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Gen. Cass’s Speech on the Wilmot Proviso.
Mr. Cass said, the importance of the subject in
volved, and the amendment proposed by the Senator
from New Hampshire, induced him to embrace the
present opportunity of expressing his sentiments
and views. The amendment proposed was what is
generally termed the “ Wilmot Proviso.” He would
examine this Wilmot proviso, and in that examina
tion would divide it into two questions. First, its
constitutionality; and secondly, its expediency. |
The principal portion of what he had to say would
be confined to the constitutional question.
Among the various writers and commentators up
on this subject, the power of Congress to legislate
for the Territories had been almost universally con
ceded, and he read extracts from -Mr. Sergeant s.
Judge Story’s, and Mr. Rawle’s commentaries; and
lie then compared these extracts with opinions on j
the other side. A distinguished Senator had pro
nounced the arguments that Congress had the power j
to legislate exclusively for the people in the Terri- !
torir* as “ bundling abs utilities,” while a member of
the House Iron? Indiana, had taken ground that the
powers of Congress were so unlimited that it might ,
establish a despotism in the Territories. Tiiis doc
trine, laid down by the member from Indiana, was
better suited to the banks of the Neva than of the
Wabash.
Extracts from the letter oT Mr. Duer were also
read, and its sentiments were compared with the ar
gument that taxation was no tyranny. The argu
m its of all those who advocated the unlimited pow
er of Congress,-drew their doctrines Imm transallan- |
tic authorities. The circumstances were tery dit- ,
terent. There was no written British Constitution ;
the Constitution there is an unwritten one. There,
upon the introduction of a proposition, the opponents
of it must point out the limitations by tiial Conslitii- ■
lion. Here, However, it is the reverse. When you j
propose that Congress shall exercise a certain povv- j
er. you must point out the express grant ol that
power in the Constitution.
The difference between the power to acquire ter- j
ritory and to legislate for the people ot those Terri- ;
tones is not a speculative one. The power of Con
gress to legislate exclusively for the people of the !
Territories in deduced from various clauses of the’
Constitution. To assume that a foreign govern
ment —a government in which the people governed j
had no choice in electing—has a right to legislate ;
exclusively for the people, is to assume that the pow
ers of that government are unlimited, and that it has j
absolute control over every subject, social as well as j
political. The powers of Congress are derivative,
and as such must he limited. Congress lias the
power to give *o the people of the Territories a gov- j
eminent, .but has no power to control the internal j
legislation of the Territories. As to the power ol
Congress to legislate upon this subject of slavery, it
must be a power unlimited in its character, If it
were intended by the Convention which trained the
Constitution to confer upon Congress any such un
limited power what could have been more easy— j
what could have been more reasonable—than to ex- j
pect that they would have inserted such a power in
to the Constitution in express terms. Congress shall
have unlitnited powers of legislation over the Terri- ,
tones ! The part of the Constitution mostly relied
on by the advocates of this power in Congress is,
that. “Congress shall have the power to dispose of |
rii ! to make all needful rules and regulations respect
ing the territory or other proparty belonging to the
United States.”
If it was intended that these words should convoy i
a grant of’power to Congress of exclusive and un- :
limited legislation over the Territories, then tiic man !
who framed them should he ashamed of his work.
Mr. C, saw in the. clause, however, nothing ol the
kind. In his view it was merely giving to Congress !
the power to sell, and to make all needful rules and )
regulations over the Territory—that is, public pro- i
perty belonging to the whole nation. He had read ;
nod examined a large number of speeches and com- j
inentaries upon this point, and contended that the
mi-take of all those who argued the existence of;
such a power in Congress, was, that they applied :
the word “territory” to the people and communities j
that inhabited the land, as well as the land itself;
while fit truth the word was used in the Constitu- j
tjon a* referring Only to public property. The true ,
ifleaninji of the phrase, “all needful rules and regu- j
Satmns respecting the territory or other property,” is !
nothing more than a grant ot power to Congress to i
lipns€ of the public property under such forms, in ;
such mode's, and under such regulations as from time ]
4o time may he deemed expedient. Under a proper j
exercise of this power the public domain—the Ter- I
ritories—of the United States have been surveyed,
laid off. into townships and sections; sold at public, j
tale,>nd made liable to private entries. Under the !
j tower conferred by this clause, suits have been j
brought against trespassers, and intruders excluded 1
The proceeds arising from its sale have gone into the i
national treasury, and the moment the sale takes
place, that moment the power of the Government
ceases to eitf-t over the soil. It has been contended i
that this same clause not only gives Congress power
over the soil, but over the people who reside oil the
public lands, wlieiever situated. Mr. Hudson, of
Massachusetts, was the new Galileo who had made j
this wonderful discovery. It was he who had laid i
down the doctrine that American citizens were pub- !
lie property, because they’ inhabited lands belonging
to the-United States. The idea was at variance)
with any true interpretation of the Constitution. :
The same person had imputed to him (Mr. (’ass)
the honor of being tiie author of the construction of
the Constitution—that the word “territory” in the j
Constitution referred only to the land. With the ;
principle lie agreed, but the distinction and the inter
pretation had been laid down by the Supreme Court,
in the vase ol the United States vs. G rat riot and .
others. i
The decision of the Supreme Court in this case,
the speeches of Mr. Hudson and many other gen
tlemen, were then read and commented upon by Mr.
Cass. The opinion of Judge Baldwin upon this (
point, differing from that of Mr. Cass, was also read,
and its positions opposed by other authorities. The
positions taken by Mr. Adams upon this clause of j
the Constitution were also met and contrasted l>v
those of Mr. Hamilton in the Federalist. An arti
cle which appeared in the National Intelligencer, in
December, 18 t 7, said to have been written by an em
inent judge of the Supreme Court from the West,
teas read, and its statements compared with the ar
guments of other persons.
