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nations, living within their boundary.^’ Such
being the relations existing at the time, between
the United States and the Spanish government,
and negotiations pending between the two na
tions, forbid the anticipation, that the subjects oi
the Spanish king inhabiting the Floridas, would
assume an attitude, in the least hostile to the U-
nited Stntes. For it is a fair and correct pre
sumption, that nations, ns well ns individuals,
will act correctly ard faithfully in the observance
of their engagements, so far as they are able ;
and hence, thuugh the President knew that the
Indians living within the limits of Florida, rob
bed and murdered our frontier inhabitants, be
could not have anticipated, that it had been done
by the advice, assistance, instigation, or conni
vance of Spanish subjects inhabiting these pro
vinces. The laws of huinanitv and the relation
ships of amity existing between the two nations,
tint only foi bid such a course on the part of the
citizens of Florida, but they were engaged by
solemn treaty with the United States, to restrain
the Indians living within their territories, from
the commissionot any violations noon the inhab
itants of the American states, in their vicinage.
In this supposition then, resulting from the rc^
lationships between the two nations, that the sub
jects of Spain were at the least neutral, if not
friendly in relation to the United States, this or
der, to respect the Spanish forts, in case the sav
ages should taT;e refuge under them, not in them,
was issued to the commanding General. To have
received the hostile savages in their forts, and
hence to have protected them against their ene
mies, would have been an act of war, on the part
of Spain or her officers, which could not, bv the
President, have been foreseen. This order, there
fore, to the General, to respect the Spanish forts,
was founded of course, on the basis, that the
Spanish subjects and authorities in Florida, were
pursuing a course of neutrality, at the least, in
the progress of the war. If that had not been
the case, but, the Spanish province had been aid
ing and assisting the hostile Indians, in the con
duct of the war, the order restrictive of the sound
discretion of the general, could not have existed,
hut, he had been left at liberty, to select all law
ful means as dictated by passing incidents, for
the purpose df effecting the express object of the
campaign; viz. the effectual termination of the
Seminole war. The necessary object of all wars
rightfully begun, is to put an end to it; or in o-
ther words to procure peace; and that is neces
sarily implied, if not expressed, in the orders oi
the Executive; which confers by necessary im
plication, upon the commanding General, all
powers, compatible with the laws of nations,and
the usages of war. If the sovereign authority
designs to limit the means to be employed by its
officer, in the conduct of the war, it is proper,
and it is rightfully expected, that those restric
tions should be specially and clearly expressed.
And hence, when not made, it would be unrea
sonable to suppose, that auv restraint was intend-
til. v. hit h in its ellet t upon the officer, would have
defeated the main objects to'be obtained by his
agency.
What were the facts as they presented them
selves to General Jackson, on the theatre of war ?
This next deserves our enquiry. General Jack-
son observed no doubt, that his government had
taken possession of Amelia Island, which belong
ed to the king of Spain, who seemed unable or
unwilling, to prevent its being the refuge of run
away slaves from the contiguous states, and af
fording an asylum to dissolute people, occupied
iti the daily violation of the revenue laws of the
United States. He must have observed also,
that general Gaines, after having taken posses
sion of Amelia Island, had received orders from
the government to march through Florida, and to
chastise the hostile Seminole Indians: who. just
before or soon after, captured a boat on the
Appalachacola, laden with provisions for our
tions of war that general Jackson took possession
of St. Marks, and wrote to the governor of Pen
sacola expressive of (he nmtives-which had indu
ced him to do so—stating that his intentions were 1
entirely pacific, or precautionary, and without
any disposition to hold possession ol the place
was sent to defend. Tin course of General |
Jackson was therefore the only correct one on
the occasion. He “ acted on his own responsi
bility,” to be sure, ds he should do in all cases;
but has he in doing so disobeyed his orders r
Certainly not. The special order in relation to
the Spanish posts, founded necessarily on the
any longer than might be absolutely necessary the ^pai.isn po ts, i»uuu«. .
