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COMMUNICATIONS.
CHEROKEE LANGUAGE.
ANsweß TOO PROFESSOR RAFINESQUE’S
QUESTIONS.
Mr. Boupivort: I have read in
the 22d number of your paper a com
~munication from Professor Rafinesque
of Philadelphia, containing a series of
questions on the language and history
of the Cherokees. To those which
relate to the language I will attempt
an answer.
Question I. “Why is there such a
‘Uifference between the Alphabet pub
lished by the United States in Indian
treaties, and that given in No. 1 of
your Journal, or Guess and W. alpha
bets? Ido not mean in the order or
pronunciation, but in the forms, terms
and nutations?” [notations’—muta
tions?]
Anps. In regard to the forms of the
letters, itis to be expected that. the
handwriting of different persons will
vary;and especially that there will
be -a difference between ordinary
handiriting, and a copy prepared as a
pattern for types, or the printed char
acters. The printed letter is suffi
ciently like the original to be at once
recognized, I believe, by every Chero
kee reader.
As to the manner of expressing the
sounds by English characters, Profes
sor R. is doubtless aware, that En
glish letters have each so many sounds,
that any syllable may be spelt in seve
ral different ways. 'This accounts in
part for the circumstance of the same 1
sounds being expressed in different
ways in my communications and in
the Alphabet published at Washington.
Besides this, I suppose that whoever
communicated the Alphabet to the
War Department at Washington, was
not perhaps entirely familiar with it,
and may have mace two or three mis
takes.
Question 2. “What mean the three
letters all three pronounced un
(French) & & i of Guess, and what is ‘
become of them? What is become
also of Claugh »p, Cleeh e, Clah g,
Clegh 1, Cloh <, and the nasal
Gnaugh z?”
" Ans. Only one of the three letters
in question, viz. i, has simply the
sound of un I'rench. The other two
are aspirated, and differ from each
other only in that the sound of « is
more open than that of . This dis
tinction has been regarded as of so lit
tle consequence, particularly by Maj.
Lowrey, who has been the oracle on
this subject, that the character ¢ has
been omitted, and, as no type has been
cast for it, your printers can only rep
resent it, as I perceive they have
done, by breaking the English capital
G.
In regard to the syllable Claugh.
there must have been an error. The
character p has the sound of Tl,
[the letter v, representing nearly the
sound of un, French.] The character
e has, through imperfect penmanship,
taken the place of 6, pronounced 7%,
the sound represented in the United
States document by Cleegh. Clah, [s,]
Clegh, [L,] and Cloh, [#,] are the
sounds which I represent by Tla, Tle
Tlo. The sound of z 1 represent no.
It is often, perhaps more commonly,
aspirated, as if written Ano, and per
haps slightly nasal. Tsuppose gnaugh
is used to represent precisely the
same sound which I would write Ano.
Question 3. “Why is the name of
the nation ewy pronounced by Guess
Tsah-lah-keeh, and by W. Tsa-la-gi?
are the sounds G and K interchange
able? and also Cl and Ti 2” ,
Ans. Guess never wrote the name
of the nation either Tsah-lah-keeh or
Tsa-la-gi, but ewy. The I'at the
end of each syllable of Tsah-lah-keeh,
I suppose was intended to indicate
that a has the short Ttalian sound, and
ee that of short i. The sound repre
sented by the character ¥ is some
times ki, but oftener gi, or betweenthe
sounds of k & g, but nearer that of g. G
as pronoun-ced by Germans represents
it best. This is the case in the word
ewy. The sounds G and K are not in
terchangeable in the same word, tho’
they have the same representatives in
the letters ¥, v, A, 5, . In each the
sound of German & is most common.
The sound of Clor KI, does not
belong to the language. If, however,
Professor R. will attempt to pro
nounce the syllables Cla-and 7T'la, he |
will find that he makes but a slight dif
ference; and as the combination CI is
familiar to the eye of an English schol
ar, and not Tl:he is more likely to use
the former as a representative of the
Cherokee sound.
Question 4. “Is really the Tsalagi
language totally deficient of the sounds
B, D FJER YV, X\Z, Th, and
all the nasal sounds An, En, In, On,
Un? how would you write my name
Rafinesque, for instance, perhaps L
hineska? how Washington, Jefl'ersai
Europe, Pheenix, Boston, &c.”
Ans. All the sounds in question are
entirely wanting in Tsalagi except R
in one dialect in which it 1s always us
ed instead of L.—[See Question 6.}
Foreign' words, except proper
names, are seldom imitated by Cher
okees. Inproper names, Bis some
times changed to Q, as oa (Que-ti)
for Betsey, (Betty.) Sometimes to
W, as er (Wi-li,) for Billy. Dis
represented by v, ¢, al, A, s, o, the
consonat sound of the three first of
which is always, and that of the three
latter often, better represented by D
than by T. F issometimes, perhaps
always changed to W aspirated, as in
vobh ( Tse-lawi-si-ni) for Jefferson. = J
is changed to T's, asalso Ch & G soft;
as wy ( Tsi-sa) Jesus, wouw ( Tsi-ka-sa)
Chickasaw, ¢ (Tsa-tsi) George. P
is sometimes changed to Q, as v
( Qui-da) Peter, and sometimes to W,
as aP (Wa-li) Polly. Vis changed
to W, as so (De-wi) David. Of X I
recollect no example.* In the name
Jaekson cks may be considered as
equivalent toz. This name is written
vybh ( Tse-ki-si-ni,) the vowel of the
second syllable having but a slight
sound. = Z would become Ts.. Th
would assume-the sound of D nearly.
