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presidents message. ■
'Jffm
„ JhleF Magistrate liu passed off with iwatiiau
the usual excitement, However Individual* tod pu*
ties may hare been disappointed in the reanlt, it is
snd our
SSS!4*?tf a T^d^?5r^huS Jn bir« pUo * *5
the formation of tho new government have aayet
prevented the execution of tlKMe lnatructlona 5 bat
thei
these vast coun
to onr commerce.
.4 which In otSerooontriea have too often af-
d the parity or popular elections.
PBoapxxrrr op ra« country.
Oar grateful thanka are doe to an All-raercUhl
Providence, notonly for stayingthe pestilence which
in different forma has desolated some of our cities,
bat for crowning the labors of the husbandman with
an abundant harvest, add the nation generally .with
the blessings of peace and prosperity.
« within: a few weeks the publio mind has been
deeply affected by the death or Daniel Webster, fill
ing m his decease the offioe of Secretary of State.
H S associates in tho Executive Government have
silently sympathised with his family and the publio
generally on this raournfal occasion. His command
ing talents, his great political and professional emi
nence, bis well-fried patriotism, and hla ongand
faithful services, in tho most important public trusts,
have 0 used his death to be lamented throughout tho
oountry, aim bare earned for him a lasting^placo in
our history.
TOE FISHERIES.
* In the course or the last summer great anxiety
was caused for a short time by an official mtlmatlou
from the Government of Great Britain that orders
'had been given for tho protection of the fisheries
upon the coasts of tho British provinces in North
America, against the alleged encroachments of the
fishing vessels of the United States and France.
Tho shortness of this notioo, and tho season of the
year, seemed to make it a matter of urgent Impor
tance. It was at first apprehended that an increased
nanl foroe had been ordered to the fishing grounds
to carry Into effect tho British interpretation of
those provisions in tho convention of 1818, In refer
ence to tho true intent or which tho two govern
ments 'differ. It was soon discovered that such
was not the design or Great Britain, and satisfac
tory explanations of tho real objects or the measure
have been given both here and fn London.
Tho unadjusted difference, however, between the
two governments ns to the interpretation of the first
article of the convention of 1818, is still a matter of
Importance. American fishing vessels, within nine
or ten years have been excluded from waters to
which toey had freo access for tvrenty-five years after,
the negotiation of the treaty. In 1845, thisexcln-
, slon was relaxed so far as regards the Bay of Fuudy,
butthe just and liberal Intention of the Home Gov
ernment, in compliance with what wo consider the
true construction of the convention, to open all tho,
othor outer bays to our flshermeu, was aboudoned,
In consequence of the opposition of tho colonies.
Notwithstanding this, the united States have, since
the Bay of Funny was re-opened to onr fishermen In-
1845, pursued the most liberal oourse toward the
colonial fishing interests. By the revenue law of'
1748, the duties on colonial fish entering our ports
the monopoly of tho export trade in our market,
and is entering to some extent into the home con-
• sumption. These facts were among those which in
creased the sensibility of our fishing interest at the
movement In question. ..... . '
These circumstances and the incidents above al
luded to have led me to think the moment favorable
for a reconsideration of the entire subject of the
r fisheries on the coasts of the British provinces, with
a view to place them upon a more liberal Tooting of
reciprocal privilege. A willingness to meet us in
- • some arrangement of this kind is understood to ex
ist; on the part of Great Britain, with a desire on
■ her part to Include into one comprehensive settle-
. mem, as well as this subject as the commercial in-
-'' teroouree between the United States and the British
provinces. I have thought that whatever arrange-
• meats may be made on these two subjects, it is ex
pedient that they should be embraced in separate
■ conventions. The illness and death of the late Seo
• rotary of Stato prevented the commencement of the
‘contemplated negotiation. Fains have been taken
to colleot the information required for the details of
such an arrangement. The subject is attended with
. considerable difficulty. If it is found practicaple to
cOmo to an agreement mutually acceptible to the
two parties, conventions may be concluded intbo
course of toe present winter. Tho control of Con
gress over all toe provisions of such an arrangement
affecting the revenue, will of course be reserved.
CUBA.
The affairs of Cnba formed a prominent topic In
- my lost annual message. They remain in an unea
sy condition, and a feeling of alarm and irritation
on the part of toe Cuban authorities appears to ex
ist. This feeling has interfered with too regular
commercial intercourse between the United States
and the island, and led to some acts of which we
V have a right to complain. But the CapUin General
of Cuba 6 clothed with no power to treat with for
eign governments,nor is he in any degree under the
control of the Spanish Minister at Washington.—
Any communication which .he may hold with an
agent of a foreign power is informal and matter of
courtesy. Anxious to put on end to the existing
inconveniences, (which seemed to rest on a mlscon-
ooptlon,) I directed the newly appointed Minister
. to Mexico to visit-on ms way Y«ra
Crux. Ho was respectfully received tiy the Captain
General, who conferred with him freely on the re-
1 cent occurrences; but no permanent arrangement
• was effected.
' In the mean time, toe refusal of the Captain
General to allow passengers and the mail to be
landed in certain cases, for a reason which does not
famish, in the opinion of this Government, even a
good presumptive ground for such a prohibition,
has been made toe subject of a serious remon-
strance at Madrid: and 1 have no reason to doubt
that due respect will be paid by the government or
Her Catholio Majesty to the representations which
our Minister has been instructed to make on the
subject.
It is but justice to the Captain General to add,
that his conduct toward the steamers employed to
carry the mails of the United States to Havana has,
with the exceptions above alluded to, been marked
with kindness and liberality, and indicates no gen
eral purpose of interfering with the commercial cor-
, reapondence and intercourse between the island
ana this country.
Early In the present year official notes were re
ceived bou the Ministers of France aud England,
inviting toe Government of the United States to
become a party with Great Britain and Franco to a
tripartite Convention, in virtue of which the three
powers should severally and collectively disclaim,
now and for the future, all intention to obtain pos
session of the Island of Cuba, and should bind
. themselves to discountenance all attempts to that
• effect on the part of any power or individual what
ever. This Invitation has been respectfully declin
ed, for reasons which it would occupy too much
apace in this communication to state in detail, but
which led mo to think that the proposed measure
would be of doubtful constitutionality, impolitic,
and unavailing. I have, however, in common with
• several or my predecessors, directed the Ministers of
France and England to be assured that the United
States entertain no designs against Cuba; but that,
on the contrary. I should regard its incorporation
into the Union at the present time as fraught with
serious peril.
• - Were this island comparatively destitute of in
habitants, or occupied by a kindred race, I should
*• regard It, if voluntarily ceded bv Spain, us a most
,, desirable acquisition. But, under existing circum
stances, I should look upon its incorporation into
our Union as a very hazardous measure. It would
bring into the confederacy a population or a differ
ent national stock, speaking a different language,
and not likely to harmonize with the other mem
bers. It would probably affect In a prejudicial man
ner the industrial interests of the Souths and it
might revive those conflicts of opinion between the
different sections of the country, which lately shook
the Union to its centre, and which have beer
happily compromised.
TEH0ANTEPXO.
The rejection by the Mexican Congress of the
convention which had been concluded between that
Bepublio aud tbe United States, for the protection
of a transit way across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
and of the interests of those citizens of the United
States who had become proprietors of tbe rights
which Mexico had conferred on one of her own citi-
■ sens In regard to that transit, has thrown a serious
obstacle io the way of the attainment of a very de-
' piruble national object I am still willing to nope
- that tbe differences on tbe subject which exist, or
may hereafter arise, between tbe governments, will
be amicably adjusted. This subject, however, has
. ' already engaged tbe attention of tbe Senate of the
' United States, and requires no further comment in
thfe communication.
NICARAGUA.
Tbe settlement of tbe question respecting tbe
port of Suo Juan de Nicaragua, and or tho contro
versy between tbe republics of Costa Itica aud Nica-
• j-agua in regard to their boundaries, whs considered
Snoispensame to the commencement of tbe ship ca
nal between tbe two oceans, which was the subject
of the Conventkm between the United States and
1 , Great Britain oftbe^Sto of April, 1850. According
ly a proposition for toe same purpose addressed
. *0 the ."— — *■ *“ J
A treaty of oommerce luu been ooneluded between
tho United States and the Oriental Bepublio of Uru
guay, which will be laid before the Senate. Should
tliU Convention go into operation, it will open to
the commercial enterprise of our citizens a country
or great extent and unsurpassed In natural resources,
but fVom which foreign nations havo hitherto been
almost wholy excluded.
LOBOS ISLANDS.
