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tvr present oii r r< tders tath the Oration tie*
liverrd 6j />- Jon* Gorman, in this place,
an t/ie 4t/» t'iiR<. politely furnished for pub.
Haitian, at the request of the committee.
ORATION.
Mr Friends1 m< d not remind you of
the occasion, which lias assembled us :—
Ton are deeply penetrated with the ideas
connected with if. I set its sentiments de-
picted in your oo mtenances. Wrapped in a
jluw of generous enthusiasm, I bohold you
»trendy transported, in imagination, to the
moment which was destined to operate a
flew era in I tie history of our species;—to
that well memoried moment, when the. Gr;-
!»IC» of Liberty and our country, bearing
with indignation the new impositions, daily
Jjeaped upou her, insulted and oppressed,
threw off the fetters of bondage, which she
had been forced to wear in the days of her
childhood ; when she received, tor the fust
time, those loud acclamations ut her votaries,
kneeling at her altars, which are reiterated
by us, at this day, with a kindred devotion,
and which will be homo along with the de
solating (light of years, on the sweetest breath
of I’oejy and Eloquence.
Than the Independence of America, what
greater theme of the same nature, ever en
gaged the attention of mail ? Whatever
presented his contemplation with such a
grand spectacle of wonder, or held up such an
interesting prospect to futurity ?—A coun
try almost unbounded in extent; separated
from the rest of the world by the sea j co
vered by a fine soil and a pure air ; cooled
Rnd refreshed by a million of streams, wind
ing and flowing in every direction; posses
sed by a few families, assembled from all
nations of the earth, tinctured with the east
of their various institutions and governments,
fvlio, ere the third generation is born, are
exquisitely assimilated into one in soul and
sentiment, and are free by iheiruwn exerti
ons.
What spirit hovered nver this chaos,—thi«
(nixed mass nf discord sot feeling and sym
pathy,—that blended them orderly together,
nnd mused them to flow in one mighty cur
rent ?—In a word, that raised a new moral
and political world, out of the heterngenious
ruins of a former, where Religion, with con
science unfettered, builds her temples, and
worships in her own way ; and natural Li
berty, once so beloved by the Greeks, hut
now long banished the soriety ot man, erects
her emerald throne, and bids the oppressed
of all nations approach and enjoy her peace
ful reign.
We shall "non see that this spirit is no n-
thcr than physical causes, operating under
(he guidance of a gracious Providence.
Who, one hundred years ago, who IJsay,
could have anticipated such a phenomenon;
who, had it. heen declared, would there then
have hern to believe it? We naay answer none.
It was something quite out of the ordinary
course of things, opnn which men could not
Calculate ; fit had it been proposed, even in
theory, would it not have been received by ttie
wisest men, as the merest fiction ? Neverthe
less, it isja reality ! we are free! we are our
selves ! What then ? When our nation was
on infant, was she a giantess in strength and
power; a sage, in wisdom and prudence; and
did she accomplish at this tender period of
her existence, what other nations have been
unable to do at the maturest age ?
But our liberty and independence, inaio
sense of the word, are miraculous : we must
seek for the causes in the circumstances pe
culiar to ourselves, whether they lie in the
moral or physical world.
Wc know, My Friends, we are the crea
ture of circumstance—that we act from the
inspiration of the moment ;—think it not
then presuming too much upon a hvivniba
sis, sin>uid vou be told, that it is the air you
breathe; the earth upon which you walk ;
tile prospects that surround you ; the gran
deur and magnificence of nature in the new
world, that inspired your Fathers with the
moral elements of the revolution,—that made
them feel they must be free ;—that made
them scorn the fetters of slavery ;—and that
the same causes, which gave birth to these
feelings, gave birth, at the same lime, to he
roism and a martial spirit, the means, by
which the ends were to be accomplished.
How then could they be but free, when
nature oracled it to them in every object ;
when they had it impressed every moment,
upon every sense ! Or can a man act contra
ry to the physical laws of his constitution;—
can he seethe sun at midnight, or cease to
pursue that wliich most delights him ?
I propose for your entertainment, at this
moment, some eonside.rations of those caus
es, or rather, moral elements, which predis
posed to the revolution, and which will for
ever tend to consecrate this country to liber
ty, under the influence, which climate and
country exert upon tho character and go
vernment of a people, as has been observed
from time immemorial. But it cannot he
expected I am to enter into any thing like
minute investigation, as the subject is better
fitted for a volume, than an oration. But,
that I may introduce the discussion of my
subject, under more favorable circumstan
ces, I ling first to he indulged a moment,
while I point out the peculiarities of our his
tory, and in what respects it stands alone and
distinct from all others.
