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HiWJTU MtttWA.
tin de Yturbiile, is (ho person who is best produce titinunl'y 5 13,000,(100 in gold and
tH KXICO.
Yesterday uriived at this port, the
•chr. Mtghhinder, Capt. Gibson, from
ttie poil ol Alvarado, Iiom which place
*ho'.nil'll on the 2Cth May, mid brings
official intelligence frotn the city ofMexi-
co. In the 2;ath of the same month—On
which day the Mexican congress assem
bled in that ciiv ivnil declared Dun .lu-
guitine Vlurbidt, thief of that govern
ment z-it.h the title of Emperor. H e
have received a copy of the Proclama
tion issued on the occasion, published at
Mexico.
It appears hy the advises through this
Channel'that on the recept of the intel
ligence from Spain, hy the governor ol
the castle of St. Joan d'Ulloa at Vera
Cruz, that the treaty entered into by the
viceroy O’Donohu with general V tur-
hide at Cordova, having been declared
null and void, that the congress of Mexi
co resolved that every prospect of ami
cable commodation being at ail end, de
termined to proclaim total separation and
independence of Spain, anil the extinc
tion of every title to allegiance to the
royal authority of Spain, and to select a
chief of their own country, and Yturbide
was nominated.
The royal general Davilla, at St. Juan
d'Ulloa, hint, prior to this act, declared
war against the independents, and had
issued orders to all the Europeans, par-
ticulailv' the troops that had capitulated,
to lake up arms in support of the royal
authority. In several of the provinces
these orders were obe\ed, and some
partial insurrections fallowed; hut in
every instance the independents triump-
Cil. it gei end tranquility was established.
Colonel Headhunt, in the service of
M exico, "ho is the hearer of despatches,
brings official information, that a minis
ter would shortly leave Mexico for the
IJ. Slates, and in case of any delay, that
colouel Cortes, now in this city, would
be invested with full powers.
Information of the President’s message
to congress recommending tho acknwl-
edgement of the independence ofSpanish
America, had been received in Mexico
on the frt of May by col. Bradburn, who
carried important dispatches from col.
Cories. The news was received with
extraordinary rejoicings, illuminations,
and salvos of artillery were ordered
throughout the citadels and cities of
Mexico.
By these advices we learn that bishop
Mier who had been seized and confined
in St. Juan d'Ulloa had been released,
llis case was made a subject of deep in
terest in congress, anil the royal general
Tva- notified that twelve Spanish officers
of rank, should be subjected to the like
treatment as he should suffer ; and the
officers were sent apart hy lot and their
names communicated. The venerable
bishop was thereupon released and re
stored to his country—he was at Alvara
do when the ship sailed.
Gen. Wilkinson was at the city of
Mexico and in good health—he is entire
ly silent on politics ; having business
which requires abstraction wholly from
such affairs. We have an official im
pression of the congress as it is distiibu-
ted into committees, which we shall pub-
li l>-
As we have no other details than what
have been thus received through the
papers, we can offer no remarks, having
do other data. We shall endeavor to
give extracts from lire hies we have re
ceived.—.lurora.
Our manuscript and printed advices
from Mexico are voluminous. We have
copies of all the official transactions ol
the government for several raonilw.
A variety of publications papeto volan-
tes, among w hich are found tbe following:
1. “ 'l’lie triumph of the writers for the
freedom of the press.”
£. Letters of a Mexican to the author of
a production under the title—What is
that which you call the liberty of the
press ?
3. Observations on a proclamation pub
lished in the Genius of Liberty, on
the republic ofGuntimala, &c.
PROCLAMATION.
Mnnurl Rincon, colonel of the imperial Army
governor, political chief, and commandant
peneml of tbe place it province of Vern Cruz.
The supreme regency of the empire,
bv an act of extreme urgency, issued in
the capitul city of Mexico, on tbe Cist
of the present mouth of May, the follow
ing public ad which they had prepared
for the occasion.
The regency of (he empire, invested
intermediately with the functions of ox
ecutivo power during the vacancy ol an
emperor, to till those to whom these pre
tents shall come health.
The sovereign constituent congress of
Mexico, has decreed as follows :
DECREE.
