Newspaper Page Text
SOUTHERN
VOL. IV.
M1LLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, MARCH 25, 1823.
'i?. "
’ "A fli .i.mv,
No. 7.
p i; u r.IS 11E l> W E EKI.Y,
nr5. Gll.VfTLA.YDtt R.M. ORME,
.(On Hancock st. between VV'ayne k. Jefferson,)
J.TTHUEK DOLLARS, IN AD VANCE, OR KOUR
DOLLARS AT THE EXVI K ATI ON O T THE
TEAR.
(□* Advertisements conspicuously inserted
at th8 customary rates. Letters on business,
in all muM ho ro*T imih.
[\b\ A\3TVU)IUT\.]
frnm.tr acts.']
AN ACT
in addition *0 “ An act, to continue in force
< an net, to protect the commerce of the U-
nited States, and punish the crime of piracy,’
and, also, to make further provision for pun-
(siting the crime of piracy "
He it enacted by the Senate and House, of
Jlepnsentatives 'if I he United States of Amer-
ica in Congress assembled, That the first, se
cond, third, and fourth sections of an act, en
titled “ An act to protect the commerce of
tin; United States, and punish the crime of
piracy,” passed on the *Jd day oi March, in
the year of our Lord, 1810, ho, and the same
are hereby, continued in force, ill all res
pects, as fully as if the said sections had been
enacted without limitation, in the said act,
or in the act to which this Is an addition, and
which tv as passed on the 15th day of May,
in the. year of our Lord, 1020.
Washington, Jan. 80. 1828—Approved.
JAMES MONROE.
AN ACT to divide the State of South Caroli
na into two Judicial Districts.
Tie tf enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of Ame
rica in Congress assembled, That the State
of South Carolina he, and the same is here
by, divided into two districts, in manner fol
lowing, that is to say : the districts of Lan
caster, Chester, York, Union, Spartanburg,
Greenville, Pendleton, Abbeville, Edgefield,
Ivewbury, Laurens,and Fairfield, shall com
pose one District, to be called the Western
District; and the residue of the State shall
form one other District, to lie called the
Eastern District. And the terms of the said
District Court, for the Eastern District, shall
be held in Charleston, at such itiiw. .hey
are now by law directed to he holden. And
for the trial of all such criminal and mil
causes, as are by law cognizable in the Dis
trict Courts of the United States, which
may hereafter arise nr be prosecuted, or
tuial, within the said Western District, there
shall he one annual session of tin* said Dis
trict Court holden at Laurens Court House,
to begin on the second Monday in May in
each year, to he holden by the District
Judge of tile United States of the State of
(South Carolina; and he is hereby autho
rized and directed to hold such other special
sessions as may ba necessary for the dis
patch of the causes in the said Court, at
Bitch time or times as he may deem expedi
ent, and may adjourn such special sessions to
any other time previous to a stated session.
• 7 PHILir l*. BARBOUR,
Sneaker of the House of Representatives.
1 JOHN GAII.LARD,
President of the Senate, prn-tcinporc.
**•*».'*».
ACT to revive, end continue in force, cer
tain acts for the adjustment of land claims,
in the Territory of Michigan.
He it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the Unitat States of Atntr-
<ica in Congress assembled, That the act, en
titled “ An act, to revive the powers of the
Commissioners for ascertaining and derid
ing on claims to land in the district of De
troit, and for settling the claims to land at
Green Bay, and Prairie du Chien, in the
Territory of Michigan,” approved May the
lllli, 1C JO, shall he, and the same is hereby
revived, and shall continue in hirer until the
lirst day of November next—and it shall he
the duty of the said commissioners, as soon
thereafter as may he, to forward their report,
as is required by the second section of said
act, to the Secretary of the Treasury, to be
by him laid before Congress at its next ses
sion.
Sec. S. And be it further enacted, That the
Second section of the act, entitled “ An act
to authorize the granting of patents fur land,
according to the surveys that have been
made, and to grant donation rights to certain
claimants of land in the district of Detroit,
and for other purposes,” approved April 23d,
Jl! 12, shall lie so construed as to embrace
it!! persons w ho have claims confirmed below
Milk River Point, at the lower end of Lake
St. Clair.