First then, the origin of the history of most
fill lilt nations of antiquity, was fabulous,—
Originated in the creativeness of the imagi
nations of their Poets ; Ours is real, a mat
ter of f.irt, within the memory of man.—
Their first hcrors were of divine extract, and
.commonly, in the first place, proved them
selves to he possessed of more than mortal
virtue, and worthy to sway the sccplfeovei
the rest of mankind, by contending with hy
dras, and overcoming wild beasts of the de-
*art. S ich were Cephena, Hercules, .Eneas,
Jason, Perseus, Polux and Castor. These
kind of illustrious personages, after their
death, had temples erected, and divine ho
nors paid them:—they took their seat on
the starry girdle of time, where they were to
fill the universe with their splendor, and ex
tend their benignant influence to the latent
ages of man.
The Romans could trace up their line to
a celestial origin,—they were in their own
estimation the descendants of Aseanius—
they, therefore, had a right to put their yoke
on the rrst of Mankind—they did so :—Most
ail other nations could do the same thing,
nnd were possessed of a like belief. Their
(JEneas was horn near Heaven; Romulus,
the founder of their Empire, was suckled by
a Wolf, the must savage and ferocious of
beasts Our Washington was purely of
mortal parentage, nnd suckled at the breast
of a woman, the mild st, mo»t amiable, and
gentle creature on earth. If he w anted the
».n age ferocity nf the wolf, was he less mar
tial and valorous in his disposition ; and tho’
rnt like Romulus a near kinsman of the Di
vinity, was he less Divine in his eouacils and
deliberations? The only incenlites of his
notions, were patriotism and Ihe love of iir-
toe; Ihe only rewards he desired, the ap
probation of Heaven, and the good will of
Jj.j fellow creituru. lie expected no tern
les for hi* worship after death, no eonepieu- his mind, a twinkling taper half extinguish-
us station among tile starry hosts of night, ed ; he will havn neither taste, nor capai it)
The governments of the old world, fertile
most pari, are under the control of those,
who have a hereditary right, or of those,
who have usurped power and vvadi-d to the
throne through blood. Such were Crom
well, William, nnd Bonaparte.
The political institutions of maw, like the
physical objects, which cover the face ol the.
earth, seem liible Xo decomposition and
reformation, and partake of that fldetuity,
which is common to every thing below the
sun. Though they may possess many fea
tures entirely new, yet they are of the same
materials of those whirh have disappe u cd
in a new shape:—They are plants, which
have been torn up from the ground, and tak
en root again in the same soil; they have
changed their feature, but not their place.
Such is pretty much an outline of the go
vernments of the other three parts of the
world: But the case is far diffrent with ours:
It is an exotic transplanted into a new soil,
fanned by a new sky, and washed by n new
ocean, which have imparted to it a capacity
to resist the decomposing action of lime—a
durability of its own.
In most other governments, power radi
ates from the centre,—from a few individu
als distinguished without any just reason,
who sway with an unholy hand an unennse-
crated sceptre : in ours, ihe order is revers
ed :—it radiates from the circumference to
the centre;—all being in power, all being
rulers.
Power seems to be to the systems of go
vernments what electricity is to the physical
world ; it is the electric aura of the moral
When the forceful equilibrium of the former
is destroyed, it in ay explode Ihe national
istence of a people ; when Ihe latter, it may
displace and undo a world. May not,
then, anarchy and despotism be to the mo
ral, what a comet is to the physical system
of nature ?
Sustained hy principles so congenial to the
nature of man's happiness, how invaluable
then must appear our government, in what
ever light you contemplate it, how happy
our people, and how secure and inviolable
our rights
0 ! Liberty, first .smile of Heaven, first in
gredient nf human happiness! Nature’s first
call in infant life, the last ill death ! Chaste
Virgin! Fair inhahitress of thu sky, thy
birth-place! Equally despised and beloved
by mortals ! in starch nf a durable hahitati
on on earth, thou hast travelled thu world
over ! at Athens and at Rome thou f mildest
hot a temporary one !—They abandoned
thy worship, and defiled thy holy altars; they
filled thy temples with demons, bi polluted
whatever was saered to thee :—Thou fledest
with thine eagles!—Thy virtuous friends
mourned thy departure !—It was the day ol
triumph to thine enemies!—Sin stalked a-
hroail in the robes of saints,—the Virtues
went into voluntary exile,—and all that was
good—and lovely,—and beautiful, withered
to the tomb! But following the courae of the.
sun, thou at last hast found a people devoted
to thee from the purest intentions, a clime
a home congenial to thee, where thy tem
ples rest on columns of adamant, fitted alike
by nature to resist the attacks of time and
thine enemier. That clime, my friend 5 , is
America, the home and birth-place of us all
1 have now come to that part of iny 9uh
ject, in which l am to treat more imrueili
ately of the influence, wliich climate and
country exert upon the character and go
vernment of a people ; and I confess I fee
no small share of diffidence, when I recollect 1
am entering a region, upon which Genius has
often poised her eagle-eye,—at once a theme
for philosophy, and a sky unlimitedly ex
tended for the flights of fancy.