Xn the palace of Mexico, the 19th day of May,
ti,22, sec aid year of Independence
The sovereign continent congress of
Mexico, assembled in an extraordinary
session, called upon hy the occurrence
of the preceding night, and called upon
this day by the generalissimo and high
admiral, to consider various documents
recorded in the transactions of the day,
nbhorrarit to the wishes of the people ;
conforming with the general wishes < f
congress, ti the nation, having taken into
consideration that, the Cortes of Spain, hy
a decree inserted in the Gazette of Mad
rid of the 13’h fs Nth of February last
have declared null & void the treaty of
Cordova ; &. that therefore the case pro
vided for ceases to he obligatory on (lie
Mexican nation ; by the thir l article ofthe
said treaty, the authority recurs to the
sovereign congress, constitutent of this
.empire ; to nominate a person ns emperor
«nd to exclude all others from thence
forth ; anil after due consideration they
Ifave declared that the Senior D. .flugus-
milled to that office, upon the basis ol
the plan iirrtclaimed at Iguala and accept
ed hy the body of the nation, and to
ilver, being half the amount nf tbe w bole
produce of tin* precious metals from all tbe
mines in tbe world. Its importation! xcet'ds
twenty millions of dollars its exportation
which they have taken Ihe oaths in ^ ue | in nuriculUnol, manufacturing, and mini-nil
YANKS, j
I.M IN,
K C\b\ UCRAS, >
form, congress on the day of the 21st
current.
The regency in ils wisdom, directs
that it he communicated to till the au
thorities of the empire, that it lie printed,
published, ami circulated, that with this
act ceases the functions with which the
regency was invested.
Done in Mexico, 21st May, 1822, second
year of Independence.
FRANCISCO GARCIA CANT ARISES,
l’rc«ident.
FRANCISCO MARIA LOMBARDO,
Deputy and Secretary.
JOSF, IGNACIO GUITKIUtKZ,
Deputy and Secretary.
By the Regency of the Umpire.
i hen-lore it is commanded, that all
the tribunals, judges, chiefs, governors,
and all oilier authorities, as well civil
and military as ecclesiastical, ol i*halever
class nr station, to respect and cause to
lie respected, to fulfil and execute the
present decree in all its parts. 1 aking
special care that it lie printed and circu
lated throughout the nation.
[Signed |
JOSE ISIDRO YANKS,
MIGUEL VA 1,1
i.f. CONDI'. DK C AS A I1ERAS, ) Regents
NICOLVS lilt A VO, j
A. U JOSE DK IIF.RKKRA, J
I Therefore order Unit tbe b-qqiy and
memorable events lie fouithwitli made
public in the. most solemn manner in this
place and throughout this province, so
that tho generous emotions of patriotism
may be unconstrained on an occasion
which accomplishes so gloriously the li
berty and independence of this heroic
American nation, under the happy aus
pices ofthe hero of Igtiala, Senor I)
Augustin de Yturbide, the actual pmper
or of Mexico ; expecting that this meri
torious people will testify their felicity
by illuminations, K.r.
Given ai Vera Cruz, 25: h May, 1822.
(Signed) MANUEL RINCON,
lty order, Jose Gcisicnks.
There are also two decrees recognis
ing the Colombian republic.
FROM PERiFaN'D CHILI.
New-Yonjc, June 21.
Captain Reynolds, of the ship Fame,
who left Coquimbo on the 21»t nt Ft b-
ruarv, informs that tho Spanish army,
under the vice king Li Serna, was still
encamped about 30 leagues from Lima.
The Spanish squadron, under Admiral
Blanco, ivhicli had sailed on an expedi
tion against Arica. had been oidered
hack to Callao. San Martin had resign
ed the Protectorship, and the Marquis
Torre Tagle, Truxillo, was appointed
in his stead, under the title of “ Supreme
Director of Peru.” The new govern
ment issued 200,000 dollars paper mo
ney, obliging every citizen to take it at
its represented value. Dollars were
getting very scarce, and premium con
stantly rising.
On the passage the Fame spoke a Bri
tish vessel, which left Valparaiso sub
sequent to the above date, and learnt
that the Constellation had arrived there,
and would sail for Philadelphia about
the middle of April.
FROM VERA. CRUZ,
Baltimore, June 21.
We received yestered a long letter, dated
May 1st, 1822, from our attentive corres
pondent at Perti Cruz, together with a file
of papers from that place. Our correspon
dent remarks, that ttin castle which com
mands the town is ill possession ofthe H.oy-
dists, in which a:e most of the remaining
Don9 of wealth, waiting for opportunities of
conveyance for themselves and their mo
ney to Spain. The Fort is weak at this
time, not having more than 250 soldiers in
There is a constant communication be
tween the fort and tile town ; in fact it is
hardly possible to say who is Royal or who
is Impertial in the city, as they both pass
and repass in every direction, regardless of
each other. It is slated that there are five
or six thousand imperial troops in the city
hut the fact is, there are not as many
hundred, unless yon include every Indian
and negro in the place.