The-question whether Congress had not greater 1
power over those Territories acquired by treaty,
than over the “original territory ot the Union, was
discussed at great length ; and the ground was ta
ken bv Mr. Ca-s. that Congress had no greater claim
Jo unlimited jurisdiction in that case than in the oth
er. The powers given by the Constitution were
precise and could not lie extended, and where the
power was not given directly it could'not be implied.
The anlhoiity of Vatlel and other writers on the law
of nations upon the powers of governments over ac
quired territories, could not be applied to this gov
ernment, winch derived all the powers it possessed ;
from the written Constitution.
Mr. Cass, without concluding, gave way to a mo- >
turn to adjourn.
The resolutions of Mr. Foote referring to the es
tablishment of territorial governments in California,
New Mexico and Deseret, were then taken up.
Mr. Cass continued his speech by reading at
large from the speeches of many Senators, and from
the works of several judicial writers, to sustain the
proposition that Congress has no power under the |
Constitution to legislate upon the subject of slavery
fur the people of the Territories. Such a power
would be that of exclusive and unlimited legislation.
The Constitution nowhere gave such a power; and
as the power could not be found expressly granted
in the Constitution, it could not be implied. All
power, in the words of tbc Constitution, not thereby |
granted, were reserved.
The articles of the compact made and established
by the Congress of the confederation, and their bind- !
ing force, and the.power of that Congress to e-tab- j
lish such a compact, and the force and obligation of J
the ordinance o* 1787, and particularly the question
ot the inviolability of the ordinance, were examined, j
compared, discussed, and the views and sentiments j
of others upon them were read and enlarged upon.
These articles of compact established in relation
to the territory north-west of the river Ohio, which
are held to bo inviolable, declare that there shall not
be created out of it more than Jive Slates; that num
ber has been completed bv the admission of Wiscon-
sin ; still there is a large portion of that territory, de
tached bv Congress from what now constitutes the
state of Wisconsin, but which it is proposed to join
to that which composes the Territory of Minesota.
If Minesota becomes a State, with that portion of
the territory embraced by this compact, what be
comes of the inviolability of that compact ?
.The Diary of Mr. Adams, lately published, was
then taken up, and extracts of it read. An eloquent
tribute to the dead was paid hv Mr. C. But that
portion of the Diarv, wherein Mr. Adams declares
| that the compromise made in the formation of the
Constitution was a bargain between slavery and free
dom, and that its continuance was a perpetuation of
every thing wrong and vicious, was most severely
denounced as unworthy the high position occupied
i by its author, and of one who had repeatedly sworn
to support that Constitution. The sentiments of the
Diary were contrasted with those of Washington's
farewell address, and the difference commented up
on. The mode adopted by the advocates of this
power in Congress, to sustain their position by quot
ing and citing opinions: of jurists, commentators on
law, and the opinions of the Judges of the Supreme
, Court, as conclusive, was discussed, and denied to be
the proper course for Senators to pursue. If the
Supreme Court were the only tribunal to consider
such questions, then it were better to abolish the
legislative branch ot the government. He gave the
decisions of the Supreme Court all reverence and
respect, but could not yield obedience. The legisla
tive actions on this subject by Congress were always
i cited by tlie Supreme Court as precedents for the
: power. The exercise of the power, by Congress,
. did not settle the question beyond (be limits of in
vestigation into the source of authority for that ex
orcise of power It was the duty, then, of the Sen
ate, to examine for themselves into the constitutional
: questions. The Missouri compromise was submit
j ted to by the South, not as a precedent to bind them
j forever. The tone of public sentiment at the South,
i at this time, was such as clearly indicated that an
; important crisis was at hand. Now, then, was the
| particular time for an inquiry into the subject.—
; When the political utmosplmre was calm, public
legislation was also calm ; but when a crisis was at
| hand, then the difficulties arise which it was intend-
I ed to obviate by the establishment of a written Con-
I stitution. Let that written Constitution be the test,
jby which the Senate will decide the question. He
; believed the South to be right in resisting this Wil
: mot Proviso as being unconstitutional, and, in agree
j ing with them, iie advocated no sectional view. He
was a Northern man by birth; a Western man Dy
association; hut, above all, be was an American,
and one who on all subjects appealed, as his guide,
i to the Constitution.
As to the expediency of adopting the Proviso, he
bu l but a lew words to say. Was the Wilmot Pro
\ iso worth the danger it threatened ? Would slave
ry, under any circumstances, enter these Territo
ries ? It would not. Two years ago he had said
that it was impossible for slavery to enter those
1 Territories, and events hud proved that lie was cor
: rect. Since then a large portion of that Territory
had become, by the action of the people tesiding
there, closed to the institution of slavery. New
Mexico would, in all probability, remain free Territo
ry ; her soil was not adapted to slave labor. The
j owners of slaves could not take them there, for the
I product of their labor would not, as in the Cotton
; and Sugar lands, afford them profit. He believed
i the Wilmot Proviso to be unconstitutional ; and, be
i lieving that, would never vote for it. He appealed
j to those who insisted upon pressing this Proviso to
; reflect that slavery will not and cannot go to the
I Territories. Was it then worth while to endanger
’ the Union by constantly pressing the Proviso? It is
urged as expedient, lie doubted the expediency of
! passing the Proviso. Those who advocate it may
) with perfect safety abandon it as unnecessary; those
who oppose it can never yield their opposition—
they stand upon the Constitution. Ilis sentiments
I upon the Wilmot Proviso were now before the Sen
j ate, and in a few days would be before bis consti
; incuts. *
He had been instructed, by the Legislature of
| Michigan, to vote lor-the .proviso. lie recognized
the right of the Legislature to instruct him, but he
j could not, under any circumstances, violate his con
science, by voting for that which lie deemed uncon-
I stitutional. When this question of the Proviso came
j before the Senate in a practical manner, lie would
i conform to the instructions and to bis own sentiments,
; by resigning that trust he could no longer fulfil.