At une time or alher, all the rarwtlco
differences of the human race have been at
tributed to these two sources ; equally alike
the stupidity of the Cretans, the Albinos,
and the sageness of the llsitleys and tile
Newtons, the white skin nf the Circassian
and the jetty hue of the Dongolean, the. gi-
hnts of Patagonia and the dwarfs of Lap
land. Never did fanry tike her flight so
wild ! Never were such brilliant lalseliuods
blended w ith truth!
But what are this country and climate
which have so far changed,and modified tire
character of man ? Are. their influence only
nominal, and would he and all other animal
remain the same, were their constitutions to
undergo alteration ? We think not. They
are stimuli, which constantly tease and op'
rate upon his exterior organs, which mould
and develope his constitution, and which se
cretly communicate activity to the springs
of his ::oul, from which originate arts, scien
res, religions, politics, and all that relates to
his intellectual nature. What does a man
see and feel, hut that by which he is sur
rounded ? What a great source of ideas and
reflections then, must the earth he to him
upon which he walks, and from which he
derives his support, and the air, which he
respires, the one terminating his prospect
below, the other above ! And what are go
verninents, hut an assemblage of ideas in his
mind, regarding the best means of his own
happiness and safety, and that nf others ?
If then these physical stimuli of climate
and country arc such, a3 are best adapted to
his organic stamina, his constitution will be
developed in the most perfect manner pos
sible ; his mind will he higher wrought and
of better finish; and he will instinctively
seek a government more refined, and hi tler
adapted to the ends nf his happiness and
safety. He will have strength of body to
tultivale the soil and defend his right ; he
will have genius and imagination for (lie fine
arts; he will inient sciences; and he will
have ambition to point him out the road to
glory. It is not one country and one clime
he now inhabits: he takes possession of Ihe
stars, and creates for himsplfinvisihle worlds,
which he fills with Ihe most sublime and au
gust attributes:—The ehulitions of his ex
panding soul overflow infinite space, and
stretches itself beyond where Time may
linpp to lake his flight!—lie fills tho world
with his music, and his songs ;—his Fauns,
his Sylphs, hisjNymphs, Nereides and Dry-
ndes. preside over the grovps, the fountains,
and tile waves. He loves ! lie sings!—and
with invincible arm, he fight3 his battles;
the rest of mankind behold his superiority
with wonder and admiration; they believe
he it descended from the Gods, and bend
their necks to his yoke ; he vainly gives into
tho delusion himself, and thus, what is pure
ly the effect of (oral circumstance, of the
country where he lives, it mistaken for the
attribute of Heaven.
In comparatively modern times, tills fact
was admirably illustrated by the poor na
tives of Peru and Mexico, who looking on
with amazement upon the superiority ofthe
resources of the Spaniards, their enemies
readily gave into the belief of their immorta
lity and invulnerability.
But on the contrary ; if the country he in
habit be poor and sterile, enjoy an unequal
distribution of heat and light, tlie air loaded
with unwholesome vapour, his constitution
will be hut imperfectly developed, his or
gans deformed und foebl# in tlw'r functiops,
fur arts, sciences, aud governments ; he will
devoid of ambition and tin* love ol glory:
instead of religion, there will be hii|m-i-,tl.iuti;
instead at pas,ion, apathy ; instead of song
rordingly, the black foxes, bears, and birds
of warm climates, turn white in arctic coun
tries, mid vice versa, tile w bite arctic ereu
tinea assume the black hue in warm climate.-.
|, man subject tu the same law ?
In truth,every nation seems to lutve amuse*
the gliniiny tacit 1 unity nf insensibility ; ami 1 menu, pleasun a, sorrows, ills* uses, crimes,
liewill he devoid uf that tender, divine sen- v ii lues, manners, customs, institutions, go-
tiineut, wliich, in oilier countries, exalts amt veiniiiuiils, vices, murals,religious,audsupei -
dignifies tlie female sex ; and here, woman, | slilious of iheiruwn. in all tint countries, tin
w ith those charms, which elsew here are w ont j w orld over, Love has established his domini
to tyrailise, must forever snik
with the brutes.
I do not stop to point out nil those nnti
ons, which correspond to these descriptions,
as it is presumed that neither tlie loe*~
general correctness of tile stntemWrl
he doubted. Wlmt then ir the intellectual
world within ns, but the shadow modified of
that which is without, which constantly im
presses and solicits our exterior organs,
which gives occasion to ail our thoughts,
w hich communicate to us the impulse ot ex
istence, and thereby become part of our
selves. Should vve lie astonished then, that
the intellectual should constantly >eat time
to all ttie changes of the physical * arid ?—
Does nut every thing go to attest the fact?