The governor of the city conducts his af
fairs at his palace in a masterly style—all
his tinsiness is conducted systematically.—
The castle assum-is the right of boarding all
vessels entering toe port, to the total exclu
sion of Ihe Imperialists; all properly pays
duty when landed, except that which may
he wanted for the fort. The fort claims
very heavy tonnage duty. A deep laid plan
ofthe Governor's to retake the city and
country around, failed a few days ago, with
a severe loss on his part- A caravan ha
this day ai m ed from Mexico with about
two millions of dollars, all of which belong
to persons destined to Spain, it being a pri
vilege granted by the Imperialists to all who
are. disputed to leave the country.
It was reported here that General Wil
kinson had died between this and Mexico,
and had been buried with military honors;
but the report arose from the death of Ge
neral Long, w ho was killed at the door ol
Congress, in Mexico, hy a sentinel, who
run him through the body as he attempted
to pass him in a forcible manner. The U.
States’ hi tg Enterprise, capt. Kearney, is
here. 1 have no further news.”
In addition to the above, we learn that a
letter has lieen received in this city, from
General Wilkinson himself, slating that lie
was well, and in an employment lor which
hi received a salary at ihe rate of 15,000
dollars per annum,—Federal Gaz.
MEXICO.
Few nf our citizens have a sufficiently
comprehensive idea of the importance of a
country which is now erected into an Em
pire, and of which Augustine Yturbide was
declared Emperor by a decree of the Mexi
can Congress ol llle'25lli May. That excel
lent London Journal “ Hell’s Weekly Mes
senger, has'a series of Nos. on the “opening
of S. America some of which arc devoted
to Mexico, We seize a few of the fact-
which it presents, and groupe them together
for our readers. The Messenger represents
the territory of Mexico as greater than that
ofthe Russian Empire in Asia, or the whole
extent of the United States of America—
its population to he equal to that of Great
Britain before the Peace of Amiens—its re
venue exceeding $ 20,000,000. Its mines
produce, sixteen millions—“ about half tin
total export and import of Great Biitain.”—
Mexico, the tin ti i*| olis of this lai ge empire,
is described as superior to any city in tho
world, with tbe exceptions of St. Petersburg
and London, for the regularity uml lircadtli
of ils sire* Is, Ihe grandeur of its public plac-
, ils neatness, freshness and activity. The
houses ate. almost all built of stone, adorned
with pillars of porphyry. The great square
(Plan Manor) is pi euliarly magnificent—e-
qual in size to Russell’s square in London,
superior to any in Paris, is Mirroiindcil on all
sides hy an open piazza, supported oil
pillars nf porphyry, beautifully worked and
delicately proportioned. It is adorned by
some noble niommnnts of tbe genius ofthe
people—an University, Public Library, an
Academy of Sciences and Fine arts, the mint,
military and naval asylums, Sic. Sir.
A spacious and fertile region like this,
which lias sustained such pro«pciity even
under the withering touch of Spanish mis
rule, must st:ut into gigantic existence under
the auspices of an independent government,
administered upon wise principles.
All the ties between Mexico and Spain tire
now dissolved—and Yturbide is formally de
clared tho Emperor. Certainly tbe most
difficult of all problems is to ascertain the
degree of liberty for which a nation is quail
tied—which has just shak* n off the fitters of
bondage. Is Mexico, with her established
hierarchy, ami the comparatively small num
ber of landed proprietaries, the richest in the
world capable of enjoying a constitution as
free as that of the l). States ? H’e should
certainly hesitate before vve laid down such
a proposition—anil yet wo are disposed lu
support the professions of a man, who would
wear the title of Emperor, and yet pretends
to take Washington for his example. Tho
whole conduct of Yturbide indeed is under
a cloud. Lithe long account of the Revo
lution which Mr. Wilcoclis presented last
winter to Mr. Adams, and published with
the official papers, there was room to doubt
of the sincetily of his views, llis recent e-
lection creates a deeper doubt. Bonaparte
himself, when he took the first step to pow
er, did not part with all his professions for
the liberty of France. The Mexican may
he playing the same game—and an imparti
al amid will hold him to tile proof—But
they will abide, hy his acts, not by his honied
professions. They will ask, whether the a-
(loption of the imperial title is the best
means hy which Yturbide means to prepare
bis people for a free constitution ? whether
the Mexicans, with all tin ir habits of blin
dage, ami all their landed and clerical aristo
cracy, were not capable of having a Presi
dent as their Chief Magistrate, like the Re
public of Colombia? whether if this man
were t he apostle of Liberty and the Votary
of Washington, lie lias shown bis attachment
by assuming a title which the new world
ought to abhor—and by setting an example,
which tbe aspiring chit ftans of the Southern
Provinces may be disposed to imitate ?—
Why may not San Martin attempt to play
the same game as Yturbide lias done ?
