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arborescence above ; so is the Organic Life of Man
the ruditnental correspondence of the sensitive and
affective life-tree, -which has its roots anchored deep
down within the soul.
It is, therefore, obvious that Plato and Pythago
ras were both right in supposing that Man was a
Diapason, made up out of a diatesseron, or soul,
and a diapante, or body. He is a Micro-Uranian
harmony, made up out ot all the micro-cosmiau
harmonies—a harp of a thousand strings, which
when stricken by the hands of the angels, make
such music as doth “please the ear of God.”
lie . _TirT__:--".~3ZTg
Cnnßji imhm.
LIiTTtU from C’OJLUITIBUS.
Columbus, July 19th, 1850.
Dear Doctor :—Tho friends of the Union, the lovers of
libertv, law and order, held a meeting here yesterday, and
proclaimed their sentiments in the very face of the Disunion
ists. and vnrabile dictu, the privateers did not dare to hang
or scalp a single freeman. The meeting was composed of
reflecting sensible men. The speakers addressed their rea
son and their judgement, tiot their passions and prejudices.
It would have enlivened your soul, when, in the interval be
tween the speeches our National song, “The Star spangled
Banner,” was sung spirituoso. To liave heard five hundred
men, past the middle ago of life, with patriotic tears dancing
In their eyes, join in the chorus, and with voices that came
from the heart, shout “We put our trust in God.” The ef
fect can be imagined, but not described. It was superior to
an army with banners. The Disunionists wailed and gnashed
their teeth, and betrayed strong symptoms of fight, but from
some unknown cause, that plentiful commodity, courage, was
not at the sticking point, where it will be, when the Nash
ville ultimatum can never be obtained—time alone will show.
The plan for party organization adopted here, is very peculiar;
with the Disunionists, it amounts to a domestic non-inter
course. They will not eat Northern flour or fish. They
have sent to South Carolina for large cargoes of rough Rice
and red-finned Pikes.—These articles of food after a learned
analysis, have been Ascertained to be the best nutriment for
Quattlebum-chivalry. Experience teaches also, that when
taken in any quantities, it only produces an overbearing, proud,
haughty conduct towards all men of sense, with a disposi
tion to shed their blood, when at a distance. This domineer
ing disposition has never failed to be quelled by something
like Jackson’s proclamation, with a slight tincture of the
Force bill. The foregoing comprises only one class of the
Disunionists. Another class may be termed Commercial.—
This class, not being able to compete with their neighbors
in fair business transactions, vows it will not deal with those
who are so independent as to liave an opinion of their own.
By this course the dealer appropriates to himself, a monopoly,
In the trade of inexperienced saplieads, who are fast spend
ing a patrimony not earned by their own skill or industry.
The dealer thus lays and collects a living per cent on the ig
norance and prejudice of his customers, belches forth all his
steam in favor of Southern rights, pockets the cash, takes liis
family, and in one day less than the world was created, is
seated in the North, with his lips scaled about Southern
wrong, revelling in the luxuries of the climate and season,
paid for by the ignorance of his monopolized customers.
Another class, believe they are made of purer and better
clay, than those who are doomed to labor, and eat bread in
tho sweat of their brow. This class desire tear, so they may
all be epauletted, and boast of an alliance with the British to
maintain them.—Stars, garters, and titles of Nobility, are to
be their rewards.—Duke and Duchess, Count and Countess,
with pure, noble, family blood, forever, are brilliant visions in
theirt depraved imaginations. Disunion, war, downfall of
’ Fiber V, must be the inevitable results of tlie present agita
tion. Reason with the people and keep it before them and
tb *>j —a* Avert it. A MERIC ns
LETTER from ATLANTA.
Atlanta, July 23d, 1850.
Dear Doctor : —The great “Snake Nation” eases were
all disposed of last week. I learn that some fifteen of the cit
izens were found guilty, and tliat they were required to va
eate within a specified time. Several of their neighbors took
the hint and forthwith vamoosed , and I understand that the
Marshal commenced the duty yesterday afternoon of unliou
aing the remainder. The Council deserve much praise for
their patient hearing of these eases, and summary proceedings
ordered against the offenders ; and it is to bo hoped that the
Marshal will perform his duty in the premises without “fear,
favor or affection.” The trials occupied the entire week, du
ring which several rich scenes occurred, which, if I could di
vest them of their peculiar odor, should be laid before your
readers. But that is out of the question. There were like
wise, some of a revolting character ; and none more so than
to see and hear married men—grey-headed sires of virtuous
children—questioned and cross-questioned with regard to
their familiarity with these wantons. Wliat an example this
for the rising generation. These old rakes seem to have for
gotten (if iudeed, they ever knew) that
“in the morn and liquid dew of youth
Contagious blastinents are most imminent.”
A meeting was convened at the Council Chamber on Sat
urday evening last, for the purpose of making suitable arrange
ments for giving expression to the deep feeling of grief expe
rienced by all classes of the community, in the death of the
late President of the Republic, Gen. Zachary Taylor. A
string of resolutions (which I did not hear read) were adopt
ed ;Jaftcr which, John L. Harris, Esq., responded to calls
from various parts of the Hall, in a brief but brilliant speech,
eulogistic of the lamented diad. I understand that the whole
duty of making the arrangements for carrying into effect the
wishes of the community, was confided to three citizens;
and that, when they shall liave perfected their arrangements,
and agreed upon a day, the Mayor is acthorised to issue his
proclamation, requesting the closing of all places of business
and inviting the people generally to unite with us in paying
due respect to the mournful occasion. Thus far, very well.—
But, like most other things which are undertaken here, in
which the same busy individual has a hand, the proceedings
of the meeting had a most ridiculous /male. Previous to ad
journment, and, in fact, almost before the echoes of the tal
cutod young eulogist's voice liad died away, the individual
who liad been honored with the chairmanship of the big
Committee, arose and deliberately and solemnly introduced
the everlasting subject of riauk Roads ’ In an instant, there
was a rush from the Hall, and the crowd dispersed as fast as
they could, thus showing their utter disgust of the man, and
his nauseous compound. I shall not be surprised if this indi
vidual makes it a sine qua non with the Orator to be chosen
by him, that a part of the Funeral Oration shall be devoted
to the advocacy of Plank Roads !