Of the changes of the nasal sounds in
question I know no examples. 1
The name Rafinesque might be
written weaay (La-hawi-ne-ski.) +
Washington has been written aruvo
(Wa-sv-ta-nv.) Jefferson vonn {Tse
hwi-si-ni.) Boston I. believe waun
(Wo-sda-ni.) Kurope mightbe &w
(Yu-la-qui.) Plieenix is a hard word.
The greatest approximation would be
onyh, (Hwi-ni-ki-si,) or #nys (Qui
ni-ki-si.) The Cherokee name of the
Newspaper signifies That which has
risen again, in allusion to the fable of
the Pheenix rising from its own ashes.
Question 5. ““Has not every sylla
of the Tsalagi a proper meaning or im
port when standing alone? if they
have, give the meaning of each:”
Ans. Far fromit. The number of
monosyllables is very small. I can
learn only the following which are
ever used separateély.
p an adverb of place.
¢ an interjection of admiration or
surprise, used only by women.
i commonly doubled, ::, signifying
yes.
® an interjection, calling for atten
tion.
r an adverb, yonder at a distance.
o interjection, what? also an ex
clamation of pain.
¥ adverb, very.
& an interjection denoting disgust at
any offensive smell,
e pronoun, that; adverb there.
G an interjection, used in conversa
tion, denoting assent to what another
has just said.
£ mo, not.
¢ the same with c, but belunging to
a different dialect.
@ (hwo) the amen of an assembly of
Cherokees, uttered on a low key with
a protracted sound, by the assembly,
at the close of a speech which is ap
proved. If only here and there an in
dividual utters this sound, the speaker
infers that his address is not well re--
ceived. This is used also, lam told,
by other Indian tribes.
The following may be considered as
distinct words,.but are always attach
ed to the termination of other words,
like the conjunction que in Latin.
v Did you say? as ss bread, ssy
Bread did you say?
z and.
«+ an adverb of frequent use, but
difficult to define; truly, indeed, even,
only.
g an adverb which asks a question.
8 or 8z for, because. .
f an adverb of exhortation.
#A an adverb of interrogation, e
quivalent to 5.
There are also several significant
syllables prefixed to nouns and verbs,
some of them having the force of pro
nonns, but they are no more distinct
‘words, than ed or ness in English.
*Mr. Pickering vspea{:‘s of the combina
tion &s asoccurring in Cherokee; a mistake
probably arising lg}om having heard some
words pronounced, in which the vowel
sound of a syllable beginning with k and
followed by the sound of s is scarcely artic
culated; as viwo, (da-ku-sa=nv,) a
turnip, where the vowel % is not distinctly
heard.
t Many Cherokee syllables are
‘sometimes aspirated, as o hwi, ¢ hli
&e.
From the N. Y. Journal of Commerce.
FOREIGN.
The Courier of the 7th says “some
alarm was excited in the city in the
morning, in consequence of a state
ment, put forth with great confidence..
That a coolness had taken place be
tween this country and France, upon
the affairs of Greece—that our efforts
to prevent France from interfering
directly in behalf of Greece had fail
ed—that Charles X had resolved to
act by himself and for himself, to de
liver, organize, and occupy Greece,
that the army collected in the vicinity
of Toulon was intended for the Mo
rea,—that this intention was viewed
with alarm by our Ministers, who had
used every means of persuasion to in
duce France to relinquish a plan, the
execution of which might hasten the
dissolution of the present order of
things in Europe—that she availed
herself of the present erisis, and of
the difficulties in which she imagines
it has involved us, to carry her inten
tion into effect;—finally, that she had
determined to adopt a course of poli
cy different from that which she had
bound herself to pursue.”
THE FIRST GREAT BATTLE.
The Nuremburg Correspondent of
the 26th May furnishes us with an ac
count of the first great battle fought
betwggen the Russians and Turks, in
which the latter have been complete
ly defeated with the loss of nine or
-| ten thousand men killed, for no woun
ded are mentioned, besides 3,500 pri
soners: The Turks also lost 43 new
brass cannon, 23 mortars, and one
hundred and seven standards! The
loss of the Russians amounted to 1,-
150 killed, and about 3,000 wounded.
Thus has the pride-of the Turks been
humbled in the first great encounter,
notwithstanding their boasted prepa
rations of defence. A great portion
of the Turkish army is shut up in the
fortresses of Giurgewo, Rudschuk, and
" Silistria, amounting to 35,000 men,
who will probably have no alterna
tive but to surrender to the Russians.