Sec. 8. And he it further enacted. That pa
tents shall, and they are hereby directed to,
he issued, in the mode, pointed out by law
to land, heretofore, and now, reserved by
the United States for public uses.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That,
wherever it shull appear to the said Com
missioners that any claimant to land or a
town or village lot, at Green Bay or Prairie
du Chien, cannot establish his, her, or their,
claim to the same, in consequence of his,
her, or their removal therefrom by any of
ficer of the United States’ army, it shall be
the duty of the said Commissioners to issue
a certificate to such person or persons, for
any tract of land, or village lot, which may
have been occupied by him, her, or them,
after such removal, not exceeding, in quan
tity, that originally claimed ; on which cer
tificates patents shall issue, as in other cases;
which claims shull be, in all other respects,
subject to the restrictions and provisions of
the third section oftliisnet.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That
every person, who, on the first day of July,
one thousand eight hundred mid twelve, was
a resident of Green Bay, Prairie du Chien,
or within (lie county Michilimackinaw, and
who, on the said day, occupied and culti
vated, or occupied a tract of land which had
previously been cultivated, by said occupant,
lying, within either of said settlements, and
who had continued to submit to the authority
of the United States, or to the legal repre
sentatives of every such person, shall he con
firmed in the tract so occupied and cultivat
ed ; and the said Commissioners, in adjudi
cating on claims to land embraced by this
act, are authorized to take into their conside
ration the evidence and facts collected and
reported to them by tile Agents of the Uni
ted States, pursuant to the provisions of the
act of the eleventh of May, one thousand
eight hundred and twenty, as well as such
other and further evidence and testimony as
may or shall he exhibited before them by the
claimants, to support their claims : And the
Register of the Land Office at Detroit is un
authorized and required to receive and re
cord all notices and claims to lands provided
for by this act, and which shall he exhibited
to him on or before the first day of October
next : Provided however, That no person
shall be confirmed in a greater quantity than
six hundred and forty acres ; no shall any
tract, so confirmed, exceed eighty arpents
from front to rear; and it shall he tile
duty of the Surveyor General of the United
States, under the direction of the Secretary
of the Treasury, to cause the land confirm
ed by this act to he surveyed, at the expense
of the claimants, respectively, pints of which
shall he returned, as in other eases, and pa
tents thereof shall be granted to the seve
ral claimants, in the manner prescribed by
law.
Sec. 6. And be. it further enacted, That
(lie Seelrif th.. "Preowiry shall he, and
he is hereby, authorized to alTow to »
mer agent, and to each of the persons whose
duty it. is made to carry this law into effect,
such sum, in addition to the sum allowed by
the first recited act, as he may deem just
and reasonable.
Washington, Feb. 21, 1828: Approved.
without principles, without schools, and a I
most without legislative patronage. Mil
lions are annually expended for the protr -
tion of our national commerce. Our ma
nufactures receive a bouuty, in some cases
extravagantly high, by tint imposition ol
duties upon foreign goods, But our agri
culture is left to struggle ("or ilself, against
the corn laws of Europe, unprotected and
unnoticed.
Agriculture, says an emiient statesman,
may he regarded as the hreatss from which
the state derives support aid nourishment.
Commerce, the arts, literature, manufac
tures, and the refinements ofsocial lif* .nay,
the principles of civ il liberty, depend mete-
rinlly for advancement upon fin- progress of
agricultural improvement. “Britain,” says
a late writer, “ has hitherto matched any
part of the world, in a knowledge of the arts,
and in the practice of trade and mann
facturcs. The origin of that knowledge,
and the source of those practices,” he con
tinues, “ may, in a great measure be traced
to the improvement of agriculture. This
art forms the basis, or foundation, on which
all olliers are reared ; and as it is more per
fect in Britain than in other countries, com
merce and manufactures have risen in pro
portinnal excellence.” To show the go
verning influence of agriculture, upon tin
moral and political condition of society, we
have hut to turn our eyes to Europe. The
Campania of Rome, which once was a gar
den, and boasted of more than twenty cities,
is now a noisome waste ; and the character
of its few inhabitants has degenerated, as
its agriculture lias declined. Sicily, once
the granary of imperial Rome, line, like, its
mistress, become unproductive, effeminate,
and debased. And yet, the soil of both the
Campania, and of Sicily, are celebrated for
tlu-ir fertility. Look to Spain, to Portugal
and to European Tin key. Why have com
merce, the arts and learning, languished in
those countries for centuries ? Because ag
riculture, their nursing mother, has been ne
glected and degraded.
If, then, agriculture is the fountain from
whose abundant streams every portion of
our country is watered and enriched,—how
important is it that we should watch over
it with paternal care—that we should dis
seminate its improvements, and endeavour
to multiply its blessings ;—that wo should
elevate it to the rank of a liberal and fash
ionable study, and call in the aid of science
and of approved experience, to enlarge the
sphere of its usefulness. To effect these
desirable ends, your committee respectfully
recommend, that a law he passed for estab
lishing a school of agriculture, for the edu-
ation of our young men in the practice and
theory of husbandry.