Meanwhile, the influence of our free con
stitution mnst he felt in Mexico. Every
where indeed, it must lie more or less felt.—
This example of prosperity which a people
enjoys under a free constitution cannot be
entirely thrown away even upon tile Austri
an nr the Russian. It must lie felt with
greater force among our nviglibois. Let
their press be free, and Mexico must catch
much of our inspiration. Even in Mexico,
already there is much division of sentiment
upon the establishment ofthe monarchy.—
The National G izetle has received a file of
Ihe Mexican papers styled The Sun—w hich,
it says, is full of discussion about the forms
nf government—some parts of the army
hava manifested a predilection for a Repub
lic—the cavalry regiment, No. 11, had made
known to the Congress that the suffrage of
its officers was not for the “ tempered mo
narchy sanctioned by the assembly,” but for
file republican form, ik.c. One of the essay
ists in tbe Sun says, however, that “ as in
the human frame a sudden transition from
one extreme to another is impossible or dan
gerous, so has it always been remarked to
be the rase with bodies politic. The men
tal employment and social virtues necessary
for federative republican government, unfor
tunately do nut, as yet, exist in the mass of
the people.”
The Aurora makes some just reflections
on this event, though w e arc disposed to fear
it betrays t<'o strong a confidence in the pro-
fressions ofthe man: with this single cave
at, we submit the following extracts from
the last Aurora: the biographical traits nf
the Emperor are at this time peculiarly apro
pos :
“ It would lie the extreme nf disingrnuity
to forbear expressing on such an cjccasion
the opinion, that the creation of an imperial
government in Mexico, is an occurrence that
calls for the most serious attention ofthe U.
States ; and vve shall he very explicit in what
vve have to say on this mihject, because we
know it will come under the eye of the emi
nent character who is most conspicuous in
the event. Them may not lie that danger
from the imperial regime, under the present
occupant of that station—nor is it in feet that
the form in Meriro corresponds with tbe
forms of the same denomination in Europe.
Tile title of emperor in Mexico is obnoxious
from the idea of absolute despotism, with
which it is associated in Europe and Asiatic
idiom. In Mexico so far it is no more in
fact than the title of President—and being
associated with an elective representative le
gislation, will he in fact, only a mixt monar
chy or an extended aristocracy with a chief.
It is the issue that is to he apprehend'd—
tint present chief Augustin Yturbide, so lati
as the 8th nf May last, made the u.isought
declaration, which he had :>o often untie lie-
fore, that he had determined deliberately
and irrevocably to follow the great rxample
of the illustrious Washington—and Then or
der and constitutional government should
he restored, to retire to his estate, iothe cha
racter of an untitled private citizen
“ Ho far then the danger is in mme de
gree removed of ail empire placed between
the republics of the north and south of '.fie
new win Id—lint who can foresee flic cha
racter, or anticipate the disposition of a fu
ture successor ? We think it fit to slate
these sentiments, and tq say that, in nor o-
pioion, the only rot'fhs of government adapt
ed fo the new world, aro constitutional, o'-
quid, and representative, and divested nf ti-
tlesthat carry odium from the analogy which
they bear to Ike despotisms of Europe and
Asia.
“ Augustin Yturbide, was horn at Val
ladolid, in Mexico, about the year 17U0, fur
vve find him in 1810 a lieutenant in the army,
llis father, who still lives in his 8 Itli at y»l-
'adoliO, was Joseph Joachim Ylarbide, a na
tive of Biscay in Spain, who pasted from
Europe In I7C3, nt the ?gr nf 23 years to
Mexico, and man led a creole lady of consi
derable follune in tlmt city, of w bom Au
gustin is tile offspring—and who was edueut -
eil at tile collegiate seminary of llis native
ity. lie attended with his lather to the
inployiiieuts of an agricultural life, by
winch his constitution was framed to hardi
ness, and bis babits were, formed to military
xereisesin the militia of bis province, com
posed principally of cavalry—from a pen
with which tbe American people are faini
liar, w e have obtained some of the chief traits
of this character of the generalisimo of Mex
ico.
