Newspaper Page Text
SOUTHERN
RECORDER.
VOL. III.
MILLEJJ*GJ2ViLLE, TUESDAY, MAY 28, 1822.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
B V S’. GK.iYTL.1Yn (< K. M. ORME,
On Hancock Street, opposite the Auction Store,
i,T THREE DOLLARS, IN Al>1 ANCF., OR FOUR
dollars at the expiration or the
YEAR.
ftj’ Advertisements conspicuously inserted
at-tito customary rates Letters on business, in
oil cases, must be fort paid.
u\ MmumvYX.
AN ACT •upplementarv to an act, entitled
«i An Act tor im* riillrf <*( me purohuPPra ot
public lands prior, to the first day of July,
eighteen hundred and twenty."
lie it enacted by the Senate and Home of
Represe ntatives oj ilie United Slates of . line
rim in Congress assembled, That all purchn*
tiera, and eveiy legal holder of any certificate
of die purchase of the public lands of the.
United States, who were entitled to, hut
vho have not availed themselves of any of
paid by them respectively to the treasurer
of the said state.
Sec. 9. ,1nd be it further enacted, That the
said fines shall he recovered by the said
stale under such regulations, provisions,and
restrictions, as shall bo prescribed by the
legislature thereof.
Sec. 4. Andie it further enacted, That the
said state, provided it shall accept of the
provisions of litis act, shall account to the
United States for the sum of three thousand
two hundred and thirty-eight dollars and
forty-si* cents, if that amount of the said
fines shall hi collected, it being the expen
ses of three courts martial, held in the said
stale, for the trial of the said delinquents, of
which Colonel Thomas C. Miller, Colonel
James Wood, and Colonel Thomas Moore,
were respectively presidents,
Washington, May 4, 1 Bili.—Aproved.
AN ACT to perfect certain locations am)
sales of public, lands in Missouri.
He it enacted bp the Simile and House
Representatives of the United States of
mrrica in Congress assembled, That tile In
cations heretofore m ule of warrants issued
under the act of I Mil of February, one
thousand eight hundred and fifteen entitled
“An act for the relief of the inhabitants of
the late county of New Madrid, in the Mis
souri Territory, who sulTered hv earth
quakes,” if made in pursuance of t fie provi
sions nf that act, in Other respects, shall he
IN SENATE OF THE U1B/TX.D STATES,
[ Conti/I uei-j
Tninmiar, ,'pril 28, 1842.
Mr, ll'illiims, nt Tent i, from the Commit
tee on Military Affairs, p whom was refer
red the a roly nominations, and the two mes
sages of the President on that subject, re
ported as fallows:
That they have carefully examined the
reductions of die army, made in HUH and
I St 5, for the pirpose of dis rovering if therr
were precedents which would justify the
course pursued in the reduction of 1341.—
The result of tie examination is, tint the
three acts of Cotgress are .substantially the
same, but the pra-lice under them has been
widely different. In 11104, Air. Jeffs non ex
ecuted the law strbtly. In 1818, Mr. Madi
son departed from the law, by retaining of
ficers in a grade helm the rank they former
ly In ld in the army—and, in 1821, nut. only
was t)ie precedent ot IS 18 pursued, but prin
ciples were introduced unknown tu our mi-
xc of litary code. The provisions of the law of
f . 1- tin- id !M ir« h, 10 :t, wore ilisreg irdixl iu inn
the provisions of the art of Congress of 'the j perfected into grants, in like manner as if
' i c\i u niirlit linn. tlu»v liMf 1 ronf.irmcd to tin* sortion.il or
_. co'nd of March, one thousand eight lion
died and twenty one, entitled “ An Act for
the relief of the purchasers, of public lands
prior to the first day of July, eighteen hun
dred and twenty,” be allowed, at any time
on or before the thirtieth day of September,
one thousand eight hundred and twenty-
two, to surrender their certificates of pur
chase, to accept, and. on filing sueli accept
ances, shall be. entitled and subject to such ol
the provisions of the aforesaid act, as apply
to cases where complete payment may hi
made of any tract of land prior to the thir
tieth day of September next.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted,, That
all purchasors, and every legal holder nf any
Certificate of purchase of the public lands nf
the United Stales, who may rmt have ac
cepted any of the provisions of the aforesaid
art of March the second, one thousand
eight hundred and twenty-one, or who may
n nt avail themselves of the provisions of
the first section of this act, he permitted
»t any time prior to the thirtieth day of Sep
tember next, to file their acceptances, anil
Surrender their certificates nf purchase, and
shall be entitled to all the benefits and sub
let to all the provisions of the aforesaid act
of March the second, one thousand eight
hundred and twenty-one, which relate, in
any manner, to relinquishment and classifi
cation, and to the extension of the time of
payment hv instalments, and the proceeding
?n relation 'thereto, in the same manner as
if such acceptances had been filed on or he-
tf.rc tha thirtieth of September last.