Sali: of Lots in Oglethorpe.--. The Jour
nal and Messenger states that the bidding for
lots at the sale in the town of Oglethorpe, was
quite animated. Lots were sold to the amount
i of #12,000.
£fcs“ The Massachusetts Congressional elec
tion, in Palfrey’s district, has again resulted in
no choice being made. Thompson, whi 0 , beat
Palfrey, free soil, about 1000 votes.
OCT’ Santa Anna, the Mexican Genera), is, it
j i said, about applying to the Jamaica Legisia
i tine for the privilege of becoming a citizen,
thereby severing every tie that binds a Mexican
to liis country.
’ E fixation in New York. —The annual report, of
the Superintendent ot the Common Schools of New
York furnishes interesting data concerning the con
dition of the public education system of the State.
From it vve learn, that on the Ist day of July last,
there were in the 878 towns and 81 wards of cities in
the State, 11.191 schooldistricts, of which 8.411 are
composed of territory wholly situated in the town
where the school house stands, and the remainder
j are joint districts, formed from two or more adjoin
ing towns. The rt port comprises returns from 10,-
928 districts, out of the whole number. In the sev-
J oral districts reported, the schools have been kept
open, by qualified teachers, during an average peri
od of eight months.
The Report says :—The whole number of children
between the ages of five and sixteen residing in the
respective districts from which returns were receiv
ed, was 739.G00, and the whole number of children
taugnt in the several district schools during the year
was 778,309, being an increase of 2 557 over the
; number taught'the .presetting year. Os the nurn
! Imr thus taught, 6.887 had been in attendance on the
schools during the en-’ii'e year; 21.793 for ten months
am) upward; 70,37.-8 tjor months and upward;
165,983 for tj mouths and upward ; 315.430 for four
months an 1 upward y 508,871 for two months and
upward ; and only 289,058 had amended for a less
period than two months.
In the several towns and cities from which reports
have been received, there were 1,893 private and
unincorporated schools, in which 72.785 pupils were
under instruction during the whole or a portion of
the year reported ; and 35 schools for the instruction
of colored children, comprising 4008 pupils,the ex
penses of which were defrayed by the appropriation
| of $2,868,97 trnin the public money applicable to
i the payment of teachers’ wages, and $2149 60 raised
I try rate bill on those sending to the schools.
The expenditures for Teachers’ salaries during
theyear, embraced in the annual report of the Trus
i tees, was $1,153 916 27, and of this $653,704 53
was drawn from the State Treasury. The aggre
gate amount disbursed during the same period for
. the purchase of books for the district libraries and
school apparatus, was $92.104 82. The amount
j raised by taxes, etc. in the State, was $954,019 21,
and ihe total expenditure for the maintenance of tiie
schools, was $1,700,819 56.
The whole number of volumes in the several dis
trict libraries in the State on the Ist inst., was 1.409,-
lo4—being an average of 125 volumes to each dis-
I trict. Many of the larger and wealthier districts,
i however, greatlv exceed this number. The mainte
nance of the Library system is earnestly urged as a
) great means of imparting efficiency to the schools,
j and ot insuring an interest in them on the part of
i the scholars.
The Report does great credit to the Hon. Chris
; topher Morgan, the able Superintendent.
O’ It appears, from late Mobile papers, that the
Coal trade, between tiial city and Tuscaloosa is
largely on the increase—fifteen barges, laden with
this commodity, had arrived there within a few days,
which was selling, for home consumption and for ex
port, at $5 50 per ton.
®®sD?s3i®ffl § i pair ram „
DR- JOIIX E. BACON
OFFERS his professional services to the public. He
has had a large experience in the practice of Medicine,
particularly in Obstetrics, and the diseases of women and
children. His Office is next door below the Drug Store
of Danforth & Nagel, up stairs ; messages left at their
Drug Store will be attended to. His residence is the one
formerly occupied by the late Dr. Goulding, opposite the
Court House.
Columbus, Jan. 10, 1350. 2 Cm
Twenty Dollars Reward!
STRAYED, OR STOLEN,
OX the 19th inst., from my residence near
Fort Mitchell, Ala., a spotted red and white
Setlcr DOG, about a vear old, the tip of his tail cut
off, and with a brass collar around his neck. Any per
son giving me information that will enable me to recover
the Dog, will be paid the above reward of S2O.
SAM I. C. BENTON.
Fort Mitchell, Jan. 31. •' 3t
TRUSTEE’S SALE.
/HNN the. first Tuesday in February next, I will
sell, at 11 o’clock, in front of mV Store, the House
and Lot at present occupied by G. W. Ross, Esq.
Also. 8 or 10 likely NEGROES —aII on a credit of
one or two years.
Also, for Cash, a large lot of household and kitchen
Fi RNITL RE ; six or eight young Mules and Horse*,
one Wagon, one Carriage, and various other articles.
R. S. HARD, i WAV, Trustee.
C. S. HARRISON.
Jun. 31. 1350. (5 It) A. K. AYER, Auctioneer,
(fdjr Sale positive, find without reserve.
THE
nasmram,
WILLIS HI. REEVES, Instructor.
W>S located on the corner opposite Dr. Andrews’
residence, near the East Common ; and is open
for the reception of students.
‘Berms, per quarter, (of 12 weeks.) 4 to 6 dollars.
Incidental Expenses, 25 cents.
Columbus, Jan. 31,1850. 5 3t.