“ Me. was a lieutenant in 1810—but there
was so much disorder anil such want of sys
tem in tile revolutionary corps, that lie
deemed it useless to commit himselt under
sili'li a slate of disorganization. He left llis
native province for the. capital of Mexico—
but llis history in tin* interval between this
period and when vve find him at the head ol
of a division ntul attacked by Morelos, at tile
village of Alaruhatin, wc have not means to
ascertain. Tbe defence which lie made on
that occasion w itli a handful of troops, vci y
much distinguished him, made hi n known
to the government, led him to the. rank nt
colonel, and he ivas henceforward usually
in the command ufa brigade, from the opi
nion that had been conceived of Ins inlripi
dity and enterprize.
The talents which lie Ind displayed,
and Ihe confidence lie had obtained, excited
jealousies, and subjected him to I he influ
ence of I vise intriguers, of inferior qualifica
tions, such as are found in all armies in all
counliies, for every where the man who
possesses more than ordinary facilities or
virtues, must always calculate upon til ing
fenml anil hated ; he was deprived of the
command of lluhia ; the injustice was en
■lured without complaint; he repaired to
the neighbour'hood ofthe capital ami necu
pied himself on a handsome plantation ;
where his character was too much di-lin
gtiished to be long obscure. From his farm
he w as invited to lake command of an army
destined for Ihe south, hy which ive under
stand, that force which he inuarrhcd to Ac
apulco in 181!)—20—The minute circum
stances of llis understanding with Ihe then
Viceroy Apodara, are not so well ascertain
ed, as authorise any specifications; lint on
this march it appears that he matured tho
plans, which he iiad long conceived, for the
total emancipation and independence of
Mexico—which produced the memnraltl
plan of Iguala, of which equality of tights
for all persons, Indians, Mulattos, and N
glares, as well a* whites, is the main eliarae-
leristical feature; and upon this enmpre
Itensive plan which united all interests, and
promised protection to ail, to the soldiery
promotion, to the priests their authorit;
over souls, the titled their titles, to the mer
rliant bounties, to the planters commerce,
and to the various classes of laborers, liber
ty ; all were consulted, named anil respect*
ed, and ai! interests w ere reconciled.”
The Aurora furnishes a list of the l!)t
meuihers of the Congress of Mexico ; Frau
risen Garcia Caiitarincs, President; end tin
roll of the 21 committees, into which they
have hern ilistnb led ; viz. The rommi'-l
on the constitution—on the Executive—i
the address to Ihe Motion—on the interior
regulations of Congress—on exttrior rein
lions—on the publication of laws—on peti
lions—ori tile coinage—on military affairs—
on infractions of the constitution—on ap
pointin' ills—on colonization—on ecclesias
tical affairs—on the general administration
—on legislation—on III v freedom ofthe press
—on agriculture and internal industry—in
jurisprudence—on the finances—on public re
wards—mi public instruction—on the mines
—mi commerce—and on police.
mitt of transporting the fame distance by frafF* to * cnnffidal* r "“' 0
ir | lection, and prior to the opinion utile
nation being asceitnined, us well ,- me
established claims of the individual | u r
this high trust.
\H\.\\ViftTYe.
H asuingtun, June 13.
SPANISH CLAIMS.
The Board of Commissioners, on Sa
turday, at tlie motion ofone ofthe Coun
sel, appointed Monday, (lie 24lh inst.
finally to determine the question as to
the reception of claims arising from
breach of contract with our citizens by
the gov ernment of Spain. It will be re
membered, that the Commissioners, a
little befoie the close of their last ses
sion, addressed a letter to the Secretary
of State, (lie object of which was to as
certain the intention ofthe high contract
ing parties, with regard to these par
ticular claims. The reply of Mr. Adatns
reduced the Commissioners to the un
pleasant alternative of violating the good
faith ofthe United Stales, or of deciding
contrary to their own construction ofthe
treaty : they did not of course, hesitate
to sacrifice their own opinions, and ac
cordingly intimated to those concerned,
that their only re.ason for delaying to
enter these claims on their docket, as
received, was the promise which they
had given to hear Ihe arguments of the
adverse. Under such circumstances,
however, it appears to us that all argu
ment would he superfluous.