We may he told, that we are venturing on
precedent to guide ns—and, that did schools
of agriculture promise important benefits to
a state, they would long since have been
multiplied in other countries. It should In-
home in mind, that the inducements to dis
seminate know li dge among the agricultural
The establishment nf M. de l-'ellenhei gli, I (lie enliglilein-il precepts of the I'm mer, is
may lie arranged under the following heads:
1. A pattern farm, designed to serve as n
model. This exhibits “ the principle and
the application of all that has been found
advantageous, and at the same lime the
most accurate practical details.”
2. An experimental farm, designed to ad
vance the progress of tile science and the
generally enslaved to ancient modes, how
ever erroneous, or at best hot so lardy nml
pm tin I in adopting salutary changes. In no
instance, pel haps,” he adds, “is habit more
unyielding, or irrational practices more pre
valent, than among those who cultivate the
earth. And this is the more to lie lamented,
as Hgijculturc is still so far below the attain-
irt—to assist the labors of the pattern farm, mi nts to which it may fairly aspire.”
and to give exercise and instruction to the
pupils.
3. A manufactory of implements of hus
bandry of the most approved models, for the
use of the school, and for sale, under the
care of a skilful mechaniran.
4. A school of industry for the poor.—
Your committee beg leave to suggest
some of the many advantages which are like
ly to grow out of the establishment of an a-
gricnltural sliool in this state. Amt,
First, to its agriculture. This school will
collect the best systems, and most recent
improvements in husbandry, from Europe
'I he hoys belonging to this school, taken and America—analyze them,—adapt them
from the most indigent classes, are gratui- to our c limate, our soils, our productions,
tuusly instructed by n competent master, I and our wants;—demonstrate their utility in
who is constantly with them. They are j practice, and disseminate a knowledge of
kept by themselves,—receive a good educa- them into every part of the state. The
{ion, and are taught agriculture and some! Hnfwyl farm will serve to illustrate the ex-
iicchanir art, in shops attached to the os-1 tent of these advantages. Mr. Brougham
.ablishment, where most of the useful trades | visited tiiis in 11)16, and inquired minutely
ire carried on. into its details. Two years afterwards, he
5. A hoarding school for the children of spoke in iigh commendation of it in a report
tfiliience, who aic sent thither from the Ger-j w hich lie made to the Btitish Parliament,
nan states, as well as from the neighboring! upon the subject of education. The whole
lantons. The. very complete education I establishment he says, comprises hut 214
vliirh these receive, under the eye and in j acres; and the average animal profit nf tin
tic house of the principal, terminates with pattern farm alone, ior a period of 4 years,
i course in the agricultural institute—at | he found to lie £a#0 sterling,or about,S t,000
tile same time, it forms pupils \vho curry exclusive of the cattle concern, which wa
in their abodes the theoretical and practical
knowledge which they have acquired.
6. An institute of agriculture, theoretical
and practical.
This school, which was established about! "f which shall he noticed in abstract. Tile
16 years ago, lias attracted much attention first comparison is made on a nfixed, orgraz-
on the continent, and has served as a model ing. breeding and tillage farm, of 314 acre-,
for others, particularly in Hungary and Bn- io York. Under the old sistem, the net
hernia. The Emperor Alexander caused a j profits amounted to .C3I8 tils, and tindei
detailed account of it to be presented to him I the in w system, the s»m l—.i - ,---ix.ji _. ... •
in 1814. He was so well pleased with its | profit ol £506, making a difference of £'~it. :
plan and management, that he compliment-1 or nearly too per cent, in favor of tin new
ed its founder with an order of knighthood. I system ol husbandry. The second easi is
It is from the report alluded to, that the pi e-[ that of a tillage farm, of 189 acres, in Lin
Horliculturc would be improved, and us be
nefits extended by Ibis school. A km wb-ilged
of grafting, iuooulnting, transplanting ui prun
ing fruit trees,—of the best varieties of fruit,
and of culinary vegetables and their manage
ment are useful qualifications to almost eveiy
man in tlie community, and admirii.ter lo Ins
profit us well as to Iris comfort.