Tho correspondence of tbe late Secretaiy of Stato
wlthtbe Peruvian charge d’affaires relative to tho
Lobos Islands was communicated to Congress to
wards the close of the last session. Sinceitoat time,
ou further Investigation of tho subject, the doubts
which had been entertained of the title of Peru to
those Islands have been removed 5 and I have deem
ed It just that the temporary wrong which had been
unintentlally done her, from want of information,
should bo repaired by au unreserrod acknowledg
ment of her sovereignty. . .
I have the satisfaction to inform you that the
course pursued by Peru has been creditable to tbe
liberality of her government. Before it was known
by her that her title would be acknowledged at
Washington, her Minister or Foreign Affairs had au
thorized our charge d’affaires at Lima to announoe
to the American vessels which had gone to the Lo
bes for guano, that the Peruvian Government was
willing to freight them on its own account. This
intention has been carried into effect by tho Peru
vian Minister here, by an arrangement which is be
lieved to be advantageous to the parties in interest.
EXPEDITION TO JAPAN.
Our settlements on the shores of tho Pacific have
already given a great extension, and in some res
pects a new direction, to our commerce in that ocean.
A direct and rapidly increasing intercourse has
B up with Eastern Asia. The waters of the
m Pacific, even into the Arctic sea, have of
late veara been frequented by our whalemen. The
application of steam to the general purposes of nav
igation U becoming daily more common, and makes
it desirable to obtain fuel other necessary .supplies
at convenient points on tho route between Asia and
ourPaciflo shores. Our unfortunate countrymen
who from time to time suffer shipwreck on the coasts
of the eastern seas are entitled to protection. Be
sides these specific objects, the general prosperity
of our States on tho Pacific requires that an attempt
should be made to open the opposite regions or Asia
to a mutually beneficial intercourse. It is obvious
that this attempt could be made by no power to
so great advantage as by the United 8tates, whoso
constitutional system excludes every idea ofdUtaut
colonial dependencies. I have accordingly been
led to order an appropriate naval force to Japan,
under the command of a discreet and intelligent
officer or too highest rank known to our service.
He is instructed to endeavor to obtain from the gov
ernment of that country some relaxation of the in
hospitable and anti-social system which it has pur
sued for about two centuries. He has been directed
particularly to remonstrate in the strongest language
against the cruel treatment to which our shipwreck
ed mariners have often been subjected, and to insist
that they shall be treated with humanity. He is in
structed however at tbe same time to give that gov
ernment the amplest assurances that the objects of
tbo United States are such and such only as 1 have
indicated, and that the expedition Is friendly and
peaceful. Notwithstanding the Jealousy with which
the governments of Eastern Asia regurd all over
tores from foreigners, 1 am not without hopes of
beneficial result of toe expedition.
Should it be crowned with success, the advantages
will not be conflued to tbe United States, but, as in
the case of China, will be equally enjoyed by all tho
other maritime powers. I have much satisfaction
In stating that in all the steps preparatory to this
expedition, the Government of the United States
has been materially aided by tbe good offices of the
King of tbe Netherlands, toe only European power
having any commercial relations with Japan.
STATE DEPARTMENT.
In passlug from this survey of our foreign rela
tions, I invite tbe attention of Congress to the con
dition of that department of tbe Government to
which this branch of the public business is entrust
ed. Our intercourse with foreign powers has of late
years greatly increased, both in cousequeuce of our
own growth and tho introduction of many new states
Into the family of nations. In this way tho Depart
ment of State has become overburdened. It has, by
tbe recent establishment of the Department of tbe
Interior, been relieved of some portion of the domes
tic business. If the residue of the business of that
kind, such as the distribution of Congressional doc
uments, tbe keeping, publishing and distribution of
the laws of the United States, the execution of the
copyright law, tbe subject of reprieves and pardons,
and some other objects relating to interior admin-
iatration^hould be transferred from tbe Department
of State, it would unquestionably be for the benefit
of tbe public service. I would also suggest that the
building appropriated to tbe State Department is
not fire-nroof, that there Is reason to think there are
defects fn its construction, aud that tbe archives of
the Government in charge of the Department, with
the precious collections of tbe manuscript papers 0 ’
Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison, ani
S on roe, are exnpsed to destruction bv fire. A simi-
r roniarK may be puir* - ~
to the War aud Ni
FINANCES.
Tbe condition of tbe Treasury Is exhibited in tbo
annual report from that Department.
The cash receipts into the Treasury for t
ending tho 30th June last, exclusive of trust funds were
forty-nine millions seven hundred and twenty-eight
thousand three hundred and eighty-six dollarsand eighty
nine cents, (H9.728.380 89,) and the expenditures for
the same period, likewise exclusive of trust funds, were
forty-six million seven thousand eight hundred and nine
ty-six dollara and twenty cents, ($40,007,890 20;) or
which nine million four hundred ana fiftr-Qve thousand
eight hundred and fifteen dollars and eighty-three cents
($9,466,816 £0 was on account of the principal and in-
forest of the public debt, including the last instalment of
the indemnity to Mexico, under tbe treaty of Quad-
loupe lildalgo. leaving a balance of $14,032J30 37 in. the
Treasury on the first day of July last. Since this latter
period, further purchases of tho principal of the public
debt have been made to tbe extent of two millions four
hundred and fifty-six thousand five hundred and forty-re
" " 1 forty-nine cents, (2.466^47 49.) and the
will continue to be applied to
1 stock can be procured within
- ^—, authorised by law.
Tho value of foreign inorchandlso imported during the
last fiscal year was two hundred and seven millions two
hundred and forty thousand one hundred and one dollars,
(207,240,101;) and the value of domestic productions ex
ported was one hundred and forty-nine millions eight hun
dred and alxty-one thousand nine hundred and elcren dol
lars. (8149.8C1.911;) besides seventeen millions two hun-
dred and four thousand and twenty-six dollars (17,204,028)
ha report <
Mnvlni d... ."I
htilfornta and Oregon, our relations with theta hare
been left in a wry unsatisfactory condition.
. In other parts of our territory particular districts of
country have been set apart for tbe exclusive occupation
of the Indiana, and their right to the landa within those
limits has been acknwoledgedand respected. Out in Cali
fornia and Oregon there has been no reeqpdtion by the
Government of tho exclusive right of the Indiana to any
part of the country. They are therefore mere tenants at
su(Teranee,and liable to be driven from place to place, at
the pleasure of tho whites.
The treaties which have been rejected proposed to .
edy this evil by allotting to the different tribes districts of
country suitable to their habits of life, aud sufficient for
their support. This provision, more than any other, it la
believed, led to their rejection; and as no substitute for
it has been adopted by Congress. It has not been deemed
advisable to attempt to enter into new treaties of a per
manent character, although no effort has been spared by
temporary arrangements to preserve friendly relations
with them.
If It be tbe desire of Congress to remove them from tbe
tuntry altogether.or to assign to them particular districts
ioto remote from the settlements of tho whites, it will
s proper to ret apart by law the territory which they
to occupy, and to provldo the means necessary for re
moving them to It. Juatico alike to our own citizens and
to the Indiana requires tho prompt action of Congress on
this subject.
The amendments proposed by the Senate, to the trea
ties which were negotiated with the Bloua Indians of Min
nesota, have been submitted to the tribe who were par
ties to them and have received thoir assent. A largo
tract of valuable territory has thus been opened forscUle-
ment and cultivation, and all danger of collision with
threojowerfaland warlike bands has been happily re-
_ FLORIDA INDIANS.
The removal of tho remnant of the tribo of Seminole In
dians from Florida has long beeen a cherished object of
the Government, and It Is one to which my attention has
been steadily directed. Admonished by past experience
of the difficulty and cost of the attempt to remove them
by military force, resort has been had to conciliatory
measures. By tho Invitation of the commissioner of In-
~u»«muuu yy mv. a. mini-
iSffiSSTvr**
FORTIFICATIONS.
I that provision bo
it not only of tboM
9 of thoso who shall
dlan Adairs several of the principal cliiefa recently visited
Washington, aud whilst here acknowledged In writing the
obligation oT their tribe to remove with the least possible
delay, tote advices from the special agent of toe G<
ermuent represent that they adhere to their pron *
that a council of their people has been called
obligation o
■ * ’ ‘a advices Irom the sneclal airent (
„ iromlse, ami
people has been called to make
their preliminary arrangements. A general emigration
therefore bo confidently expected 1 ‘
LAND BALES.