to the speedy termination of the war ; all which presumption that the.SpanartU were euti
speedy
he referred to his government,
Whilst at St. Marks, general Jackson received
information on the 15th of April, that the govern
or of Pensacola had furnished provisions to live
hundred warriors or hostile Indians ; and that
two different parties ot them had, with the know
ledge of the governor,been supplied and furnish
ed tor war, had proceeded from Pensacola to the
frontier of Georgia for the purpose ol killing and
plundering its inhabitants. The general as yet,
had been able to find but few of the enemy, and
those were nourished, assisted and protected by
the Spanish authorities, constituting but a small
portion of those whose inroads and outrages on
the frontiers so frequently repeated, had produc
ed the necessity of the campaign. Was lie re
quired under these circumstances to return home,
without doing any thing in the least effectuaHn
putting a period to the murderous and predatory
incursions of the Savages ? This was an object
all important tn the government; and to cii’ect
which it had been deemed necessary to put in re
quisition the very distinguished energy and ta
lents of Jackson. He had done little towards
chastising these savages, and still less which was
calculated to put an end to the war, which con
stituted the great object of the expedition, and
which must have been principally insisted on by
the spirit of the president's order to the general.
Under these circumstances I say, was it requir
ed of general Jackson to march back to their
homes, his brave and patriotic followers, who
had suffered considerable hardships in a march of
800 miles, with half provision, and often wad
ing to their chin in swamps and rivers ? I repeat
it, under such circumstances, could it have been
expccteil of general Jack-on, to turn back bis
troops ; and that too, without having done any
thing in the least calculated to put an end to the
Ml LI,I.Milt'S STORe! '
R>. BATEMAN informs the 1
Mill edge vi 11e and its vicinity, that'/
has just received a handsome assortment „ in
gant Chip, Silk, Straw, & leaver H onnet , e i
the first quality from Ncw-York, which she Ja
dispose ot on reasonable terms, at her so.,. 1
dooV to Messrs. John JkW. Lucas,
October 13. ’
Milledgeville.
NOTICE.
W ILL be S(,1<1 nn t,le firs * Tuesday in b,
▼ ▼ comber next, pursuant to an order ,i
the honorable the inferior court uf J om ,s
sitting for ordinary purposes, 101 1.4
1 I land,“being one ball of lot No. 180. in'the^ill!
; vl ’. ,cl 'I district of Baldwin, when surveyed
September
• now Jnti w
J\M os LOCKETT, guardian,
I the war, ceased to exist, the moment that these
people took any part with the enemy, lhe cm-
coverv of this fact, therefore, left Jackson to the
sole direction of the general order given him,
in adopting all lawful means to put an effectual
end to the Seminole war. Jackson acted on a
state of things as they presented themselves to
him on the theatre iff action—facts which were
entirely unknown to the President, and which OMlvl>
could have formed no part of his contemplation ) countVj w ithin one mile of" the (huTi'
at the time his order was issued. It was a new j r j ver * nenr Tours Ford, and belon-dne to A"
case ; not within the scope ot the order to res- yy H u lll)soa! a m ; nor . B 0 Jotl »
pec.t the Spanish forts, but depending on the law
of nations and usages of wart which Gen. Jack-
son was bound,to observe, or tor at'.y violations
of which he stands respons ole to his country.
—That this was the state of things is miUle plain
by example. Let us suppose that when Gen.
Jackson marched to St. Marks in search of his
enemy, agreeably to his orders from bis govern
ment, that he not only found the enemy under
the walls of the garrison, but within it, and that
the Spaniards commenced firing from the walls
of the fort upon his army. Could it he possible
that the President’s order to the General was in
tended to embrace such a ca c c as this, under the
special provision to respect the forts, &c. ? W as
Jackson in this situation to halt his army, rest
their arms, and receive the butchering fire of thej w j|| p orln otlc
TO WORKMEN.
V NY person or persons willing to contract (1
repair the- road from Fort Haw-kins to
Stoddert, will please to make proposals a'ldsmt
them under seal to the Post-office at Milled*
ville or the Creek Agency, on or before the y
day of next month. (October.) The iiropojo,
must state the charge for each laborer per d
the contractor finding all necessary tools and pro.
vision : and the charge per day for a white irj n
to attend the laborers at their work. To atom,
mod ate parties, the contract will be divided |[
desired. From Fort Hawkins to FortBainbriiln
otic division ; and from Fort Bjjj.
v.iw.. Ml ..i-7 I I M > 1 II I 1VJ1111 UIIV. Ul > I3IU1I y U 1 111 J I (Jill I 1 (jpj jjllf
garrison, directed by the Indians and Spaniards, I bri.ljgc to Fort Stoddert the other. It is exnect
combined in unknown proportion? Or retreat e d that any person offering to contract wiiui
precipitately without the Spanish limits, leaving a (,| e f ur „j s h a t least six able bodied bands—
the Indians ready to issue from their asylum,
equipped, provisioned and refreshed by their
friends, to lay waste^the frontier settlements, in
the absence of all relief ? I say, under such
circumstances, should Jackson have thus acted ;
or should he not rather have advanced, dislodged
his enemies, garrisoned the fort, and thereby el-
The agent for Indian affairs, or his assistant »itl
attend occasionally and point out the repaid
required.