Sec. 8. And be it further enaded, That uli
purchasers, and every legal holder of any
certificate nf purchase or the public lands ol
the United States, who may have filed their
acceptances and surrendered tl
cates of purchase, and accepted the provi
sions of the aforesaid aet of March second,
one thousand eight hundred nnd twenty-
cine, which relate to payments to be made
by instalments, bo permitted, notwithstand
ing their acceptances heretofore filed, to
make cumplrte payment on any tract ol
and, on or before the thirtieth day of be|i-
teuiher next, and shall he entitled to the dis
count provided for by the fourth section of
tho aforesaid act.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That it
shall be the duty of the registers and re
ceivers of the several land offices of the Lot
ted States to perform the duties prescribed
bv, or necessary to carry into complete cl-
f<*ct the provisions of this act, according to
the forms and instruct inns heretofore given
bv the Treasury TJepai intent, to keep lull
ar'd faithful accounts and records of all pro
eei’dings under the same, in the manner
prescribed by the eighth section of the afore-
said act, to make report of the same to the
Treasury Department within the term of
three months from the thirtieth of Septem
ber next, and shall receive, as compensation
for like services, tile fees provided for by the
Seventh and eighth sections of said act.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That
every tract of laud which would have been
forfeited from a failure, to file an acceptance
a id to surrender the certificate of purchase
u i or before the thirtieth of September,
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-
fine, lie, and the same is hereby, exempted
from forfeiture and sale until the thirtieth
flav of September next, and on longer.
Washington, April 20, 1822—Approved
AN ACT makine an appropriation to defray
the *»xpcu*C3 of mission* to the independent
nations on the American Continent.
rtf it enacted In/ the Senate and House of
'representatives of the United Slates _
tn tried, in Congress assembled. That, ter
such missions tn the independent nations no
the American continent, ns the President, nf
the United Status may deem proper, there
be, and hereby is, appropriated, a sum nut
exceeding one hundred thousand dollars, to
be paid out ol'.any money in the Treasury,
not otherwise appropriated.
Washington, May V, 1822.—Approved.
they had conformed tn the sectional or
quarter sectional lines of the public surveys;
and the sales of fractions of the public lands
heretofore ereated, liy such locations, shall
be as valid and binding on the United Slates
as if surli fractions had been made by ri
vers, or other natural ob-Uructions.
Sec. 2 And he it further enacted. That
hereafter the holders and locators of such
warrants shall lie hound, iu locating them, to
conform to the sectional or quarter section
al lines of the public surveyors, as nearly as
the respective quantities of the. warrants will
admit ; and all such warrants shall he loca
ted within one year after the passage of this
aet, in default ivhereof the same shall be
noil and void.
Washington, April 2B, 1822.—Approved.
AN ACT to repeal the act, entitled “ An
Act to encourage Vaccination.”
Be it enacted by the Senate and tlnuee of
Representatives of the United States of .
merica in Congress assembled, That the act
passed the twenty-seventh day of February,
one thousand eight hundred and thirteen,
entitled “An Act to encourage vaccination,"
be. and tl)P same is hereby repealed.
Washington, May 4, 1822.—Approved.
AN ACT to alter the times of hold'ng the Dis-
trict Court in the District of New-Jersey
Hr it enacted bp the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United Slates of A
merica in Congress assembled, That the Dis
trict Court for the district of N. Jersey shall
hereafter be held at New Brunswick on tin
2d Tuesdays of March and September, and
at Burlington o:i the third Tuesdays of May
and November, in every year; any thing in
mde'vcd 'tl'ieYr' certifi- i '"V act heretofor passed to the contrary not-
■ : withstanding.
Washington, May 4, 1822.—Approved.
AN’ ACT making appropriations for the Public
Buildings.