COUNTY SERVEYM.
rip HE undersigned informs bis friends and the
-*• Planters of Muscogee county, that he is pre
pared to make official surveys in Muscogee county.
Letters addressed to Post Office. Columbus, will meet
with prompt attention. WM. F. SERRELL,
County Surveyor.
Office overE. Barnard &. Co.'s store, Broad street.
Columbus, Jan. 31, 1850. 5 ts
dsSraffsnried & Robinson,
BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS,
4T&FFER for sale the largest assortment of
School, Miscellaneous, Law, Medical, and Theo
logical Works ; NOVELS, &c. by the most popular au
thors; Stationery off all kirn!*, Letter and
Foolscap and Wrapping PAPERS ; Ink, Pens, Slates,
<Sfc. J-e. J-c.
Blank Books,
Os every kind, for sale, and made to order, Sec.
B. B. dcGraffenried. Isaac T. Robinson.
Columbus, Jan. 31, 1350.
School Hooks.
PELLERS, different kinds; Deliners, different
kinds : Readers, different kinds ; Speeches and
Dialogues, different kinds; Dictionaries, different kinds;
Geographies, different kinds ; Grammars, different, kinds ;
Arithmetics; Mathematics, different kinds; Histories,
different kinds ; Philosophies, different kinds; Astrono.
mies, different kinds ; Chemistries, different kinds ; Bot
anies, different kinds ; Composition ; Bookkeeping, differ
ent kinds. Latin, Greek and French Books, as used j n
all country and high schools in the Southern Country-
A large assortment of the above Books has just been
received, and are offered to teachers, pupils, itc., at pri
ces to suit, by
df.GRaFFENRIED & ROBINSON.
Under Bank of St. Mary's.
Columbus, January 24, 1850.
Cl EORGIA, MUSCOGEE COUNTY—Where
1T as Abner C. Flevvellen, Elvira Flewellon and
William 11. Chambers, apply for letters of Adminis
tration upon tfie estate of Abner Flevvellen, late of
said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish all and
singular the kindred and creditors of said deceased
to show cause, (if any they have.) within the time
prescribed by law, why the administration of said es
tate should not be granted to the said applicants.
Given under my hand this 30th January, 1850.
JNO. JOHNSON, C. C. O.
January 31, 1850. 5 5t
IF os* Sale,
4 LIKELY young HOUSE GIRL, on 12
dAA. months’ credit. Enquire at this Office.
Jan. 24. 4 lm
For Sale, or Rent,
jilt THE HOUSE and LOT, (near the
*ssssai££S> Methodist Church,) lately occupied by
the undersigned.
Jan. 17. (3 ts.) J. FOGLE.
nfMIE partnership heretofore existing between
Redo & Hooter, has been dissolved. The un
settled business of the old Firm will be closed at the same
stand, bv
Jan. 1, 1850. REDD & JOHNSON.
FjSTHE undersigned have .associated them
selves, under the name and style of
REDO & JOHNSON,
And will be happy to supply the public, (at the old stand
of Redd <Sa Hooper,) with any.thing in their line ; em
bracing a complete assortment of
Staple aail Fancy Dry ftoads,
Ha’s, Caps, Shoes, Boots, Saddlery, Cutlery,
cf-c. 4-c.
A. G. REDD,
L. DECATUR JOHNSON.
Columbus, Ga., Jan. 24,1850. 4 ts
$25 000 in California Gold!
Columbus Cigar Factory.
SIMONS & ORTAGUS have taken the above
named Establishment., and intend keeping con
stantly on hand the FINEST CIGARS to he had.
Also, first quality CHEWING TOBACCO, Snuff,
Smoking Tobacco, PIPES, and all other articles com
monly kept in an establishment of this kind.
JY. B. Give Bob and ’Tagus a chance, boys !
Columbus, Ga. Jan. 17, 1850 3 ts
Pork fos*
SEVENTY-FIVE THOUSAND lbs. PORK in salt,
warranted sound and fresh nt the time of luineing,
for sale, in quantities to suit purchasers, at the “ Ken
tucky House,” Oglethorpe street. Either clear Sides, or
Hams, as may be desired. Prices to suit the times.
Call and examine. WM. PERRY.
Jan. 10 r IBSO. ___ 2 ts
House and Lot at Auction.
ON the Ist TUESDAY in FEBRUARY next, I will
sell, nt 11 o'clock, in front of mv Store, the House
and Lot lately occupied by Mr. R. W. B. Munro, in
Wynn ton, containing 10 acres of land. The house is
comfortable and roomy, and well adapted to the residence
of a family. On the premises there is a good well, and
all necessary out-buildings.
Also, at the same time and place, FIFTY likely NE
GROES, for cash and credit.
C. S. HARRISON.
A. K. AYER, AtnTr.
Columbus, Juu. 10, 1850. 2 3t
Doctors Stewart & Bozeman,
ARE associates in the practice of their profession.
Office, west side of Broad street, over the store
of J. Ennis &. Cos. [Jan. 10. 23m
Di§soliifion.
THE firm of HOXEY & BUTT was dissolved
bv mutual consent on the 31st nit. All per
sons indebted to said concern, will call on Dr. Hoxey for
settlement. THOS. HOXEY,
Jam 17,1550. (3 3m) R. L. BUTT.
Notice.
DRS. TIIOS. & J. J. B. HOXEY have united in the
practice ot Medicine, Surgery, Dr. J. J. It.
Hoxey, after an absence of four years, returns among his
old friends. Having been with the army in Mexico in
1546, and in a Southern city for the last three years,
where he has had ample opportunities for practice, he
hopes to merit a share of the public patronage.
O* Office over the store of J. F. Chisholm, on Broad
Street, opposite Hill &. Dawson’s; all orders left at the
Drug Store of Danforth & Nagel, at their office or dwel
ling, will be promptly attended to.