It appears that the Danube had been
crossed by the Russians with little
trouble. 'The Turkish army in the
field consisted of 40,000 infantry and
18,000 cavalry, and was greatly su
perior to the Russians. The Turk
ish new troops stood pretty firm, and
at first succeeded in throwing part of
Russian cavalry into disorder; but the
arrival of the infantry and horse artil
lery soon put the Turks to the route.
They were pursued several wersts on
the hight road toConstantinople. The
news of this defeat in the capital will
put the SuLTAN’s head in jeopardy.—
The T'urks lost a number of men, &
all theircamp equipage and provisions
in thecrossing of the Danube, besides
2500 killed in a sally from the fortress
of Rudschuk. °
FROM CHILE.
The following are extracts from
letters to the 15th March, received
by the Editor of the Yeoman’s Ga
zette, printed at Concord, Mass. from
a gentleman residing in Chile.
‘“Perhaps you may expect that I
should say something about the state
of this country, its prospects, form of
’gow"ernment, &ec. but T can assure you
the less that is said about the matter
the better; however, I will state a
few facts and you may judge for your
self. The existing government here,
is as thing that may be worshipped
without a crime, as it is in the form
of nothing on the face of the earth, or ',
1 in the waters beneath. The -person
{ who is now styled President of Chili,
(General Freyre,) marched from the
province of Conception at the head of
| 2000 troops, entered the capital, San
| tiago, ousted the -officers of govern
| ment, likewise self nominated, and
seated himself quietly in the presid
| ential chair, where he now remains;
| and the Vice-President, General Pin
to, transacts all the business of Pres
| ident. They have also now sitting an
| apology for a Congress, consisting of
‘| 50 members; but such proceedings!!!
| The ostensible object of this Congress
| is to form a constitution, and if they
| should actually succeed in forming one,
| it will no doubt be overthrown, like
| those which have been successively
| formedin the years 1818—’20 and 25.
{ We have no other laws here at pres
| ent, but the old Spanish, if an excep
| tion cannot be made in favour of ¢ Club
| Law,” although lam not sure but that
many belong to the Spanish code.—
Such a thing as a ‘Jury’ is not known
| here, indeed it is considered as a fab
ulous thing, a monster to be ranked
with the sea serpent and mermaid!
We have ‘Judges’ here, but by what
rules they are governed, is a secret
which I do not think even the Inqui
sion could extort. We have had one
election since I have been here; and in
this place, which contains 20,000 in
habitants, there were cast but 800
votes; and it was acknowledged that
one half of these could neither read
nor write. The lower classes are in
the most degraded and miserable
state, wanting every species of refine
ment and education. They have no
established means of education, with
the exception of a few primary schools
and a college, in Santiago, founded by
the Jesuits, but this is fast falling in
to decay.”
¢“Chile, notwithstanding what I have
said, is perhaps better off and more
tranquil than any other of the South
American states—so you may judge
| what a state the others must be in.—
Peru is in a state of constant commo
| tion;"a man in power to-day is in pris
on to-morrow; foreigners are constant
ly draining the country of its specie—
and what will be its fate, ultim
ately, or the fate of these states, no
one can tell. It is a most shameful
burlesque upon the word to call them
‘Republics’—for no government can be
| established here upon liberal princi
ples, on a solid foundation, until a rad
ical change has taken place throughout
the whole couiitry; education must be
cherished, and the rising generation
taught to know their rights, of which
their fathers, who have just emerged
from the yoke of Spanish despotism,
are so ignorant. Tt was the policy of
the Spaniards to keep the people of
this country in a most profound state
of ignorance, and they succeeded to
such a degree that a vast majority of
the people can neither read nor write,
have no ideas of government, and u
nite in nothing but a cordial hatred to
the Spaniards, whom they will fight
upon any and every occasion with a
great deal of pleasure. 1 consider it
a chimerical idea that Spain will ev
er govern these countries again, and I
consider it as equally chimerical that
any man will ever see them in a set
tled and prosperous state in the 19th
century. The influence which Eng
land possesses in all the South-Amer
ican states is immense. In Chile, for
instance, the England have a loan of
5,000,000!. and those who loaned the
money, to make sure of the interest,
were obliged to place in the hands of
a company of native merchants the
monopoly of certain articles most in
use in the country, such as tea, tobac
co, spirits, segars, &c. upon condition
that they should annually pay the in
terest on the English loan; they had
influence enough to carry this measure
into effect; and the -company now ex
ists under the name of the ¢ Estanco,’
by which the government lose a mill
ion of dollars annually; and the people
pay nearly double the price for all ‘es
' tanco’ articles, but the English secure
the prompt payment of the interest of
their loan. ~ Similar measures exist in
all the South American States. There
is a very strong and general prejudice’
both in Chile and Peru against Bolivar;
he is said to be now at Guavaquil, at
the head of his army; the Peruvians
expect he will invade their territories,
but T do not believe he will attempt
it, for he has every thing to lose by
such a measure and nothing to gain,
the Peruvians wish for nothing Tess
than his presence or assistance. At
variance as they are amo themselves .
in every thing else, theynfifll unite in
resistiag him; but whether they possess
energy and power sufficient effectual- ᎠᏨᏍᎪᏘ ᎨᏴ ᏣᎳᎩᏱ; ᏕᎭᎷᏱ ᏘᎢ, 1838.