A visit, a few days since, to the Steam Flouring Mill erect
ed in this city, has impressed me very favorably with all its ar
rangements. The machinery is all up, and, I believe, per
orms to the entire satisfaction of.thosc most intimately inter
ested. I learn that the Mill will be put in operation in a few
days, when I will endeavor to procure for your inspection a
sample of the flour made by it. I sincerely trust that the pro
prietors may be richly compensated for their princely outlay,
in the erection and furnishing of this magnificent building.
One day last Week, while the Georgia Railroad Freight
train was in transit over the Aleova bridge, near Social Circle,
a portion of it gave way, and let one car through. Fortu
nately, the engine and part of the train had reached the op
posite bank; consequently, the damage was but slight. I
have heard of no other accident on cither road since my last.
The passenger trains liave all run with remarkable regularity,
aud with full cars.
A certain M(aster) D(rinkor) named Star, who professes
Phrenology, Ac., has so annoyed our people, for several
weeks past, with his oligies and isms, that it was determined
to treat him to a free ride out of Town on a single rail ! Ac
cordingly, a party was organized (report says, by a brother
typo of yours,) and despatched to “Snake Nation” in quest
®f him. But the M. D. having got wind of what was going
on, made himself scarce ; and the valiant “Greasers” return
ed without a single laurel. This is much to be regretted, in
asmuch as a.i hundred persons or more, (some of them ex
cessively pious fathers,) who had accidentally assembled in
the neighborhood to see the fun, were most cgregiously dis
appointed !
The health of our city continues remarkably good. The
weatlier is rather warm, though we have delightfully pleas
ant nights. Yours truly, G ABRIEL.
LETTER from COIILIWBIJS.
Columbus, July 21, 1850.
Doctor :—As Shakespeare would say, if he was in town,
“ Columbus is itself again,” and if you could have been with
us for the last week, you would liave thought so. The Dis
unionists and Free Soilers have been kicking up big shows
—shows superior to Sergeant BeH’s, where all sorts of strange
sights and sounds could be seen and heard. Like the Ser
geant’s, the farcical performances were well calculated to
please the juveniles, for which the willing pennies were
showered in abundance upon the old soldier. The old fel
low’s biographer has neglected to inform posterity, whether
any of his audience, at any time of the panorama, regretting
the investment they had made with time and money, left in
disgust. Therefore, as no mention is made of such “ acts of
indecency” having been committed, we are necessarily com
pelled to believe that they never occurred. The meeting
called by the 36,30’5, or fights, on last Tuesday, was well at
tended and to order and decorum the strictest regards were
paid. Every thing passed off as pleasantly as possible, con
sidering the unsoundness of the grounds which they occupied,
and the excessive heat of the sun—either, or both, in our hum
ble opinion, being objectionable, and if we were compelled to
choose of the"“ two evils” give us the lesser, and we ask no
questions. 1 will not trouble you with a report of the pro
ceedings, as you have doubtless seen them before now, and
morever being “ rather timid” by nature, I dislike to dwell on
topics where such terrible words as “ bloody war.” “ Death
to the knife.” “ War into Africa.” “ Whole Hog,” &c.,
are mentioned, as they were on the occasion of this meeting.
They adjourned till after tea, and met again in Concert Hall,
where a few more speeches were delivered mostly by gentle
men from Alabama, a fellow by the name of Pugh , whom
report says is the only whig that Parson Hilliard ever mauled,
first addressed the meeting which was composed of a goodly
number of men, but a “ powerful small chance of ladies.”
The gentleman lias the reputation of being a talented man,
and an elegant orator, and if he desires the “ false impression”
to remain good in the minds of our citizens, wc would adviso
him to visit us only at long intervals, and then to “ speak only
when spoken to.” He advanced no arguments of his own,
but undertook to say a great deal, which undertakings when
formed by the hallucination of the brain most generally ex
plode in gas—doing nobody harm, and their friends no injury.
The next speaker introduced was Ingliram, of Harris, who is
Major-General, Captain, Colonel or Esquire, we don’t know
which, and our ignorance of his title, wo hope, is excuse
sufficient for not giving him his due. The gentleman possesses
some ability, which if directed in the proper channel “ might
possibly on a stretch” result in some benefit; and we were
pleased to see a man whom “fortune has frowned upon,”
blessed with an intellect, over-balancing his “outward appear
ance”—the latter being 36, 30, under middling-fair, and the
market wavering with a downward tendency. John Jose,
Mous. Napoleon Bonaparte, Gill Shorter, of Eufaula, was
then escorted to the stand, and presented by Major
11. to the audience. His address was short, considering
he came so long a distance to deliver it, “breathed fire and
blood”—so much so that a little fellow sitting near me became
very sheered, and only remained, by my pro mising to protect
him. If no other business but to “ skeer the children”
brought him to Columbus, he can, I am sure,find better em
ployment in his “ attorney hole” in Dog Town ; and when the
“ British come over to help us whip the yankecs,” we hope
he will get the prosecuting of Tory claims for “ pigs and chick
ens” destroyed by the red coat army, or any other dirty busi
ness that may follow the war. But we drop him—being
satisfied his speech, for one of his years, was but poor indeed.
