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Volume X 111.3
AMERICAN HISTORY.
£ t be following is tshaded from the
r.un:hcr of a scries of Histor
iial Letters , addressed to the Edi
tor of the I irgima Argus , and will
hi found well worth the attentive
ferns a l of most of our reader J
The United States were for
merly Btitilh colonies They arc
fituaud in the center of the north
ern part of the continent of Ame
rica. are in'polfi fiion of the knowl
edge and the arts of the oldest na
tions oi Europe, are rapidly aug
menting in population and wealth,
will at lonic luture period undoubt
edly give the law to the udiern
humifphere, and check the expan
fi nos European domination. Hie
Abitrican Union has been formed
rut of different dates, founded at
tfiff. rent epochs by various Euro
pe emigrants.
Sebastian Cabot, in the fcrvice
of Henry VII of England, fu ll < if
covered the continent of North-
Americain 1407 AV ut the Line
time numerous expeditions were
fitted out for tn iking dilcoveries in
thr N’ w world, and rurinfity bein 3
(li fulated by avarice, settlements
began to be formed in the succeed
ing century from the Gulf of Mexi
co to the river St. Laurence. It
would fettn, however, that none of
a permanent nature were effected
till 1608, when the French com
menced an edabiifhment at (Jue
btek. In t!ie year 1601, lord I)o
b War eftahliil.ed the colony of
V-rginia: In 1610, Newfoundland
was tettled by Governor John Guy.
N<"W-Jerfcy was colonized by the
Dutch in 1616, and bv the Knghfli
it 1664. About 1616 the Dutch
fi’tltd New Ymk. In 1620 Plv
r f*uth w'as fettled by pait of Mi
lt ;'in soil’s congregation of Puri
tans; and in 1628 captain John
F’ dicott and company made a col
onial establishment at lUaffachufetts
Bay. In 1627 Pcnnfylvania was
planted by the Swedes and Fins;
and in 1682 by William Penn.—
T he Swedes and Fins alio fettled in
Delaware in 1627. Nc w Hatr.p
{l ire was founded in 1623 by the
glifh. Maryland was fettled by
Lord Baltimore in 1633. The co
lony of Connecticut was ccramen
red by Mr. Fenwick, at Saybrook,
in 1635. Mr. Roger Williams re
tired from Massachusetts with his
persecuted brethren in 1637, and
founded Rhode Island. In 1669
South Carohna was fettled by Go
vernor Saylt*; and North Carolina
bv the Engliiii in 1728 General
Oglethorpe founded Georgia in
1732 ; and Kentucky was explored
and fettled by Col. Daniel Boon in
’ 1773. Emigrants from Connecti
cut, and other parts of New Eng
land, were established in Vermont
fr< m 1764 to 1777. Emigrants
from all parts of the Union fettled
Tuincflee about the year 1733;
and in *1787 the feltlement of the
Territory Not ill Weft of the river
Ohio was promoted by the Ohio
and other companies. Sir. it is the
current cf fhnfv t-daLHf’ incr.r? cv.i
MONITOR.
PUBLISHF.D BY DAYII) V. HILLIiOUSE.
WASHINGTON, (Geo.)—- ATHRD AY, FF.BRU \RY IS, 181:1.
of which have grown the present ‘
United States Louifi.trn and a
part of Weft Florida w. re purchas
ed from the French in 1803.
| Here the authtr gives a short de
tail of the rise and progress of the
American Revolution , — in conclusion
be proceeds :]]
Ou thp sth of May 1782, Sir
Gay Carletou arrive 1 at New-York ‘
an.l suspended Sir limy Clinton .