The report from the general Land Office shows increased
activity In its operations. The survey oT the northern
boundary of Iowa has been completed with unexampled
dispatch. Within the last year 9.622.053 acres of public
land have been surveyedjind 8,032,403 acres brought into
market.
In the last fiscal year there were sold 1,653,071 acres.
Located with bounty land warrants 8,201,314 “
Located with other certificates 116 082 u
4,870,007
In addition there were—
Reported under 8wamp land grants 6,219,188
For internal Improvements, railroads, Ac..3,025,920
Making an aggregate of. 13.115,175*
Being an increase In the amount or lands sold and loca
ted under land warrants of 669,220 acres over the pre
vious year.
The whole amount thus sold, located under land war
rants, reported under swamp land grants, and selected for
Internal Improvements, exceeds that of the previous year
by 3£42£72 acres; and the sales would, without doubt,
have been much larger but for the extensive reservations
for railroads in Missouri. Mississippi, and Alabama.
For the quarter ending 30th September, 1852, there
were sold 243,255 a<
Located with bounty land warrants 1,387,110
located with other certificates 15,040
Reported under swamp land grants 2,485,233
Making an aggregate for the quarter of... .4,131.253 '<
Much the larger portion of tho labor of arranging and
classifying the returns of the lost census has been finish
ed. and it will now devolve upon Congress to make the
necessary provision for the publication of the results In
such form as shall be deemed best. The apportionment
of representation, on the basis of the new census, lias
been made by tho Secretary of the Interior in conformity
than can be avoided^ In tho moantirao there 1
coruin works which have been commenced—#01
of thorn nearly complotod—doeignod to protect our
principal aoaports from Boston to New Orleans,
and m fow other important points. In regard to tho
necessity for theso works, it la beliovod that little
difference of opinion exists among military men. I
therefore recommend that tho appropriations neces
sary to prosecuto them bo mado.
1 invite your attention to tho remarks on this sub
ject, and on others connooted with his Department,
contained in tho accompanying report of tho Socre-.
tary of War.
RtYBRB AND UARBORS.
Measures havo boon taken to cany into effect tho
law of the lost session making provision for tho
improvement of certain rivers and harbors, and it is
beliovod that the arrangements made for that pur
pose will combine efficiency with economy. Owing
chiefly to tho advancod season when tho act was
passed, little has yet been dono in regard to many
of tho works beyond making tho neeessaryprepara-
lions. With respect to a few of the improvements,
tho sums already appropriated will suffice to com
plete them, but moat of thorn will require additional
appropriations. 1 trust that theso appropriations
will be made, and that this wise ana benoficont
policy, so auspiciously resumed, will be oontinued.
Great caro should bo takon, however, to commence
do work which is not of sufficient importance to the
commerco of tho country to bo viewed as national
in its character. But works which have been com
menced should not bo discontinued until completed,
as otherwise the sums exponded will,in most cases,
be lost.
TUB NAVT.
The report from the Navy Doparmont will in
form you of the prosperous condition of the branch
of the public service committed to its chargo. It
presents to your consideration many topics and
suggestions of which I ask your approval. It ex
hibits an unusual degree of activity In tho opera
tions of tho Department during the past year. Tho
preparations for the Japan expedition, to which I
have already aliudod; the arrangements mado for
the exploration and survey of tho China Seas, tho
Northern Paciiio, and Bonring’B Straits; the incipi
ent measures taken towards a rcconnoissanco of too
continent of Africa eastward of Liberia; tho pre
paration for an early examination of the tributaries
of tho River La Plata, which a recent decree of tho
S rovisional chief oi tho Anrenlino Confederation
as opened to navigation; all these enterprises, and
the means by which they are proposed to bo accom-
r lished,bave commanded my full approbation, and
have no doubt will be productive of most useful
results.
Two officers of tho navy were heretofore in
structed to exploro the whole extent of tho Ama
zon liver from the confines of Fora to its mouth.
The return of one of thorn has placed in tho posses
sion of the Gpvemmcnt an interosliug and (valua
ble account of the character and resources of a
country abounding in the materials of commerce,
and which, if opened to tho industry of the world,
will provo an inexhaustiblo iund of wealth. The re
port of this exploration will bo communicated to
you os bood as it is completed.
Among othor subjects offered to your notico by
the Secretaiy of the Navy, I select for special com
mendation, fn view of its connexion with the in
terests of tho navy, tho plan submitted by him for
the establishment of a permanent corps of soatnen,
r as it can bsdono,
or legal pentltias..
Isom it my duty tooaU your
^„t,snd to recommend tost 1
•y law for tho.pttnishmi
isll soospt bribes, but si
either promise, give, or offer t<
offioere or clerics a bribe or rc
fating to any matter of their oflloiat action or duty.
NON-INTKUVr
It has been the unifon
ment from its foundation ,
■tain from all interference in the domestlo affaire of
other nations. Tho consequence has boon that
IIVRNTION.
m pplloy of tho Govom-
to tho proeont day to ab-
a In the domestlo affaire ot
wequence has boon that
whilo tbo nations of Europe havo been engaged in
dooolating ware, our country has pursued its peace
ful oourao to unexampled prosperity and happiness.
ood'tiio tmgjSrtions he^hna presented’ for the ro-or-
tlie recent elections bare been made In accordance with ganizntion of
It.
I commend to your favorablo regard the suggestion
contained in the report of the Secretary of the Interior
that prorlilons be made by law for the publication and
diatribution. periodically, of an analytical digest of all the
patents which have been, or may hereafter be, granted
for useful inventions and discoveries, with such descrip
tions and illustrations as may be necessary to present an
intelligible view of their nature and operation. The cost
of such publication could easily be defrayed out of tho
S tent fund,‘and I am persuaded that it could bo applied
no object more acccptablo to inventors and beneficial
to the publio at large.
ASYLUMS.
An appropriation of $100,000 having been made at the
last session for the purchase of a suitable site, and for the
erection, furnishing and fitting up ot an Asylum for tho
Insane of the District of Columbia, and of the Army and
Navy of the United States, the proper measures have been
adopted to carry this bcnficent purpose into effect.
Ten uuuan uiu iu(t;-uuin ccuia, i
surplus in the Treasury will out
that object, whenever tbe stock c
tho limits, as to price, authorized
of foreign merchandise exported making tbe aggregate of
the entire exports one hundred and sixty-seven millions
sixty-five thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven dollars,
($107,005,937 ;) exclusive of the above there was export
ed fortr-two millions five hundred snd seven thousand two
hundred and eighty-five dollars ($42^507,285) in specie ;
and Imported from foreign ports fivti millions two hun-
dred and sixty-two thousand six hundred and forty-three
dollars ($5^62,M3.)
THE TARIFF.
In my first annual message to Congress I called your
attention to what seemed to me some defects in the pres
ent tariff, and recommended such modifications as in my
judgment were best adapted to remedy Its evils, and
promote the prosperity of the country. Nothing luu
since occurred to change 1 * lt ‘- *— * *
two governments in that qaurter,and to
Britannlo Majesty. Besides toe wish to aid i
ooncillng toe differences of the two republics, I en
gaged in the negotiation from a desire to place the
great work of a ship canal between the two oceans
■ under one jurisdiction, and to establish the impor
tant port of Son Juan de Nicaragua under the gov
ernment of a civilized power. Tbs proposition in
question was areentyd to by Costa Rica and the Mos-
. ther negotiations on the subject which are in train
will bo retried on In that spirit of conciliation and
: compromise which ought always to prevail, on such
occasions, and that they will lead to a satisfactory
remit. V
JJKSIK
. I hare the satisfaction to inform yon that the ex
ecutive government of Venezuela has acknowledged
it claims of citloens of the United States, wbloh
e for many years past been urged by onr charge
ffalres at Oaraocas. It Is hoped that tbe aatno
6 or Justice frill actuate, tho Congress of that
idlng the means far their payment.
»U*X0» AYRES.
“ ton to Hue nos Ayre$ and tho
, *“ 4 dthe proapectof
•. w-ji-r - ,Mfat quarter! the
i free accom or their commerce to. the «•
1 counttkewateredbythetributaries c*
U l qnd Ufy nn Jtnwidty notice ol
• of the uulivu tiUtvei that w# wight I
Without
« my views ou this .important
repeating tbe arguments contained in my for-
. i«,in favor of discriminating, protective duties,
deem it my duty to call your attention to due or two
other considerations affecting tills subjest. The first U,
thff effect of large importation! of foreign goods upon our
currency. Most of tub gold of California, as fast as it is
coined, find* its wsy directly to Europe In payment for
roods purchased. In tbe second place, as our manufac
turing establishments are broken down by competition
with foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thous
ands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out of
employment snd the fanner to that extent is deprived of
a home market for the sale of his surplus produce. In
tbe third place, the destruction of our manufactures
leaves the foreigner without competition in our market
and he consequently raises the price of the article sent
here for tale, as is now seen in tbo increased cost of iron
imported from England. The prosperity and wealth of
every nation must depend upon its productive industry.