Before the conclusion of his remarks, we left, not wishing to
hear him longer on the British subject, but more of this anon.
The friends of the Union, or as their opponents call them,
Free Soilers, had quite a large and enthusiastic meeting on
the Thursday following. They were addressed by James
Johnson, Col. Holt and Hon. J. E. Belser, of Alabama, in
the morning, and by Maj. Morton and others in tlie evening.
’Twas thought by all that tho programme of the day would
be carried out without interruption, and that general satisfac
lacnou oriven to every one like the Tuesday pre
vious, but m this they were uoomea to be disappointed The
excitement had reach “ boiling he,-> Maj Morton
rose, and during his speech was interrupted and sit u., *. ...
a gentleman in the crowd. I could not, for the life of me,
divine how men of sense, talent and standing, would allow
their angry passions to gain the ascendency, most especially
in the presence of so large an audience, composed of ladies
and gentlemen. The feeling exhibited on the occasion, re
minded me of a little story, that I remember reading when a
school boy, and ’twas to this effect: A merchant, a very re
spectable man, had three little sons—all very clever little
boys, and promising children. The eldest, whose name was
Ilotty, was thought to be the cleverest of them all, being
diligent, kind, candid and generous; but yet one great fault
remained, Ilotty was by nature a warm and passionate youth,
and when his passions rose he had not acquired the art to let
reason subdue them. He always wanted things conducted
to suit his taste, whether right or wrong, and would be mad
at those who differed with him. Sometimes at school his
lessons were long, requiring industry and practice to commit
them to memory, but instead of reasoning, would give vent
to rage, and throw his book down oti the floor. When the
other boys in school had lost a marble or top, they would
search for the missing top, or would bear their loss becoming
ly ; but Ilotty Pepper would render himself ridiculous by
stamping with passion or crying. He believed that others
possessed the power of ruling the weather, and when the
falling shower prevented him from going out, he was most
highly excited. This feeling in Ilotty Pepper was a great
source of merriment to the servants, and tlie louder he cried,
the louder they laughed,
And then, when old and strong enough
To take his place at school,
VVhen’er his passion he betrayed,
His playmates called him fool,
And played him many artful tricks
His passion to provoke;
At which their laughter and their jests,
Their ridicule bespoke.
Such things occurred to Ilotty Pepper so frequently that
ho made up his mind to amend his ways and gain a better
name, which he accordingly did, and this is the last of little
Ilotty Peppar, and the last from UNCLE TOBY.
LETTER from CHEROKEE.
Catoosa Springs, Murray County, July 16th, 1850.
Dear Doctor : —As I promised to write you on my arri
val here, I embrace the first opportunity to drop you a line,
“as the man said to the little fishes,” and give you a hasty
account of my journey here, also my impressions of this great
place that is to be. I left Macon by cars at 8 o’clock, A. M.
nothing happening of interest, ’til my arrival at Griffin, at
half pastil. There dinner was announced ! Yes, Doctor,
only think of a fashionable man being called on to take dinner
at that hour ! It was something new to me, to dine at lunch
hour.—Pursued my journey to Atlanta, arriving there at half
past 3, where I was compelled to remain only sixteen and a
half hours, and to be tortured and phlebotomised by the bed
bugs at the Atlanta Hotel. Slept but little, owing to this an
noyance, but I must do Dr. Thompson the justice to speak
of his tabic. It was very clean and nice, and his coffee was
excellent. As for the bugs, this is accounted for, by his being
without a wife to see to the apartments. This is poor con
solation however, for travellers who have to suffer. At 8 o’-
clock, A. M. next day, took the State Railroad Cars for Ram
sey’s Depot, at 12, dined at Kingston, and bad an excellent
dinner, although, the Hotel did not look very inviting.
Passed through the Tunnel at 3 o’clock, which was as dark as
Egypt, and quite cool. Arrived at Ramsey’s Depot at half
past 3, where I found conveyances in waiting for passengers for
the Springs, distance about two miles. (
The Springs are in a valley and number over fifty, and you
can have any kind of water you wish. The Hotel is on an
eminence, about fifty yards from the Springs, with a twenty
foot piazza all around, three stories highland the dining-room
the whole length of the building, on the first story. There
are sixty rooms in the House, and when every thing is com
pleted, it will be a splendid Establishment. The Proprietors,
Messrs. McDonald, Huchinson & Batley, are determined to
make it a place of pleasant resort, if comforts, such as, a good
table, clean beds, a band of music, attentive servants, amuse
ment of all kinds, &c, &c, can make it so ; sparing no ex
pense, having already, I have been informed, expenped $30,-
000 and intend to expend $20,000 more. I mus t not neglect
to mention, that the table is equAl to the first class Hotels in
its appointments, such as silver forks, napkins, &c. You
will have to come up and see for yourself, as I am satisfied
that I cannot do justice to the task I have undertaken.
There are forty persons here, now, and when every thing is
completed, they can accommodate 350. I will write you a
fII ®®©rn ©1 A, ■6lfl 1$ M o
gain, and post you up more fully. Hoping you may recover
from the blackguard attack of the “Republic,” I am,
Yours Truly DINKS.
LETTER from COLIMBIS.
Columbus, July 20th 1850.