\Ye understand that the Board also
made known on Saturday the general
course of proceeding which they had
adopted for the present session. They
will go on with the examination of all
the original and supplemental memorials
filed in pursuance of their last older,
and then proceed to set down for exami
nation according to the rule of the
Board, the claims which have been six
months received. It is important, there
fore, that claimants should be ready with
their documents, as ive learn that no ad
ditional proof will be admitted after a
claim is once set down /or examination,
unless the most satisfactory reasons arc
assigned for the delay.—Mat. Int. I
The Board of Commissioners on
Claims under the Spanish Trenlv.
determined to receive the claying founded
on Contract. A ntul very luminous
opinion er* inis point was yesterday de
livered by Judge White.—lb.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
The subsequent article from the last
N. Y. Daily Advertiser, evinces in the
trongest manner the fine spirit in which
Facts of this description speak for
themselves. This cheapness of convey
ance substantially moves the fertile le
gion of tbe western pari of N. V. almost
ten times nearer to the se,i board and
market than nature has glared it Thou
sands of emigrants will thick thither ;
and N. York will advance with aston
ishing rapidity to numbers and wealth.
No one can contenq late this grand en
terprise of connecting Hie Atlantic with
She Lakes, the spirit which undertook it,
or the consequences which it will pro
duce, without tlie deepest admiration.
Meantime, what is Virginia doing ? Is
lie prosecuting her internal improve
ments vvitli energy I Are those im
provements projected or conducted with
discretion ? Civil engineering is one of
those services, w hich are most peculiar
ly important to a young ami rising coun
try—and it is precisely one of those,
wiiicli it is must difficult to acquire.
We drop tlie subject from a deep sense
of our own incoinpetency. We do not
envv N. York for her spirit fortunate
would it he for us, if wc could imitate
it :—Rich. Enquirer.
(ill V.\D CANAL.
We are informed tty a geutiemnn wtio lias
just returned from a visit to Buffalo nod Nia
gara Fulls, that lie travelled RiO miles in tbe
new convenient imssHce boats on tlie Erie Ca-
n.iI : viz. from Little Kails to tltica 22 miles
I(itea to Montezuma, by Koine, 3y •
rac.n-e, and Weed's Basin, Off
Crossing from Montezuma over the
Sene* a Reiver and tlie Cayuga Mar
shes, fi miles, and iqi the river Clyde
it 1-2 miles to Block-house—he a-
gain takos the canal ami passing the
flourishing villa :es nf Lyons and I’cl-
uiyra to Hartwell's Basin, 42
hill miles.
O.a this route are already seen pa-sage boats,
with good accommoila ions, and hundreds of
other boats ti ansportiug immense quantities of
produce to Utica; a.id such is tlie 'lock in
liiis sla'e, that there are now 100,000 barrel.*
of flour alone on the lank-ofthe canal, Itial
cannot t»o transported for want ol bout.-—
many of which arc now building that cost
frotn ,j(IOO to £400 each, and carry from l - >0
to 400 barrels.— I'lipse boats nave taken freight
from Montezuma to Utica, a distance of near
ly 100 mile-, at lire cxtrrnety low rate of 5
cents per cut. or one dollar per Ion, which is
about one tenth the former rule of transporting
the same Hiitaure by u-agons; in this case, tlie
owners of goods paid the tolls, which however
arc very trifling.
Kin* passage boats arc drawn try thee hor-es
tandem rigged; the other boat-bv one or two
horses, according to ihe size of the boat—a
boy rides the rear horse, and travels from
iIii'it to four miles per hour Passengers li liv
ing Utica at 8 o’clock, reach Weed s Basin, 87
tinles, 111" next in on line at seven o'clock tra
veiing all night. Tbe charge is only 4 cents
ed' mile, which includes In.t.rd amt lodging,
both of which arc as good, if not liettc, than
the taverns on tlie road. This is ns rapid as
tlie lages travel, im ch le-- expensive, iio ri-k
nt life or limb, and uo fatigue or dust ultcnd-
iug.
