Newspaper Page Text
co n :i it v t c a tiojvs.
s..'»; L.RO K.EL
LANGUAGE.
A^SVvCtl TO P ROFESSOR RaFTKCS^UE’S
Questions.
Mh. Boudinctt: l have read in
the :! d cumber of your paper a com-
rr.e a alion from Professor Rafinesquc
ot' Philadelphia, containing a series of
questions on the language and history
of the Cherokees. To those which
relate to the language 1 will attempt
an answer.
Question I. “Why is there such a
difference between the Alphabet pub
lished by the United States in Indian
treaties, and that given in No. 1 of
your Journal, or Guess and W. alpha
bets^ 1 do not mean in the order or
pronunciation, but in the forms, terms
and nutations?” [notations?—muta
tions?]
Ans. In regard to the forms of the
letters, it is to be expected that the
handwriting of different persons will
vary; and especially % that there will
be a difference between ordinary
handwriting, and a copy prepared as a
pattern for types, or the printed char
acters. The printed letter is suffi
ciently like the original to be at once
recognized, l believe, by every Chero
kee reader.
*s to the manner of expressing the
sounds by English characters, Profes
sor R. is doubtless aware, that En
glish letters have each so sounds,
tint any syllable may be spelt in seve
ral ditlerent ways. This accounts in
part for the circumstance of the same
sounds being expressed in different
ways in my communications and in
the Alphabet published at Washington.
Besides this, 1 suppose that whoever
eommunicated the Alphabet to the
War Department at Washington, was
not perhaps entirely familiar with it,
and may have made two or three mis
takes.
Question 2. “What mean the three
letters all three pronounced un
(French) u i of Guess, and what is
become of them? What is become
also of Claugh p, Cleeh ©, Clah c,
Clegh l, Cloh and the nasal
Gnaugh z?”
Ans. Only one of the three letters
in question, viz. i, has simply the
sound of un French. The other two
are aspirated, and differ from each
other only in that the sound of vV is
more open than that of G. This dis
tinction has been regarded as of so lit
tle consequence, particularly by Maj.
Lowrey, who has been the oracle on
this subject, that the character & has
been omitted, and, as no type has been
cast for it, your printers can only rep
resent it, as I perceive they have
done, by breaking the English- capital
G.
In regard to the syllable Claugh
there must have been an error. The
character p has the sound of Tlv,
[the letter v, representing nearly the
sound of un, French.] The character
e has, through imperfect penmanship,
taken the place of g, pronounced Tli,
the sound represented in the United
States documeniby Clcegh. Clah, [£,]
Clegh, [l,] and Cloh, [v,] are the
sounds which I represent by Tla, Tie
Tlo. The sound of z 1 represent no.
It is often, perhaps more commonly,
aspirated - , as if written lino, and per
haps slightly nasal. I suppose gnaugh
is used to represent precisely the
same sound which I would w rite hno.
Question 3-. “Why is the name of
the nation ow r y pronounced by Guess
Tsah-lah-keeh, and by W. Tsa-la-gi?
are the sounds G and K interchange
able? and also Cl and 7/?”
Ans. Guess never w'rote the name
of the nation either Tsah-lah-keeh or
Tsa-la-gi, but owy. The h at the
end of each syllable of Tsah-lah-keeh,
I suppose was intended to indicate
that a has the short Italian sound, and
cc that of short i. The sound repre
sented by the character y is some
times hi, but oftenerg*/, or between the
sounds of k&Lg, but nearer that ofg. G.
as pronoun-ced by Germans represents
it best. This is the ease in the word
owy. The sounds G and K are not in
terchangeable in the same word, tho’
they have the same representatives in
the letters i-, y, a, j, e. In each the
sound of German G is most common.
The sound of Cl or Kl, does not
belong to the language. If, however,
Professor R. will attempt to pro
Bounce the syllables Cla and Tla, he
will find that he makes but a slight dif
ference; and as the combination Cl is
familiar to the eye of an English schol
ar, aHdnot 77, he is more likely to use
the former as a representative of the
Cherokee sound.
Question 4. “Is really the Tsalagi
language lotallydeficient of the sounds
B, D, F, J, P, R, V, X, Z, Tli, and
all the nasal sounds An, En, In, On,
Un? how would you w rite my name
Rafinesquc, for instance, perhaps La-
hineska? how Washington, Jefferson,
Europe, Phoenix, Boston, &c.”