Dear Sir :—The meeting of the Fire Eaters and Disun
ionists came off here on Tuesday the 16th inst. and which
was gotten up in advance, for the purpose of fixing the senti
ments of the working classes. They thought to make it a
one-sided affair. The meeting was well attended. The poor
old man was in the Chair, and it was well, perhaps, for it
will be remembered that he has lately taken to wife one of
the fair daughters of “Quattlebum,” alias, that petty Mon
archy, “South Carolina.” She, of course, could never sub
mit to have her “Chivalry” unrepresented in sentiment.—
The Senator of these parts was in partnership. There were
several incendiary speeches, and in the absence of His most
Christian Majesty, Judge J had to take his place. It
is strange that high Judicial functionary, aided by others
who want to be legislative, should take such positions, instead
of being the leaders, promoters and supporters of law, order
and the Constitutional powers. The reverse of all this ap
pears. Success would seem to be the only object, for other
wise, such low, false, degraded and dangerous means would
not be resorted to; but it is like unto the means used in 1844,
when it was asserted “that we annex Texas and then have
another land lottery.” There was present a group from the
Indian named village of Alabama, in the Indian meaning, the
“Lousy Dog town,” otherwise “Ephoe,” “Eufala,” who call
ed themselves delegates, consisting of some 15 or 20, eaoh of
them wishing to outvie the other in claims to office, from Ld.
John G. S. to high Sli’ff of the Kingdom, and even lower
rather than miss—the said Ld. John urging his cause, and
its support by the promised aid, support and consolation of the
“mother country,” alias “Great Britain,” to sustain their
beautiful nurseling, that she might, with more impunity, chas
tise her refractory children, with rods of iron and in chains.
Such measures, means and men, should be hissed at for all
times to oomc.
There was Porter I , a Porter from Connecticut, now
from Harris Cos. who was present in all his length, who
seemed to think the people of Harris did not know they had
rights and which they would never learn from that “pam
phlet, the Columbus Enquirer;” the said Porter was for fight.
If there was any in him he is long enough to divide. But it
is strange, friend, you should so feel, when you have a young
wife just in her teens, anti who must loose all if she loses her
negroes, which, loose she must, if you work out your prob
lems. Again, what is more strange, to see men who are
from the Yankee States, talking about severing the Union,
fighting, and going to the homes and hearts of their parents
to shed their blood; there are ties and feelings in Nature,
which, when surpassed, man becomes a brute, and we do
safely assert, that when we hear men talk so about shedding
the blood of their kindred for no just cause, there is such a
depravity of heart and lack of all tliat is natural, that they
are poor, very poor substitutes for us, the South, to rely upon
in the time of need. Contempt must meet every such a man
in the highway; frown on him and call him “Iscariot of the
Potters field.”
But there wasß . ,of Harris Cos. who has been a repre
sentative twice, the last time, in 1849; he was elected by 60
majority, whilst his colleague received 250. “What power he
has got! but he has found the place and time where he thinks
he can find revenge, and be satisfied with being a slave. He
says slavery must go to California, or he will die in tlie at
tempt—go it, Ramsey—and for this the Fire Eaters adopt
him; pat him on the back and cry hurrah, and wish they had
a thousand. Why not say one hundred thousand ? They
would do to stop lead. Old Jack honored him with an invite
to his palace, and he was complimented with a Handkerchief
from Miss, embroidered with roses, as an emblem of his no
bility and fidelity to tlie house of the white or red roses as
you please.
One of that tribe who was so void of all heart and feeling
as to persecute and crucify the best of all beings, Christ,
shown forth in his way. This said “Mordecai” wm a _ dele
gate from Florida to nominate — 3 “'to lately
neuycu, uu rsashville Convention as lU,UUu
Sea Serpents, who took the air and flop'd their tails together
and rained down flesh and blood in Sampson county, North
Carolina. He has emigrated from Florida to Georgia to en
lighten them upon their rights. Remember, your tribe would
never fight, but when their oppressed was tried; and you are
marked for the crime, by not being allowed the power to spit
over your chin. This crowd seemed to insinuate, by the way
of a scare, that they wobld drive all their opponents from the
town and country. Wc would suggest to them to join “Lo
pez,” and take Cuba and Hayti. By that time their wood
will be so exhausted that they cannot raise steam again.
On Thursday the 16th inst. the Union meeting was on
hand; the Barbecue was well fixed and the whole affair show
ed peace, a good^spirit and good order. There were many
ladies present, and a good and genuine moral lecture was de
livered by a very worthy and Reverend gentleman, without
mixing a word of polities in it. This state of things made
one feel that all was right and safe. As yet, eating was the
minor question of the day; all felt too intensely for the peace
and happiness of the country and the safety and preservation
of the Union. Judge II presided with dignity and de
corum over the meeting, and Mr. M made a speech for
peace and the Union, well adapted to the occasion and highly
commendatory to the speaker. Whilst in his speech he was
interrupted by Jew Moses, who had as well kept quiet about
the matter, for as every person says, it ill becomes a stranger
to be so conspicuous. The Alabama General dealt our
friend a blow, but did not hurt him. This was beyond all de
cency and will, in due time, meet its reward; lie may some
time wake up the wrong passenger. All went off harmoni
ously, with the exception of a move on the part of the “Fire
Eaters,” to have the resolutions of the meeting read and pas
sed separately, which was put down, by a determined mo
tion to have all read and passed at once, which was immedi
ately responded to and passed. It is well, for it saved life and
bloodshed. The people were determined not to be imposed
upon any longer by their measures and means.