Secondly. To commerce and manufactures,
the benefits of this school will be in the ratio
of lliu increased products and profits of agri
culture Commerce and manufactures pros
per or languish, ns the harvest is abundant or
scanty. Take the husbandman from ihe soil,
and they perish. Multiply his products, and
they tlirivo
Thirdly A school of agriculture will im
prove the morals of society. Industry is tho
best preventive of vice, nnd the surest promo
ter of virtue. This school w il! promote indus
try, not only on account, of tin- pecuniary re
wards which il will hold out from the desire oil
juimirntde distinction which il will cherTsli.-r
The stud -nts will carry with them to their df
parsed homes, constitutions luudcncd by/
salutary Influence of field labor,—mind/,
rich: d and invigorated Ov useful knowF *
and familiar with the best systems of l/ a s 'o-
dry ;—habits of reflection, of industry,'”. in
brieiy ;—and a laudable ambition to /f ’ , 8
a business, in which private gain '
public good. The more consilient-*. * >e c
ample, whether of industry or of/" , 1
of virtue or of vice, the more exc” sl ' e . ,s •
Alienee. The greatest siimujrf 10 , slm /
application, which cm be '"I" in ”
if cn-
will he ample setyeor its indulgence. H en
dowed with an ordnary capacity, tins sen >
will confer upon tie pupil advantage- \\ i 1
- innot fail to rendd' him conspicuous m 1 ‘
kept separate. We arc furnished in Re
Cyelopmdia, with numerous statements, lit
inonstrating the superiority of the new nvt
the oltl system of husbandry—two nr Hire
•it" lMmi|MO Will .
diistry and improwinent to tb® uirclc nn-
him ; and the splere of its .influence v»
constantly enlarging. By raising the c,a,a
tor of agriculture, and clashing it among 1
liberal and learned ^uu Unuu~'u/us't-
l'ulntiss. who would otherwise ckc out li\es »f
indolence and vice. The professions arc over
stocked Mai y who have been educated in
them, are resorting to nerindture, ill qua. •*u
as ! hey are, for a subsistence. Others »\ Id
follow their example, did not lethargy, e
pride, or the wnnt of knowledge or capiDd*. in
terpose serious obstacle?. How fortunate \v< . d
it have been for these, had they been nurtured
in a school of agriculture. Instead of b* ing
burdens to their friends, ami li*cc!ic» in S ’ C| *
ety, they might have been public b* nofucor»i
and blessings to theii fnmilic>. Hint system
uf which had been 'quadnipl. d in a short j creased gain of more than 1100 per cent, m " 0 'expect a fortli’rieJ'wMhout iuwil-
tnne by hisjiulicii.il. management. The , favor ol the latter- J he medium pi off "J | ^ ri|{ j7, 1o ,| lem n «in R le quality wliicL can |»re-
same traveller enumerates eight schools, up i :,n tillage, iri hnglanu, is stated t serv^c c >r acquire one.
on the Hnfwyl plan, w hicli had been cstah- f om 57 to 36 dollars per annum. j Fourthly, A school of agriculture will lend
lished by the government or by individuals \\ e need not resort tt> Kurope for e* id cnee i to uugtnent tho revenues of the.»iatc. lbfc in-
of the disparity which exists between tin crwe j l0 p s upon the extensive lines of our
old and new systems of husbandry. Every ' caim | s , consultant upon the iucreage of the
day’s observation affords proof in our own ! products of agriculture, \vi in a f* w years re-
practice. Why does the county of D'-eli | mu aerate the treasury, in t*:u opinion ot your
outstrip her neighbors in fertility U wealth? | committee, for every expense
■ ■' - * --—I-I--I---,/»n 1 lr - i 1*1»11 c.n j , sin ft — *• - I-- l l *«
imi. rcsp.M-f. ami huh!- uni it
ceding abstract has been principally made.
The pupils of the Hnfwyl school are em
ployed at high salaries, in various parts of
Europe, to supt rintend and direct the labors
of agriculture. Dr. Bright, in his recent tra
vels in Hungary, saw one of them who had
the superintendence of an extensive estat.
which lie visited, the products and revenue
olnshirc. Under the old system, the profits
were £130,—under the new £452—Differ*
cnee in favor of tile latter—£322, nr 250 per
cent. A third statement exhibits the profits
i.f an acre of land, being the medium ot sc
vend hundred acres, in Yorkshire, for six
years. Under the old system, the profit was
Cl 9s fid—under the new, £17 6s 9d, an in
in tho Austrian states. In these the course
ofstudy generally lasts three y.ars, in which
time the pupils are instructed ic natural phi
losophy, chemistry, natural history, and ve
nule n!alTiims : ,7lii jrVf/li'fi,IftW fiSRf,
tho management of fruit and forest trees,
and the care of cattle, sheep, swine, and
bees.
An agricultural school was among the
means adopted by Leopold, to ameliorate
LEGISLATURE OF NEW YORK.
Report of the Committee on Agriculture.