I'hcGrand Canal is nearly finished from Sche
nectady to Little Fall , lid mile*—from Mon
tezuma to Clyde, or Block house, td miles;
and 11oin Hartwell's Basin to Geue-cc River,
and from till!nen to l.ockport, 7l* mites—alt
of which it is said, Will tie filled, mid boats at
lowed to pass, ori or before the first day of Oc
tober next; making 260 or 270 mile-, through
one of tlie i iche-t and most valuabln parts of
the stale of New Y -rk. Numerous emigrants
bom tlie hardy and industrious nothern and
cu-teru hive are to tie seen transporting them-
selves and their families, at little or no ex
pense, to settle on the lands bordering on llie
Canal.
Merchants residing in Pitt-burg, Cincinnati!,
Lexington and Luisville, and in Michigan and
Indiana,ffi-ill soon get their goo is transported Jor
1-4 the jrr.ee they now pay, ti save as much or
more in the breakage uud damage now mm
Voidable in wagons, besides the saving of half
or two thirds in time; which, in fact, is ex
tending tlux credit on their goods.
Emigrants and their families must prefer the
canal to any other route on every account—ex
pense, time, health and comfort, t^c.
Tlie amount nf loll aire d/ received at the
office in Uticuthis spring exceeds tlie sum paid
the whole of last year, and it is supposed it
will amount to ol) or 6(J,(.HJO dollar-.
[«V. V. V ,‘ldv ]
PENNSYLVANIA POLITICS.
Extract of a letter from Philadelphia.
The nearer we approach to tlie presi
dential election, and the * lection of u
Governor, the more pressing ts the
cry nf union among republicans. The
conciliatory and temporising political
policy of President Monroe, has been
closely imitated by Governor I leister
The example of preferring our oppo
nents to our friends has also linen broad
ly set hy your Governor Clinton ; and
thus have we had the prospect of the
general administration, and tlie two first
states in tlie Union, becoming tlie S'.le
political property of the federalists, bv
tLis dangerous and most impolitic course.
\our stale has saved us, and probable
the party throughout the Union. You
have, in the choice ofa plain and honest
republican candidate as Governor, and
your other high oflices in the state, given
a proof of what perseverance will effect
when governed by principle.
W e have two or three candidates talk
ed of for Governor. The western parts I fore it was at ail
of the state and the strangest democratic, tween twenty aqd thirty stort
speak of Mr. Lowrie, of tlie United I lings, besides lninher and e
Prudence dictates that Pennsylvania,
on this great point, should go with New-
York ; nntl the political regeneration i f
both stales fhould be marked by a con
cert in action, which may have a happy
effect throughout the Union. Nothing
will tend more to strengthen this bond,
this unity of sentiment, than for both to
stand uncommitted In any candidate; and,
when the time arrives to act, then give
Ihe suffrages of both states to a man of
most experience, worth and democratic
principles.—Af, K. Mat. -Ids.
Legislature of Mew-Hampshire.—Ot>
Friday last Gov. Bell transmitted a Mes
sage to both houses of (lie Legislature-,
lie touches upon the three branches of
industry, Agriculture, Manufactures and
Commerce, and speaks of their progres
sive state of advancement. ’I lie State
Prison then engages Ids attention and be
thinks tlie facts in New-Hampshire in
regard to its operations, prove tbe Peni
tentiary system to possess advantages
over preceding modes of putiishnu nt.—•
The grea'est numbers of convicts ul a-
ny one time has been 71, tbe present
number is L8. The whole cxpence of
the establishment including the salary of
the Warden, alter deducting the profit*
derived from the labour of tho convicts
has been as follows : for tbe year tolf.i,
$862 72—the year 1620. $3i.O 15— tl.a
year 1621, $232 89. The annual ex-
pence of furnishing food and clothing to
each convict was for tile year 1319,
lo—for 1620. $34—for" 1821, $23 20
rents. He sin.II close an interesting
series of facts connected with this iurt;-
ution with (lie following extract:
“ file maxim, that tlie certainty nf
punishment i' more efficacious in tin-
prevention of crimes than its severity,
has commanded the assent and belief < f
tlie executive. Tho power of remitting
the punishment of convicts w itli w hich it
i- invested, has therefore been very’
sparingly exercised. Within the last ;;
veins, only live convicts have, n c uej
a remission of any pait of their punish
ment. Three ol these labored under
diseases belivrd (o be incurable, bv the
physician of the prison, one was alfcct-
ed hy mental derangement, and tlie te-
maining individual had conducted in an
unexceptionable manner, during his re
sidence in prison, and was pardoned at
the intercession of his aged father and ua
helpless family.”—Ros. Guz.