And does it not beam with strong effulgence
tu a parallel on-, and rides a proud despot, ensuing his Se-
[ raglios, and instilnt ng polygamy, against the
wii| ul lleaien, and eveiy sympathy and
feeling of tile heart. Here Beauty pleads ii.
min to follow him she loves, and partake hij
fortunes; her weakness, winch protects her
in other countries, Is here tier crime j amt
her ehanna, w liieli secure tier respect ami
admiration, almost to idolatry, became lici
spoiler : Nature is outraged ; she. is impri
soned for tile, or sold in market as merchan
dize, or the staple commodity of tier conn
try. Tu use the language of the physinlo-
gi.-ts, it is here the epigastric constitution
seems to have gained the entire ascendency ;
accordingly, all is pas-ion, mill hut little in
tellect, genius, or enterprise, ami the govern
ment, as might have lieeu expected, either
upon genuine psychology ? The Christian I monarchical nr despotic.
. . a -* ' 1 — If the remark of Fontanelle he ju-t, that
xtenderl
Religion lias ceased to flourish at Jirnsalem,
(liearts anil sciences in Egypt. What have
become of tlie countries of Aristides, The-
inistuclea, Tully and Cato? Why, the Ox
now silently eats Ids hay in those very pla
ces, where their powerful princes otce issu
ed their edicts to the world, and the hissing
nf serpents fills those spacious domes, that
once echoed the devotional hymns of an au
gust and mighty people !
Great as are t’he changes wrought by cji- j
mate and country on Ihe exterior organs ot
man, greater still appear to be thosbon his
moral and intellectual constitutions, VN w
know if a race of people settle a ne.v coun
try, separated by lofty mountains ut rivers,
:hcy will reuse to lie tin* same :—A fart will
become fierce and warlike, will cultivate the
arts and sciences ; the other wall he gassnr,
and without energy ; the one will rc.ch the
greatest acme of human perfection, fit leave
Ihe monuments of its arts and indmlry to
future times ; while the other will approach
the opposite extreme, and one coraaon ru
in cover all.
It was remarked hy Fontanelle, that in the
South, the arts and sciences have ncrer ex
tended beyond Egypt, and in the No th, be
yond the confines of Sweden. Whs* then ?
Do heat and cold equally alike queneli those
organic fires of his constitution, which mys
teriously give birth to the intellectual attri
butes of man ? or has he descended from dif
ferent origins, and are the different modifica
tions of tniinl ami body, exhibited hy the va
rious races of people, who inhabit Him globe,
his birth-rights, which he has received from
the hand of nature ? No ! No !! \V* arc
assured to the contrary from the best autho
rity. When Time was an infant, they were
his playmates, and their birth like his, is lost
in the night of the eternity that is passed.—
Tlieir evolution has heen gradually effected
hy the changes our wot Id has undergone ;—
they are the legitimate exertions of physical
laws, which existed ere the invention of let
ters or human records And we have rea
son to believe, there is a greater variety of
our species, at this day on the earth, than
there was in the times of Heredotius. May
not, then, the germ of the human race yet
be in a stats of partial developement; and
may not the prolific action of the elements
upon the body of man, that gravitate fit war
round this planet, in time to come,give birth
to a new race, as different, as the Europe
ans and the aborigines of our own soil?—
What is to check tlie career of nature, or
p o..a «!.• nf those IgWS, (pjltyU
have already diversified our species r
If M Cuvier, the great French Naturalist
is to be trusted, man is comparatively a new
inhabitant of this planet; and seventy spe
ries of animals lie entombed beimv the sur
face, whose funerals nature celebrated with
horrible pump, in the terrible convulsions
she ha r undergone. We know the period of
human life, in the first ages, was protracted
to a much greater length, than it is at present.
It is, therefore, probable, that every climate
on the globe has undergone changes inure or
less unfavorable to man, and every other
species of animals. So much docs this ap
pear to he the case, that some one has ex
claimed, “ How much too bold would hr
that hypothesis, which should declare the
Oranoutong a species of man, whore mnsti
net*e wind View, that will no! v af; ungusted
leasin'.-, nor a glove bluotn, that will not
lied its fragrance in the air, long after it has
withered from tlie face of the earth. And
when these muses of future days shall be
|i,,ld ihe Urn of our Franklin and uur \\ ash
on, tin y ilia I u reive fie-.h inspiration, tin
.astern In luisplierv,— the whole world wil
ling with melody before uni)red i—h
against tht CrecVta and which had c ,
lor some time under prepnraifon.
It is stated on the authority nfiottr rj
fiou. St. Petersburg of the drii Aliy t:
the Emperor Alexander li.u J set out k
join the armies, but the ix.l,.io t ..e oq
Loudon did not experience any dt-ilinc
<i consequence. Of the negotiations
h they wtil gife n new immortality of hi- with Turkey little is mentioned, and Und
uviqand new garlands to deck the forehead
that will i xhihil fresh urn nness, until Time
-hall have destroyed every thing but him-
-elf, and he left alum: amid the desolation hi
has made.