The farmer la stimulated to exertion by finding a ready
market for his surplus products, and benefitled by being
able to exchange them, without loss of time nr expense
of transportation, fortne manufactures which his com
fort or convenience requires. This is always done to the
best advantage where a portion of the community in
whlcc he lives is engaged in other pursuits. But moat man
ufactures require an amount of capital and practical skill
which cannot be'eommanded. unless they be protected
for a time from ruinous competition from abroad.
Hence the necessity of laying those duties upon Impor
ted goods which the Constitution authorizes for revenue,
in such a manner aa to protect and encourage the labor
of our owq citizens. Duties however should not be fixed
at a rate so high aa to exclude the foreign article, but
should be so graduated as to enable the domestic manu
facturer fairly to compete with the foreigner in our own
own markets, and by this competition to reduce tbe price
of the manufactured article to the customer to the low
est rate at which it can be produced. This policy would
place the meclianie by the side of the farmer, create a
mutual interchange of their respective commodities, and
thus stimulate the industry of the whole country, and
render us independent of foreign nations for the supplies
required by the habits or necessities of the people.
Another question, wholly Independent of protection,
presents itself, and that is, whether the duties levied
should be upon tbe value of tho article at the place of
shipment, or, where it Is practicable, a specific duty, gra
duated according to quantity, as ascertained by weight or
measure. All our duties are at present ad valorem. A
certain per centage is levied on the price of tbe goods at
the port or shipment in a foreign country. Mr *
merdal nations have found It indispensable, for 1 ....
pose of preventing fraud and perjury, to make the duties
specific whenever the article Is of such a uniform value
In weight or measure as to justify such a duty. Legisla
tion should Merer encourage dlshonestyor crime. It is
Impossible that the revenue officers at the port where thi
goods are entered and the duties paid should know witli
certainty what they cost in the foreign country. Yet tbe
. law require* (hat they should levy the duty according to
such cost. They arq therefore compelled to resort to
very unsatisfactory evidence to ascertain wbat that coat
was. They take the invoice of the Importer, atteste I by
his oath, as th* brat evidence of which the nature of the
ease admits. But every one must Me that the invoioe
may be fabricated, and the oath by which It I* supported
false, by reason of which the dishonest importer pay* »
part only of tiie duties which aro paid by tbe honest one,
and thus Indirectly receive# from the treasury of toe U.
States a reward for his fraud and perjury. The reports of
ths Secretary of the Treasury heretofore made on tills
subject show conclusively that these frauds have been
praetioed to a great extent,
The tendenoy Is to destroy tiiat high moral eharaeter
for which our merchants hava long been distinguished j
MEXICAN BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
By the late advices from the Mexican Boundary I
mission it appears that tho survey of the river Gila, (rom
its confluence with the Colorado to its supposed intersec
tion with the western line of New Mexico, has been corn-
completed. The survey of the Rio Grande has also been
finished from the point agreed on by the Commissioners
at u the point where it strikes the southern boundary of
New Mexico” to a point one hundred and thlrty-fivo miles
below Eagle Pass, which Is about two-thirds of the dis
tance along the course ot the riror to its mouth.
Tho appropriation which was made at the last
session ol > Congress for tho continuation of the
vev is subject to tho following proviso:
" Provided, That no part of sWs appropriation
shall bo used or exp^oti until it shall bo made
iury for the fiscal year satisfactorily to appear to the President of tho
“ 4 —‘ United States that the southern boundary of Now
Mexico is not established by tho commissioner and
surveyor of tho United States farther north of tho
town called ‘Pam’ than tho samo is laid down in
Disturnell’s map, which is added to the treaty."
My attontioa was drawn to this subject by a re
port flora tho Department of tho Interior, which
reviowed all the facts of tho case, and submitted
for my decision the question whether, under ex
isting circumstances, any part of tho appropriation
could be lawfully used or expended for tho further
prosecution of tho work. After a careful consido-
ation of tho subject, I came to the conclusion that
t could not, and so informed the head of that de-
mrtment. Orders were immediately issued by him
0 tho commissioner and surveyor to make no fur
ther requisitions on tho Department, as thoy could
not bo paid; and to discontinue all operations on
tho southern lino of New Mexico. But os tho De
partment had no exact information os to tho amount
of provisions and money which remained unex
pended in tho hands of the commissioner and sur
veyor, it was left discretionary with them to con
tinue tbo ^surveydowntheRio Grande as far os the
means at their disposal would enable them, or at
once to disband the Commission. A special mes
senger has sinco arrived from the officer in chargo
of the survey on tho rivor, with information that
the funds subject to his control wore exhausted, and
that tho officers and others employed in the servico
were destitute alike of tho means of prosecuting
tho work and of returning to their homes.
The object of tbe proviso was doubtless to arrest
1 he survey of the southern and western lines of New
Mexico, in regard to which different opinions have
»ecn expressed; for it i* hardly to be supposed that
there could be any objection to that part of the line
which extends along the channol of the Rio
Grande. But tho terms of the law are so broad as
to forbid the use oi any part of tho money for the
prosecution of the work, or even for the payment to
the officers and agents of the arrearages of pay
which are justly due to them.
1 earnestly invite your prompt attention to this
subject, and recommend a modification of the
terms of the proviso so as to enable the Department
to use as much of tho appropriation os will be
necessary to discharge tho existing obligations of
ho Government, andto complete tho survey of tho
lio Grando to its mouth.
It will also be proper to mako further provision
by law for tho fulfilment of our treaty with Mexico
for running and marking the residue of tbe boun
dary line between tbe two countries.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Permit me to invito your particular attention to
the interests of tho District of Columbia, which are
confided by tho Constitution to your peculiar carst
Among tho measures which seem to mo of tho
eatest importance to its prosperity, are tho intro-
lction of a copious supply of water into the city of
Washington, and tho construction of suitablo
bridges across tho Potomac to roplaco those which
were destroyed by high water in tho oarly part of
the present year.
At the last seanon of Congress an appropriation
was mado to defray the cost of the surveys noces-
~ iry for determining the best means of affording an
.Mailing supply of good and wholesome water.
Some progress has been mado in tho survey, and aa
soon os it fa completed the result will bo laid before
you.
Further aj
grading am
chargod%rn to the best ot my humblo ability,
with a alnglo eye to tbo publio good { and Ufa with
dovout gratitude, In retiring ftom office, that 1 loaro
Wmnimioii, Dwcmtmr», IBM,
THE REPUBLICAN
SAVANNAH, OA,
iriations will also bo necessary for
grading and paving the streets and avonues, ana en
closing and embellishing tbo public grounds within
tho city of Washington.
I commend all these objects, together with tho
charitable institutions of tho District, to your favor-
ablo regard.
INDIANS AGAIN.
Every effort has been made to protect our fron
tier, and that of tho adjoining Mexican States, from
me incursions of tho fndtan tribes. Of about 11.000
thon which the army fa composed, noarly 8,000 are
employed in tho defence of tbo newly-acquired ter
ritory, (including Texas,) and of emigrants pro
ceeding thereto. I am gratified to say that these
efforts have boon unusually successful. With tho
exception of some partial outbreaks in California
and Oregon, and occasional depredations on a por
tion of too Rio Grande, owing, it fa believed, to tho
disturbed state of that border region, the inroads oi
tbo Indians have boon effectually restrained.
Exporionco has shown however, that whenever
tbe two races are broucht into contact, collisions
will inovitsbly occur. To prevent theso collisions
the United States have generally set apart portions
of their territory for tbo exclusive occupation of the
Indian tribes. A difficulty occurs, however, in the
application of this policy to Tort*. By tho torma
ot tho compact by which that State was admit tot
into the Union, she retained the ownership of al
the vacant landa within horlimita. Tho govern
ment of that Stato, it fa understood, has assigned r
portion of hor territory to tho Indiana; but as ftu.
aa her aetUuments advanoo lay* it off into counties,
and nrocoeds to survoy ana soil it. Tills policy
manifestly tends, not only to alarm and Irritato the
Indians, but to oompcl thorn to rosortto plunder for
subsistence, it also deprives this Government of
that influonoe ana oontrol over tb*m without which
no durstilo peaoo can •ver exist between them and
too whites. I trust, therefore, that a dua regard for
hor qwn Inferem, apart from oowUeratlouaof hu-
ilgn
ganizntion of tho Naval Academy.