Re it enacted bp the Senate and House of
ny particulars. The commilU c h iv
mined the argument in the in, issagr, which
s intended to justify the transf.fr ol Colonel
Lindsay from the infantry to the artillery,
subsequent to the 1st of June, 1821, and
have formed an opinion different from that
entertained by the President. The transfer
is attempted to be supported tin the excepti
on alleged to exist in the 78lli article ol ill
rules and regulations established for the go
vernmeot of the army, whi rli article is in
the following words:—“ The transfer of of
ficers will only be made by t.he war depart
ment, in orders, on the niii.1ii.il application
of the parties, except in extraordinary cases.
See 61d article of war. Nor sli ill an oilier
he transferred into a regiment unite preju
dice of tho rank of any officer thereof.—
When officers are transferred at then own
request, the order for change of station will
specify the fact." Oi referring to the USd
article, which is in the following words:—
“ The functions of the engineers being gene
rally confined to the most id ev.it, d branch
of military science, they are not to assume
nor ire they subject to lie ordered on any
duty beyond the line of their immediate pro
fession, except by the special order of tile
President of the United States—but they
are to receive every mark of respect to
whirh their rank in the. army may entitle
them, respectively, and are liable tn be frail*
ferred, at the discretion of the President,
from one corps to another, regard being paid
to rank.” It will lie seen that this article,
relates exclusively to the engineer corps, and
consequently I here is no legal authority for
tile transfer of (Jol. Lindsay, from the infan
try to the artillery. Tur 78th article, refer
red to by the President, dctf.riuinrs the
principle, and in fact the rule, by which
transfers can he. lawfully rondo. The article
provides, “that the transfer r,f officers will
ly he made by fi e war department, in or
ders, on the application of the pa rties, except
in extraordiilurp eases. See P9,f article ol
war,” ike. It is not pretended, in this ca
that the parties applied for a transfer. Hut
on the contrary, the transfer gavel great dis
pleasure, because it took away tin-* rank and
the right of promotion from all the officers
under Col. Lindsay in the corps of artillery,
and gave to the infantry officers a fictitious
rank to which they were not entitled.
Independently of this view of the subject,
which the committee consider conclusive,
there is another ground which places this
the provisions nf said act, to appoint Col.
Towson to the command of one of the regi
ments nf artillciy ; Col. Towson having re
signed lhe captaincy which he formerly held
in the army, and accepted the office of pay
master general.
The message dues nnt furnish the rule
whereby he iv:ij translated from tin pay de
partment to t.lui command ot a regiment, in
preference to his old rank of captain, or to a
majority, orto the rank ot Lieut. Lolonel.
The message not having furnished a rule on
this subject, the committee, were compelled
to look into the law and former usage ; and
they enmeto the conclusion, that the. pay
master general could not legally be transfer
ted from that station to thu command of a
company, battalion, or regiment, and tliit
he did nut constitute one of the reaps of tlic
armp: that lie was a salary officer under
bond ami security ; nnd the ditties required
of him were those of the Quitl, .mil not nt
the Sword. The 12th sect toil of the art Oi
■ina March, 1821. isiu the following words :
“ Sec. 12. And be it further enacted, Thai
“ the President of the United States cause to
“ b ■ arranged the officers, non commissioned
“officers, artificers, musicians, and privates,
“of the several corps, now in the service ol
“ the United States, in such manner as to
“ form and complete out of the same tin
“ force authorized by this net, and cause tie
“ supernumerary officers, nun-coniinissinm d
“ officers, artificers, musicians, and privates,
“to lie discharged from tile service of the
United States.” The queston arises, on th
construction of this section, whether “ the
pay department constituted one of the corps oj
the army,” out nf which the 1’iesident was
required to arrange and complete the. force
retained bv said aet. The committee hold
the negative of this proposition, and rely
upon the law of the land and military usage
to sustain them in this position.
It is provided in the Bill section of tlies act
of the 21th April, t a 16, that al! paymasters,
commissaries, and storekeepers, shall hr
subject to the rules and articles of war, in
the same manner as commissioned officers :
Provided, also, that all officers of tin* pay
and commissary departments hi* submitted
to the Senate for their confirmation, iti the
same manner as tile officers ol t e triny.