Ans. All the sounds in question are
entirely wanting in Tsalagi except R
in one dialect in which it is always us
ed instead of L.—[Sec Question 6.]
Foreign words, except proper
names, are seldom imitated by Cher
okees. In proper names, B is some
times changed to Q, as u>a (Que-ti)
for Betsey, (Betty.) Sometimes to
W, as ©p (Wi-li,) for Billy. D is
represented by b, a, a, a, s, p, the
consonat sound of the three first of
which is ahvays, and that of the three
latter often, better represented by D
than by T. F is sometimes, perhaps
ahvays changed to W aspirated, as in
tsbu (Tse-hwi-si-ni) for Jefferson J
is changed to Ts, as also Ch & Gsoft;
as h>v (Tsi-sa) Jesus, ir©u (Tsi-ka-sa)
Chickasaw, on- (Tsa-tsi) George. P
is sometimes changed to Q, as tpx.
(Qui-da) Peter, and sometimes to W,
as <\p (JVa-li) Polly. V ischanged
to W, as a® (De-wi) David. Of X I
recollect no example.* In the name
Jaekson cks may be considered as
equivalent tox. This name is written
Tyth (Tse-ki-si-ni,) the vow r el of the
second syllable having but a slight
sound. Z would become Ts. Th
would assume the sound of L) nearly.
Of the changes of the nasal sounds in
question I know no examples.
The name Rafinesque might he
written w®Ao?y (La-hwi-ne-ski.) f
Washington has been written &.RBO
(Wa-sv-ta-nv.) Jefferson T©Bh (Tse
hwi-si-ni.) Boston I believe w<s>Bh
(Wo-sda-ni.) Europe might be ctwtp
(lu-la-qui.) Phoenix is a hard word.
The greatest approximation would be
©hyi,, (Hwi-ni-ki-si,) or TPuyL (Qui
ni-ki-si.) The Cherokee name of the
Newspaper signifies That which has
risen again, in allusion to the fable of
the Phoenix rising from its own ashes
Question 5. “Has not every sylla
of the Tsalagi a proper meaning or im
port when standing alone? if they
have, give the meaning of each.”
Ans. Far from it. The number of
monosyllables is very small. I can
learn only the following which are
ever used separately.
d an adverb of place.
00 an interjection of admiration or
surprise, used only by women.
1 commonly doubled, u, signifying
yes. '
© an interjection, calling for atten
tion.
iy an adverb, yonder at a distance.
<* interjection, what? also an ex
clamation of pain,
j. adverb, very.
a an interjection denoting disgust at
any offensive smell,
e pronoun, that; adverb there.
g an interjection, used in conversa
tion, denoting assent to w r hat another
has just said,
ri no, not.
© the same with n,but belonging to
a different dialect.
« (Invo) the amen of an assembly of
Cherokees, uttered on a low key with
a protracted sound, by the assembly,
at the close of a speech which is ap
proved. If only here and there an in
dividual utters this sound, the speaker
infers-that his address is not well re
ceived. This is used also, I am told,
by other Indian tribes.
The following may be considered - as
distinct words, but are always attach
ed to the termination of other words,
like the conjunction que in Latin.
y Did you say? as ss bread, ssy
Bread did you say?
z and.
•v* an adverb of frequent use, but
difficult to define; truly, indeed, even,
only.
s an adverb which asks a question.
^ or for, because,
h an adverb of exhortation.
<*>a an adverb of interrogation-, e-
quivalent to j.
There are also several significant
syllables prefixed to nouns and verbs,
some of them having the force of pro-
nonns, but they are no more distinct
words, than ed or ness in English.
rW
f Many Cherokee
sometimes aspirated,
&c. [
syllables are
as © hwi, p hli
dc^a.i m ©wy*, sopma 27,1828.
SiiyZvGB 1.81 TS ktiw
vbpo®a Afcysp. awa TcreAsx<»a
P? AoiSo^AA WPSP. AWA TS feABXoSA?
SM«V»y. tA S0AI? O j 0ABXbSE, O 5 0AB»V*O—
A, Sabi, J6Cr<5to, O-yJ\, JtoiYA, O’GAB'Pae;
0 3 0A Bid?E ,p©JS*4(»Aa TS, Dtf 0»J1\VM
0“TP TS'SAl (PCAl At-aedSB/lA Ml T-
Gr<*)A. AWA 09h* seyiotiy B8 BRZ*Z?