ᎥᎫ. ᎮᏂᏄ, ᏍᎩᏃᎲᏏ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎢᎦ ᏑᏕᏗᏴᏛᎵ ᏦᎢᏧᏈ
ᏑᏓᏢᏍᎪ ᎯᏍᎩᎦᏢ. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳᎾᎪᏓᏆᏍᏘ ᏑᏕᏗᏴ
ᏛᎮ ᎯᏍᎦᏍᎪᎯ ᏔᏢᎦᏢ. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᎦ ᏮᎾᎪᏓᏆᏍᏗᎮ
ᎦᎷᏉᎩ, ᎦᎪ ᏚᎾᏁᎥᎮ ᎤᎾᏁᏓᏆᏍᎬ, ᎤᎾᎪᏓᏉᏅ--
“1Ꭿ; ᎦᏍᎦ, ᏪᏅᏍᏕ,; ᏅᎩᏁ, ᎯᏍᎩᏁ, ᎤᎾᎪᏓᏈᏕᎾ:
ᎤᎾᎪᏖᏆᏍᎬ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᏎᎸᏍᎪᏗ ᎢᎦ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ
ᎤᏤᏢ. ᎢᎦ ᏚᎪᎥ ᎣᏒ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏘ ᎨᏒ Ꭲ
ᏳᏍᏗ. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎾᏕᏂᎰ ᎦᎾᏁᏍᎩ ᏏᎦ ᏏᏒᏃᏱᏃᎮ
ᏅᎩᏦᏁ. ᎢᎦ ᎠᏘᏍᏗᏍᎬ..ᏅᎪ ᎢᎦ ᎪᏢᏍᎦ; ᎤᏖᏩ
ᏗᏍᎪᏛᏃ ᎦᎪᎯ ᏒᏃᏱ ᎪᏢᏍᎦ. ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎦᎪᎯ; Ꮜ
ᏉᏃ ᏂᏓᏢᎷᏆᏕᎪ ᏏᎦ ᏏᏒᏃᏱᏃ ᏅᎪ ᏗᎧᎸᎬ ᎢᏗ
Ꮲ.. ᎢᎦ ᎨᏒ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ᏒᏃᏱᏃ Ꭶ
ᏄᏗᏱ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᎪᏘᏃ ᏗᏂᏂᏲᏢ ᎢᎦᏢᎨ ᏯᏮᏂᏢᎥ
ᏍᎦ, ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏯᏅᎪ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏛ ᏂᎦᏢᏍᏘᎭᎮ Ꮤ
ᎢᎳᎦᏚ- ᎦᎪᎦᏮᎪᎥᎮ ᎤᏃᎸᏔᏂ, ᎧᎦᏢ, ᎠᏅᏱ; Ꭻ
ᏬᏂ, ᎠᏅᏍᎬᏘ; ᏕᎭᎷᏱ; ᎫᏰᏉᏂ, ᎦᎶᏂ, ᏚᏢ
-ᎥᏍᏘ, ᏚᏂᏃᏘ, ᏅᏖᏓᏕᏆ, ᎥᏍᎩᏱ, ᎤᏃᎸᏔᏂ ᏗᏓᎴ
ᏅᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏕᏘᏱᏍᎬᎢ, ᎢᎬᏱᏱᏃ ᎢᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎧᎸᎢ
ᎢᏤ ᎠᏕᏘᏱᏍᎬ ᎢᎦ ᏚᎪᎥ. -
ᎢᎦᏢᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦ ᏥᎩᎸᏉᏛ ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ:; ᎢᏤ
ᏓᏂᏍᏓᏂᎯᎲ ᏥᎪᏎᏪᎩ. ᎦᎪᏃ ᏂᎦᎡ ᎢᎩᎸᏉᏕ
ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎦᎮ ᏥᎪᎬ ᎡᏓᏢᎡᏢᏤᏗ ᎢᎦᏚᏢᏍᎨ ᎢᎦᏁ
ᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᏏ ᎪᎯ ᏂᎦᏛᎿᏕᎬᎢᎮ Ꮭ; ᏗᎩᎩᏨᏔᏂᏓ
ᏍᏗᏉ ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᎴᏒ ᎤᏲ ᏗᎩᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏥᎦᏚᏢ
ᏍᎬᎩ. ᎢᎦᏢᎢ, ᎤᏣᏘᏂ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᏗᏥᏂᎯᏉ ᏂᎦ
Ꮫ.-- ᎣᏒᏉ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎢᏥᎬᏫᏳᏛ.- ᏞᎩᏉᏍᎩᏂ Ꭲ
ᏓᎴᏂᎪ ᎠᏂ, ᏞᎩᏉ ᏁᎩᎪᏩᏗᏍᎬᎾ ᎢᎨᏎᏍᏗ,
ᎠᎴ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎢᎩᎲ ᎢᎦᏤᏢ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᎨᏎᏍᏗ. Ꭲ
ᎪᎯᏳᎲᏉ ᏂᎦᏪᏍᎬ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎡᎯ, ᎠᏎ
ᏓᎩᏍᏕᎸᎯ. ᎠᏴ ᎤᏤᎸᏅᎯ.