Here are but two points wherein the
three classes of offi 'ers, above enumerated,
are likened onto officers of the army. But |
these apparent assimilations are not confin- ,
ed alone to these public -'g' nt". Ollii ers of |
marines, when on shore, are subject to the
appointment of a purser to command one of
our ships of the line, to the exclusion of the
long list of gallant officers, u ho have, by
their valor, acquired so much renown lor
the country.
In the 8tll see. of the 1st art. nT the con
stitution of the United Slates, it is provided
that ("nngress shall have power “to mak*
rules for the government and regulation of
the land and naval forces.” In virtue ol
this power, Congress have directed, both in
tin laud and naval service, that promotion
shall he according to seniority. This prin
ciple has heretofore been held sacred. The
army arid navy were created for national
purposes. Bv adhering to the principle of
promotion, which is coeval vv th their cxis
lencc, they will retain their national charac
ter. Tlte individuals who compose these
irms nf national defence, have liglita sei ur-
d by law ; and when these lights an: vio-
•ited it is their privilege to appeal to the tri
liuuals of the country lor redress, (as many
i 111 efts have done, on this occasion to the
’Annate,) as a part of the Executive council
>f the nation. A departure from this prim
pie would have the most fatal eflect. It
mild verify tile adage, that one campaign
i Washington was worth two upon the
lines. A system of favoritism in promotion
would supply the place of law and regula
tion. The army and navy, instead of re-
aining their national character, would be
come the creatures of lhe Executive. Men
nf honor, whose rights had been violated,
would he driven from the service, to id
those only retained who would patiently
submit to any indignity. An army and navy
composed of such materials, in times less
virtuous than the present, would he dan
gerous instruments in the hands of tiros*
who would have the power to wield them.—
The committee believe that both law and
policy unite in resisting every attempt to
introduce such docilities in our service.
The great object of the act of the 2d
of M arch, 1821, was to reduce and not to
increase the military force of the country. -
But, with the view ofimproving the urgnni
zatiott of the artillery, tlte battalions were
converted into regiments, and four colonel
cies vverccreati d But it is denied that the
office of adjutant general was created hv
that act, as will he hereafter shown. The
question Again r< curs, vv In Hot these four of
lice-, were tu he filled by officers then in se:
" supernumerary" nflicri'S to be discharged
from'the-ci vil e of the U States. By Ho i.itlt
section of the act, it is provided “ that tin ie
shall he allowed and paid to each commis-
sined officer, discharged from the service
of the United State, in pursuance of this act,
three months’ pay, in addition to tin pay,
and emoluments to which he may he entitled
by law, at t e time of his discharge.” The
word •‘supernumerary” signifies above a slat
ed number. The object of fire act was re
duction. &. w lien t ;p new standard was com
plete, lay arranging from among the mail ri
al* on hand, the residue, nr “supernumerary”
officers, Were to he discharged, vv it li tlncn
months gratuitous pay. To di-chaipe in
officer legally, lihd pay him three months
additional pay, he must have been •• in ser-
t’lVe,” in the former army, and no place for
him ,n the minced at my. He would then,
■and then only, he * a supernumerary” licence
ding to the provisions of tin act, and tin n
ly could he he discharged in pursuance of
the ad. Tile committee regret to say, that
several officers of great merit, w ho would
not suffer bv a comparison with those re
tained, have been discharged w it li gratuitous
pay. on the alleged ground that they w, re
“supernumeraries,” or, that theie w as no
place provided for lliern under the law,
when, in truth and in fact, to the plarrs
provided for them by law, others, not con*
templated by the act, were appointed —
The message assumes the ground, that t 'nn-
gress could “ not tinder the constitution, tie
strain the free selection of the Pn-sidi it,
from the whole body of his fi How citizens,
to appoint to these places.” The constitu
tion of the United States, provides, that
“ Congress shall have power to make rub s
for the government and regulation of toe
land ami naval forces. Under this artieli of
the constitution, it is competent for ('i n-
gress to make such rules and n-golati s
for the government of the army and navy,
as they may think will promote I lie set-
vice. This power has been exercised I'mra
the foundation of our government, in c'a-
tinn to the ni my and navy. Congress have
fixed the rule in promotionsnndappointmenls.
Every promotion is a new appointment, and
is submitted to the Senate for confirmation.