0-yKA. TS DAdeAdiE 0*A TS APoDS, (PBG,-
AAAlPZ SAA RZ* APdHS. SUX-a SAA, V-
«Y»Z BBPMXSA BS BRZ*Z O-A A©-aE TA-
P. TS Ml A To® A AS'SStaWlA, RZ*Z S-
■4A* DGJS*4c»AAZ AlihP T8PP- cSeiiPi-
JbS. AWA Tc30”A FSABd** hSFolAop? W-
WS. SA S0Ai? O’Z-aWB, ©SP, DO-*, J-
CJh, DO-<S)EA, SoPM*, Sffili, SP-
0®A, ShZA, O-BSX, ioty*, tpz-awh AW-
0-A6®y D$A*<3ET, TE**Z TS 6«>y ©-4T
TT DSA*<3E TS SAi.
TSPT, AD TS h>y-£l*W» A-GAGTT; TT
MidtBJiAvG IrA^y. 8AZ IiSR Ty-G-V’S
06®y TS? lrAP- RBPRPTA TSSPeDI* TS^l-
VVO-A DB AA hSfT’GSET? AyyCsWhB-
Dtf O s h AV-aSoiBAA IpSSP-
«iEy. TSPT, O'GAh e*y, Ah-hA*V* IiS-
<r». *R«V* TAP TlrEeGTlP. Ly*V<iiyh T-
TidTiA Bfa, Ly*r AyA&.Ao6Ee TP-4(»A,
Drf AT*A Ty»B TSTP IiDRe TP-4oi'A. T-
AAG'U;4r* BSASAlE O’EOGrA D-4WA RA, D4
By<*saA. DB O s Ta.O-A.
DhWP (POPT 0°AA-a4T, £Ii©A«ftAZ P-R
0 3 o©S4A HM* P4T; TJWZ SOBATrf JOP-
nnw ornliaP. CZ TM
CTAO-4, ShA? BO- Djeap ©T4 daaj^
tap. osy acti^o- P4 ©“bpara*; bb-
©<»yh EIiSPoSA TI-4 0°-a4 'TETJ *TZ
O’BO-A SAA ©“WWcSJWA Dt O’hrRA 0 3 T-a-
a; o 3 o-b» a-a a cp- o-j°so-, Goiy ad bo- if.
ATofiA BSES OOPWCPA ArdUA. 0 D MTZ BO-
LSZ G'PRToilBhArf, 0 ) ©4«V k *. B«VZ EA(V
iT’A hPRe ©PdDWO- DcT O-BEG.f’AA UPR0
Gib*'* aPdBWO-, T'E O-Bcryp AO’f’A, HA-
•V 1 , yePT, SA*V’ VIP /lO-? P Bill ©AO-TJt
o-a.oixry. ©“aagta es-y eirs, acpita d-
IT, Drf AD ZA Dymp, LoCA A-aACT T
obXtVTP (pJiJhP, Boiy fi* o-BcrePdCB-
AP, Esy CPPT. PE (PT-ao-A
AA* TER, TSP<*BAA*, D^P
Ay©ea,ir<»A*. edcy<s>y/i o>bpa-
Aobp hTya»4PT. e<s®yd®yh p-yc5iiA<»y
0h A O 3 A AGP A P-yp-CrACP - . (POAh-V^Z
*y, p-ydesyap *y tgtz l<»a *jtP'C?'4<»a
SAA, Drf Ld®A *AJfa®<»BA?di>A, Drf L«®A
Ah'-a^JoCA D^P ACe&PdaA, *I«A4oS.—
e*V*d»>yii D4 *BI»hd®Aop T(S“Z O^AACT *R
*ssp<»Ee *y. TyMrAcr- ui-ue *y
SSWBP, Dcf *R hBPhEA<BO *y, Drf D4-
p«v» *y.s-a Ay®e<A,T»deA. iCdsyn o»g
D,p-aA *y, A-aAcr*v* aysbpk hides ©a-
?T. ;£ T0P<T RA DCdlPA *y. Ay*
aedeBAA^deyh vp-btgtz tsp^bba *-
SSPoP, Dtf AS aw *ASSPoS. DAZO- odey
0 a AP diLCr", J«atfJTdBA»V«^Z 1-4 T0I» IpB-
aapt, Dtf o’h'V* aopeai-T. AAoeyn o 3 **
esAcr*v* *hsr 3 (>' tg*z *sphEA'a *Ay-
•a©dBBA-a. Dtf Z 0de*V» AP-Ip tiiw A A*
*BOr»deS. DPdeBBA«V* DlPAdeBO- deeSGX-
des, DIip'BZ Aaw AEO-*B0SGXdeS, hSP-
ajsp *BeaGXdes. AJUPdeyn Tydeap-
»ey. Ty-a-V’SdeAdeyh, LdeA*v* *yao-T-
I-deA AhhP BGSGXdeET. EhCP«V» DP^TP
TSBAGBRAT. LdeAdeyh *y*0-TPdeA,
04«^Z D4 adSAA, iC Dtf ^P 0*V MCsdeA
*y, tgtz ra h-adetf’ o^o *A^-ades. ic-
AZO- 0 5 fiTC?' *y lradtAA; TA*P4deA*r-
dey TAdeBa,A4deA ts sipt asAhirr.