At the conclusion, the Glee Club struck up with much
feeling the National air and Song of the “Star Spangled Ban
ner,” it brought forth great applause; when they came to the
last verse the request was made that the audience join in,
which they did. They seemed to be inspired with tho words,
and feelings of the occasion and the song—their feeling at
that time is beyond the power of description. The tears
rolled down the furrowed cheeks of the old man and matron
—the daughter and the son wept alike.. The poor forlorn
foreigners, afar off from home and friends, wept bitterly and
looked back in silence at his European chains, and exclaimed
in broken accents the words of the song, adding, “this was
and this is my last, my only hope of Literty;” and when it
came to the last two lines of the last verse, there seemed to
be but one voice and one feeling for—
“ The Star Spangled Banner, oh long may it wave,
O’er the land of the Free and the home of the Brave.”
it sounded like unto one great mighty voice from on high,
without a discord. The heart of all was filled to overflow
ing with its purest emotions, the sanctity of religion and the
last words of “Te Deum,” could not have produced a more
thrilling effect; this “was the time that tried men's souls,”
aud all was ready to have shed their last drop of blood for
the most trifling insult offered to the Stars and Stripes of the
Union. There was present an “honest tar,” whose whole
soul was carried away by the song; his heart wept tears, not
of sorrow but of joy; he said those stripes shall never be torn
into shreds, nor those stars blotted out from the Union, the
only pride of his heart and beloved of his life, and oft, when
far away in a foreign land, he could look on it and say my
only friend, my freedom land! It was always joy to him to
see it unfurled, and never Sunday but when it was—destroy
it, and what would our noble ships do for a Flag that could
boast so much? We will never strike it—never give it up,
raaeh less part with it.
It is readily perceived, all over the country, that the Nasli
viile Convention and its proposed ratification meetings, have
done their all, and arc highly disapproved of. The current of
public opinion is reversed; there has not Leennoris there any
omens followed; no lioness whelped in the streets; no graves
have yawned and yielded up their dead; no 4 fieroe fifcry war
riors fight upon the clouds, in ranks and squadrons and right
form of war, which drizzled blood upon the Capitol; no noise
of battle hustled in the air, nor horses neigh, nor dying men
groaned, nor ghosts shriek and squeal about the streets, nor
the sun ceased to rise and set, nor the planets cease to occu
py their orbits, nor is the Union dissolved. Cease, then, “with
a monarch’s voice to cry havoek and let slip the dogs of war.”
The “Fire Eaters’’here have split upon one question, and
that is, whether their St. James shall be on Ingersoll’s hill or
>n Wynton’s. Yours, respectfully,
LOOKER ON.
(Sforgift Citizen.
L. F. W. ANDREWS, Editor.
~ MACON^
• The Editor’s Absence.
The absence of the Editor for several days past, must be
his apology for the lack of his usual Editorial variety iu the
present issue. Tlie same cause has Operated to postpone
replies to much correspondence on his table.
%* A letter from Washington, and other Correspondence,
received too late to be inserted in this issue.
Macon Mechanic’s Society.
At a regular meeting of the Society, on Saturday evening
last, the following officers were elected for the ensuing six
months:
Charles P. Levy, President.
Charles G. Douglas, lsf Vice President.
Mathew 11. Swinden, 2nd Vice President.
David Toucey, Secretary.
A. F. Sherwood, Treasurer.
LIBRARY COMMITTEE.
L. F. W. Andrews, Chairman <J- Librarian.
W. C. Wilson.
George W. Talmage.
S. T. Chapman.
James H. Nisbet.
The Society is making every effort to form a rcspectaplc
and extensive Library, and have succeeded in raising the a
moant of eight hundred and seventy-seven dollars, which will
probably be increased to a much larger amount. Tlie utility
of the object will address itself te the common sense of eve
ry good citizen, and should receive their support. There are
many who may liave books to spare of a rare or valuable char
acter, more conveniently than money. These would be no
less welcome than the cash, and gladly accepted. —Journal
Messenger.
Telegraphed for the Savannah Georgian.
Washington, July 20.
Latest and most acurate Report of the For
• motion of the Cabinet.
Mr. Webster, of Massachusetts, Secretary of State.
Mr. Corwin, of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury.
Mr. Pearce, of Maryland, Secretary of the Interior.
Mr. Graham, of North Carolina, Secretary of the Navy.
Mr. Bates, of Missouri, Secretary of War.
Mr. Nathan K. Hall, of New York, Post Master General.
Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky, Attorney General.
Mr. Webster’s nomination was unanimously and instantly
confirmed.
SECOND DESPATCH.
Washington, July 21.
All the Cabinet appointments noted in my despatch to you
yesterday have been confirmed.
E WEF® L.iwn* ac-KKAM- V7vnADK>.
ARRIVAL OF THE
AMERICA, AT HALIFAX*
FURTHER ADVANCE IN COTTON,
WITH LARGE SALES.
Satisfactory accounts from the Manufacturing
Districts.
Favorable reports from India and China.
Great excitement in Portugal on account of the
appearance of an American Fleet in the Tagus.
DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PEEL.
New York, July 19th.
The steamship America arrived at Halifax on the 17th
inst. with seveqj days later dates.
Her accounts are from Liverpool to the 6th and Havre to
the 4th inst.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET.
Cotton has advanced l-Bd. per pound on all descriptions
above inferior. Tlie week’s sales amounted to 60,000 bales,
of which speculators took 17,000, and exporters 6,000 bales.
COMMERCIAL NEWS.
The commercial intelligence from India and China is satis
factory.
MANCHESTER MARKETS.
Accounts from the Manufacturing Districts represent an
increased trade for manufactured goods.
LONDON MONEY MARKET.
The Money Market was easy. Consols had fluctuated
from 96 1-4 on Tuesday to 97.
HAVRE MARKET.
The Havre Market was quiet at the arrival of the Ameri
ca, but her accounts from this country caused an improved
feeling and sales of 3000 bales took place on the day her news
reached the city at full price.
GREAT EXCITEMENT AT LISBON.
The greatest excitement prevailed at Lisbon, owing to the
arrival of an American squadron in the Tagus, for the pur
pose of enforcing the claims of the United States Citizens
against the Government of Portugal, amounting to seventy
thousand dollars. Twenty-one days were allowed by the A
merican commander for a final reply. Fears were entertain
ed that the Portuguese Government would refuse to comply
with our demands, as they had determined to resist them.
RUSSIA AND DENMARK.