You, My Friends, are to be the great pro
genitors, the venerable ancestors of thata: il
lustrious races of men, who are to rlime in
the future annals of this country, who are to
attract the wonder and admiration of the rest
of mankind, hy exhibiting to them w halever
is rare and fragrant in poetry, whatever n>
great, useful, and profound in philosophy,
whatever tends to the consummation of the
happiness of our spi rit s in gut ernment, and
by whatever is ornamental and exalted in
virtue.
If there were no other evidence, it is con
trary In all former experience,—to all
that is treasured up in philosophy, that the
loo in so guarded a way, that it is ienpos
sihle to arrive at any conclusion on the
subject. The political relations b e .
tween Russia and Tut key, it is asserted,
had undergone no change since the lust
advices were written.
An order had been received in Londoty
from St. Pelersborgh, for dUO.ObU mus
kets for the Russian army.
Gen. Sebastians has refused the com
mand of a large French army to be lot til
ed as a cordon, on the frontiers of Spam.
Accounts from India give the most di«.
trussing details of the destructive pro.
gress of the cholera morbus. 'I he u.
vagus at IJtissorah, have l.eeti mn-t
iyeadful. Of principal merchants ofthe
the a Is and taflcnces, have nev
beyond Egypt in the South, and Sweden in
the North, that portion of the globe, in which
tlie human rai e reaches their greatest per
fection, is comparatively a narrow slip, con
lained within lltc temperate Zone. It wa-
this portion ol earth, so much favored hy
nature, which .ve may consider as a kind ol
physnlugical and inlellertn.il hut-house, that
gave birth tu all those great nations, wlios
poets, warriors, and philosophers, w ill he the
wonder of all future times, and whose prair
ie ill wake the lyre of the unborn sous of
song. It was here, we may observe, ttie hu
man race were first planted in the ineffable
beauty of their Creator’s image The fine
air of Eden imparted tone and elasticity In
their constitutions, which were to them, as an
atmosphere of light, through which tin ir
minds could mount up t» the contemplation
of the suhlimest objects. But no sooner
were they expelled these breezy clime-, than
they felt the malignant influence nfan iin
poisoned iiir, the grave was brought within
view of the thresh hold of life, and they Inst
that vigor nnd bunancy of health, which gave
their mind its right to the the empire of the
skies.
From a general view of the subject, i..
truth, it would appear, that patriotism, hero
ism, the fine art«, religion, philosophy,philan
thropy fii all the virtues, that enohle hum
sons of such a country, as this can want pa-! place, (lot one remains alive, ail having
triutism, genius, talents, ambition, and thej fallen victims to the prevailing scourge.
l ive of glory ; or her daughters, grace, syn:
inetry, beauty and lovi Itness, which in the
economy of human nature, seem direct
ly re I ati d to heroism and the love ol glory :
They go with us not to the place ot danger,
but their smiles and their tenderness linger
ing in memory, give the husoin its support,
and l he steel its edge in the moment ol con
flict ; and thus they repel the invaders of
lUeir country. As priestesses of Nature,
they inspire us with tin- sentiments of hu
manity ; and by uniling the t xtremenf tilt ii
own make with ours, call into anility the
noblest virtues. It h i? heen remarked, in
every country, the world over, where the)
want beauty and loveliness, the men want
every exrclicsit quality, nnd wieiety almost
every valuable hie-sing. It then these quali
ties nf theiis excite heroism and the love i f
glory in the Bosom of man, it is necessary
that'tins women of a country should he beau
tiI'uI and lovely, for It tu make any gr eat pro
gress m glory and the conquest of empire.
How rapidly have Ihe moral and civil stales
nf Persia increased,-nice the introduction
of the rircassimi and Cashinerian wuirtet.
the handsomest and must beautiful ol tin it
sex on earth. How powerful Yiml diffusa i
ire such stimuli! a despot, who has poured
out. i\ ithoilt a tear, oceans of innorent hiiod,
kneel nnd weep at the feel of a heanti
The details amount to 1.00 per day on
an average, and the inhabitants were
dying from the place in every direction.
1 lie epidemic had found its way to tlie
Arabian coast, and was doing incredible
mischief. In the province ofOmruan it
had carrier! off dO.OOO people ; and in
the city of Muscat and its neighboring
villages, no less than 10,000 persons ! id
fallen v iciims tu it, in the short space of
leu days.
I.okdo.n, May 17.
A vestel has arrived at Toulon with
intelligence that (he Greeks were be
sieging the Pinks in the Acropolis, »t
Athens, and it was feared that many of
the tinbic vvorks of art in that city would
he destroyed. The Parthenon (Temple
. fMinerva) had heen demoli-ed. Tltc
French Admiral had succeeded in paving
-one ofthe beautiful ba» reliefs wlnTi
adorn the celebrated lantern of Demos
thenes.