In reference to the first of these, I take occasion
to say that I think it will greatly improve tho effi
ciency of the Berviee, and that I regard it as still
more entitled to favor for tho salutary influence it
must oxert upon tho naval discipline, now greatly
disturbed by the increasing Bpirit oi insubordina
tion, resulting from our present system. Tho plan,
proposed for the organization ot tno seamen fur
nishes a judicious substitute for the law oi Septem
ber, 1850, abolishing corporal punishment, and sat
isfactorily sustains the policy of that act, under con
ditions well adapted to maintain the authority of
command and tho order and security of our stupe.
It is belioved that any change which proposes per
manently to dispense with this modo of punish
ment. should be preceded by a system of enlistment
which shall supply the navy with seamen of tho
most meritorious class, whose good deportment and
pride of character may preclude all occasion for a
resort to penalties of a harsh or degrading nature.
The Bafety of a ship and hor crew fa often depend
ant upon immediate obedience to a command, nnd
the authority to enforce it must bo equally ready.
Tho arrest of a refractory seaman, in Buch mo
ments, not only deprives the ship of indispensable
aid, but imposes a neceasity for double service on
others whoso fidelity to their duti<>s may bo relied
upon in such an emergency. Tho exposure to this
<ntu««eed and arduous labor, since the passage of
too act of 1850. has already had, to a most observ-
abblo and injurious extent, tbe effect of preventing
tho enlistment of tho best aeamen in the navy. Tho
S ian now suggested fa designed to promote a con-
Ition of service in which this objection will no
no longor exist. The details of this plan may bo
established in grent part, if not altogether, by tho
Executive, under tho authority of existing faws;
but 1 hnve thought it proper, in nccordanco with tho
suggestion of the Secretary of the Navy, to submit
it to your approval.
Tho establishment of a corps of apprentices for
tho navy, or boys to be enlisted until they become
of age, and to bo employed under such regulations
as tne Navy Department may devise, as proposed
in the report, I cordially approve and commond to
your consideration; and 1 also concur in the sug
gestion that this system for tho oarly training of
seamen may bo most usefully engrafted upon the
services of our merchant marine.
Tho other proposition of tho report to which I re
ferred—tho reorganization of the Naval Academy—
I recommend to your attention as a project worthy
of your encouragement and support. The valuable
services already rendered by this institution entitle
it to the continuance of your fostering care.
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Your attention is respectfully colled to the report
of the Postmnster General for tho detailed opera
tion of his Department during tho last fiscal year,
from wbioh it will bo seen that the receipts from
postages for that timo were less by $1,431,696 than
for tho preceding fiscal year, being a decrease of
about 23 per cent.
This diminution fa attributable to the reduction in
the rate* of postage made by tho act of March 3,
1851, which reduction took effect at tho commence
ment of tho-last fiscal year.
Although in its operation during the last year
the act referred to hns not fulfilled the predictions
of its friends by increasing the correspondence of
tho country in proportion to the reduction of pos
tage, I should nevertheless question tho policy of
returning to higher rates. Experience warrants tbe
expectation that os tho community becomes aceus-
tod to cheap postage, correspondence will increase.
It is belioved that from this cause, and from the ra
pid growth of the countiy in population and busi-
lcss, the receipts of tho Department most ultimate-
y exceed tho expenses, and that the country may
safely rely upon tho continuance of the present
cheap rate of postage.
MISCELLANEOUS RECOMMENDATIONS.
In former messages, I have, among other things
respectfully recommended to the consideration of
Conm-ess the propriety and necessity of further
legislation for tho protection and punishment of
foreign consuls residing in tho United States; to
revivo with certain modifications tho act of 10th
March, 1838, to restrain unlawful military expedi
tions against tho inhabitants of conterminous States
territories; for tl»o preservation and protection
.. Am mutilation or theft of tbo papers, records, and
archives of the nation; for authorizing tho surplus
revenuo to be applied to tho payment of tho public
debt in odvanco of the time when it will become
due; for the establishment of lnnd offices for the
sale of tho public lands in California and the Ter
ritory of Oregon; for the construction of a road
from the Mississippi valley to the Pacific ocean;
for the establishment of a bureau of agriculture for
the promotion of that interest, perhaps tho most
important in tho country; for the prevention of
frauds upon tho Government in applications for
pensions and bounty lands: for tho establishment of
a uniform fee bill,prescribing a specific compensa
tion for every service required of clerks, district at
torneys, and marshals; for authorizing an additional
regiment of mounted men, for the defence of our
frontiers against tho Indians, and for fulfilling our
treaty stipulations with Mexico to defend hor.citi-
zens against the Indians "with equal diiigonce and
energy as our own;" for determining tho relative
took betweon tho naval and civil officers in our
Public "hips, and between the officers of the Army
and Navy in tho various grades of each; for reor-
ganiang the naval establishment by fixing tho
number of officers in each grodo, and providing for
a retired list upon roducedf pay of those unfit for
active duty; for proscribing and regulating punish
ment in toe navy; for the appointment of a com
mission to revise tho publio statutes of tho United
States, by arranging them in order, supplying de
ficiencies, correcting incongruities, simplifying their
language, and reporting them to Congress tor its
final action; and for tho establishment of a com
mission to adjudicate and settle private claims
against tho United States. 1 am not aware, how-
over, that any of theso subjects have been finally
acted upon By Congress. Without repeating tho
reasons for legislation nn these subjects which
hays boon assigned in former messages, I respect
fully recommend them again to your favorable con
sideration.
1 think it due to tho several Executivo Depart
ment* ol tho Government to boar teatlmony to too
omciency and integrity with which they are con*
ducted. Withall thocarelul superintendence which
it fa poesible for the Heads of tooso Department* to
exorcise, Mill tho duo administration and guardian*
•hip of tho publio monoy must very much dcjiend
°n tha vigilanoo, Intelligence, and fidelity of 1
ibordinnto offioora and olorks, and especial!
ful courso to unexampled proeperi
The wars in which wo have boon compollod'to en
gage, in defence of tho rights and honor of tho
country, havo boon lortunately of short duration.
During tho torrifio contest of nation against nation,
which succeeded the French revolution, we wore
ennbled by tho wisdom and firmness of Prosidont
Washington to mnintain our neutrality. While
other nations wore drown into this wide-sweeping
whirlpool, wo sat qulot and unmoved upon our own
shores. While tho flower of thoir nuraorous armies
was wasted by disease or perished by hundreds of
thousands upon the batlle-flold, the youth of this
favored land were permitted to enjoy the blessings
of peace beneath the paternal roof. While tno
States of Europo incurred enormous dobts, under
tho burden of which thoir subjects still groan, and
which must absorb no small part of tho product of
tho honest industry of those countries for genera- -
tions to como, tho United States havo once been
enabled to exhibit tho proud spectaclo of a nation
freo irom publio debt; and, if permitted to pursuo
our prosperous way for a few years longor in peace,
wo may do the same again.
But it fa now said by sorao that this policy must-
be changed. Europo is no longer sopnrated from
us by a voyage of months, but steam navigation has
brought her within a few days’ sail of our shores.
Wo see more of her movements, and tako a deeper
interest in hor controversies. Although no one pro
poses that we should join the fraternity of poten
tates who havo for ages lavished tho blood and
treasure of their subjects in maintaining “ too bal-
aneo of power,” yet it fa said that we ought to in
terfere between contending sovereigns and thoir
subjocts tor the purpose of overthrowing the mon
archies of Luropo and establishing in their place
republican institutions. It is alleged that we have
heretofore pursued a different course from a senso of
our weakness, but that now our conscious strength
dictates a change of policy, and that it fa conse
quently our duty to mingle in these contests and aid
those who aro struggling for liberty.