The Schleswig difficulty between Russia and Denmark
has been satisfactorily adjusted.
FATAL ACCIDENT TO SIR ROBERT PEEL.
Sir Robert Peel was thrown from his horse on the 28tli
June and almost instantly killed.
Advice Gratis, No. 1*
“Let not the Citizen mistake itself, and harbor for one mo
ment the thought, that the people of Georgia are in favor of
the Clay Compromise. We will venture to say, that the
meeting called will repudiate this favorite scheme of his.”—
Ringgold Republican.
Thus speaks a liitle echo of disunion, up in Ringgold, Ga.
in reference to the Union meeting held in this city, on the 6th
inst. He has, by this time, discovered, perhaps, that his
‘ venture to say,” didn’t amount to a true prophecy, even in
a name.
Advice Gratis, No. 2.
“Wc would suggest to the proprietors of those prints in
Georgia, who are 00-operating with the free-soilers, by their
hostility to the address aud the patriotic resolutions adopted at
Nashville, to remove their establishments into a free State—in
to, their own peculiar latitude. A wider field would there be
presented than that of Georgia, for the dissemination of their
free-soil notions.”— Ringgold Republican.
We don’t know ofany/rre soil presses in Georgia who are
engaged in disseminating/ree soil notions, save the disunion
gentry who are willing to give up 5 1-2 degrees of New Mexi
co to the Free Soilers, without their asking for it! This folly
is not chargeable upon Clay's Compromise but is clearly part
and parcel of the plan of the Nashville Conventionists. If
however, as we suppose, the Republican’s suggestion is direct
ed towards the opponents of the unauthorized Nashville Con
vention, we “venture to say” that should his advice be taken,
the remainder of the Georgia Press would present a beggarly
account of emptiness and vanity that would be without a par
allel in the history of newspaperdom.
(jy Mr. James, the English Novelist, is on a visit to
Washington Irving, at Sunny Side, near Tarry town, N. Y. ,
Hon. 0. A. P. Nicholson, v*. the Nashville
Convention.
Mr. Nicholson, of Tennessee, the same gentleman to
whom Gen. Cass addressed the famous letter, called the
“ Nicholson Letter*’ during the last canvass for the Presi
dency, was a member of the Nashville Convention, and one
of the dissentients to the argument of the Address put
forth by that body. Mr. N. goes into the merits of the sub
ject, with ungloved hands, and clearly shows the unsouud
ness of the policy advocated by the Convention, and especially
the unsoundness of the reasons set forth in the address
against the adjustment Bills of the Committee of Thirteen.
We regret our inability to present to our readers the whole
of this able document, and must, therefore, content ourselves
with the following remarks, respecting the right of California
to oome in as a State, and on the inexpediency, on the part
of the Nashville Convention, of denouncing the Adjustment
Bills before the Senate. On the first subject, Mr. Nicholson
thus speaks:
“ But in the second place, the argument is, that for Congress
to recognize the constitution and ratify it by her admission as
a State, is the same thing as if Congress had originally
passed an act adopting and enforcing the Wilmot Proviso.
This conclusion is but the sequent to the first proposition,
and if that lias fallen, this necessarily falls with it. All will
concede that if the people of California had been under a
territorial government they could rightly have formed a
constitution containing the Wilmot Proviso and have properly
sought admission into the Union. In that case her constitu
tion with its Wilmot Proviso would be invalid until Congress
breathed life into it by admitting her into the Union. Would
the author of the address stigmatise that as the enforcement
of the Wilmot Proviso by the legislation of Congress? I
suppose he would readily answer in the negative. In what
consists the difference between that case and her present ap
plication. Congress refused to give the people territorial
government, and for their own preservation and protection
they formed a voluntary government for themselves. In
order to secure an admission into the Union, they formed a
republican constitution, and to make their admission more
certain they inserted into it the Wilmot Proviso. Until she
is admitted by Congress, her constitution is invalid. If Con
gress admits her, whose Proviso is it ? That of the Cali
fornians, or that of Congress ? This depends upon the ques
tion whether the Californians were a people possessing the
capacity to erect a government for their own preservation and
protection. The adoption by the inhabitants of a constitu
tion is the most solemn form of declaring their intention to
remain there as permanent citizens, and I know of no prin
ciple which would require of Congress to look behind this
declaration to ascertain whether it was their real purpose to
be permanent citizens or merely temporary sojourners in the
country. In this respect I think we are bound to regard
them as a people. But what right and powers as a people
could they exercise ? They were entitled to the protection of
such government as Congress could give them. But Con
gress would give them none. What then was to be done ?
They were entitled to some rule of government, and upon
the eternal principle of self-government they had an inherent
right to erect for themselves just such a system of govern
ment as their necessity demanded, but not such a govern
ment as would assume exclusive jurisdiction over the soil, or
as would interfere with the rights of property vested in the
people of the States, to all of whom the soil belonged. They
could not prohibit others from coming to the territory with
their property nor interfere with its enjoyment when there.
They could exercise no powers inconsistent with those which
Congress could exercise, and therefore they could neither ex
clude slave-owning emigrants nor abolish the relation of
master and slave. But they could erect a government to
protect their own persons and their own property, and to
this extent and with these qualifications deny to them the
rights of self-government, would be to deny the fundamental
principle of freedom. When they agree upon a constitution,
and seek admission into the Union, Congress can admit them
or not, and if they are .admitted they come in with their own
constitution, and if that constitution contains the Wilmot
Proviso, it is their own Proviso, and not the Proviso of Con
gress. I conclude, therefore, that the reasoning of the ad
dress is unsatisfactory and its conclusions untenable.”