ᎠᏂᏔᏢ ᎤᎾᏢᎢ ᎤᏁᎪᎸᏎᎢ, ᏭᏂᎶᎯᏍᏘᏃ ᎨᏒ
1 ᏬᏍᎦᏎᏗ ᏌᎷᏱ ᎨᏎᎢ; ᎢᏧᎳᏃ ᏚᎾᏓᏁᏤᎴ ᏧᏮᏢ
ᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎢᏳ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏴᏓᏳᎾᏢᏍᏓᏁᏢ. ᏝᏃ ᎢᏅᎯ
ᏳᏁᏅᏎ; ᎿᏉ ᏭᏂᎪᎮ ᏂᏅ ᎠᏯᏄᏢ ᏣᎢᏎ ᎠᏁᎪᎲ
ᎢᏗᏢ. ᎤᏚᎩ ᏄᏩᏛᏅ ᎨᏎ ᎤᎾᏢᏗᎡᏗᏱ; ᏏᏴ
ᏫᏍᎩᏂ ᎬᏂᎦᏢᏍᏘ ᎢᎨᏎ ᎤᎸᏎ ᏡᎬᎢ; ᏐᎢᏃ,
ᎤᏖᏅᏁ ᎦᎪᎯ ᎤᏔᏬᏍᏔᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏲᎱᏒᎯ ᎤᏤᎸ
Ꮑ; ᎤᏅᏖᏕ ᎯᎸᎯᏳ’ ᏅᏛᎦᏅ, ᏳᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏲᏅ ᎥᏝ
ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏴᎦᎬᎦ ᎤᏢᏬᏨᎯ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ. ᎤᎷᏤᏃ ᏲᏅ;
ᏞᎦᏃ ᎤᏢᏒᎢᏍᏓᏂᎪᎴ, ᎤᎶᏎᏉ. ᎿᏉᏃ ᎬᎪᏩ
ᏛᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏄᏢᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᏅᏓᎬᏩᏛᎪᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ
ᎾᏍᏉ ᏄᏢᏍᏔᏅ, ᏡᎬ ᏅᏓᏳᎩᎵ ᏗᎤᏛᏁ, ᎰᏩ
Ꮙ; ᎩᎾᏢᎢ;, ᎦᎪᏉ ᎠᏛ ᏂᏅᎮ Ꮀ ᎾᎥᏂ ᏣᎪᏅᎢᎲ
ᏅᏩᏍᏛᎩ. ᎤᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏛᎦᎥ ᏗᎤᏛᏁ Ꭰ
ᏐᎢ;, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏃᎯ ᎠᎩᏬᏁᏛ, ᏞᏍᏗ ᎯᎸᎯᏳ Ꭲ
ᏍᏓᏢᎢᏛ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏲᏱ ᏅᏓᏳᎧᏢᏍᏓ
ᏁᏢ; ᎬᏠᏕᎩ ᎤᏢᎢ. ᎠᎬ ᎤᏤᎸᏅᎯ.
Ꭵ ᏁᎳᎦ ᎢᏯᏍᎪᎯᏧᏈ ᏁᎳᏦᏁᏃ, ᎫᏰᏉᏂ ᎧᎸ ᏔᎵ
ᏦᏁᏏᏁ ᎢᎦ ᎨᏒ.