September 1 <
T). P. MITCHELL, A. I,i,
1813,
war, which was the sole object' of his long and ^cteil for Spain, what she was unable to do for
harrasing march ? General Jackson knew when | herself; and which lelt undone, exposed our
at St. Marks, that the principal chief and war
rior of tiie Semtnoles was then at Pensacola, with | Lom
a large number of his followers, waiting only the
retrogression of our troops to march from that
post, to renew the scene of blood and rubbery
which had been so recently checked on our bor
ders by the approach of his army. Was he then
required to retrace his steps, and take post with
in our limits, and then patiently wait until sa
vage chivalry should give him battle in his tren
ches—or, proceed to Pensacola where the Span
ish subjects and authorities aided and protected
the Indians—rout them from the ice, garrison
the Spanish fort, and report the whole proceed
ings to his government, that such a course might
be taken as policy and justice should require?
Had the gcucral done less than this, the whole
nation would have raised an outcry, and might
with great propriety have declared, that much
too little had been effected—Nay, that nothing
effectual had been accomplished, though great
expense and incalculable hardships bad been in
curred and suffered. The general had no time to
lose; the sickly season was fast approaching—
most of his army exhausted by fatigue and suf
fering, and every day becoming more anxious to
return to their homes and families. The Indians
were protected at Pensacola, where they were
supplied with provisions, or had eluded all his
search and diligence by inaccessible swamps and
morasses. Spain it is said, was unable to re
strain the Indians from the commission of hosti
lities, agreeably to the treaty with the United
States. In deference to the Spanish government
this is presumed ; and it is so stated in the Intel
C'rreL' Agency, September 20,1818, '
WHITE man who says his name isllerm
Mitchell, and that his place of residence«
frontier to savage butchery and depredation ? I Jasper county, Geo. has been apprehended intW
Uommon sense—the sense of all nations will an- Creek Nation, having in his custody a neno mu
wer this question. This supposed ease, is in all
essential particulars, similar to the facts which
occurred to General Jackson, on his approach to
these forts. He was not fired upon, it is true;
but here, the enemy found refuge from his pur
suit,and were furnished with all the means neces
sary for the pillage and murder of our citizens.
The Spaniards did not as it appears, take an im
mediate share in the hostilities of the savages,
but by the protection and supplies furnished them
in their forts, the Indian war acquired all its force
and indicated a participation on the part of 8pain
either voluntary or constrained, the effect of
g m ms custouy a negw u®
who calls himself Boson; upon examination of
the white man he has at one time said he had got-
ten the negro of one John M’Murray •' at ano
ther time that he purchased him in or bear Ao-
gusta, and again that he purchased him aur
Charleston, S. C. It is however believed that hi
has no right to the negro. The negro sajs he
belongs to Mr. Jordan Baker, lately a resident
of Jasper county, but now residing in the Chero
kee purchase. The negro appears to be about 5)
years of age ; is short built, and considerably
knock-kneed ; he is a tolerable blacksmith Ttie
owner is requested to call at the Agency, prate
which was equally injurious as a state of war property and take him away,
with that power. ‘
ARISTIDES.
<l The Georgia Journal of the 8th September,
contains four columns and a half of words
w about and about,” gen. Jacksoii ; the usual
professions of candor, and independence, and
the usual practice of partial ami side way crim
ination ; nearly four columns of the matter are
under the signature of A. B.—in which every
means that disingenuity and hostility to the gen
eral that cun be raked up, is brought forward. He
goes back to Orleans &. digs up that act whichgeue-
al Jackson undertook on bis own responsibility,
in arresting persons whose arts were calculated
to arrest his efforts, to save that place from
the formidable enemy, magnanimously submitted
himself to the laws after he had combatted and
overwhelmed the enemy ; and for which he has
obtained the
troops, under the command of lieutenant Scott 5 ligencer. From the fact, however, of finding the
putting to dea’h him, and forty men, all of whom
wore the military uniform of the U States.
It was these troops under the guidance of gen.