“ T f J *“ **■ hv the fact that the address
expresses a willingness to acquiesce in the admission ot Cali
fornia if ner southern boundary is limited to the parallel of
36 deg. 30 min. If it be unconstitutional to admit the whole
of California because the framers of the constitution are not
a people, I am unable to see how it becomes constitutional to
admit only a portion qf California. If the adoption by Con
gress of the California constitution with the Wihnot Proviso
be the enforcement of the Wilmot Proviso by Congress, I
cannot understand why the admission down to 36, 30, with a
constitution containing the Wihnot Proviso is not equally an
enforcement bv Congress of the Wilmot Proviso. If lain
told that it is only as a compromise that it is proposed to ad
mit California with the Missouri line as a boundary, I answer
that this is piling up constitutional concessions in a way to
make the impression that we use our constitutional position
with exceeding looseness. We claim a constitutional right to
much more of the territory than that south of 36 30—we
propose to surrender a large portion of that right. We assert
that Congress has no constitutional right to exclude slaverv in
any territory—we propose to surrender that in the territory
north of 36, 30. We assert that Congress has constitutional
right to admit California because her inhabitants are not a
people, and we propose to surrender that! I cannot ac
quiesce in an argument which in my view weakens rather
than strengthens our cause. The objections to the admission
of California are so abundant and so overwhelming, on the
score of expediency, that Congress should be justified in any
means short of absolute faction in excluding her. But when
all these impregnable grounds are overlooked, and her ex
clusion is attempted to be justified on constitutional grouuds
which cannot be clearly sustained, I am bound to dissent
from the argument. With these views, I voted in committee
on the substitute afterwards offered in conveution by Mr.
Mcßea, of Miss.”
On the subject of the reasoning of the Address on the
Clay Compromise Hill, Mr. Nicholson expresses his views in
tho following lucid manner :
“It will be observed that although the author of the ad •
dress undertakes a discussion of the matters embraced in the
compromise report, yet he has strangely omitted any allusion
to that portion of the compromise which provides territorial
governments of New Mexico and Utah, upon the principle of
non-intervention as to slavery. If the argument was intend
ed to be full and lair why was this important matter entirely
overlooked ? The South has been contending strenuously for
years for the doctrine of non-intervention as the only con
stitutional doctrine. Upon this point the great battle has
been wagiug between the North and the South, and its vio
lence lias been such as to shake the very foundations of the
government. But when a measure is brought forward con
taining an express recognition of the non-intervention prin
ciple, an address from a Southern Convention proposing to
discuss it, makes no mention of the important concession !
If the author of the address had directed his attention to
this feature of the compromise bill, he would have discovered
the true reason why the abolitionists are opposed to It. This
omission, in my view, stamps the argument as incomplete and
one-sided.”
44 1 have stated that in my judgment it was bad policy to
introduce into the convention, any discussion as to the merits
of plans of compromise pending in Congress. Having been
overruled in this opinion by the determination of the commit
tee to recommend the acceptance of the Missouri Compromise
line, I then insisted that w r e should also express our willing
ness to acquiesce in the plan of adjustment proposed by the
Committee of Thirteen with such modifications as might be
satisfactory to our Southern friends in Congress. I made this
proposition because I did not desire this convention to have
the appearance of making war upon a measure which was
brought forward and sustained by as true friends as the South
can boast •, and because I could not see so wide a difference
betwixt the two plans of adjustment as to justify us in recom
mending the one and rudely rejecting the other. To this last
point I deem it proper now to address a few words. What is
the real difference between the two plans of adjustment?
The answer to this question brings us to the consideration of
a practical subject.
’ 1. As to the Texas disputed territory; in the view of the
compact between the United States and Texas taken by the
address, the result as to the slaver}’ question will be the same
under both plans. But to avoid any doubt on this point, I
have so suggested that the.bill should be so amended as to
recognize the continuance of the Missouri Compromise line,
this being done the two plans wjl! be identically the same in
their ope ration r
2. As to Utah and New Mexico—the Missouri Compro
mise will divide the territory, making all north of 36 deg. 30
min. free soil, and all south of that line either free soil or
slave territory as the inhabitants choose—in other words, it is
congressional intervention on one side of the line and con
gressional non-intervention on the other side. By the plan
proposed by the Committee of Thirteen, the whole of Utah
and New Mexico are to be open to become free soil ot slave
territory as the inhabitants may decide when they seek ad
mission into the Union—in other words, it is non-intervention
in the whole territory. The first plan applies the Wilmot
proviso north 36 deg. 30 min.; the other excludes the Wilmot
proviso from the whole territory. If it be said that the Mexi
can laws will exclude slavery from the territory, the answer
is, that under either plan the Mexican laws will be the samo,
and under either the question of their existence must be de
termined by the Supreme Court.
3. As to the admission of California—by the Missonrl
compromise all of California north of 36,30 will be admitted
as a State with her present constitution, and all south of that
line will be erected into a territorial government without any
prohibition as to slavery. By the other plan, California, with
her present boundaries and constitution will be admitted.
As to the surrender of all objections toiler admission whether
based on constitutional grounds or mere grounds of exped
iency the two plans are the same. The only substantial
difference is that one plan makes one free State of the terri
tory north of 36 30, and leave the territory south of the line
under a territorial government, whilst the other makes one
free State of the whole territory. Looking at the subject in
a practical point of view, what difference does it make to the
south whether the whole territory’ is admitted as one free
State or a part admitted as a free State and the residue left
for future admission as a State. If we could now know that
the residue would soon be admitted as a free State, the south
would be benefitted by admitting the whole at once as one
State, because this course would add but one free State,
whereas the other would add two. It must be borne in mind
that the harbor of San Francisco and the gold mines are
north of 36, 30, and would be embraced in the State admitted
under the Missouri line. It is a controverted fact whether
there is any considerable quantity of gold south of that Lae,
and it is well known tliat there are no harbors comparing in
importance with that of San Francisco. What then are the
probabilities as to the introduction of slavery, south of the
line of 36, 30. I think the prevailing sentiment is that
whilst slavery might be introduced north of the line on ac
count of its value in mining operations, that south of the
line it will not prevail. What then Would be gained by the
Missouri line applied to California ? Unless my information
is incorrect the north will get two free States instead of one 1
What then is the difference between the two compromises
—as to the Texas dispute they arc the same; as to New
Mexico and Utah the plan of the committee of thirteen
secures the non-interventiou by Congress, and on that ac
count is preferable to the other plan ; and as to the admissien
of California it is a matter of doubt which plan is the better
one for the south. With such views of the two plans I was
unwilling to recommend one and denounco the other.'’