This fa a most seductive but dangerous appeal to
tho generous sympathies of freemen. Enjoying as
we do the bicasings of a free gpvomment, there fa
no man who has an American neart that would not
rqjoico to seo theso blessings extended to all other
nations. We cannot witness the struggle between
the oppressed nnd his oppressor anywhere without
the deepest sympathy for tho formor, nnd the most
anxious desire for hfa triumph. Nevertheless, fa it
f irudent or fa it wise to involve ourselves in these
breign wars 1 Is it indeed true that wo have here
tofore refrained from doing so morely irom the de
grading motive of s conscious weakness ? For the
Honor of tho patriots who have gone before us,
I cannot admit it. Men of tho Revolution who
drew the sword against the oppressions of tho
mother country, nnd pledged to Heaven "thoir
lives, thoir fortunes, and their sacred honor” to
maintain their freedom, could never have been
nctuuted by so unworthy a motive. Thoy knew no
weakness or fear where right or duty pointed the
way, and it fa a libel upon thoir fair fume for us,
whilo we enjoy the blessing for which they so nobly
fought and bled, to insinuate it. The truth fa
that tho course which they pursued was dic
tated by a stem Bonso of international justice,
by a statesmanlike prudenco and a far-seeing wis
dom, looking not merely to tho present necessities
but to tho permanent safety and interest of the
country. Thoy know that the world is governed
less by sympathy than by reason nnd force 5 that
it was not possible for this nation to become a
"propagandist” of freo principles without arraying
againstlt tho combined powers of Europo 5 nnd that
tho result was more likely to bo the overthrow of
republican liberty hero than its establishment
there. History hns been written in vain for thoso
who can doubt this. Franco had no sooner estab
lished a republican form of government than she
manifested a desire to force its blessings on all tho
world. Her own historian informs us thnt, henr
ing of some petty acts of tyranny in a neighboring
principality, "Tho National Convention do-
clarod that she would nfford succor nnd fraternity,
'to all nations who wished to recpvor thoir liberty;
'and she gave it in chargo to the executive powor
'to givo orders to tho generals of the French
' armies to aid all citizens who might have been
‘or should be oppressed in the cause oi liberty.”
Hero was tho false Btop which led to hor subsequent
misfortunes. She soon found hersolf involved in
war with all the rest of Europo. In less than ton
years her government was changed from a republic
to an empire; and Anally, after shedding rivers oi
blood, foreign powers restored her exiled dynasty,
and exhausted F.uropo Bought poace and reposo in
tho unquestioned ascendancy of monarchical prin
ciples. Let us learn wisdom from her axnmplo.
Let us remember that revolutions do not al
ways establish freedom. Our own freo insti
tutions were not the offepring of our Revolution.
They existed before. They wore planted in tho
free charters of self-government under which tho
English colonies grow up, and onr Revolution only
freed us from tho dominion of a foreign power,
whose government was at variance with those in
stitutions. But European nations have had no suoh
training for solf-government, and every effort to
establish it by bloody revolutions has been, and
must, without that preparation, continuo to bo a
failure. Liberty, unregulated by law degen
erates into anarchy, which soon becomes the
most horrid of all despotisms. Our policy is wiso-
ly to govern ourselves, and thereby to set such
an example of national justice, prosperity, and
true glory, ns shall teach to all nations tho bloss-
ings of self-government, and tho unparalleled en
terprise and success of a freo people.
FROQRE8S.
Wo live in an age of progress, and ours fa em-
ihatically a country of progress. Within tho last
mlf century tho number of States in this Union has
nearly doubled, tho population has almost quadru
pled, and our boundaries have beon exlondod from
ho Mississippi to tho Pacific. Gur territory is
chequered over with railroads, and furrowed with
canals. Tho inventivo talent of our country fa ex
cited to the highest pitch, and tho numerous appli
cations for patents for valuable improvements dis
tinguish this ago and this people from all othors —
Tho genius ofono American hns enabled our com
merco to movo against wind and tide, and that of
another has annihilated distance in tho transmission
of intelligence. Tho whole country fa fall of cn-
erprfae. Our common schools are diffusing Intel-
igence among the people, and our industry is fast
accumulating the comforts and luxuries of 1 ife. This
: s in part owing to our peculiar position, to our fer-
Daily Paper $8, Tri-Weekly $0, Per Annum,
BY J. L. LOCKE & CO.
P. W. ALEXANDER, ASSOCIATE EDITOR,
TUE8UAY MORNING. DfiOt 7,1852.
ery
ra-
... on-
: idenco that hfa person and property will be pro
tected by tho laws. But whatevor may bo tho
5 si oxiHHW them to all (lie tempts*
mswiiMi iIm cupidity of pooul**
ngago in any useful pursuit, accoi
e or inclination, and to the entire ec
municipal Election*
The election for Mayor and Aldermen yesterday, paw
ed off quietly. The nutnbor of vote* polled woe 1187.
On account of our largo edition, and tho tale hour at
which the votes were counted out this morning, we are
unable to give the offloial result. When we loti the
Court House at one o’clock, Dr. It. Watnb, the Demo-
creticcandidate for Mayor, was undoubtedly elected by
a majority of upwards of800. It wss also placed beyond
doubt that tho entire Democratic ticket waa elected by a
Urge majority.
PaasiDBNT’a Messaok.—We publish this document
intxlnuo this morning. It was read in both Houses of
.Congress yesterday, and os soon as the fact could be com
municated by telegraph to the Postmaster hora, we were
foralshed with a copy for publication. Tho popv was
handed to us at twenty minutes to 4 o’clock in the after
noon, and we published it In an extra at half-past six.
The Message is an able and conservative* state paper,
abounding in practical suggestions, and written Id a
simple and unambitious stylo. In many respects, It re
minds us of the Messages of the earlier Presidents. It
cannot foil to command the serious attention of tho Intel
ligent reader, both for the matter U contains and the
manner In which It la discussed.
Book Notices*
We are Indebted to tiie publishers for copies of tbe
following elegant works, which may bo seen at the book
store of Messrs. J. M. Coorsa It Co.
drawings, nnd a foe simile of the manuscript of each
author. New York: 8. P. Putnam It Co.
It Is customsry every day to speak, and with great pro
priety, of tbe astonishing progress ofthis country of our*.
In nothing perhaps is this Improvement more perceptible
than In the great variety, and elegance of the books now
Issued from the American press. Any one who will com
pare, for example, the illustrated works of this day with
those Issued only fifteen or twenty yesrs ago will bo for
cibly struck with the truth of this remark. It Is not many
years since, that the annuals prepared for Christmas and
New Year’s presents were in almost all respeeta Imper
fect and foully—wanting In short In all those beauties of
artistic finish which should distinguish such works. Now,
we have them issued by some publishing houses In a
style which leaves nothing to be desired.
The work whoso title precedes this notice Is one of
this stamp, and Mossra. Putnam k. Co. in Issuing it, have
raised, if pcsstblo,yet higher the acknowledged standard
ot taste which they have assigned for themselves. We
find the book elegant throughout—deficient In nothing,
whilo the personal memoirs of the authors are writteu In
a style emlnontly classical and attractive. We have not
the slightest hesitation in predicting that tho Intelligent
publio will confirm our decision. Tiie names of thoso
Introduced Into this volume are Aububon, (who by the
way was bora iu Louisiana lu 1770,) Pauidiug, Irving,
Bryant, Bancroft, Dana, Prescott, Miss Bedgwlck, Cooper,
Everett, Emerson, fllmms, Longfellow, Itawthonie, Web
ster, Kennedy nnd Lowell. A second volume will con
clude the list.
Thou who look over tho work will find that our fa
vorite authors are well kotuid, and that the time hu
passed when raon can not live by literary tabor.
Tux Book or tub IIkart, or Love’s Emblems. New-
York, D. Appleton 4c Co.
This beautiful volume, adorned by tblrty-three steel
engravings, is rendered doubly valuable by the choice
and interesting reading matter it contains; it Is rich In
graceful conceits and pure uutlmenta, to which tho Iras*
hearted will Joyfully respond, even amid the bustle and
aburplion ot “ work, work, work.” It la also a great
improvement upon thie elate of books, for hitherto, the
attractive appearance of their exterior has been seldom
equalled, ae in the volume before us, by pleasing and In
structive narrative.
This volume has been very wisely filled wllhuiectlona
from known and admired authors in illustration of its
subject, rather than with the crude and Insignificant
productions which are ordinarily admitted Into such
books, for tho sake merely of having original artlelee,
—too oRen substituting novelty for hum or moral.
We tako great pleasure In commending It as an ae-
eeptable and appropriate offering for the season. The
volume throughout reflects the highest credit on tbe
taste and liberality of Messrs. Appleton & Co.
Tna Gist roa all Bkasons. New-York: D. Appleton
& Co.
This little work has boon prepared with much care
and taste, aud Is beautified with ten steel engravings.
Its altn is to mingle with tbe entertainment of a leisure
hour, eome useful lessons for the conduct of life.