The committee on agriculture respectful
ly beg leave to report, in part—
That your committee consider the impor
tant interests confided to their rare, as re
quiring, at all times, the fostering aid and
protection of the legislature—as well be
cause that agriculture gives employment to
five-sixths of our population, as that it im
parts life and vigor to every other employ
ment in the commonwealth. This duty is
rendered the more imperative, at this time,
from tile competition we have eanse to ap
prehend, even in our own ports, from the
agricultural productions of foreign countries.
The wheat of the Baltic, and the products
of the Irish soil, are already imported into
our state. The continental peace has con
verted millions of consumers into cultivators
of food. Tile consequent depression in the
price of iabor, connected with the superior
systems of European husbandry, admonish
us of the necessity of adopting measures, in
time, tu counteract the threatened evil.
When we consider that the imports into
the United States during the last year, ex
ceeded the exports of our own productions,
seventeen millions of dollars ; that our
specie and public stocks have been with
drawn from the country towards meeting
the deficit ; and that still nn awful balance
is annually accumulating against ns in Eu
rope, the. inference is irresistible, that we
have to eltonse only between refin m and
min. Among the means calculated to effect
reform, your committee con-ider the im
provement of agriculture, by the iiitrndne
tion of improt rdliz profitable systems ot bus.
Iiandry—the protection and encouragement
of domestic manufactures—and a ligid e-
conomy in every department of the govern
ment, as holding a pre-eminent rank, and as
entitled to the peculiar consideration of this
legislatuie. As the former of thrse only,
falls within the province of this report, your
committee beg leave to explain their views
upon this subject at length.
Your committee, cannot hut regret (hat so
littl
lass, are no where so strong as in the Unit- j f he '* } uscany-and that dutch)
d States—and that what is deemed saluta 's now among the best cultivated and mosi
rv here, may he dang.-rous on the other side productive districts of Europe.
of the Atlantic. There, tile few, who con
stitute the privileged classes, are the propri-
tors of the soil, and ri ly, for the preservati
on of their power and their wealth, upon the
•omparative. ignorance and depression of
the many. Here, those who till, are the
iwners of the soil, and the legitimate dep
The Emperor Napoleon, among other
good deeds, organized and endowed the na
tional farm at Altfort. “ Here,” says a gen
tleman who resided some years io France,
“all the branches of science connected with
agriculture, are taught. Chemistry, botany
the anatomy of cattle, farriery, with the
to her soil, but because her farmers are bet- •
dent to the
|» ns]u:
ter instructed. Why, in passing: thro* our a ! indemnity which no other state pc < .-cs.
country, in any direction, do wc see nnt farm f io new \vhith it willI creau io. no
twice or thrice as productive as another, I ?8, ‘ ! : ,ld ' ,h f ’t* P0 ‘ "if *"* fo , r
, , .j , r . . ’ [ mm iron ol the north, will be extensive ; ana
-italics of power—and (he purity and per- j mechanics, and as much of geology ns i~
maneney of our political institutions, arc known, and larm work and domestic econo-
based upon their intelligence anil virtue.—In mi. in every branch, and down to the smal-
G. Britain, the want of agricultural school- j k st article, are there exhibited and explained.
as been supplied, by individual liberality I I* was believed in 1UI0, that this academy
and entnrprize. Many of the great land-1 had tended much to enlighten the people of
holders, stimulated by :.n efficient national France, on the ueneriil subject of husbandry j
—as well by the examples it gave ol new
mat'd of agriculture, have become active la
borers in tile field of experiment—and by the
application of capital and science, liaveim
proved the value of their estates from two
to tenfold. The rent roll of the (bike estate,
in Norfolk, lias in this way been augmented,
by its enlightened proprietor, in the, period
of to years, from 5,000 to 40,000 pounds
oer annum, and other districts in a like pro
portion. And the condition of the tenants
would be equally improved, hut for the ac
cumulating weight of taxes imposed by the
government. Few names stand higher, ns
public benefactors, that those of Youn
Sinclair, Anderson, Marshall, Coke, and I K'
by the examples ,, m , . , , . . , .
and improved machinery, and the most | miproved machinery, would be an ,m,.or
successful objects and modes of culture—as i»!.l!.?!I. n *’_„ U p."..f, i'.'V. ..
by sending abroad into tltu provinces, many
scientific men, who carried tiieir knowledge
with equal natural advantages? This con
trast cannot be wholly owing to indigence or
to indolence in the unsuccessful cultivator. It
proceeds rather from the want of id- tllod—
of knowledge. Knowledge is science, and
science is only precepts and principles
grounded on demonstration.