Columbus, Jaii. 17, 1350. 3 3in
iYSale School.
JOHN I3HAEI, Principal.
-1/ the currier of'Forsyth mid Franklin streets, (in the
building occupied last year by Mr. B. Shivers.')
rip HE exercises of this school will commence on
“ Monday, January 7.
Scholastic year, 49 weeks — Tuition, $36.
Columbus, January, 31. 1850. 1 8t
Dancing Academy.
WR. R. POWELL, (late of New York,)
iIJH has the honor to announce to the Ladies
and Gentlemen of Columbus, and its vicinity, that he ex
pects to open a class sometime in January next, should
lie receive sufficient patronage, for the purpose of. giving
instruction in that polite art, in all its varieties. In ad
dition to the plain style of Dancing and Waltzing, the fol
lowing
FASHIONABLE AND FANCY DANCES
will be taught, during the season :
Cachuclra, E! Jaieo Xores, La Sylphide, Cel
-1 arias Waltz, Cracovienne, Miiscoviemie, Re
gatta. Hornpipe, Redowa Waltz, Varsovienne,
Highland Fling, Wreath Waltz, Citig Temps,
Polka Waltz, &<•..
Together with the fashionable Quadrilles of Polka
Mazurka, Ist and 2nd sets, and new Quadrilles of
Redowa, as danced in tiie principal cities and fash
ionable Watering, places in the United States.
Ladies who may wish to learn the more late and
fashionable styles, such as Polka, Mazurka, Redowa
and Cellarius Waltzing, or Polka. Mazurka, and
R u dowa Quadrilles, will be waited on at their resi
denc,on day and hours to suit their convenience.
Parents and guardians entrusting their children
to my charge, may rely on the strictest attention
being paid to their ease, grace and general deport
ment.
-Terms, and other details may be known on appli
cation to me.
Dec. 20,1849. 51 ts
at®,
THE subscriber takes t this
method to return thanks to his
friendsfcibr their liberal patron
age during the past year, and trrj|!e, by promptness and
fair dealing, to merit a continnamp&f the same. He has
much enlarged his stock, recently, mvfl now offers for sale
tiie largest and best seledVd'ussflrtinent of
Books aliQ Stationery,
ever offered in Columbus,Slomprising a great variety of
School, Classical, Law, Merwal and miscellaneous Books,
together with every variety of Staple and Fancy Sta
tionery —all of which will bo sold on reasonable terms.
A liberal discount made to Teachers, and those who buy
to sell again. All are respectfully invited to call at the
old established Book Store, east side Broad street, two
doors above Mechanics’ Bank.
Jan.'3, 1850 (1 3m) JOHN W. TEASE.
Garden Sesds,
A LARGE eupplg.af Fresh Garden Seeds, of every
variety, just received and for sale at the Hook
Store of . * JOHN \V. LEASE.
Jan. 3, 1850 1 3ni
Planters, take Notice.
Saw Mills, Grist Mills, Factories, Gin Gear,
Rice Mills and Sugar Mills.
firm of AMBLER & MORRIS, are now
JL ready to build any of l!ie above named Mills,
propelled bv Water, Steam or Horse. Our work shall be
done in the best possible manner, and warranted inferior
to none now in use. Both of the above firm are practi
cal men, and attend to their business in person, and will
furnish Engines for Steam Mills, Grist or Saw, and set
either in complete operation. The firm can give the best
assortment of Water Wheels and Gearing, of any in the
Southern States, and will say to our employers, if a Mill
or any of our work does not perform in the business for
which it was intended, no pay will be exacted. Try us
and see. AMBLER & MORRIS.
January 24, 1850. 4 ly
~THETROY WOOD-WARE
Manufacturing Cos mpany,
A RE now ready to commence operations, aivl will
I ***- promptly supply all orders with which they may
be favored, for every description of
HOLLOW WOOD-WARE,
embracing Buckets, Tubs, Bails, Churns, Cans, &c. &c.
: The Company will be ready by the Ist of March to enter
j extensively into the manufacture of
OUIKS,
j of which they will be able to turn out a very superior
i article.
TIR\I\G.
lied Steads. Wagon Hubs, and every other
description of TURNING, neatly done.
I The Manufactory is situated at the mouth of Mulber r v
I Creek,, I'2 miles from Columbus, 20 from Opelika, and 2:2
1 from West Point. The Company is thus afforded facilities
for transportation in every direction, and will be able to
furfiislY their goods” in every section of the State at short
1 notice, and on reasonable terms.
O- Orders left St the stores of P. SrKxcr.a, or B. Jf.f
----i Fv.asoJh in this city, will be, promptly filled. All orders
through the mail, must be directed to R. G. Jefferson &
! Cos., Columbus, (in. We shall be happy to accommodate
the Would generally, and our friends particularly.
Columbus, Jan. 3,1850. “l ly
N. B.—Persons wishing to purchase privileges for man
ufacturing purposes can do so, as there arc a number of
Water Lots upon the premises for sale.
f>lssolutioEß
j rgPHIE undersigned have this day dissolved copart-
I nership by mutual consent.
JOHN H. MADDEN.
PATRICK ADAMS.
The business of the above firm of Madden &. Adams
will be continued by J. 11. Madden, who is alone uu-
I tliorized to settle and collect the accounts of said firm.—
i All persons indebted will please make immediate pay
| ment, and those having claims will present them for settle
ment. ‘ JOHN 11. MADDEN,
j Columbus, January 24, 1850. 4 ts
i
JiHssoluflioßi.
npHE firm of J. B. HICKS Sc CO. was dissolved on
j I tlio b'h inst. bv mutual consent. All persons in
debted, will please call and settle without delay. Those
having demands, will present them for payment.