ᎿᏉ ᎢᏨᏲᏪᎳᏏ ᎢᎦᏢᎢ. ᎬᏂᎶ-Ꮙ ᎤᎾᏛᏅᎢ
ᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᎧᏖᎪᎧᏛᏗᏍᎩ ᏘᏂᎳᏫᎩ; ᏳᏣᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏓᎪᎾ
ᏛᏔᏅᎯ ᏗᎦᎸᏉᏔᏅᎯᏰᏃ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ, ᏩᏍᎩᏃ ᎣᏒ
ᎢᏳᏢᏍᏔᏅᏍᏗᏱ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏚᎪᎥ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏖᏁᏘᎢ---
ᏩᏍᎩ, ᎿᏉ ᎢᏨᏔᏲᏏ ᎠᏆᏚᏢᏍᎬ. ᎣᎡ ᎢᏑᏢᏍᏔ
ᏅᏍᏘᏱ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏕᎦᎪᎥ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗᏱ ᎢᎬᏒᏉ
ᎡᏍᎦ ᏂᏛᏁ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎢᎪᏢᏒ; ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᎬᏫ
ᏳᏨᎯ ᏥᏗᎬᏐᏢᎪᏉ ᎢᎦᎦᏛ ᎢᎩ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏘ ᎨᏒ
ᏚᏂᏂᏴᏒ ᏱᏓᎦᎶᏄᎮ. ᎰᏲᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏱᏂᎦᎵᏍᏓ. Ꮎ
ᎪᏞᎿᎵᎨ ᏘᏂᏁᏍᎩ ᏗᎦᏐᎯᏍᏗᏱ, ᎠᎴ. ᏗᏍᎪᏍᎩᏱ
ᎠᎾᏗᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᎤᏬᏢ ᎠᏘᏍᎩ ᏯᎾᏗᏁᎦ
ᎪᏪᏢ ᏩᏂᏔᏲᎯᎲ. ᎰᏩᏉ, ᎪᎬᏱᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏬᎳ
ᏗᏍᎪᏍᎩᏱ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏓᏕᏘᏴᎯᏒᏃ ᎪᏪᏢ ᏫᎠᏂᏁ
ᎢᏦᏘᏗ ᏂᎪᏢᎡᎾᏃ ᎢᎩ. ᏧᏍᏆᎸᎯᏗᏐ ᎢᏦᏗ ᏫᏓ
ᏂᎳᏫᎬ ᎿᏉᏍᎩᏂᏃᏅ ᏫᎠᏅᏃᏌᎯᎪᎰᎢ. ᎰᏩᏉ
ᎯᎠ ᏥᏂᏥᏪ ᏃᏒᎾᏍᎩᏂ ᎬᏩᏰᎸᏗ ᏩᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏛ
ᏁᎯ ᏱᎩ ᎩᎶ;, ᎠᏘᏳ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗᏍᎩᏂ ᏂᎦᏪᏍᎬ
ᎤᎪᎯᏳᏗᏱ ᎠᏆᏚᏢᎭ ᏥᏂᏥᏪᎭ. ᎠᏰᏢ ᎢᏣᏓᏅ
ᏖᏍᎩ ᎪᎯ ᏬᎾᎴ ᎿᏉ ᎢᏨᎦᏖᏃᎭ ᎠᏂ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏚᎪᎥ
ᏴᏫ ᎬᏩᏲᎶᏨᏛ ᎨᏒ; ᎠᎴ ᎾᏁᎲᎾ ᎨᏑᏒ ᏳᏍᎩ ᎣᏒ
ᎪᎯᏱ ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏓᏘᏍᏗᏱ ᏳᎿ ᎢᏴᏛ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ
ᎢᏦᏢᏅ ᎢᏨᏯᏢᏒᏢᏥ ᎢᏳᏃ ᏣᏍᎩ ᏱᏘᏍᏓᏩᏗᏘ;,
ᎣᏍᏛ ᎠᎴᏃ ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏘᏱ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ
ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏧᏛᏅᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᎸ ᎪᏁᎤᏒᎦᎳ ᏣᎳᎩᏱ
ᎤᏖᏲᏅᏗᏱ ᎢᎤᏚᏢᎢ. ᎢᏨᏅᏏᏛᏰᏃ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ Ꮳ
ᎳᎩ ᎤᏂᎶᎨᏒ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᎸᎢ.
ᎢᎦᏢᎢ, ᎬᏂᏬᏉ ᎢᏣᏛᏅᎢᏍᏗ ᎿᏉ ᎢᏨᏯᏛ
ᏛᎲᎦ, ᎦᎪ ᏂᎯ ᎠᏕᎸ5” ᎤᏚᎩ ᎪᏨᏎᏍᏗ ᏣᏥᏱ Ꭱ
Ꭿ ᎤᏜᏩᏛ ᏕᏣᏃᏴᏢᏍᏓᏁᎸ ᎦᎪ ᎤᏍᏕᏍᏗ ᎯᎪᎨ
ᏍᏗ ᎬᎸᏄᏉᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏣᎳᎩᏱ ᏥᎦᎭ ᎠᏕᎸ
ᎦᎪ ᎪᏛᎠᎩᏒᎮ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏘᏱ ᏳᏍᎩ ᏩᏛᏁᎸ ᎠᏥᎨᏴ
ᎤᏓᏃᏘᏕᎩ: ᎤᏠᏱ ᎢᎦᎪᎨᏍᏗ ᏳᏍᎩ; Ꮎ ᏯᎩᏰᏅ.