It has been said, tout agriculture is a
trad!:, an art, or a sciKRtn. That as a
trade, it requires only the exercise of bodily
power. That as an art, it employs the un
derstanding and the judgment—and that as
a science, il comprehends a knowledge of na
tural history, of chemistry, &c. so far as
these are subservient to ihe improvement of
husbandry. We have many who follow the
trade, less who practice the art, and but few
u ho understand much of the science.
The introduction and multiplication of constitute, by their our die
'■ nt strength in war
h-
! ment. .Mr. Brown, an English writer on
husbandry, nnd his estimate has been adopt-
d by Sinclair, calculates that a profit of
£1,800,000 sterling, per ann,, would result
to Great Britain if one half of the grain rais-
mosl of these will be abject to to l on their
way to the consumer.
Fifthly. It remains for your committee lo
consider the influence of a school ol agticnl.
tu:e upon file political institutions of our coun
try. It lias been urged agnh.st tho establish
ment of agricultural schools u, F.urupt “ that
it is dangerous to educate the iboriug 1 ses;
thnl theii kuowh dec may become the eli incuts
of discontent ; dial nn educat.- J propie are
more difficult to govern ; mid th t tin em
inent which labors to enlighten the glen! body
of the nation, prepRrs for itself tin means of
resistance. ' However forcible these argu
ments may seem where the divtur right nf
kings is acknowledged, and wlici s bio. peers
it over virtue mu! intellect, our polic) ■' our
duty demand the observance of max.m dnect-
| ly the reverse. Our ngiirultund population
reat Ivntam it one null ot me grain rais- , „„ t „ rn |
i-d in the kingdom, should be threshed with generally denied to them Hint polish r.f Imi
the improved threshing mills. Mr. Burgess, j gunge, and tluii fluency ot spec, e, w hid
in a late address to the Rhode Island society
for the promotion of industry, enters into
others, whose labors and talents have con- j third for botany, and the use of the different
trihuted to raise to its present stat ” '' ' ' ‘
with them, and where essentially the means
ofintrodueing new and better practices.”
In 1808 or 1809, the King of Prussia es
tablished a school of agriculture at Moegelin.
In twelve years, the value of the firm was
increased from two thousand to twelve thou
sand rix dollars. Van Timer is the director, I
and tinder him there arc lliree professors—I'.iV 1 • . i , ,y
, . i . ' , . Wood s cast iron plough, would effect nn an
one for mathematics, chemistry, andgeolo-' u 1 1 * ’
one Inr veterinary knowledge, and a
d their habits,
They „h o, r . her
direct ly or indirectly, Lent most oldie public,
burthens. And they are, en.phaticnd. die
gimrdimiv of our civil mui religious free ...m.—
Hence our danger arises not from an excess,
but from a ::cn/ of knowledge in the great body
ot the people. Our yeomanry are not defi-
iiM'iral tulefits ; but education hnsc
calculation to show, that Ihe general use of
y in their professional brethren, is a
a commendation lo the posts of piolit
pOll'l
IP'ii,
of
Hence, the agricultural character of Great
Britain. Yet individual means are found to
be inadequate in Britain, and the govern
ment is invoked to aid, by large appropria
tions, in (lie work of agricultural improve
ment. “ I boast not of any particular paf-
■ iotisni.” says the celebrated Watson, bishop
of Landnff, “but I would willingly pay my
share of twenty or thirty millions pound
ntial saving in that small stale of $8000.—
The faculty of this school would be compe
tent to investigate the principles and to teat
the usefulness of the implements now in use, I p/rni'ii^a"iiody"ofmcii, who.-e fe. li
and of (hose which genius and skill may | . Ulj j llU .,. # ., s would !«• purely
gullible productions in the materia inidi-
ca, as for entomolagy. Besides these, an
experienced agriculturist is employed to
instruct the pupils in the mode of applying
science to tin: practical business of husban
dry. There are attached lo this institution, . .. . ,
, , . ..I found to be useless. Genius woo'd thus be
u botanic garden, arranged according to the am , , lnpo|)ut An
nmucan system, and a repository mid ma-1 ., u1 y to ’hnnorary rewards for In-
nufaetory of agricultural implements. I ,emi..ns proved to he valuable, could nut
It is true, ?vr have not yet. any schools of’ f ,j| j f> facilitate improvement. A manufae-
a^rieiiiture in the Uoitiul States. But it ma) i j n , y would aflord models of the hot machi
ne predicted, without the pft of prophecy, j to those who want to buy, and
tint we shall not he loop wilhnut them.—'
Their advantages are becoming so self-evi-
rliajt? (lie general goon would hi h t ub-
servcii, and jealousy averted, il each cinsx in
the community worn to participate in thu du
ties of office, as nearty as |'0>sible in the r«-lu-
tive propoiiiun o( theii* ntinib rs The scl ool
which your committee propo i», would foou
, habits
tiirnl—r
hereafter brieg forth. Their opinions woti'd ; wfiose cdor.uioii would fit ilitm p- perfo. in the.