Gaines, together will) such auxiliary military I'm ce
as he might deem necessary and call forth for
the purpose of putting an end to the Seminole
war, that general Jackson was designated to com
mand, by order ol the executive. After organ
izing the Georgia militia at Hartford, he march
ed from thence on the 19th of February.—On the
22d, reached Fort Early, anil soon in March ar
rived at Fort Scott, near the Florida line.—
"Within the limits of the United States, general
Jackson could Grid none of the hostile Indians.
His orders authorised him to search for them in
Florida; he did so, and found but a few at
Tallasee. Still pursuing the object of his com
mand, he found them embodied at Mickasuky,
where he defeated them and took some prisoners,
from whom he learnt that a large body of his en-
ein es weic protected ar.d provisioned at St.
Mark®, a Spanish garrison. From this place in
prosecution of the object ol the war, lie deter
mined to dislodge them. Before taking this step
however, he wrote to the Spanish governor at Peu-
slcota, requesting permission to navigate the
Spanish waters in the conduct of the w ar against
the Seminolcs. This request was refused ; and
the denial was couched in terms so harsh and ac
rimonious, as when taken in connection with the
information obtained from the prisoners, furnish
ed the evidences of a well grounded belief,that the
Indians were instigated to war and received as
sistance from the Spanish authorities in Florida.
Under this conviction be marched to St. Marks,
which he reached early in April. On his march
to the place, he ascertained clearly, that at this
post, the Indians were in tlve habit of receiving
supplies of provisions and munitions of war ; auu
that they were encouraged by the Spaniards there
to plunder the frontier inhabitants of their cat
tle which they exposed for sale to the inhabitants
of St. Marks ; and that in consequence, the in
habitants at this post had purchased cattle of the
Indians with a lull knowledge of their having
been stolen from the frontier inhabitants of the
United States.
it was during the continuance of these habits
of intimacy between the Indians and Spanish au
thorities, while the former were holding council:
in thoij- forts and receiving from them the muni
Indians embodied at, and in the Spanish garri
sons, front whence they proceeded, furnished and
quiped for war, bv the Spaniards, no other con
clusion rou!• t have been formed, but that these
garrisons were not only unable to restrain the
Indian*, but that dreading their vengeance in case
of denial, they were compelled to furnish the
means of their massacres and plunder. In this
respect the case is perfectly similar to the cir
cumstances, w hich had before induced the Unit
ed States to seize upon the occupation of Amelia
Island. It seems that a set of pirates, renega-
does ami runaway negroes, had not only taken
possession, but had also usurped all the authori
ties ol the Island, and were daily pirating the
seas, and smuggling, in violation of the revenue
laws of the United States. Under these circum
stances, the United States took possession of the
Island; and it is not understood that the Span
ish minister resident at Washington city at the
time, made any complaint to our government on
the subject—sensible no doubt, from the facts,
that the conduct of the government in the affiiir
had been just and proper. Spain was similarly
situated in respect to the savages in Florida, be
ing additionally bound by treaty to restrain them
But she was not more able to restrain the Indi
ans of Florida from robbing and kilting on our
frontier, than to prevent the settlement of a set
ol p'rates and smugglers in Amelia Island. The
United States are not at war with Spain nor does
she desire to be so, but is ready according to
Jackson's treaty with the garrisons, to deliver
them up whenever the Spanish nation will fur
nish a force, sufficient to prevent the Indians
from taking shelter in, and by compulsion, pro
curing warlike support from them.
There isone difference, and only one, between
the case of the garrionsof Saint Marks and Pen
sacola, and Amelia Island. The first was taken
possession of to prevent the effusion of blood ol
men, women and children ; the latter, to prevent
spoliations on our revenue, or to save a little
money to the treasury. Had Jackson returned
home without destroying his enemies, whom he
could not reach, and left St. Marks and Pensaco
la as he found them, his campaign had been les:
than nugatory. The Indians, exasperated, but
not conquered, would have pursued in the rear ol
his retiring army and with increased ferocity,
crimsoned liis steps with the blood
M1TCIIEU,
is:. A. I. VC. J.
NOTICE.