ᏤᏢᏍᎪ,Ꮎ -ᎢᎦᏢᎢ, ᎠᎴᏬ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏕᎦᎪᎥ ᎢᎧᏁᎦ Ꮳ
ᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ ᎪᏧᏯᏖᏛ ᎢᎦᎪᏣᎳᏅᏍᏗᏱ, ᎢᎩᎦᏘᏯ
ᏧᏬᎸ ᏧᏍᏆᏅᏂ ᏫᎩᏁᏍᏗᏱ ᏥᎪᏎ. ᎪᏍᏗᏯᏉ
ᎠᏉᎭᏓ, ᏂᏎᏉ ᏄᏪᏒᎾᏉ ᏱᎨ-Ꮞ ᎠᎦᏔᎭᏃ ᏰᏢ Ꮹ
ᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏛᏁᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎨᏒ, ᏝᏰᏃ ᏰᏢ ᎡᎦᏔ ᎠᎴ
ᏆᏅ ᏱᎪᎦᏴᏩ ᎦᏄᎸᎯᏉ, ᎠᎴᏃ ᏝᏰᏢ ᏅᎪ ᏚᎦᏢᎬ
ᏫᏴᎦᏰᎦᎶᎯ ᏴᎨᎬᏕᎩᏃ ᎣᎶᎨᏒ) ᏒᎦᏔ, ᎠᎴ ᏆᏅ,
ᎣᎶᎨᏒᏰᏃ ᏩᎿ ᎪᎣᏫᏐ, ᎠᎴᏃ ᏳᏍᎩ ᎤᎶ ᎢᎩ Ꮧ
ᎩᏍᏘ. ᎠᎦᏔᎭᏃ ᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᏂᎦᎾᏒ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ Ꮵ
ᎪᏃ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏳᏪᏅ ᏅᎪ ᏚᏕᏢᎬ ᎢᎪᏘ ᏗᎨᏒ ᏫᎶ
ᎷᏨ ᎿᏉᏍᎪ ᏧᏍᏆᎳ ᏱᏚᎷᎲᏍᎦ ᎠᎹᏳᎶᏗᎨ Ꮻ
ᏱᎤᎷᏨ ᎿᏉᏍᎪ ᏴᏢᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏩᏢᏍᎪᏗ. Ꮭ
ᏍᎩᏂ ᏰᏢ ᏅᎪ ᏗᎦᏢᏍᏘᏍᎬᎩ ᏱᏅᎬᏛᎦ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ
ᏣᏓᏅᏖᎭ ᏅᎪ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗᏱ. ᏝᏰᏃ ᏰᏢ ᎠᎦᏴ
ᏢᏫᏛ. ᎢᏗᎦᏔᎭᏰᏃ ᏩᏣᏍᎩ ᎢᎨᎦᏛᏁᏗ ᏰᏢ ᏂᎨ
ᏒᎾ ᎨᏒ, ᏂᏓᎧᎾᎲᎾᏮᏍᎩᏂᎨᏃᏅ ᏱᎩ ᏩᏍᎩᏉ
ᎢᎬᏩᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏂ ᎤᎶ ᏅᏘᏃᎯ ᏒᎦᏔ ᏯᎬᏎ, ᏚᏫᏒ
Ꮓ ᎡᎦᏔ ᏱᏛᏚᎸᎡ. ᎰᎨ ᎤᏕᎰᎯᏍᏗᏳ ᏱᏮᎦᏪ.
ᎰᏩᏉ ᎠᏂ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏚᎪᎥ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏆᏛᏒᎯ;, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᎨ
ᏳᎯᏳ’ ᎠᏂ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᏪᏗᏱ ᎦᎪᎯ, ᏳᏍᎩᏰᏃ ᏥᎲ
ᎸᎢ ᎢᎩ. ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ ᎤᏢᏓᏍᏔᏁᏉ ᏥᏄᏪᏎ,
ᎠᏘᏳ ᎥᏥᏲᏢᎦᏉ ᎤᏒᎯᏰᏱ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏲᏢᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ
ᏥᏲᏢᎦ,: ᎥᏝ ᎨᏢ ᏔᎵᏁ ᏱᏅᎦᏫ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎢᎠᎴᏂᎸ Ꭰ
Ꮒ ᏣᎳᎩᏱ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᏥᏫ ᎢᎡᏢᏒ ᎤᏩᏒᏉ ᎠᏓ
ᏛᏛᏅᎢ ᎤᏓᏅᎪᎩᎯ ᏅᎪ ᏂᎦᏢᏍᏗᏍᎬ Ꮭ ᏰᏢ Ꮹ
ᏍᎩ ᏱᏅᎦᎦᏛᎦ ᎡᏢᏒᏉ .. ᎢᎦᏢᎢ, ᎢᏨᎨ-Ᏻ”Ꭲ Ꭰ
Ꮒ ᏣᎳᎩᏱ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ
ᏚᎾᏠᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎢᏨᏲᏢᎦ.
ᎫᏯᏍᎪᏂᎯ.