inspire confuler.ee in those lined to be use- | highest public trust —and whose iutloenci in
fill, and prevent imposition and loss by those j our councils, ai d among lie’ people i t large,
would a 1 ford the best guuranluoot a popular—-
of an liOiic.sl udinini^tiation of public utlairs.
|i'mtT3 "i i tu \;iiiiimifi'itJiici3 «• * i it ji la
inland deciding nn claims to land in the 'flu.
District of Detroit, and for P» ttlinc the , ; , m ai
in other casus, to parsons whose claims to ; f , n Hu* footing which is importance merits.
1 mds, town nr village lots, have been re^rn-1 We have schools of law, of medicine, and ol
Jarly Qled witli the ronimisginners appoint- divinity.—We have schools of oratory, of
cd hy an art, enthh I “ An act to revive the, inusic, and of dancing. And we have a nn-
powers of the Commissioners for ascertain- j tional school for teaching this art of war.
line arts have their teachers, pupils, and j
amateurs. The shops of our merchants,
claims to land on Green Bay, and Pairie du J mechanics and arti/.ans, are. all schools ot
Chinn, in the Territory of Michigan,” passed j instruction, w here our youth arc taught, by
on the-1 Ith d «v of May, 1640, and whose | 8 y 8 tcm and rule, the particular business
claims are contained in the report transmit- j which they are to follow. \ et we have no
ted to the Secretary of the Treasury, and j Bc | )nn i of agriculture—a business more com-
which have been reported favorably on hy plicated in its details, and requiring a great
said Commissioners—and such persons are i ,.p diversity ot knowledge than any art
hereby confirmed in their claims, agreeably j which is taught. It has been severely, but
to -inv sun - *- I . r.... ..... I.. I... 111., lull Il 1 . ‘.. ..L .... m n.l.n.l t'.'if 1,l> fplv f,n Tllll
Iwnnilarii-
I’rling of public money,to lie appropriated
by the legislature, for tho agricultural im-
provement of Groat Britain and Ireland.”
But we do not I n k precedents: Fur in
qiite of the political prejudice which would I and the public attention is so a wall
fetter tho human mind, selmuls ofagricul- G d nn the subject, as in all probability to
Urn: have, been established in France. I |p» V e to this legislature only, the. privilege iif
has been done to place agriculture up' ’witzerlamk Frussn, Holy, and the Austri j deriding, whether New-York shall take the
- ■ ‘ ■ ” •! -instates. b\cliavenn illustrious exampli , ad nf her sisters m this, as she has taken
0 encourage and guide us, in the establish-1 the lead of them in most of the other great
unit ofM.de Fcllenhergh, at Hnfwyl, in improvements which distinguish our day
Switzerland. Impelled by n belief, that n-
tudy and its practice, fur-
i heretofore made, nr the lints
estahlisherl hy the claimants res
pectively: Provided, That such confirmations
shall only amount to a relinquishment for
ever, ou the part of the V. Slates, k that no
more than six hundred and forty acres sliali
lie confirmed, by virtue of any one claim ;
nor shall more be confirmed, in any case,
than thp quantity claimed : nur shall any
claim extend, ill width, move than forty,
0or in depth, more than eighty, arpents ; tier
justly remarked, that we rely on taking this
the natural n ay, as the devout Mahomedans
(In the small pox ; and regard the tedious
process of inoculation both as useless and
sinful. Though agriculture is the parent of
the ails, and the mint which coins our
wealth, so modest has been its pretensions,
so humble its walk, and so feeble its advo
cate?, that its interests have occupied but a
subordinate, place in the public mind. Il
remains, at least among us, witheut system,
griciilturo, in its
,-hires the best means of developing the use-
•'.)liio«.s of man, and of winning him to virtue,
his gentleman undertook, with his private
means, to establish and manage a school,
w hich should improve “ the art of cultivati
on, and tho character of the cultivator.”—
Me encountered many difficulties in the un
dertaking, among which the prejudice of his
fellow-citize.us was not the least formidable.
But his perseverance, has triumphed over
hem all. The school prospers. Several
professors have been employed to aid him
In his labors—and the number of his pupil 1
is now only limited hy the extent of his ac
commodations.