J. 13. HICKS,
Jan. 17, 1350. (3 3t) S. G. U 11. SON.
ILost*
A SMALL POCKET BOOK, either in Colum
bus, or some five or six miles on the* road leading
to Salem, containing some two hundred and eighty cr
nineiv dollars, more or less : also some papers of not
much value. The finder will be liberally rewarded bv
leaving the same with Janies Rankin, in Columbus.
| DAVID PATTERSON.
‘ January 21, 1850. 4 2t (pd)
€. J. ROOSEVELT, M. D.
HOMCEOPATHIC PH YSICIAN.
.<?^sFFi<?E —formerly occupied by Dr. iSankey, St.
(.'lair street.
[ETHeiere-nce:—r. T. SCIII.EY.
K. 15. MSHIIUUN.
JOHN u. WINTER,
r. McLaren.
JAMES I’. WINTER.
Columbus. N0v.8.1849. 45—3 m
Saddles.
riVGLISH. Spanish, American and
111 Ladies’ Saddles. .f all qnulitie;. for
Miji sate, either at Wholesale or retail, low
4 1l iiiiiililiiiii'l for CASH, or approved credit, hv
NM|||P f WADhJt t'O.
” “jL Sign of the Golden Saddle.
C.l Columbus, Nov. 15.184.). 46 J.n
HARNESS*
Cl OACH, Barouche, Buggy, Brav and Wagon, in
) eluding all qualities and styles, will he sold low
for eft'll or approved credit. \\ ABE iV CO-
Sign Golden Saddle.,..
Nov. 15, 1349. • >b — 3ill
TRUNKS.
SOLE LEATHER, Iron Frame, Folio and Wontl
Frame Trunks, tlie largest assortme t evaroff red
u this market, lor sale low for cash or appiove.il credit,
hv W\t)E & CO. Sign Golden Saddle.
November 15,1819. 46—3 m
Carriage Trimmings*
BltO.VI) and Narrow Laces, Patent Leather Pop, and
all other kinds, Linings and Cloths, Tassels and
Fringes, Couch Roods, Rutiber and Patent Cloth, Lau ps
and Varnish, of ail kinds, and a variety of other articles
in theCYRiUYGE TRIMMING LINE, all of uljiqji
will he sold either at Wholesale or retail, ns low as . ait
be bought in any market, South, for oaslt or appro, ed
credit, by WADE Si CO, Sign Golden Saddle.
November 15,1849. ,46 —3ni
LEATHER.
SKIRTING, Harness, Bridle, Upper, and Hemlock
and Oak Sole Leather, Sheep, Moincco und Libia!
Skins; Fiench and American CALF SKINS, &'•
All of which are offered at the lowest p ices for cash ot
upproved credit, bv WADE & 1.0.
Sign Golden Saddle.
November 15. 1349. 46—Sttt
GIN BANDS.
PATENT Stretched Baiting of the best quality, from
1 to 10 inches. Alan the India Rubber Betting, low
forcash or unproved credit, bv
W ADE & 00. Sign Golden Saddle.
November 15,1319. 46—3 tn
KING &, WIN NEMO HE,
Commission Merchants,
MOBILE, ALA. v
[M,b. Trib.]
Dec. 20,1819. 51 ts
North CaroHaia
Mutual Life Insurance Company.
LOCATED AT KALEIGH, N. C.
f 15 !IE Charier of litis entnpany gives important advan-
A tages to the assured, over most other companies.
The husband can i tsitre his own life for the sole use
and benefit of his wile arid children, free from any othai
claims. Persons who insure for life participate in the
profits which are declared annually, and when the pre
mium exceeds S3O, may pay one half in a note.
Staves arc insured ut two thirds llteir value for one or
five years.
■ Applications for Risks may lie made to
JOHN MUNN, Agent,Columbus, Gn
rcr Office at Greenwood &. Co.’a Warehouse. li
November 15.1319.
SUPERIOR BEAVER AN!) MOLESKIN HATS,
At Cost.
W .‘T Cusps of superior Beaver and M< lo.kt’p
s ** HATS, atSirtitli’s Clothing Stoic, at cost
Dec. 13, 1849. SO if
DRUG BUSINESS,
(At the late stand of IV.ni &. \Vii.co>.
Ip Q DAKFORTH & NAGEL
fviSSlf-F.eirV) o AVING ptirojin.ed the Drug Estnb-
P|!f; in Ii slime tit of Messrs. Pood & Wilcox,
fpig=£ would inform their friends and the public,
that they intend keeping on hand a good
|||£3 supply of
US. Drugs, Medicines, Paints,
Oils, Surgical ItiMriiinciitN.&c. &c.
and other articles usually kept in a Drug Store, ali
of which will he sold on the most reasonable terms.
From .Mr. D.’s practical acquaintance with the business,
and his determination to devote himself entirely to the
accommodation of !iis customers, lie hopes to receives
liberal share of public patronage.
Columbus Ga. Nov. 1. 1849. 41 ts
Palace Mills
HAVE now a good supply of IVesh ground Flour, of
three qualities; sav, FINE, SUPERFINE, ami
FANCY brands; each kind is made from the best of
Western Wheat, and the only difference is the colour.
‘l'll*- price by retail is, for Fine, .'s3 per half barrel : Su
perfine, $3 25 per half barrel; Fancy, $3 50 per half
barrel. Discount made to those who buy to sell again.
Quarter barrels arc sold proportionately cheap.
JO. JEFFERSON, Clerk.