In the several reductions of the army and
nav y, Congress have fixed the rules of re
duction: and no Executive, heretofore,
has denied this power in Congress,
vice, or by citizens, or try no -eunihnttarit I luted to execute such rules as were presi rih-
j stall'officers. The Piestdent insists that lie • d.
had the right to fill those offices from the The President “ approved” and signed the
j lattee description “I persons. The commit - j act of the 2d Mar ill, 1821, and, ul if at time,
id
“ rules and articles of war ;” and judges, j , r( . thl .' ; „ tl , e ,,f ,|i.v
reign ministers, and most other owe. rs tin- j j fi , |()|1 , ,|„ „f n„.
der the fedetal government, are submitted to | ^ (| . t , h n;: j ,, vvt .,-,. ,.| I V eii region nt
the Senate for confirmation. T»» l>ii cuis^e»j, J ^ s^r V :re, to wit : mic of nth-men, one m
therefore, with the officers of the army, j oiilriance,’ onv of light artillery, and tight of
as to come within the obvious meaning nt inlrt||lrv | ?v !(ct , eleven r, ginn-nts
the above recited 12th section ol tile act of j| lo « it : four of arlillei y . ami
the Bd March, 1821, the paymaster R' *', ,, sf .\tn nfmlantiy 15\ the tliiui section ol
hould be clothed, by Hvv, vv itti o In t ■>" ■ nhe act, tin corps of i vgineers wa ret oued
more Important military properties Hi ,„ the • ' \\ |,,. tl j, j s m ,n mher. ,1
two above m-nl But the I lent, | ilrl . ;K ,. Hie
unde
I IIV
Representatives of the Linited States of Amt- j «iueetion beyond the possibility of doubt —
rica in Congress assembled, That fur con- - -
tinuing the work on thu Centre Building of
the Capitol, and other improvements on the
President’s House, the following sums of
money he, and hereby are., appropriated :
For continuing the work on the Centre
Building, the sum of one hundred and twen
ty thousand dollars.
For constructing a culvert to the. Presi
dent’s House, painting, and necessary re
pairs of the same, the sum of three thou
sand three hundred dollars.
For improving the grounds around the
Capitol, twelve hundred and fifty dollars.
Kte. 2. Anil be it further enacted, That the
said several sums of money he paid out of
any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise
appropriated : I'rovidtd, however, That no
money appropriated by this act shall he
paid to any person for his compensation or
perquisites, who is in arrears to the United
States, until such person shall have account
ed for, and paid into the Treasury, ail sums
for which he may he liable.
Washington, Slay t, 1822—Approved.
During tlie last session of Congress, the
hook of regulations were printed, and each
member furnished with a copy. By rum-
paring the 78th article in Ibis hook, 'with tho
same, article in lit" hook lately printed for
the use nf the army, it will he found that the
exception relied upon by the President, is an
interpolation, and is not, in the original, soli
mitted to Congress when that body was cal
led On last session to enact these regulations
into law. The President, however, submits
to the Senate for confirmation only the
names of the officers on the li“t accompany
ing tho message On examining this list,
the name of Col. Lindsay is not to In
in his message, insists, that the pay thqiarl-
inmit is a part of the military est dilish cot.
This is admitted. Military establishment is
a comprehensive term, and includes every
one subject to martial law. By recurring,
however, to the tweluh section of the act
before cited, the Win its “ military establish
ment” are not lo he lound. Tho terms us
ed are, “ the several corps now in serviei
out of which he tvas to “ arrange” the force
retained by the act. Admiltinu the Payouts
ter General to he a staff officer, his duties
are of a liv'd character, anil may he classed
with the Commissary of Purchases, the Sur
geon General, chaplains, storekeepers, wag
on mastis's, sutlers, See. These officers have
neither rank nor command in the army. They
have no prescribed unilorm ; nor do they
wear either sword or epaulettes. Their du
ties are peaceful. They are non combatant-.
In civilized warfare, if taken prisoners, they
would bu liberated like other citizens ; it. i
the laws and usages of service distinctly
mark their civil character. Army corps
signifies a holly of forces; not. civil, hut
warlike, forces ; such as have prescribed uni-
"1S MSI, f orn|g . ([)( | epaulettes, wear swords, or earn
'! found. I ,c
art, I'
RESOLUTION providing for tho security in
the transmission or letters, kc. in the public
mails.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Re
presentatives of tlie United States of Ameri
ca in Congress assembled, That, it shall he
the duty of the Postmaster General to in
troduce, as soon ns conveniently may he,
on one nr more of the most exposed routes,
llichard Imlay's plan of copper rases, se
cured in Iron chests, with inside locks and
sliding bars, in such n way as tn test its cf-
ficaev in preventing robberies of the mail:
I’rovided, The extra expense for each mail
carriage shall not exceed ono hundred and
fifty dollars. „
3 PHILIP P. BARBOUR,
Speaker of the House nf Representatives.