The only mail which has arrive ! to
day, is from Flanders. I he Brusst is ti
rade* reach down to the 14th inst. An
r!e ie from \ ienna, ofthe oth, mention!
nature,spontaneously-priiigiipin those conn-i f„| woman ; and how grand and important | that there had been a meetm" of the
great ministers of state on ttie preceding
day, and that immediately after it broke
up, despatches were sent off to London,
Paris and St. Petersburg, which wr re
supposed to relate to the affairs ot Rus
sia and Turkey, but this was merely con-
j 1 cliire, for great secrecy was observed
by the Austrian government on the sub.
feci Reports of approaching war were
current, but the general understanding
at Vienna was, that the Emperor A!o>..
under would not commence hostilities
without the concurrence of all the allied
powers.
ries,that are diversified by hill and dale, wher
the air is temperate, Sc subjec t tu vicissitud•••
the sky blue ii serene, reflecting strongly the
radiance of the heavenly bodies, and occa-t
ooally agitated hi electrised hy tempests.—
This great physical truth did not escape tin
sagacity of Hippocrates, w ho remarked dial
genius, longevity, enterpiise and a war-like
spirit, were the produce of those countries,
w hich lie exposed to Ihe sun, are hilly, and
subject to violent changes ami revolutions.—
The Persians,the Greeks, Ihe Romans, tin
Goths, the Vandals, and the Tartar) nan
ons, have all manifested the most powerful
ly martial spirit ;the world, at different peri
ods, have severely felt the scourge of tin ir
arms; and they most all succeeded in fix
itig the yoke on the rest of manki d. The
countries they inhabited are pretty much
such as were marked out for such qualities,
hy this great master of physies. Here tin-
soul takes fire at the sight ; it feels the irre
sistible inspiration of nature, as a kind of dis
traction ; it flings itseif upon its own pini
ons. and as it soars upwards, casts its eye
Ihe purposes they fulfil tu the economy of
the moral world !!
To conclude.—Of all the four quarters of
the world has nut natute spread round us
her widest oceans, above us, her bluest -kies
and left before our evcs her loftiest moun
tains, those pyramids of Iters upon which
-he marked tile date of the woiid, w hi n it
was finished ? These inspirators cannot fail
to have their effect,—tiny must flit up Ihe
blank that remains in the inap of human
nature, and yet reve«l tho most perfect
character of man.
Other countries then, seem to have their
advantages, but whatever nature, has left
out in them, necessary to the constitution of
a great and perfe ct people, she seems to
have associated in tile new world. The
ktaul}/ and loveliness of woman to excite
the corresponding qualities of heroism and
the love of glory,—the. potent and irre
sistible inspiration of nature diffused every
where round, to call into the most perfect
xistrnce every Attribute of the soul, and
uiitr.1* fitting of the? harl. must, for-
round on the prospeet of iIip universe. The I
mighty organs that play off its actions, take j ever, make America imphatieaily Ihe Temple
their directions through infinite space, as it i °* Lib irty Si the purest lit hgion her Gods,
igh mtinite sp;
points them out, and gravitate upon each o-
tlier, hy Ihe rules of its prescription. The
deep abyss ofthe Heaven above, the heights
of the mountains and extended plains below,
Ihe agitation of the winds, all aet like mag
nets upon it, they stir up its etheria! fires,
and reveal to it the beginning and end of
things, and tho immortality of its own n;ri
tore.
Teased nnd fretted hy the chissel, the
rocks leave the quarries to take on the fnim*
and visages of men, and hy the durability of I
tlieir structure, symbol to unboro ages the
the one Supreme ! and one day, become the
new birth-place, Ihe b gilimate mother of
the arts ami scieneef, aud her empire, the
empire nf the world.
A'MU'.Ui.W
JSe w-\ uiik. J une 27.
By the brig Abigail, from Dublin, we
have just received the Dublin Evening Post
of May 18th, containing London dates of
the i6th.
tutiou had heen ruined hy climate!"—he
is found in the same country, and shares his tence from imagination, and thus pre
nativity with the negro.
The action, then of climate and country
upon the whole constitution of man, is no
chimera, no hypothesis, thrown in to fill up
some ideal system of philosophy i—They
exert a real influence, by giving a most com
plete and perfect finish to his mind and bo
dy, or if they be unfavorable, hy imparting
the contrary qualities. We know that every
country on eartli has plants, animals, and
products, peculiar to itself, man by the vari-
ty of his resources being able to inhabit all
climates. The fnssel anil mineral kingdoms,
as Well as the vegetable and animal, seem to
obey the same rigid law of nature. All the
precious metals are found in greater abun
dance in districts bordering on the line, than
in other places ; and when the same pro
duct is found in different countries, it is
not without modification : Thus the oak of
our own soil is not the oak nf Norway, the
bear of the tropics, not the hear of Green
land, as the beautiful Cashinerian is not the
Hottentot.