Dec. 27,1319. 52 ts
Dyeing and Renovating
W. S. THACKER
respectfully inform the ladies and ron
* tlemen of. Colntnbtis and vicinity, that he is
still at. Itis old stand on Broad street., near the mar
ket, where he is prepared to execute till work en
trusted to him, in the various departments of
Dyeing, Scouring and Renovating
new and old clothing. Ladies’ tSilks, Merinoes and
Satins cleansed of stains and impurities and colored
to any shade. Also finished to look and wear as
weli as new.
Gentlemen's garments cleansed and dved so as
not to soil the whitest linen.
itT All orders thankfully received and promptly
executed. , I
Columbus, Oct. 11, 1819. 4l__tf
FALL AND WINTER 00008,
A splendid assortment of Ncw
STAPLE AND FANCY DRY GOODS,
EMBRACING all the new desirable .styles and
fabrics, just received and now on sale at
(At the old stand, Corner of Broad k Randolph Sts.)
All of which will positively be SOLD AY LOW as
the same kind of goods can be bought in Columbus.
The Ladies and Gentlemen of the city and vicinity
are invited to call and examine the stock which is too
rich and extensive to be enumerated in an advertise
ment. CHARLES MY GATT.
Columbus, October 18,1019. —ts
DRAPER AND TAILOR,
HAS just opened his new Establishment in one
of the handsome stores under l he St. Mary’s
Bank, and two doors below the Post Office, where,
after a briefstate of retirary,” he Is prepared to
accommodate old customers and new, with cverv
thing desirable in the way of
nirjnm
Ilis stock of Cloths. Cassimcres, VesCngs, <tc.. is
rich and ample, and will be made up, for responsible j
gentlemen, in the best style cf the art. George is j
“himself again”—therefore, he hopes cad,’
sure that’” none will go away dissatisfied.’
Columbus, Nov. I. )5J9. li-tf I
WESTERN
i MILITARY _i\STITUTE.
Board of Visitors.
‘S'he ADJUTANT GENERAL, together with
five lit persons, to he annually appointed bv the
Executive, to attend examination!* at least ot.cc a yvar,
according to law .
IP*AO n JLTY.
Incorporated with all llie powers, privilege, and right*
exercised by the Trustees and /-'acuity ul u uy oUr Col*
iege.
COL. I'. F. JOIIASON, General Superintendent ;
Educated ut West Point.
COL. E. W. .MORGAN, Joint Superintendent and Pro*
Lug ineering and of Natural History,
[F.dueateii at West Point.
LIEUT. COL. B. K. JOHNSON, Professor vs Mathe
niaiirs; [Educated at Wf.t Point.
MAJ. klCll.vKD OWKN, Prof, of Natural Science;
l V pupil of I'r. Ure, of Glasgow.
MR. ALEX. SCHLK, Adjunct Prof, of Chemistry;
[Fur 18 tiiunts a pupil u s tlie celebrated Liebig.
REV. 11. 5. D. N EVIL'S. A. }| Professor of Anrieni
Languages ; [Educated at Princeton College, N. J.
JAMES G. BLAINE., A. 11., Adjunct Vrofessor of Lan
guages ; [Educated at Waslitneton College. Pa.
JAMES H. DAVIESS, Esq,., Professor of luiw ; [A prac
titioner in the various Courts of Ketiinekv.
REV. J. R. SWIFT, A. 51., Professor of Ethics and
Kefles Lct/res; [Educated at 51116 College.
MR. E. .V. CAMUKAV, Profsssar- of Modern Languages;
[Educated in the City of Paris.
CAPT. V. E. MOTT. Teacher in the Academy;
[Educated in New Yoik.
CAP T. W. W. GAUNT, Adjutant of the Institute.
Two hundred and seventy Cade*.,from eighteen different
States, have entered this liistilinioH since it wn. organ
ized,in 1347. It is entirely free from the control or dom
ination of any sect or pai tv, either political or religions.
Economy in dress, by the uiloptiou of a chea-p l 1 ni lor in,
for Winter and Summer, is rigidly enforced. Every stu
dent is required to select a College guardian, w ith who**
all funds brought or received must tie deposited, and no
ael>t must be contracted without the content *f such
g uardiun.
Civil Engineering
Will be thoroughly and practically taught in the West
cm Military Institute—the Professor, CoI.MoHGaN, he
ing one of the most skillful and experienced Engineer,
in the United States. All the instruments connected
with that department, have been procured at considera
ble cost, and of the best quality.
The Superintendent tukes the liberty ot stating that he
is -no tv offered $75 per month, for competent assistant En
gineers. One of hi* former pupils receives at this time
$2,500 per annum, as Principal Engineer of a Railroad
now under construction in Kentucky—whilst others ott he
same class are receiving in different parts ot I lie United
States, $2,000, $1,500, or $1,200 a year as Assistant lui
gioeers.
The time is rapidly approaching when there will he a
great demand for such ns have been preputed for thnl
vocation, at the Western Military Institute. Notliit gi
hazarded in saving tlint they will readily command sl,-
200 or $1,500 perumiuin. Every man of observation must
see that the gigantic enterprises already proposed, w ill
give birth to hundred of others, tributary to tiießi. The
rapid advancement of our whole country, utid the eager
ness of our people, for exploring the hidden resotitces of
the new States and the newly acquired territory, will
give ample scope for ages to come, to llit; skill and enter
prise of the Engineer, the. Geologist, the Mineralogist
the Surveyor und the Architect. Aon tig nten who have
an aptitude for the Mathematical and Plivsica ! science-*
will have a wide held opened to them for engaging in an
honorable, healthful tit and a lucrative pursuit, for which
they may lie thoroughly and practically qualified, in a
short lime, und a* small expense,at the Western Military
Institute.