JOHN GAlLLAUD,
President of the Senate, pro-tempnre.
Washington, April 28, 1822.-Approved,
JAMES MONROE.
XN VCT vesting In the stale of Pennsylvania
‘the right of the United States to all lines as
sessed for the non-performance of mditcv du
ty during the late war with Great Britnin
lie it enacted bp the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States oj Amen-
*r iu Congress assembled. I hat nil tight
xvlie'll the United States have to the hoes
assessed upon the citizens of the stab of
Pennsylvania, for the non-performance of
militia doty during the late war with Great
Britain, shall he, and the same hereby is,
vested in the said state.
Sec ® Anil be it farther enacted. That al!
moneys'in the hands (if those who now lire,
or heretofore have been, marshals Of deputy
marshals, which may have been collected
from the fines aforesaid, after deducting1 n
expense of assessing and collecting, shall he
FROM THE NF.W YORK COMMKKCIAF, ADVERTlSY-ll.
GUINEA GRASS.
We have been favored by Captain Jasper
Graham, with a small parcel nfllie seed of the
Guinea Grass, which haslatrly been iutnidoc
rd into some of the West India Islands, from
the western coast of Africa. This grass is
said to be remarkably sweet, and fine for
cattle, and tlie yield is prodigiously great.—
It is supposed that three crops will lie. pro
duced in this climate m a season, without
rutting tlm grass until it is th.ee or four led
high. In Jamaica, one acre frequently yields
twenty tons nf hay in a year. The seed in
our possession will he disposed nf in small
quantities, to such of our agricultural friends
in thu country as may call for it at thia of
fice*.
It is, therefore, in the opinion of tho rotn j
mittee, not competent for the Senate, at this
time, to control this illegal transfer.
The committee, on examining I'lte new re
gister of tlte army find many irragularities,
and beg leave to refer to one in the Inspec
tor’s Department. The Olh section oT the
act, passed the 2d of March, 1821. to roduc.
and fix the military peace establishment,
provides that there shall be two inspectors
general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments,
of colonels of cavalry. The terms of (he art
in relation to these two officers are precisely
the same ; hut a construction has been given
to the act very different as regards these
twn officers. One of them. Col. Wool, is in
service, without, and the other, Col. Archer,
with lineal rank. This arrangement is cal
culated to produce great sensibility among
the officers of the army, and to embarrass
the service.
On the list accompanying tlie message of
the 17th of January, Col. Tnwsnn is nomi
nated to the Senate in the following words :
“ Second regiment artillery, Nathan Tow-
son, late captain light artillery, to he Colo
nel first June, 1821.” This nomination
shows, what is the fact, that Colonel Toiv-
eon, some years ego, was a captain iu the
light artillery, which office lie resigned be
fore he. xvas appointed paymaster general —
II isusual both in tho army and naval nomi
nations to slate the firmer lank of the offi
cers, to enable the Senate to determine whe
ther their promotions are regular and ac
cording tn the principles of seniority. If
this description of Col. Totvson’s forme
rank in the army was given with this view
it is evident that the promotion is irregular,
because it is to the prejudice of all tlie offi
cers, under the grade of a colonel, who rank
ed this gentleman w hIM he was an officer
in the artillery. The President in his mes
sage does not rest the claims qf Col. Tow
son tn tne command of a regiment oh the
ground taken in the list of nominations, hut
further insists, that the pay department, be
ing a part of the military establishment,
within the meaning of the art of 2d March.