Wc might naturally expect, then, that if
the products of one country were transplant
ed into the soil of another of different lati
tude, in time they would become assimilated
to the native growth. In favor of this positi
on, we have the very weighty authority of
Fontanelle U Buffon, according to whom, the
Europeans, who settle under tlie line, in the
course of time, will pass through ail the inter
mediate grades, from the most perfect white,
to the ebony black. Tlie Jews, who migrat
ed some years ago into Abyssinia, have be
come as black as the natives of that sultry
clime; and the descendants of the Portu
guese conquerors, who penetrated into these
legions about the middle of the fifteenth
century, have shared a similar fate. They
have all suffered a revolution no less unfa
vorable in their moral and maital constitu
tions.
Contrar'dy, however, wp know the Moors
who settled in Spain,in times past,after twen
ty generations have now sweeptd away, still
maintain pretty much of tlieir primitive cha
racter and appearance. If, !hen, the coun
tries nf the sun, can curl the hair and ebo
nise the fair complexion nf the children of
Abraham, the fine climate of Spain cannot
bleach the jetty hue, and wipe off tbA-stair
of sin, from the accursed descendants of
llam. It is the sun that imparts color to e-
very thing: it is therefore reasonable to be
lieve the air, which envelopes different porti
ons of the earth, receiving different quanti
ties of the solar fluid at different times, w ill
deeds of pas. fame and of glory. The gran-1 ,,f } 0 ' 000 P 0 ." nd » h » d b, ’, cn U suh ;
denr aud excellence of man’s and nature's j '" Loudou previous to the Ibth ol
productions, every where receive new ezis- f ” r .'i?. 1 ' ro, T f of ""i 8uffenn S P™ r
rve |
themselves from that destruction, which na
ture is always inflicting upon herself. Thus
live the glory and fate of the house of Pli
ant, the tale Troy divine; the equisite beau
ty ofthe Grecian Hi lien, the manly graces
of Mevelans, and the ever-blooming groves
ofldalia and of Daphne.
But, conlrarily, pusalanimity. superstition,
misanthrophy, and all the degrading quali
ties, spring up in level, flat countries, where
all the exhibitions of nature are uniform
and mountaneous, where, there is nothing
to call the soul abroad, or inspire it with
heavenly virtues. Such arc the countries of
the Anthropohagi, nnd such will he found
to be all those countries, w herever human
nature is degraded or sunk extremely low,
where the passions spring up, hut to harm,fit.
the mind exerts its powers, hut to increase
the darkness that surrounds it.
In all its migrations, Christianity lias ne
ver wandered frum the temperate regions, it
being the compatriot of the arts and scien
ces, and all the exalted virtues. Should its
remains, therefore, be. found in future times
among these Anthrophagi, or in llio.-e plac
es without the limits of its nativity, w hither
it is now transported by the Missionaries.it
will stand in the same light to Ihe eye of
curiosity, as do the huge relicks of the tro
pieal elephant, found in the mountains of
Norway, to the ingenious naturalist of the
present times :—And as tlie one points to a
great epoch in the physical, the other, w ill in
the moral world. But I need not garnish
these facts with useless explications, as they
must be. manifest to every study of physics.
In applying these doctrines, now, to our
own country, our happy republic, how grand
and magnificent the prospect they seem to
reveal ! The future glory of our country,
like the star in Galileo’s glass, descried
through the dark sky of ages to romr,3C‘ , ms
brought with fuil-orbed illumination intojhr
zenith of a neighboring Heaven. The $;jp r
rior splendor of its beams lights ty.i |hc un j.
verse, and all the boastodfvcatness of (hi
antiquity that is passed, is annihilated, oi
flung into obscurity: Touched hy the mag
net of the>e doctrines, the mind, seated in
laitny’sairy car, imps Gently transports her-
sell upward through time to the. moment,
when she fatches the sweet voices of the
muses t«> he born in this western hemisphere,
bursting forth in strains more harmonic k su
blime, than were heard in form«r days in
Arcadian groves, or fell from the divine Ijri
nf the Thracian Orpheus. When not n
stream will rXt its wave ousting, not a inoun
carnmunicate a now tinge tp objpets. Ac- tain rear its head to 'he sky ouhouored,
land. There is scarcely a town in Eng
land or an association w hich has nut come
I or ward on Ihe occasion. The same sym
pathy prevails in Scotland. Edinbutgli «-
well as Glasgow have met ar.d made libe
ral donations.
A vast quantity of Amcrcian flour has
been shipped at Liveipnul, for the ports ol
Cork, Limerick, and Galtvay.
Accounts from Smyrna to the 9th of A-
Thcre is reason to believe that S.vtv Mar
tin has w ithdrawn fmm Lima on a mftit wy
expedition to the interior, and that the nnr-
quis of Torre T igle is only invested wt’h
the temporary government of Peru.