Apparently trivial then as such works generally are,
they have an important use, and the thoughts they con
vey are strengthened by having beon presented (In many
Instances) to tho attention of the reader as tributes o r
friendship.
ulnolIvt.lMI. On III. eoul Ht.n oll.tr wL'l 1 , 1 » "
jmckri. A Turkl.li ljrlff, Wlb.ntu.bl. oJIL’K
tbu rr n7’.,„bk.,". | o.b n, diidiBL***
welluUui orifcw.r. p lll,Mdb. l 2
Arabs, bat tbs Governor General h as depatched a sw!
fores to arrest tba ringleaders, and to. demand ths mi
eaKattttggaMSlBs
or thirty Uvea also lost. Walls that baVeWn^
dred. of years were blown down, and Se wStoWS 1,
aea rushed Into the harbor with tremendous ^ lorti!Hi
The U. S. sioop-of-war SL Louis, D. N. Iner,i,.j.
Commander, bound from Tuul. to Tripoli, .ncouni,,*,’
tbo(ilo wheno!7 tbo const of Tripoli, tod u btllnin?*
b- ono of th. lb, kernel. ,b.t .umlkVh, “bbwt
od Ibkt tf the into bid luted ten houu lower ib! Z!
would liuro been driven ttahore, ’ ™
mote lUvitu.—The iteimitilp niuk
Wu hu nrrired It Mobile with .drier, front
tbo lid bub, from which wo (umtburthmlisJSi!
muto tod craw of tbo American ihlo Xml, (MfSt’kll
been Impriioncd on tbo chugo of lt.rlmr.d.J ttn’,.1
tor tbo etuvfl tmdto utd he,l. e ^nipped
“uT* W “ °° n °“'“brittih
Tbo U. S. wer iteemor fUu. wu to bun Ml on tk.
Sd Inst., for Washington, with tbo Coomb. . '
olelon In tb« coeo ofCepL Grey. ““teretene.
I..TKK rnott Ttte Datum Iei»in>i_Adkleeih.r.
beon received fttm Nassau to tbe lflth nit From il*
28th of October to the 12th ulfo there had £2 &
deaths there from cholera, On receivingthenSL. 100 *
the death of Webster the American flag was dlinhl^f
at hair-raast, by the United States Consu® andthsiffi
flag from all Ibe publio buildings and the forts.” "
The wt-lron light-house erected on the northern biatt
-oBS
thellght burned beautifully, and the flashes ateacKS
c ®S d . nR ff >v .°,l ul .L on exceedingly beautlfoL
John P. Walker, the Crown Commissioner, had dint
of prevailing fover at Turk’s Island. M aiw *
Au infomous attempt waa made, .according to n>.
Forth, on the 5th of September, by. a foreigner named
Montclair, but fortunately It was unsuccessful.
Only sixty thousand bushels of salt have been raktd
his year, at Rum Cay, a great foiling off compared vlth
year,when seven and eight buffi
orwhlch was the
Death of lllr. Oomlcr*
We regret to notice the death, at Wilmington Island,
on Friday 1 ist, of our friend Air. A. G. Okmli*. He died
of old age (bclug 7D years old) but In the complete pos
session of all hlsfoeultles.
Mr. Okmlbr was, wo believe, a native of Lelpslc, Ger
many. He emigrated to this country many years since.
He has been long and favorably known in this city for
his honesty and integrity, and many other sterling quali
ties. He followed here a successful business for some
years, but always found leisure moments to give to his
favorite pursuit of horticulture, devoting blmsolf at the
same time to some or the physical sciences. He has died
with tbe respect and esteem or all those who had the
happiness of enjoying bis confidence.
man feels to cl
: og to hfa taste
. may L
cause ofthis unparalleled growth in population, in<
tolligonce, and wealth, ono thing fa dear, that the
Government must keep pace with the progress oi
the people. It must participate in their spirit oi
enterprise, and while it exacts obedicncoto tho
aws, and restrains all unauthorized invasions of the
rights of neighboring States, it should foster and
irotcct home industry, und lend its powerful strength
o the improvement of such means of intercommu
nication as *nro necessary to promote our internal
commerco and strengthen tho tics which bind us
together as a peoplo.
FILLIBUSTIERINO.
It fa not strange, however much it may bo regret
ted, that such an exuberance of enterprise should
cause somo individuals to mistake chango for pro
gress, and tho invasion of the rights of others for
national prowess and glory. Tho former are con
stantly agitating for somo change in tho organic
law, or urging now nnd untried theories of human
rights. The latter aro ever ready to engage in anv
wild crusade against a neighboring people, rogara-
ess of tho justice of the enterprise, ana without
ooking at tho fatal consequences to ourselves and
to the cause of popular government. Such expedi
tions, however, aro often stimulated by mercenary
individuals, who expect to share the plunder or profit
of the onterpriso without exposing thomsol ves to dan
ger,snd aro led on by some irresponsible foreign
er, who abuses the boapitality of our own Govern
ment by seducing the young and Ignorant to join in
tis scheme of personal ambition or revenge, under
the false and delusive pretence of extending the
area of freedom. Theso reprohonsible aggressions
but retard tho truo progress of our nation and tar
nish its fair fame. They should, therefore, receive
tho indignant frowns of every good citizen who
sincerely loves his country and takes a prido in its
prosperity and honor.
THE CONSTITUTION.
Our Constitution, though not Perfect, fa doubtless
tho best that over was formed. (i Therefore fetover^
od. and
Every, pa-
propoeition to change it be woll woIl_
found beneficial, cautiously adopted. Every |
triot will rejoice to see its authority so exerted __
to advance the prosperity and honor of tho nation,
whilst he will watch with joalouay any attempt to
mutilate this chnrtor of our liberties, or pervert its
powers to acts of aggreetlon and injustice. Thus
■hall conservatism ana progress blond thoir har
monious action in preserving tho form and spirit
of tho Constitution, and at the samo timo carry
forward tho groat improvements of tho country
with a rapidity and onergy which freemen only can
display.
CONCLUSION.
In closing this, my lost annual communication,
permit mo, follow-tutizons, to congratulate you on
iho prosperous condition of our bolovod country.
Abroad its relations with all foreign powers are
friendly, its rights are rcspoctcd, spa Its high place
in tho family of nations choerfully recognized.
At homo wo enjoy an amount of happiness, publio
and pjlyato, whloh has probably novor fallen to the
lot of any other poople. Besides affording to our
fori
..
Itnuqn
ous by Olirfailiprs. and
lo irsiiNiiit iu all ilieir
Va owo those hloMinja, under Hoavi
-• —Ututiqn and * 1
svpn. to tho
flovornmoiit .which wore
and whloh Ills our
iniogrliy to our
How it Povss I—No leu than 53 bags of mall matter
were received by the Northern and Western mails, at tbe
Post Office in this city, laat evening.
Mauio Ddplicatino Papkr.—Mr. R. F. Bacaxs, the
manufacturer or this wonderful article, arrived in the
city lost evening, and has taken rooms for a few days at
the Marshall House, where It would give him pleasure to
wait upon the citizens of Savannah. See advertisement
in another column.
Tna Fins Arts.—It will bo seen that Mr.OaavaAU,
who was well end favorably known scan artist In tills
city some years since, has returned to exercise bis art
among us again, after n long absence. Mr. 0. left many
works here, by which ho bos been well remombered.
Specimens of some or his recent pointings in miniature
may be seen on our round table. *
Tbe mention of Mr. C.’s name brings to our recollec
tion the only true and faithful picture of Savannah (as It
existed when he was here) that we bare ever seen. It
Is now in tbe counting room of Meure. Brigham 4c Car-
hart In New York, and would be a most valuable acqui
sition to our Council Chamber, if U could be purohased
from them. Tho view is taken from the old Exchange,
and it Is a satisfactory one In overy respect.
Mr. McAllutss, accompanied by Madame MoA m and
Mr. Wkstok, agent, arrived In town last night from Now
York via. Charleston. Thoy will present their first magi
cal soiree on next Thursday evening. We are pleased to
announce that Madame MoAllistbr has recovered suffi
ciently from her illness to take part in tbe representations.
PiRroMCB, &c., ice.—Otirfriends Messrs. J. M. Cootir
Jc Co., It is well known, keep on hand an excellent as
sortment of books, stationary, Ice., but we were not un
til recently aware that thoy havo also articles for the
toilet. Wo are Indebted to thorn for some specimens of
superior quality.
The first one we take up Is "Harriton't Ambrotial
Shaving Cream." This artlclo is put up In gloss deli
cately clouded, and altogether Is superior in quality and
style or preparation to tho celobrated article of Outrlain
in Paris. In Ibis Harrison makes good his rather pre
sumptuous boast, that "though Parit hat ltd, the United
Statu shall henceforth lead."
The next thing in order, Is some "Rote Soop n —t per
fume of itself, also prepared by Harrison.