Ꮀ ᏯᏃᎩᏳ’ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎫᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ ᏕᎦᎴᏴᏛ ᎡᎩᏬ
ᏂᎪᎢ. ᎢᏓᏛᎩᏍᎨᏍᏘᏍᎩᏂ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎡᎩᏬᏂᎴᎩ”
Ꭲ. ᏡᎩᎲᏏᏳᏗᏱ ᎦᎪᎯ ᎡᎪᏎᎰᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᎶᏂᎬ
ᏁᏗᏱ ᎢᏝᏒ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎦᏢᏍᏖᏁᏗᏱ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᏢ
ᎣᏍᏛ ᏘᏗᎩᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏗᏱ. ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏓᏢᏁ
ᎯᏯᏛ ᏂᏤᎩᏪᏎᎰᎢ. ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎨᎩᏬᏂᏘᏍᎩ
ᎧᏮᏂᎪ ᎤᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᎬᎩᎵᎨᏳᎯᏳ. ᎤᏣᏗᏂᏉᏰᏃ
ᏱᎩ;) ᎬᎩᏍᎦᎩᏉ ᏱᎩ ᎢᏳᏃ ᏞᏍᏗ ᏱᏥᎨᏳᏎᏍᏗ
ᎦᎪᎯ; ᎠᎴ ᏞᏍᏗ ᏱᏗᏥᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎮᏍᏘ, ᎠᎴ ᏞᏍᏗ
ᏱᏥᎸᏉᏕᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᏢ ᏗᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏘ; ᏱᎨᎪᏎᏅ-----
ᎾᏉᏍᎩᏂ- ᎠᏎ ᏱᏓᏓᏲᏍᏘᎭ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᎪᎯᏳ’ ᎣᏒ
ᏱᏕᎦᏢᏍᎬᎾ ᏱᎩ. ᎢᎩᎵᏳᎯᏳ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏱᎩ ᎦᏓ
ᏕᎦᎳᏏᏛ;, ᎠᎴ ᎣᏒ ᏂᏓᏢᏂᎬᏁᎲᎾ ᏱᎩ; ᎠᎴ ᎠᏎ
ᏢᏉ ᏱᎩᏰᎸ .ᏗᎩᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏗ. ᎥᏝᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᎶ
ᎠᏰᎸᏗ ᏱᎩ, ᎯᏄᎯᏳᏉ ᏗᎩᎦᏴᏢᎨᎵ ᏂᏧᏍᏕ ᏣᏁ
ᎮᎢ. ᎥᏝ ᎾᏉ ᎢᎾᎨᎢ ᎡᎯ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᏱᎩ. ᏗᎩ
ᏄᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᏠᎨᏏ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎢᎦᏢᏍᏓᏴᏗ Ᏹ
ᎦᏚᏢᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎦᎸᏬ ᏱᏗᎦᏚᏢᎭ. ᎠᏘᏃᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ
ᎤᏗᏢ ᎣᏏᏳ’, ᏧᏯᏪᎢᏍᏗᏉᏰᏃ ᎨᏎ ᎢᎾᎨ ᏥᏓ
ᏁᎪᎮᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᏉ ᏄᏮᏛᎾᏕᎨᎢ. ᎪᎯᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏑ
ᏬᏚᎯᏳᏉ ᏱᏂᎦᏛᏅ ᎢᏳᏃ ᏱᎦᏢᏂᎬᏁᎸ ᏱᏗᎩ
ᏄᏫᏍᏓᏁᎸ. ᎠᎴᏃ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏗᎨᏥ ᎣᏒᏉ ᎪᎯᏱ
ᏱᏓᎾᏛᏍᎦ. ᎠᏢᏍᏓᏴᏗᏉ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏓᏅ ᏯᎾᏕᎶᏆ
ᏍᎦ, ᎠᏂᎨᏴᏃ ᏗᏄᏬ’ ᏗᎬᏅ ᏱᏓᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎦ, ᏂᎦᏛ
Ꮓ ᎪᏪᏢ ᏱᏓᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎦ. ᎪᏪᏢᏍᎩᏂ ᎢᎩᏍᏕᏢ
ᏍᎩ. ᎢᎩᎸᏉᏕᏍᏗᏍᎩᏂ, ᏞᏍᏗᏉ ᏱᎩᏐᏅᏤ
ᎨᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᏲᏢ ᏓᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬᎢ. ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᎠᏢᏰᎢᏢ
ᎢᎦᏓᏁᎶᏴᎡᎲᎢ. ᏞᏍᏗᏍᎩᏂ ᏱᎩᏐᏅᏤᎮᏍᏗ,
ᎾᎧᏉᏰᏃ ᎠᏎ. ᏄᏍᏘᏘ, ᎥᏝ ᎠᎴ ᏰᏢ ᎾᏉ ᎨᎦᏨᏍᏗ
ᏱᎩ, ᎢᏨᏃ ᎡᏘ ᏥᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᎶ ᏱᏗᏰᎸᏍᎦ. ᎥᏝ
ᏗᏃᏅ ᎤᏲᎢᏳ ᏱᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗᏗᏘ; ᎢᏗᏱᏢᏎᏍᏗᎹᏉ
ᏍᎩ ᎢᏗᏍᏓᏩᏗᏘᏎᏍᏗ ᎢᎦ ᎦᏛᎢ ᏕᎦᏗᏂᏒᎢ.