There is some reason to believe, says the
Palladium, the President's Message recom
mending to Cougress to act,novvledge the
Independence of the late Spanish American
Colonies, was received at Madrid on the
15th April; and it is probable a portion,'f
the time, since has been employed by Spain,
through her Embassadors at the Courts of
Europe, in efforts to create a party against
this country on account of that measure.
For this purpose it is likely she would pro«-
pose to make some valuable cessions.
FROM GIBRALTAR.
Papers to May 18th are received at Bos
ton, from which the Palladium has given
the fullo,wing summary. The final decision
of uur Congress in favour of South America,
was published.
The Cortes has approved the appoint
ment of an Inteudant for Panama, the or
ganization of the Civil Secretary’s Ollier in
Porte Rico, and the establishment of school*
in every corps of the army.
The Algerines have rejected the iate Spa
nish overtures, and hostilities are rxpecti d
against the Spanish shipping.- [Official.]
The occurrence in the Brazils have caused
much agitation in the Portuguese Cortes.
One of the Brazilian Deputies to the Pm'a
tugtiese Cortes has proposed a scheme ■ i f
which alone tlie connexion between Brazil
pnl state that from lb to 80 Greeks were j Hnrt Portugal could in Ids opinion be in:.„i-
laily mudered, and on that day not less , llitl ed.’' Another E. Deputy appeared lu
he against this scheme.
than 40 of these unfnrtunatu men had falle
victims to popular phrenzy. All the shops
continued closed, fit no business transacted.
London, May 15.
The intelligence from the eu-l of Europi
combined favorable to the cause of the
Greeks. It has not, howev er, as yet assum
ed such a form as would induce us to dis
place domestic matter for its insertion.
The question between Russia and Turkey
remains undecided. The expectation of a
war is general, and the Emperor, it is said,
in an article from St. Petershurgh, was to
have left that capital on the 4th inst. for
Warsaw.
In France the elections arc going on in fa
vor of the Liberals. Of the eight Deputies of
the Department which embraces Paris, six
were Patriots. Some disturbances have
broken out in Spalri, but they appear not
to he formidable. A party of the losurgent-
had passed into France, and were instantly
disarmed hy the Cordon Senataire station
ed on the frontiers; an evidence in favor of
tiie good faith ofthe French government.
T.ATF. FROM ENGLAND.
»V York, June 29—By the ship.it,
captain Taylor, from Dublin, ) lave ’
received Irish papers to ,| 1C 21st May
inclusive, containin'; London date* to
the 18th, two days later than before re
oeived. They furnish accounts from
Odessa to the 20th of April, and from
Constantinople to the 14th. The for-
mer speak of war as being extremely
probable, but mention that there was so
great a scarcity offood amongthe Russian
forces on the frontiers of Turkey, that
it was supposed they would be obliged to
change their quarters, as there was not
more than ten days’ provisions remain
ing. The Captain Par.tm hail quitted! Spaniards uie^e coi;
'he Turkish capital, in order to take th< '
Thu deputies complain nf meeting wi.k
numerous ••.suits in Lisbon.
The diplomatic Committee of the Portu
guese Cortes report-J in favor nf withdraw
ing the troops from Mwnte Video. Th*
Cortes disapproved ofthe report fit to
[.V Y. Mlr. 4aY.]
Nor.ronc, June 21.
Tn Hampton Road-, brig Georgian**
Chamber) one, 17 davs from St. Ja^o di#
Cuba, with sugars, bound to N. Yo:k,
put in for supplies.
Captain Chamber! une slates, tliat S
day or two previous to his sailing, ac '
counts arrived from Pam-ma. that a
Franch fleet, ronsi-ting of 6 or 7 frigate*}
had arrived in that bay; th it ihe oft-
rers had landed, am! that a D imperlna?
treatv was going on with Cre-id r p ,-/
or, tho purport of whir' \ '
, , -. ' ' .1 rVtts r.&’ known,
hut it w as chniee* 1 .1 , , . , , .
,, , >' .ufed that it r Mated 0
D - " ,nn «’t a part of the Island (h!j
1 n, '..?o) to th* French government.
Captain C. says, that the above fieri
had arrited some short time before, he*,
were ordered off by Ihe authorities o'*
the place until the pleasure of Boyrr
could he .ascertained, when it returned,
a» above stated, the officers were pel.'
mitted to land.
FROM S T. CROIX.
Capt. Biker nfthebii_r A- ron, *(”..•
arrived thi- forenoon in 1 .*• <t;• \ - from S f
Croix, informs that on the 1 S;h ins*.
was spoken by a cutti r »! , p, beating "P
from Porto Rico, sit lenpues rie'*!i
from Si. Thom'S, ar.d inform'd that t'x
nnd
cutaraead of the fiquadroa proceedtag 1 The cutter bad :
ng to z.\ir z
’ti’p art /V
, Engthb flig,
th .1