Then we have bofore us "Harriton't Toilet Powder.”
and his “Caroline Bouquet Extractboth possessed of
the most nicely balanced and dollcato fragrance.
Harrison evidently understands the true French meth
od of rcoommendlng his cosmetics etc.—Hear him for
example speak of a perfume which he styles his “ Up
per Ten Extract," Ilesajst—
“ IU title has a double significance. It Is composed
of ton primary odors, tho most richly delicate of al
elementary perfumes. It is dedicated to a class In society
distinguished by refinement. It la addressed to those
persons of tasteful elegance, In whose cultivated sensL
b lilies resides.a peroeptlon of odors, comprehensive,
discriminatingandqelicatcj to those who can approcT
ato the blsnd lnfluance of a rich bouquet or the purest
simple odors, eo Justly proportioned and - artistically
blended that from It flowaaharatonloui whole) that re-
allies in lu effeeu the highest desire.”
BLVrrrox AoADaMr.—Our rcodors will observe the
advertisement ofthis Academy, situated In the yory
healthy and pleasant village of OlnDton, not for from
hence, In Souih Carolina. Ws will venture to remark
on our own personal knowledge, that fow gentlemen, if
any, In tho South, are better qualified for lbs obargo
of an Academical Institution than tits Rev. Mr. Bsa-
■book, He Is not only* scholwybtil a gentleman—
endowed with prudence, discretion, good Judgment, and
above all with tiiat practical knowledge and pleasing
address so Important to UtOM who hava chargs of the
education of young persons.
Lou Month made her debut Is Charleston but night
'fathsoltitracfarof The Meld e/Stregtiic,
oneh W
ofwhfeh was the produee or tastVear, which hTO^
mained on hand. Several, vessels arriving at Rum cK
?Lo!ig^taK“ bl# 10 ° bW “ ,a PP Ue, »"» d proceeded
The Memphis papers announce tbe defith In that di?
of Hon. J. W. CaocEKT, formerly Representative In Co#,
gross, and son of the late Hon, David Gboorstt.
PmuMumiA, Dec. l.-Tbe Whig who obligated hha-
•eir to saw half of a cord of wood, If Pierce and King
were elected, fulfilled the task this afternoon, In Arc*
street, before a targe crowd or spectators.
IXrOSTAKT RaVOLUTlONASY Movkmxht.— Tbs
schooner Maty Ellen at New Orleans, seven. days from
Tampico, reports that a great revolution bad takes
place In the’Sute of Taumlllpas, and that Victoria, tbs
Capital, had fallen into the hands of the insurgents, who,
ft was momentarily expected, would attack TUmplco.
Tna Oalobic Siur.—The N. Y. Journal of Commerce
stales that the wheel or the calorie ship, building by Mr.
Erlccson, performed IU first revolution on Monday last,
the motive power being more than the expansive forte
of compressed air, «N*Mlerf. No fire waa used In thu
Instance, the elasticity of the natural atmosphere being
sufficient for tbo desired purpose 1
TaaMSHDous Exi-losion.—PaiLADiUMA, Dee. Jb-A
section canal boat at plane No. 7, ou the Portage rood,
loaded with 23 kegs ot powder, caught fire this afternoon,
14 miles from Altona, Pa. It blew up with a tremendoui
report, shaking the town and (earing up 3 rods of tbs
track. *No ono was Injured, all having escaped as sooa
aa the boat took fire.
Extbnsivr Coal Fuid,—The most extensive cos
field In the world commences nosr Carrollton, Ky, snd
runs through Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa, contslniig
about 80,000 square miles, of which a tenth part orabou
8000 miles are In Indiana.
Tna Trlkorafq in England.—'The total oxteot of
telegraph in England Is nearly 4,000 miles; representing
an outlay of about X300.000. The total amount of virs
laid down for the purpose It upward* of 4,000,000 yanii,
and the total number of telegraph posts some where about
100,000. The staff of employees may be taken at ip.
wards of 800 persons.
New Yosk City Taxis.—The taxes of the eftj «f
New York will be Increased next year one million In
hundred thousand dollars. The rate of taxes now it
90 70-100 on glOO of valuation, but next year ft will te
•125 ou the $100. The oily debt ot New York U 111,-
785,908.-
LiBsatA.—Tbe bark Linda Sterarl, which writ
to sea from Norfolk last Monday mornlug, with a Mr
wind, bound to Monrovia, Liberia, with, emigrants, bad
on board:—From Virginia 120) North Carolina 30
Washington city, D. O., 2; New Jersey L Total 17L
It Is said that the protecting powers have signed a pro
tocol regulating the succession to the Greek tbrons.
Tho Bulton or Turkoy has refttsed to receive Assn
Kader except os a guest.
The Vienna Ministerial Journals hint thst Auitrii,
from necessity, will acknowledge Nafoleon as Emperor
The Pacha of Egypt has sent X300,00U to tbe 8a]tu,'
thus relieving hint from his financial embarrassments.
Advices from Demararsto the 8th November s«y tbit
the cholera has very nearly subsided there.
OBITUARY.
Died, from debility, on tbe 3d lnsL, at his residwM on
Wilmington Island, Mr. A. G. OEMUER, in hit 7Sih year
■Spettal arotuta.
son on iny account.
YOTICE,—All persons are cautioned iron
entertaining, harboring, or crediting any p«f
account, dec 7 !• DANIEL N. LAIN.
Plahtees’ Bank, Savannas, Die. 0,1853.
DIFID EMD No. 74/—The Hoard ofDlmloi
. have thto day declared a *cml-annualdlvld«d
ot six per cent, (six per .cent.) payable on and
Thursday next, Otb InitT U. W. MERCER,
dec7 . 8 Cathie
MO TICE TO PA88EMOERS FOR
STEAMSHIP ISABEL.—Fatsengcni for
ive steamship, aro notified that the steamer J. fflOllB
will leave Jones' wharf (foot of Claghom fcOunntaghgm'*
store) at half-past ten o’clock To-Morrow Morning, tbs
8th lust. Passengers for Havana mustget their panpofti
from the French Consul. __ . ,
doe 7 COHENS fc HERTZ, Agents.
THE MUSTAMO DMIMEMT-W*
y RHEUMATISM, SORE THROAT. NEURAta
. and PAIN in the LIMBS—to be used externally,
dec 4
Office Steamboat Company of Oxoaou.
JY077C.fi/—Storage on'Cotton by BotUlI
and 12 will commence on tbe 7th IntUnL
O. H. JOHNSTON, Pnat-
OOECHEE PL A MIC ROAD.-,On sod
__ after this day, toll will be charged over the <*►
cheePlnnk Read Planter* and others desirous or nit-
king arrangements for the passage of their wsgon*,eta
do so on application to the President.
Ratee of Toll over the Road.
For Slbgle Horse and Vehicle.;...; JO cento
u two « “ “ JJ *
Three
H- p our ••
“ Every additional horse,
u u horseman
".Cattle, per head
Sheep and hogs per head,
Pleasure travel wUl be charged one.ftre going M* ^
turning.
deo3
;:«•(*
20 *
:■
.5
. 3
B. 0. ANDERSON, PrcsidgL.
Central Railboad
ilboad to Banking Oomp’v of J
TBEfr-J™
Directors to manage the affitlrof lhl< J"* 1 '
fen, will be held at tbe Banking House In thitel'yi^
Monday, the 3d day of January next, between ths m 01 *
of 10 A. M. and 2P, M. By order.
dec 1 SOLOMON OOBBftOMhgu
MO 7’/CE.—The.annual.meetjngo/weCco-
wliTbe held at the Court House In the City ° r “ T .„ T£
on the thirteenth day, being tbe second Monday in w
comber next, at 11 o’clock. A. M. _ , e .
nov23 tin W. W.WABH. Bob’? R. c-*
Central Railroad nnd Banking Company of Go-
^^tom, l !nS’l“c l ‘uj“,onu!o Mrtd.j of BwW*'
‘'nor HOLOBON OOHEKjOuUJ
amtumnewtM.
VIVA El BEIML BAJM° 1
MAOALHSTEE. THS KmO Ot^WWff’’
WUl gl». ■ brief Mile, of hi. Ortnd Orl/l’“
Solveea JiOJlfattIS, •
Uoohaniool and Soienttflo Wonder*
lriVlKTO, HIM AMD rm.ICTICD "L™
ITIADAMr. MACAIiMSKE®■
PfPP
Will nljhUjr .ppt.r ulh.“ murfi
cuts soveral Mir'
and also exhibit
mn.