IR2I. “ constituted one of the corps of the nr-
;ey,”and it was competent tor him, under
arms, such as muskets, nnd bayonets, with
which they meet and cotnlial the enemy in
the field. Major generals, brigadier gene
rals, adjutant and inspector generals, and
the like, properly speaking, constitute the
staff of the army. They have command Ik
“assimilated rank” in the army. They are
men at arms and wear prcscilied uniforms,
swords, and epaulettes, and the laws and
usages of service distinctly mark their war
like and military character The argument
in the message that the President had the
whole range of the military establishment,
out of which he could, al pleasure, s, |, et the
commanders of regiments, if it prove any
tiling, proves too much. It has already
been shown that this is a ■ nmp'eliensive
term, and it inculdes not only paymasters,
surgeons, chaplains, Storekeepers, sutlers,
Ike. but, also, all retainers of the army who
are subject to martial law. According to
the usages of service, the President could,
with the same military propriety, arrange
any one of those civil rhararteis to the com
mand of regiments, as he could transfer Co
lonel Towson from the pay to tin military
department.
to the sixth paragraph of the third arti
cle of the army regulations, it is provided,
that " No officer of the staff, not having li-
“ neal rank or rank assimilated thereto, shall
“ command any officer whatever having
“such rank, but, on the other hand, the fur
“ iner shall be subordinate to the latter, tm-
“ der the following restrictions: 1st, the
“ Commissar)' General ofpurchases.the Snr-
“ geon General, the Paymaster General, and
“the Apothecary Gen. to gen. officers only,’’
!zc. Here a clear distinction is taken be
tween officers of the army having rank, aod
stuff officers having no rank : the. latter, to
wit, purchasing commissaries, the Surgeon,
paymaster, and Apothecary Generals, are
prohibited from commanding even a second
lieutenant.
The position taken by the commiltee, in
behalf of the army, is applicable to the navy
also. The duties of a purser in the navy
re eleven regiments, and the same number
were retained by the act, it is a for presump
tion that all the colonels, lieutenant robin, is.
and majors, were intended tn In retained —
This presumption is strengthened, when it
is distinctly recollected that tins iXjinsition
was given of the act, by the cuinniittec who
reported it, when the hill was discussed n
the Senate. By recurring to the llt'i see
tinn of the act, this queston tests no longer
on presumption, hut is made manifest by
positive law. The I nil section is in the
following word-: “That the officers, non
commissioned officers, arnficers, musicians,
and privates, retained hv this act. except
those specially prov ided for, shall have tin
same rank, pay,and emoluments, as are pro
vided in like cases by existing laws ; and
that the force authorized and continued in
service tinder this act, shall lie subject to the
rules and articles of war.” The 12th section
of the act before referred to, directs that
" the President cause to be arranged I 1 e nl-
ficers, &ic. of lhe several corps now in ser
vice, in such manner as to form and complete
out of tiu- same, the force” authorized liy tin
act. The word arrange signifies “ In put
in proper order for any purpose.” The
purpose was to reduce the army to the stan
dard pointed nut by the preceding sections
of the aet. and to put in proper order the
officers, tkc. " retained” by said act. Tin
committee believe they can.ml lie mistaken
in this conclusion; and that thetcrni arrange
does not mean, to acute, and pul nut ot or
der, as it has been interpreted in the late re
duction ol the army. 'I he wolds of I In net
in relation to the four regiments of artillery
are lhe same ; but, a construction bus been
given to it widely different. It has been
| made lo mean “ lo put in order,” as regards
the 1st and .id, and to “ create and pul out of
order,” as relates to the 2d and 4th regi
ments. Colonel Potter, who lakes rani,
from the 13th March, 1812, 13 “■arranged'
to the 1st regiment of artillery, and l oluncl
Aruiislend, who takes rank from the null
November, 1818, is “ arranged” tn the 3d
But Colonels Towson arid Fenwick are
“ appointed” to the 2d end -llh regiments
taking rank from the lsf if J’une, 1821.—
The President’s message of the I2tii of A-
prtl, 1822, when treating of the ri gitncnl nf
light Artillery, formerly cammanded by Co
lonel Porter, says, “ that regiment was re
duced, and all its parts re-organized in ano
ther form, and with other duties; being in
corporated into the four new regiments, the
commander vms manifestly displaced and
incapable of taking the command of either
of the new regiments, or any station in them,
until lie should he authorized lo do so by a
new appointment.” The committee dissent
from this proposition, and contend that the
interpretation first given by the President,
to the I2th section of the act, so far as re
lates to this officer, was the correct construc
tion, Sc that he was authorized to " arrange''
Cob Porter to the command of either ol tin
regiments of artillery, as lie did “ arrange'
him to the first, without a re appointment
or nomination to tha Senate, and that Coin
nel Porter was in the legal discharge of bi-
nfiLial duties, under the commission which
hehad,|ongbcfore the reduction of’heRitny
are analogous to the duties of a paymustc r j 'i’i.c 12lh section oi the act authorized tin
in the army. Tho principle which would : President, after arra ging the officers, kc
justify the appointment of a paymaster to o it of the b rmer. so as to complete, out ol
command a regiment, would autheiize the the same, tho retained army, to yaujc the
no declaration of an opinion that tlie
as unconstitutional, and Iht-rehy <-
• oind its constitiuiiinality. Having - u
- t ot to this law, the committei Im ve
lie is. s t. ..|| as all others, hoot d by it. The
committee vv ill not dispute the legal p, vv er
ol’tlie President to dlsrlnvrgi an officer 1'i.nz
the t on! or naval service; hut, in such c > < s,
the officer disc!)*' god Would not le ei titn d :<>
three ill" tils’ additional pay, w hit h Inn been
paid to all the t Dicers who have he , ot.