•Mr. Pickering speaks of the combina
tion hs as oceurring in Cherokee; a mistake
probably arising from having heard some
words pronounced, in which the vowel
sound of a syllable beginning with k and
followed by the sound of « is scarcely aTtic-
culated; as bjvo-, (da-ku-sa-nv,) a
I 1 turnin, where the vowel u is pot distinctly
heard.
aws TdedeAAiy awkaz, j-p*vmi ©-a wf
KABA TS Ml.
t,«V» TCsIuSJWB TSPT. EIiGr’<V 4 O 5 0(J”O-T
deA DeBAsr’Adey Ahivsy, Gdey o’ot.Ae
pwo-A AS-aw*wo-A^z p-4«>A, cdeyz *R
TGTPdeWO-deA* ©wy SAI Ih-aedeBAA.—
Gdey, W* TCsWhB DXSPdeE *RTG?PdeW'
0-d?A* ©wy SSAI. AD DBO-BA* TER«V*
Rdes h<r°A A®tr(ttf»di)A TAPR, Dtf O^E®
CTA h>AE4PA*V TSStf* Ty A©tKV(J w deA P-R
ShhBR *BS6a?. P BA AD *hSPdt>L. 0
AA5P AhAdey AS-TAdeA*, Dtf AoCAdey*
DOAdey 0°AACrAd8 GC5P DAdey c90AAS
AASP (VhWhAvlr. P(V4*», AE*d®yh O’WW
AdBAdiy* D8Jh» B9ABARZ A«MP ©DhA
TKA RAPR0Z Ty. IdeX-aAA* TKA ©B
UW8K t,*v«deyhzo- ©do-zdaapt. p<v.*v»
AD lrhh>ii5 ZROdiyh EG,^-aA Go®y Td&(P
AA *y VG, DAG A©tT<A,J”dfcAdeyh IiSvU«»E
0°AAGTA* DXSPoP JphlrtfJtfS. D^P TGB0-
Boty A A t»0tf W* TCsSBZoP Dh ©WV SA
B® EC^liGCstf* l-R, Dtf 0AJ1j0 Ml G<»y <BR
AA* O J 0BO-BAdeA* GB- TBfl™ ASBG.tf’deA
TKPO- TCScBPRPlp TCTZ Gdey *AdeB<VA,
JidSiP DtfZ EhCr*V* adtA DBO-BA* ©Ir* RA
lradeA Jtf*0-Td6A D?'© A0 3 RSAV GWy*
O^BhO-A* TO^SPT. TC=0-B(T»^Z P4o®A ©-
Wy 0 3 hGPR fiotP TEAa.T.
TSFT, EhCT*V* TG(T’0“Tm?A T
irAS, SA hA DS'a*V* 0>sy AC=4d9A Gtr* R-
A O 3 ^^^ aGZBPdvBA-a SA O-’deadeA AAP"
d®A E’^.W 4 WO-A PR Dtf ©Wy* h-9oB DS-©
SA AlPnyR? DBO-BA* Gdiy Gtf’/l'a DPB
(PBZAay o 3 v* TSAP'di-A Gdey, o c&y^o-
TPdeA., TSPT, DtfU GWy aSAl T©AS ©-
Ip* RA Af&hP TSAGIVO-oSA*, TySAc®
IdeXO-h ©yAdBA* IpA4. AdeAoa*V*
D*V**B, h4*V* a.UR0*r *P4 DSWoPZ $P G-
dey TErAA kp-rg p-r, c^z .pp rsw d<t
XO- *ASBCV SaaA*V«, DtfZ C^P O-A S3PE
©BS^SGA Bl-Eayz *GPR, RSW, Dtf X0-,
AGP-R^Z Gt, A*®*, DtfZ Gdey O 3 © Ty A-
yaba. dsWoPz Gdey ansoR gip* ra ip-
AZ CPCAl CTJBO- O-A S3PE TAA APR ©CP-
mcs vv*deA idexw *sMvBdes D^crGAP* ©-
AO>MC: t,4«deA DP®Adey TECVPdeAA. t-
deyu .pp O-A ASPdBAdeE *0-E(TS oh* R-«
OBOiBoT O-A DdeBtVlP’dBA*. E^Z ^P BSB-
p©(j". TASWop^Z Gdey TI-Stf’A.A ^P hi—
Ro pr, hB©ea?@deyhPZo- *y Gdey*v»
TEa.rAA DhO»G 0«AZA RSW *E4, S®R-
Z RSW AiTS-aR. PP CPaPAdeAGT *08tf5.