in command. The capture of Corn- ‘
wallis. excepting f.ue desultory
skirmishes. term, cited the war ; and
Sir Guy made proffers <>t p ace on ‘
the pit of his government. Gen
et a! W.ifhlsict >ll and the C n > ifs
acl :.i w-th great •ircutn , .i..cVon in
the bufi it.fi, being appo-henfive of
f :in • i ’u! play Nego.uati >ns, how
ever, being continued, the provi
fi ri.il trrrles of peace w-re signed
at Pi is >n be ? o !i of N ivember,
in which Gn. it B i tin a- knowled
ge! the freedom, favercignty, and
independence of t!ic States. They
wiie acknowledged in the fame
c’i.i.- .ct'-r i• v France on the 31 It
January ; 7 7 3 ; bv Holland on the
I9*h of April 1782; by Sweden
on t!.. s‘h of February >783; ;y
Denmark oil the 2 tjrh of F runny,
by Spain in March, by W nha t l
July of the fame yc; ; and■; Pi r.l
fia in 148. T I.i ucn the United
* m)
States are fuppifed to have ‘o.l i\
t!ie war about 73 c zo- In the'.Lr
feyfirifon flu > alme tt.oco ‘->u!s
are believed to have p rilie i. On
the 24th of March 1784 me peace
with America was r. 0.; i
Gen. Wafhhigton, • 1 •. v: • g fuc
cefsfully co'l ducted Iris country to
JndcpenJer ;e. aided bv • e gret
men of lb. time, repaired \n
Tiapolis. >nd,on the 23 1 of D ■-m
----ber 1783. ii the So ate room if
th B'ate House, rcli s nt\l his co 1-
cvfli >n into the han is of the Preli
dent of Cong-tfs This commiftion
is preserved in the Department of
State at Waftiington. I lis accounts
were all fairly rendered in at the
public treasury, and he enj iys the
reputation of economy and probity
in hi., dilfcurfemems, as well as of
purity of ambition
It may be truly aflerted that no
people in the world ever endured
more privations,fullered more hard
ships, or exhibited more p rfever
ance, in any caafs, than the Ame
ricans did in this contest for free
dom. The following table (li.ws
at one view the number of troops
employed each year during the war,
nominal and effective,together w ith
the annual payments for fupperting
them, in specie value:
Tt'ais. Effective. Pay.
1775 15.000 Dollars.
1770 25,0005 20.064 666
1777 26,000 24986646
1778 19,000 24.282.458
1779 18,000 10.794620
1780 I9 ; 000 3.000,000
1781 10,000 1,942 465
1782 11,000 3,652.745 |
1783 12,000 3,2:6 583 j
1784 518 525 j
* , 4s j
A.ld to this the debt in
curred of 42 7’ 8 009
And w * have an aggre
gate fptcie fun* or 1 55.193 697
To the preceding the militia < J
each Hate may be added. On an
average they am >unted to ahou*
half as many as tiie r.gu'ars : tin ir
pay was included m tin lift of rx
. pences whi ii Wr r - reduced in fund
’ ing the public debt. In addition to
this expence larg • bounties were
given by the States in lands and
’ money, nod depreciation was made
good. The annexed ftjtement ex
bibirs the amount paid by the dates
respectively
New H.unpfhire, 4278.015
Maffachukits, 17 064 61 3
Rhode Island, 2.782,074
C mnteti. ut, *9.285 737
New Y’ ■ k, 71 79 982
N w-Je : v, . 5,442 770
Pt-ntiiyivania, 14,1 37.076
D taw a 1, 3*9
‘Maryland, 7 5^18.145
Virginia, 19.085.081
N'irrh Carolina, 10,427 5^6
South-Carolina, 11525299
Georgia, 2.995 800
Total. Dollars , 114408.597
From thelc particulars, a tolera
bly accurate i lea may nc formtd of
the ‘ xpcticcs of the war for inde
pendence.