To secure the manifold advantage, of health, economy,
liscipline, progress und moral training, the Faculty of
•his Institution lias .selected for its permanent location
;he famous
BLT7E LICK SPRINGS,
situated on the Lexington and Maysville Turnpike,twen
ty-fonr mile* from the Jailer place, and forty front the form
er; emphatically n country location, biting ten or twelve
miles distant from any town or village. The hoilditiga
are mostly new, well constructed for Garrison purpose*,
and ample for the accommodation of THREE HUN
DRED CADETS.
This place is unsurpassed for it riififlithy atmosphere,
pore water and romantic scenery ; and is, unquestionably,
one of the most eligible locations for a, Literary Institu
tion in the United Stateo. The grounds have been gteut
ly improved and ornamented during the last five years.—
A plat of Ibriv acre*, beautifully situated on the marcin
of the Licking Jliver, immediately white rear ol the build
ings, will lie reserved for .Military Exercises. The Re
moval will bs unde immediately after Christmas, .ad
rhe School opened at that place, ON THE SEVENTH
DAY OF JANUARY, 1850.
Vacation will embrace the months of July and August,
by which arrangement lhe Watering Season will not in
terfere with the exercise, of this Institution.
The Academic Year extends ti.tm the first Monday of
September to the third Fiday of June—Forty weeks.
CO? G2> o
The charge for Tuition, Boarding, Lodging, Washing,
Fuel, Lights, Blacking, Servants’ attendance, Munir, use
of Arms, &e. will be $l6O per year. Payments will be
required in Advance, at that rate, from ttie day of en
trance to the end ol the Term. From the tiisl Monday
of annary—for example—to the third Friday of June,
(twcntv-fonr weeks) it is $96.
Cadets from a great distance, who prefer remaining in
Kentucky during Vneatioii, can find the most c iinforta
ble Boarding in the families of our wealthy Farmers, at
$1.50 per week. Southern or Western Students tuny
land at Louisville and take Stage, Steamboat, or Rail
road to Frankfort, and Lexington; thence, in four horse
coaches to the Blue Licks. Or, they may ascend the
Ohio to Mayaville, which is three hours stage from the
Springs.
O’ This Place is furnished with commodious Baths
and is Abundantly supplied with Freestone, Li meat one
mid Cistern water of the best quality, independent of the
Sulphur Springs, and the Salts and Sulphur Springs.
November 22,13-19. 47
staasiivsis
COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE,
GEORGETOWN, Ky.
FACULTY.
T. F. JOHNSON, A. si.. Principal and Prof, of Mathe
matics.
Ei.dku J. R- SWIFT, Piof. of Moral and Intellectual
Science.
R. N. NEWELL. A. M., Prof, of Ancient and .Modern
Languages.
CHARLES FRITZ, Esq., Prof, oflusiruuiental and > fl
ea! Music.
Misses C. STANWOOD, 11. 15. STANWOOD and C.
LAND DUN, Assistants.
‘tAHE PRINCIPAL has been tencliinjr twenty yenra-
S. uninterruptedly, having o< cupitd important Profes
sorships in severulCollegeein Virginia,(bisnative State)
and Kentucky.
Mr. Swill graduated at Yale College, and has become
eminent as a teacher.
Mr. Newell graduated in the city of Paris,and lias fill
ed the chair of Languages in several Colleges of high re
pute.
Air. Fritz, a German gentleman of fine acquirements,
has beep .connected with ibis Institution six vents, and
has to rued out sonic oYtlowbeat-performers on lire Piano
to be found in the United Stales.
The Hisses St an wood graduated a t the celebrated Fe
male Seminary at Ipswich, Mass. Ihe elder has been
Principal Assistant in this Institiuion for the last eight
years. Mitts Laugdoii Imx been n very popular teacher
in Cincinnati and Kentucky tor six years pust ; the lest
two vears in this Institution.
The Female Collegiate Institute was organized in 1838
and has enjoved without any fluctuations, an unusunl
siiareof public favor, averaging lorthe ten years past a
liuut one hundred pupils.
It is furnished wiili a line Philosophical and Chemical
Apparatus, a Select Library,and affords unusual fa
cilities to students of Music, French, Spanish and the
like, it is entirely hec Irom all sectarian bins—ilia
pupils being permitted to attend any place of worship pie
scribed liv tlv ir Parents, and the teachers belonging to
four or five different denomination*.
To prevent eo.tipeiion in Dress, clothing of a uniform
style, ami qualify lias beeu prescribed, and Jewelry ol ev
ery description prohibited.
Yncuiiiiu holds from Christinas to the first of March,
but those pupils who remain through the vacation, are a s
ieg u lari v instructed, i I desired, as dining term time. All
pupils from n distance are required to boaid at the Insti
tute, i.nder the immediate supervision <•! the learner*.
The Principal might refer to hundreds of p.mi.incut m
di vid mi Is throughout the Wester., mol South V\ estern
St ues, butlie presmiipc it to be entirely tiiinecessnty,
fiflt-r having: tnittfliUif flic r*am piHUI, u,| h ” ie l " e u,usl
siirini! fm (t?? 1 , fin firmly *JO jmr*.
fieorwetnv*.. is accessible ly dmlv Singes am] Steam
h„a,s from Louis, ilfe and Cincinnati. It is 17 miDsfrotn
j Frankfort, and is admitted to he one ol the healthiest lo
cations ou the Globe.
Per Sesion.Lor Bourd Hiid Tuition SOO
For Music >'6
For French, stc., fee.., 10
[There are nianv Female Seminaries in the West, in
which ibe opeimcs of a pupil may be $lO or S2O per ses
sion less thin the above; but, in very few of these, it is
eon fib ntlv ass. ited, will ibo /brebe found so rood—the
rn/n/rt/in vented mj large—and thu reputation of the Teuck
erx so distingnishrd-1
July 12, 1819 28—ly