Ptt.'V* Dh ©Wy SAI DB DXlTRA, Dtf Dyp-
CrACT Dhowy CPtfJA* SAA, Gdey^Z lp^-
■©t Ty. ©ir* ra o 3 PBde\v^*v 4 iratfs4,
DAO tlrh'P**^ 0 3 RA3* TAP DBhPdeA PR
IrhPS, ICPP WP^l *0-SS TCTZ TDtfh-a D-
h ©wy*. Gdey hh© TRPR (PCvR-V* DB-
(T’lT’O-T O>B0-AyA O-A hSPoCAdeE C ^P G-
dey ao-ssj^s rpr*v. tsft, tcspgt-t d-
h ©Wy* A©BC*.(T 3 deA DdeXhAA Dtf ©Z?J"
SOVAdeWO- O’hESCT'A TAP TC=hI 3 S.
Ji£deAhA.
' p eszyer ©wy itfAvo-A astfBir* nyes-
I»AT. TBT*ydePdeAdeyh ©<£!■’ RyC5htf»-
T. Typer A* SAA RA4PT, Otf TSGhE-
From the N. Y. Journal of Commerce.
FOREIGN.
The Courier of the 7th says “some
alarm was excited in the city in t>j
morning, in consequence of a state
ment, put forth with great confidence.
That a coolness had taken place be
tween this country and France, upon
the affairs of Greece—that our efforts
to prevent France from interfering
directly in behalf of Greece had fail
ed—that Charles X had resolved to
act by himself and for himself, to de
liver, organize, and occupy Greece,
that the army collected in the vicinity
of Toulon was intended for the Mo-
rea,—that this intention was viewed
with alarm by our Ministers, who had
used every means of persuasion to in
duce France to relinquish a plan, the
execution of which might hasten the
dissolution of the present order of
things in Europe—that she availed
herself of the present crisis, and of
the difficulties in which she imagines
it has involved us, to carry her inten
tion into effect;—finally, that she had
determined to adopt a course of poli
cy different from that which she had
bound herself to pursue.”
THE FIRST GREAT BATTLE.
The Ndremburg Correspondent of
the 26th May furnishes us with an ac
count of the first great battle fought
between'the Russians and Turks, in
which the latter have been complete
ly defeated with the loss of nine or
ten thousand men killed, for no woun
ded are mentioned, besides 3,500 pri
soners: The Turks also lost 43 new
brass cannon, 23 mortars, and one
hundred and seven standards! The
loss of the Russians amounted to 1,-
750 killed, and about 3,000 wounded.
Thus has the pride of the Turks been
humbled in the first great encounter,
notwithstanding their boasted prepa
rations of defence. A great portion
of the Turkish army is shut up in the
fortresses of Giurgewo, Rudschuk, and
Silistria, amounting to 35,000 men,
who will probably have no alterna
tive but to'surrender to the Russians.
It appears that the Danube had been
crossed by the Russians with little
trouble. The Turkish army in the
fjeld consisted of 40,000 infantry and
18,000 cavalry, and was greatly su
perior to the Russians. The Turk
ish new troops stood pretty firm, and
at first succeeded in throwing part of
Russian cavalry into disorder; but the
arrival of the infantry and horse artil
lery soon put the Turks to the route
They were pursued several wersts on
the hight road toConstantinople. The
news of this defeat in the capital will
put the Sultan’s head in jeopardy. j -~
The Turks lost a number of men, &
all thcircamp equipage and provisions
in thecrossing of the Danube, besides
2500 killed in a sally from the fortress
of Rudschuk.