After the war. the articles of con
fedeia*icn and perpetual union wt re
found to be inadequate to all the
obj. cT of a pennaiient government;
and the qu- fii m being agitated a
inorig the ..iolt enlightened mm of
the nation, (in cmlequence of a
propofii'i :i fi ll made by Junes
iVi.iJifon in 1785) a conv ntion of
d.-l ates c'loft.-n by each Gate met
at Philadelphia i‘) the fummei of
1757 ; where anew constitution of
government wai fuggefled, and was
finally adopted. This conffituticn,
with fubfequrnt amendments, vj the
one u-der which we have now the
happiness to live. It feeures to the
pe pb every thing that is desirable
in human focicry. I.i hi rty of con
fcietice, freedom of speech and of
the press, and thtrial by jury, are
guaranteed bv ir. All legislative
power is \ (fed >n Conj*refs, which
confiits fa Senate and House of
Rt-prefentanv'-!-: The Senate is
coin poled ol two members from
each Rate, each of whom is entitled
to hold his feat lor fix years; but
by a clailificatirn a: the firft infii
fution of this b dy, one third of
the members go “out every two
years, so that it is renewed every fix
years, although cs a body it is never
defun<sT Each Senator is entitled
to one vote, muff be thirty y.-ars
old, have been nine years a citizen
of the United Starts, and muff b<
an inhabitant of the if.de for which
he is clicfen when elutU J. The
Vice President < f tlie. United Slates
j is President of .he S. n 10, l>t>.t has.
j no vote except cr. an equal division
J The Senate may rho -sea Vic* P<
fident pro tempore In case •! h-.- a*
j fence rr <9 ath cf “he Vic j Tred-
[Taj aide Itctj yearly.
[| Number 696.
dent, or of his serving as Prt-fi ent
of the United States ; as aifo ir*
S.-cretary and other neceflary offi
cers ihe Senate have the foie
power of trying impeachments, and
ikeuiie a power of approving or
iijeCting treaties and nomination*
to certain offices made by the Pre
hdern. Ihe House of RpreUnta
uvts confiils of members eh ten
every tw-. years, agiccably to a ra
rio of numbers cal'-ulaied up> n a
cenlus of population taken at me
end of every ten years. No pt rloa
can be a Reprefenta'ive unlels he is
twenty-five yeats of age. been Even
years a citizen of the United States,
and is an inhabitant of the Stat. for
which he is ete&ed at the timt of e
!e£bon. The number of Repi es. n
tatives cannot exceed one for every
thirty thoufar.d. Each member of
the H >ule has a vote. I his body
chooses its Speaker, Clerk, and sub
ordinate officers, has the exrlufivc
power of miginating money bills,
and fevi-ral other peculiar powers.
Cungrels is authorifed to lay and
cuJi ct taxts, laiie and lupport ar
nie> and a navy, declare war, reg
ulate commerce, coin money, &c.
Evi ry bill, before it becomes a law,
mult be patented to tfn- Pr. fident
of the United hiatus I* >r fieri ;•* ;
if he approv's, he signs r; i l<
disapproves of it, he fends ir back
with Ins objections; and ur.ltf’s it ia
rtpafTed by two thirds of both hou
ses of Cong refs it does not become
a law : but the President mu ft re
turn it within ten days, (Sundays
except J,) otherwise it becomes *
law. The Senate and Reprr fenta
tivc’ have a p. cuniary per diem al
h w;;nce for ih ir krvices The
Pi. fident oi the United States is the*
chiei executive ofneer of the gov
ernment, and he is ele&ed, as well
as the Vice I'refident, for four ve ir*
by t lectors c'iofen by the people r
Icgiflaiyres of the Rates. The num
ber of fliefe electors is, for inch
Rate, equal to the rumber of R p
refentatives and Senators of tht date
in Cong refs. The luhjointd tabla
exhibits the number to which each
Rate will be entitled for the current
Itn years, the ratio cf representa
tion being 35,000.
No es representatives. No. es electors .
Ncw-Yoik, ?7 29
Virginia, 23 25
Pennfyivania, 23 25
Massachusetts, 20 22
North Carolina, 13 15
Kentucky, 10 is
Maryland, 9 11
South-Carolina, 9 11
Connecticut, 7 9
Ni \v-M:tmpfhire,‘ 6 8
Vermont, • 8
N:*w Jersey, 6 8
TenntfiVe, 6 8 *
G orgta, 6 8
( ),nio, 6 P
Rhode Island, 2 4
Delaware, z 4
Louisiana, 1 3
IS2 218
Til- ck -ftor.: are obliged to ri..fcg
-1 .it’ t’ n•!< t- v red for ns IV fi.
r... V. - F.* d'.eprr*