out of service in the late reduction. Thee®
is, tin ia fore, no pietooce for saving, e- I, is
been urged, that tin Ibc-ident cxereist v! pis
c v i -1 It nt i< il i :i I power 1 m discharging sivrial
ollii eis. lie says hiniself, he acted * in.
pursuance” of the law. In the 2d section of
tlie 2d article, of the constitution of tin U.
States, it is provided “ Tlmt the Ptcsiduit
sliail have power, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, to appoint all of
ficers nf the United States whose appoint
ments are not therein otherwise prov ided for,
and vv Inch shall tie established liy f.w.”—
By the construction heretofore given to thij
ifvide, the Senate had the stum puiv i , .,tl
the same range of discretion to withhold
their " advice” and “ consent,” that the Pro-
sident had to nominate : and the Senate
would almse the trust cm filled to them, if
they were to ratify noirii .atinns, when ei
ther policy or law required their rejection.—
In the message accompanying the “ re-no
minations” of Colonels Tow non and Gads
den, it is urged, that “ if an officer may lie
reduced and arranged from one corps to a-
notlirr by an entire change of grade, requir
ing a new commission and a nomination to
the Senate, there is no reason why an ollii'i r
may not he advanced in like manner ;” and
the example of 1813 is relied upon in sup
port of this position. It is true that, in the
reduction ol I 815,1 he law was departed fri nt
iu the instance ol retaining an officer iu ;r
grade below the rank he had In fin r held in
the army. A great proportion of the nffi-
i'i rs iu 1818, w ere retained on I l.is principle.;
and " lien their names vv ere submitted tn the
Senate, a Considerable time after the h dicti
on had been made, that body, with nun It
hesitation, lent a reluctant assent to the ar
rangement, without supposing that this do*
parti to would he set up as a justification for
win it lie*- still inon dangerous to the riglitE
unit i buirarter of the army. The print iplc
nITazrenig having have been recognized iu
1818, tlte Senate, limit r the authority of that
proci dent, in the reduction of I 821, have ra
tified the nominations o Generals Mari,mb
and Atkinson, and Major Dallaha, officers
who were razeed The Senate having, Ly
tin ir decision in the reduction of 1821. gone
as far as the precedent? ol 1318 would justi
fy, the committee think it proper to panto
and seriously to refhet, before they give
their assent to the doctrines advanced in the.
message, whereby the President would be
sustain, d in advancing second lieutenants to
the head of our regiments, and midshipmen
tvi the command of mil ships nf the line, to
the exclusion of enlom is aril naval com
manders who are in service under the law.
It is correctly stated in lhe message lh.it
tlie 8tii section of the act of 1818, cootnins
the words “ corps of troops,” and the 12tlt
section of the net of 1821, uses the term
“ corps," out of which the force iGained
was to lie constituted. It is conceded that
omission bad an object. But it was not iri-
'••I'ded that that omission should give to the
President a w ider range, or place his disci "
don above the provisions of lhe law, hut was
designed alone to improve the phraseology
of the section, hy omitting a supoifluou >
word, without affecting the obvious meaning,
of that section. If it were necessarv furtl e
to prove that the pay d> pin ttnenl does no,
constitute one of the ‘‘ corps” of the am.
out of which the army retained was to !
composed, the committee would refer to ti-