FROM CHILE.
The following are extracts from
letters to the 15tlr March, received
by the Editor of the Yeoman’s Ga
zette, printed at Concord, Mass, from
a gentleman residing in Chile.
“Perhaps you may expect that I
should say something about the state
of this country, its prospects, form of
government, &c. but I can assure you
the less that is said about the matter
the better; however, I will state a
few facts and you may judge for your
self. The existing government here,
is a thing that may be worshipped
without a crime, as it is in the form
of nothing on the face of the earth, or
in the waters beneath. The person
who is now styled President of Chili,
(General Freyre,) marched from the
province of Conception at the head of
2000 troops, entered the capital, San
tiago, ousted the officers of govern
ment, likewise self nominated, and
seated himself quietly in the presidi-
ential chair, where he now remains j
and the Vice-President, General Pin
to, transacts all the business of Pres
ident. They have also now sitting an
apology for a Congress, consisting of
30 members; but such proceedings!!!
The ostensible object of this Congress
is to form a constitution, and if they
should actually succeed in forming one t
it will no doubt be overthrown, like
those which have been successively
formed in the years 1818—’20 and ’25.
We have no other laws here at pres
ent, but the old Spanish, if an excep
tion cannot be made in favour of l Club
Law,' although I am not sure but that
many belong to the Spanish code.—
Such a thing as a l Jury’ is not known
here, indeed it is considered as a fab
ulous thing, a monster to be ranked
with the sea serpent and mermaid!
We have ‘Judges’ here, but by vvhat
rules they are governed, is a secret
which I do not think even the Inqui-
sion could extort. We have had one
election since I have been her.e; and in
this place, which contains 20,000 in
habitants, there were cast but 800
votes; and it was acknowledged that
one half of these could neither read
nor write. The lower classes are in
the most degraded and miserable
state, wanting every species of refine
ment and education. They have no
established means of education, with
the exception of a few primary schools
and a college, in Santiago, founded by
the Jesuits, but (his is fast falling in
to decay.”
“Chile, notwithstanding what I have
said, is perhaps better off* and more
tranquil than any other of the South
American states—so you may judge
what a state the others must be in.—
Peru is in a state of constant commo
tion; a man in power to-day is in pris
on to-morrow; foreigners are constant
ly draining the country of its specie—
and what will be its fate, ultim
ately, or the fate of these states, no
one can tell. It is a most shameful
b urlesque upon the word to call them
‘Republics'—for no government can be
established here opon liberal princi
ples, on a solid foundation, until a rad
ical change has taken place throughout
the whole country; education must be
cherished, and the rising generation
taught to know their rights, of which
their fathers, who have just emerged
from the yoke of Spanish despotism,
are so ignorant. It was the policy of
the Spaniards to keep the people of
this country in a most profound state
of ignorance, and they succeeded to>
such a degree that a vasjt majority of
the people can neither read nor write,
have no ideas of government, and u-
nite in nothing but a cordial hatred to*
the Spaniards, whom they will fight
upon any and every occasion with a
great deal of pleasure. I consider it
a chimerical idea that Spain will ev
er govern these countries again, and I
consider it as equally chimerical that
any man will ever see them in a set
tled and prosperous state in the 19th
century. The influence which Eng
land possesses in all the South-Amer-
ican states is immense. In Chile, for
instance, the England have a loan of
5,000,000k and those who loaned the
money, to make sure of the interest,
were bbliged to place in the hands of
a company of native merchants the
monopoly of certain articles most in
use in the country, such as tea, tnbac-
co, spirit*, segars, &c. upon condition
that they should annually pay the in
terest on the English loan; they ha^
influence enough to cariy this measure
into efTect, and the company now ex
ists under the name of the ‘Franco/
by which the government lose a mill
ion of dollars annually; and the people
pay nearly double the price for all ‘es-
tanco’ articles, but the English secure
the prompt payment of the interest cf
their loan. Similar measures exist in
all the South American States. There
is a very strong and general prejudice -
both in Chile and Peru against Bolivar?
he is said to be now at Guayaquil, at
the head of his army; the Peruvians
expect he will invade their territories,'
but t do not believe he will attempt
it, for he has every thing to lose by
such a measure and nothing to gain,
the Peruvians wish for nothing less
than his presence or assistance At,
variance as they are among themselves
in every thing else, they will unite in
resisting him; but whether thev possess
energy arid power sufficient effectual.-