It may not he amiss to detail some nf tile
prominent features of thisaml other agricul
tural schools in Europe—for all ho’ theii or
ganization may uot be exactly suited to our
'mbits and political condition, they afford to
ff, able data far our own practice.
and country. The subject has been t'.vic
before, the legislature of Pennsylvania—a
EARTHQUAKE IN VALPARAISO.
Baltimore, March 7.
Extract of a teller doled Valparaiso, Aov. Holts.
“ 1 lia\e jn-t 1- called from one ol tin great
serve as a school of instruction to the pupils j p st dangers that 1 ever experienced. On
in the application of mechanics. | tli«i night of the 1 Dili inst , we were veiled
a . . , r m „ „ nnt . n ,-„ nc , 4 r ; by a terrible CHrtliquak**, which has laid Ibis
An experimental farm, ol tlio operations ol » , ‘ t , ...
which, accurate details 11 b- kept, would j !<»•'.!••»«;« •" all Chili o
furnish good tests of the value of grains, gras- j 'It foundations. )V hat few houses are still
phn'.ts nnd animal*, which maybe intro-I standing are So shattered that they < an 110
duct-d from abroad, or but partially known a- longer lie. tenanted. The inhabitants havts
inong in—would instruct us in their culture :.|| retired lo the hills, and living in tents.—
nnd management—mid do much towards e You cannot imagine t e horrible condition
tnbli-liing general nnd snliilnry principles in , ,,f i[,i s place—there will no diuilit lien fa
ille business of liiist-andry. It is not enen-.'Ji to . 4 iis nrovisioics are now selling altco
1 Dime, as provisions are now s
favorable report has been made in the popu-1 know what experimeiits prove siiccc -mb— i IJ10S t , xorbilant prices. About 390 pen;.!.:
!ar branch upon it, and the project postpon- " e need to ie m o t 10.1 ,.,1,1. 1 I'f 0 ’1 have been taken up toil ot ihe ruins, and e-
• • . ri...\r: J:..:..' unsuccessful, in order that we may »!'“>•' I t,. ry day twoor tin re fi-u ,1
i was sitting with some friends in my
. I room when the first thing 1 heard was tips
d, but not abandoned. But Virginia li
begun to act in eai in st. The society ot Al
bemarle tonnty, with the late President
Madison at its head, lias appropriated Si,900
of its funds towards endowing a professor
ship of agriculture in the university of that
stale. They have also addressed a circular nl and unerring principles, unless by means of
to other agricultural societies in the statu, experiments, nciuirateiv tried nnd properly
inviting their co-operation: and have called I persevered in. It is full time, therefore, by
upon the citizens of the commonwealth at j the establishment of an experimental farm, mi-
large, to aid by private subscriptions. n . s . der Ike .sanction nod nt the expo,oe of gov,t.,-
. • u , * 1 I. uMva r him vttri' iuent, to bring lb© «rt to as preat peri* etion
tncting racn to one dollar. 1 lutir plan\«ry ° ...
IIII81ICCPSS
errors which their resuIlR indicHtu. Ki mr ir
husbandry Hie riot published by the individu
als wbo commit them, because they would im . . . . f ,
ply a want of knowledge. “Tho art of ngri falling of the r rof—ami on rushing furwanl^
culture can never be brought lo its bight d JI found it impossible to M..nd, tbu enrlh was
degree of perfection, or established on ration
possible, by ascertaining the principle?
properly embrace s a course of instruction in . -j FT'.; ou '!, t to he condu. ted “ The pub!;
the practice well as the theory of luiHUHn- ! vou | ( j j |e fnH( j e acquainted with the iinpoi-
dry. “ To the due success uf agriculture,” I | l|l( | BC t ? developed tiy the operiiiioas of this
wavs Mr, Madison. “ theory and practice an farm, tliro’ the medium of periodical publicu- board ship. I.vn y tu o or then Imurs tin
They always reflect light on ! tiims; nml the students would di-rs-uiinnte a | is a m w convulsion "I I lie larlll, wlii. ii i urn-
sudi vioh ut agitation ! i fortunately got
inti) the street before (lie house fell -llm
next moment the earth was rent asunder,
leaving a tremendous chasm. Tire objects
on all sides, tin “creams of the dying and „f
die fugitives, and t! e danger w hid) sin round
ed me, filled my mind ni l) the lonsf awful
emotions. At b ngtll, I w as delivered from
danger hy the inti rposilion of one id my
friends; and 1 have bei n living evet eir.c
both requisite,
each other. If the former without the lest of j knowledge
the latter, is a vain science; the latter tv:' 1 !' d :'■■■>■
i t them
aid !•) the
I muptca't
: i! elf tu the v t ssf Is in the loo Imr 1
[ Hull. Citron.