We continue in to-dav’s p :, ppr, mir
extracts of foreign intelligence received
at New-York, by the arrival ofthe ship
l’anthea, from Liverpool. The ac
counts from Ireland are of a most afflict
ing and heart rending nature. On re
ferring to lfie details, it will bo "seen
that whole districts of that unhappy
country are visited by (he dreadful
scourges of famine and disease, and th. t
thousands of human beings are depend
ent for their existence on mere chance,,
or Ihe precarious charity of the affluent,.
In the American of Tuesday last, a wri
ter, w hose mi lives are alike honorable
to llis native as to his adopted land, pro
posed that some immediate measures
should be taken to relieve, to the extent 1
that circumstances would admit, the dis
tresses ofthe starving people of Ireland..
So far as our knowledge exiends, this
praiseworthy proposal has mot the sane-
tion and warm approbation of manv,
wbo have expressed a cheerful willing*
ness to aid in so god-like a charily. Al
though no public meeting has y et been
called nor plan adopted for tLis excellent
purpose, we kuow sufficient to feel conv
vinced that the cause is not to I « sittii*-
buted to want of sympathy or inclination
on the part of our fellow-citizens, Evtv
ry man, whether Irishman’, the prs-
CENDANT of an Irishman, or net, that w 9.
have yet conversed with 011 the subject,
approves tbe proposal, is “ ziilling r»
give"—and will step forward lo aid in
tho “good work” it a call is made t»
that client. He hope, therefore, tli®
call of a meeting will not be delayed—t
we-only wait for the sanction of a res
pectable name to make such a cal!—ivin «
we feel assured that tlie example of Bal
timore will be followed bv a stm.bir
movement in many other parts ofthe LV
luted Stales.—Baltimore American.
GREAT FIP.E A V BALTIMORE P
I he largest hire which everocr.uncf
in Baltimore, A; the most destructive i f
property, took | i.tce on Sunday after
noon la-t. It bruin* out at 4 o'clock, in
Ihe lumber-yard ofKirhy and Chi'h, in
the rear of M. F.lderry's wharf, a „j, p ( ijt
topped, consumed be-*
stores and d-v* l J
oods. i be'
States’ Senate, au undeviating republi- lumber alone which was burnt is estimi-*
can ; the lower pari mention Mr. BrjanUtd d,1 bundled thousand dollar? nndth*
the present Auditor, a highly rejects- ( K'kle loss at several hundred thon-a-T
b!e republican, ihe f eU eralists, tv |, c I dollars. The fire is said to hayc hern
ui ^ u,,) in fnree Rod UIk of John occasioned hy a negro hoy living; i IT
• 'rm'ant, Henr” Baldwin, or some 0-1 toy cannon in a house used for (he i!rc 5 .
sing of shingles.
We regret to add, (says the ChronV
tlier* ; and there are some ofthe Jeffer
son school who are of opinion that Al
bert Gallatin, who is about returning to
the state, would receive, a general sup
port and give a high & useful characted to
I’ennsyvania. There would be no serious
opposition to Mr. G dlatin ; & it may be
questioned whether it is not time to place
an old democrat of great aud enlarged
VitiWH lit t)lO lion«l oC «■**•*» eltil a
The attempt which you may have
•ecu made of pledging Pennsylvania in
the Grand Canal of New York has been ) favour of Mr. Calhoun as President, will
pursued. By the first of October next.
260 nr 270 miles of tbe Canal will be
completed ; and it is already ascertain
ed by an experiment on that portion of
it wliirh is now in use, the cost of trans
portation h ab*ut mxo tenth tho former
cle.) that some lives were lost, and sex'
vcral persons severely injured.
The fire were not checked before
o’clock, owing the high wind and tbe
combustible nature oi the articles tn anj
about (he stores.
I f „ ,«
private histories of unfortunate fatnilits,
we shall find most of their calamities to
hare proceeded from neglect of the nvc/
entirely fail ; not but what Mr. Calhoun j ful duties of snhtiety, economy, and a
har many friends, and has great merit ; tentioh to domestic concerns, wh*
but it is derogatory to the character of a| though they shine not in the eye nf e
great state, and fatal to its political j world, nay, are often subjected to r’’
streng'h and policy, to be thus surren-1 Icquy, are yet tho guardians of
dering its power aud pledging its suf- i olhoctot, oad ofHideptAltJeuc^