A just Rebuke.
The Editor of the Athens Banner, perhaps the a blent De
mocratic paper in Georgia, touches some of his cotemporaries
on the rate after the following manner :
“Gen. Cans and his friends deserve the gratitude and ad
miration of every Southern man for the noble manner m
which they have fought down the Wilmot Proviso. Tins was
all that was required of them by our democratic brethren of
the Times, Constitutionalist. Federal Union, Ac. Yet they
must now impose anew and before unheard of test upon their
northern brethren—that they must “recognize” slavery in
the public domain—that they must lay thrir hands upon it
and say that it is legally established there by the constitution.
This is yielding the power of Congress over the subject of
slavery in the territories. For if Congress can say that it
doe# exist thereby virtue of the constitution, it possesses the
correlative right of declaring that it does not exist there by
the instrument. This is as plain as the nose on a man's
face. And yet men in pursuit of a favorite measure will re
nounce all reason and consistency, and lak right after it!
Free Barbecue at Starkville on 204 U July.
At a meeting of the citizens es Lee on the 16th nit., Jesse
M. Davis was appointed Chairman, and W. A. Hawkins,
Secretary. The object of the meeting being explained, on mo
tion of M. Perry, a committee of eighteen were appointed
i to extend suitable invitations to the people, to meet at Stark-
J villeon the 26th July, to deliberate upon the great questions
| which now distract our beloved country ; which committee,
reported the following:
The undersigned committee are authorised to invite the cit
izens generally, to meet at Starkville cn the £6th inst. to par
take of a Barbecue, and to unite with ns in deliberating upon
ruch measures as w ill tend to secure our rights, and the sta
bility and harmony’ of the Union. \\ c believe that the pro
pie of Georgia are prepared to advocate and adopt any just,
fair, equitable aad constitutional adjustment of the questions
now agitating and distracting the country. We believe, fur
ther, that the adjustment reported in the Senate by the Com
mittee ot Thirteen, and. advocated by leading and patriotic
Senators, North and South, of both parties, is the best plan
of adjustment now having any prospect of passing, and that
its adoption and passage, will give peace and quiet to the
whole country.
We cannot, in any wise, entertain the opinion that the peo
ple of Georgia, will insist upon and demand, that Congress
shall legislate upon the subject of slavery iu the Territories,
when such a power has been so ofleuptnd so decidedly reject
ed and determined. Nor can we concur in the opinion, that
unless Congress shall pass the Missouri Compromise, with
the addition of a positive recognition of slavery south of that
line, that in that event the Government should he broken up
and the Union dissolved.
. We fed confident that there is in the Congress of the Uni
ted States, full as much wisdom and patriotism as were in tho
Nashville Convention, and that Congress alor.r, is the body
to whom, under the constitution, is referred and delegated tho
power to settle and adjust the pending queslions. We do not
feel willing or prepared for revolution, nor shall we until every
known expedient of an honorable adjustment shall have fail
ed; nor to rupture this Union until we shall have been con
vinced that such revolution will be a redress for our wrongs,
and that such rupture shall be followed by the substitution
and establishment of a better government.
The Ladies are earnestly invited to attend, for, “their pres
ence gives power.”
Samuel D. Irwin, Chairman.
Jesse M. Davis, Rennet Foster, Win. Battle.
Alford Kersey, Wm. Henderson, R. S. Williams,
Philip W cst, John Whitsett, P. Law born,
Janies Cony, James Green, Williams King,
Benjamin F. Lock, ) Dissenting tonne item in the invi-
Willis A Hawkins. \ tation.
The report of the Committee being read by W. A. Haw
kins, and the object of the contemplated meeting explained in
a few remarks, E. R. Brown, of Sumter, was called upon
to address the meeting, who responded with zeal and ability,
taking bold grounds for the Clay Compromise; other speech
es were delivered.
Upon motion of Mr. Perry tho report of the . Committee
was adopted. • ,
On motion, it was
Resolved , That a copy of these proceedings bo sent to tho
Macon Journal <J- Messenger, the Georgia Citizen , and tho
Albany Patriot.
Whereupon, on motion, the meeting adjourned.
JESSE M. DAVIS, Chairman.
Willis A. Hawkins, Secretary.
Remarkable Phenomenon. We are indebted to
Mr John Spalding, of this place, for the following interesting
part iculars of a singular phenomenon that took place at Two
Heart river, about seventy miles above this place, on tho
southern shore of Lake Superior. About 11 o'clock in the
day, of the 18th ultimo, Mr. Spalding’s attention was attract
ed to a slight agitation of the water near the shore, and very
soon he saw, with surprise, the land suddenly rising out of tho
water a few rods from the shore, and within a stone's throw
of himself. The beach opposite was also raised up at the
same time to the height of some twelve feet.
The new island is round, and about one hundred and fifty
feet in circumference, and is raised above the water six feet*
and the rise on the beach, which is wide at this place, is el #•
bout the same size, and looks like a hillock of sand. Th
new island was at first covered with sand and pebbles, liko