% R '"ILL be sold by an order of the Court 0
tt Ordinary, on the first Tuesday in Vecew-
jber next, part of the real estate of Levi Junta,
j deceased, consisting of one hundred and seventy
j acres of wood land, more or less : it being part
of No. 15, adjoining Alexander Reid, Samuel
Cowls and John Lee, sen, &.c. Terms mile
known on the day of sale
IS HAM KUOOKS, "Had
Putnam, Sept 20
ADMIMSTHATf lToTs AuT - '
ILL be sold on'the premises, in Mor;w
V y county, on the first Tuesday in January
next, between the usual hours of sale, one lot of
. A* I • Z I •. HXSA'.a I CVill LIIU II Mi ill IIIU1I 5 Ul SfllC. MU
app ause ot ns countrv, ami merit- t i i,,.„
• X . , . .. Land whereon the subscriber now lives.
ed as much as Curtius, a glorious immortality ;
he undertakes to be the apologists of the savages
and the patron of their crimes, and to vindicate
a band of law less assassins against the laws of
civilization : lie is the apologist and vindicator
of the emissaries of massacre, and desolati >n,
Ainbristie and Arbuthnot, and speaks of them as j
if they were apostles of religion, or ministers of |"ITi!^-
concord and pence ! and withal apologizes lor the
general administration, by the effort to transfer
tve responsibility of all the acts of the Florida
invasion to the general, nut suffering to be
brought into view the fact that a futile war had
existed a year before gen. Jackson took the field
under general Gaines ; and that it was upon liis
inability to execute the views of the administra
tion, that gen, Jackson was called in to accom
plish them.
Mot
than half the above lot is cleared and iindcrgiwd
fence, nearly one thousand bearing peacii trees,
a comfortable dwelling house with several cab-
bins, and well watered : it bei ng pa-t uf the real
estate of Andrew Brown, deceased, sold fortlis
benefit of the heirs of said deceased. Terms
mad^known cn the day of sale, but at least hit
Joseph moruovy, tufmr.
m right of Iii-iffi*
EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD. /
AN A WAY from the subset ibor*a plantation
The same paper reiterates the charge against
general Jackson for arresting col. Brearly, with
out stating what was the truth, that it was upon
the representations of gen. Gaines, who sought
to screen his own miserably deficiency by misre
presenting his own orders, and alledging to gen.
• on Little river, about three weeks ago, a ne
gro fellow named Edmund, about five feet W
or five inches high, stout burlt and dark com
plected, The above rew ard will be given for tins
delivery of the aforesaid negro.
Wuxi am cage.'
MI,
NOTICE.
wife Rebecca having left riy bod *t*
board w ithout any just provocation, I
Jackson, that col. Brearly had not orders, from jtherefore forworn all persons from trading "ij
hitn; but which order? were produced on the
court marshal, and before which general Gaines
atonton, Sept. 2A
ore
acknowledged those orders, which he had stat
ed to general Jacason that he had never given,
urging that his object w as not ti* criminate colo-
:l Brearly, but to reach the army contractor
through him: this is a specimen ot general hip
indeed ! It must be obvi us to any man acquaint
ed with military principles, that the accusation
of any officer is sufficient to arrest another, and
that in ordering a court marshal, the general in
chief command cannot be considered as giving
any opinion, when he orders a court upon the
charges of another. Who made the charges ?
General Gaines. Were the charges sustained,
or even plausible ? They were so far from plaus
ibility that the orders of gen. Gaines proved the
charges which lie had himself made to be false
and? groundless. There are several circum
stances eonnected with these transactions, w hich
we do not choose at this moment to touch: but
which will exhibit those transactions in a light
that will astonish the whole country.—Jiurora.
ENTERTAINMENT,
B Y Held <§• Holt, at the Union lintel, east
corner of the State-House square. Millcdge-
f those he ville,. Georgia
her on my account, as I will not be accoanlaWt
or her contracts.
JOII.V STl'CXEI.
Sept. 24.
FOR SALE—A BARGAIN.
> NE Tract of LAND, 2d district, Wilkins^
county, No. X06, containing 202 1-2 acres.
KOBEHT HAIF0BD.
CABINET FURNITURE.
T HE subscribers have on hand some hand
some Mahogany Furniture, winch thev »ii>
lispose of on moderate terms. Persons wishing
to purchase furniture will do well to call on «*►
as we intend keeping it constantly on hand. A*
soon as the boats can ascend the river we sh*' 1
have a good assortment. Also a few dozen I* 11 '
cy Chairs. Any orders from this or the a<ljil c#l *‘
counties will be punctually attended to.
MARSHALL &. SASOSRL
MiUedjjeriUe, September 5.
TO JOURNEYMEN TAILORS.
L IBERAL wages and constant employ®*®*
will be given to two good Journeymen
lots, of steady habits.
WILLIAM BRESSIE.
Milledgeville, Sept 28