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DAILY ENQUIRED - PUN : COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. FRIDAY MORNING DECEMBER* 31. IMS.
Alcohol in the Commerce of the Wo rid.
An Article Tlint In Known to nnrt i'noit li) oil
Clrllir.tMl unit Nnvnfro Karen—Th. I’m 1 IImt (lev*
eminent. llnve flub- of t *. n non re r of lti-v-
enue—Tito Mnny MillIoiik Kenlliril h) Ito To\>
ntion In Different t'nuntrlfH.
San Pranelno Chronicle.
What would the world do without nleo-
hol? That is a question not eiutily answer
ed, but something instructive may be said
about what it has done with it. There is
not in the world a tribe so savage tiiat docs
not know it by its effects. The Chinese
and Japanese obtain it from rice. Wild
tribes make it from juices of trees, plants,
fruits and milk. But from whatever source
obtained it is chemically the same—cur-
bon, hydrogen and ogygen in certain fixed
proportions. It is rarely seen pure. As
spirits of wine it will show 10 percent, or
more of absolute purity, and In brandy,
whisky, wine, beer it is in proportions or
only from 10or 15 to 50, to 70, to the entire
quantity of liquid which contains it.
LicpiidsAiontaining alcohol arc used for
their effect on the nervous system. In
small quantities they stimulate j taken in
excess they paralyze. The Indian in a
frontier settlement who sells a rifle, his
only means of support, for a glass of
whisky, is not aware of these reasons.
Physiology and hygiene were not includi d
in his youthful curriculum of study. The
savage in the heart of the dark continent
■ is equally ignorant of the subtle influence
in the juices of fruits or plants which he
has expressed and subjected to a rude pro
cess of fermentation. Mich knows simply
that, having drank of the firewater, he is
exhilarated and rested; that for the
moment he is comfortable and happy. It
is not probable that Noah was (lie first
man wno got into a beastly state of intoxi
cation on the juice of the grape, hut his
shameful case is the first on record. The
science of chemistry was still some
thousands of years in the future, and the
patriarch of the deluge know no more
than tlie babe unborn of the active princi
ple in tlie wine which caused his overt brow
and the indelicate and irreverent conduct
of hi •, sons.
It is imt. in the province of this article to
dilate on the abuses of alcohol or the
liquids it is used to fortify, but rather of the
uses Unit have been made of it. It is
applied in medicine and in the arts in a
great variety of ways and forms. Mcthc-
giated—that is, adulterated with 10 per
cent, of wood spirits which renders it im
possible to take in ernally—it is used as a
preservative agent. Tlie small per cent,
that enters into the composition of good
wines renders it harmless unless the wines
are consumed in extraordinary excess.
Wines, whiskies, and ail the liquids into
which it enters in larger proportion must
have their use largely tempered with
discretion.
One of the most curious branches of the
subject is the use that governments have
made of it as a source of revenue. This
advantage taken of an almost universal
popular appetite may seem unfair, but
governments hnve had two potent reasons
for having recourse to it. There was no
danger that many persons would discon
tinue its use to escape the tax, no matter
how auriferous it might be, and it was a
tax levied at the same time on a luxury,
and the vice which governments, since
they have thought of the matter at all,
have always held to ho legitimate. As a
taxpayer alcohol has, during the last 200
or 300 years, paid many billions of dollars
to support governments, to build palaces,
to raise and maintain armies, and to build
and keep afloat navies. Without being
able to state the figures exactly, we may
say that it pays now not far from $1,201),-
000,000 annually to tlie various govern
ments of the world who avail themselves
of it as a means of income.
France began in lOlill to tax alcohol for
benevolent purposes. The tax was in
creased in 1717. In 1780 simple alcohol
paid a tux of $7.70 the twenty-two gallons,
that twice ns strong $11 and spirits of wine
$19-20 for the same quantity. The tax on
alcohol disappeared m the son of universal
liberty in 1701. Napoleon imposed a mod
erate tax, and since then it has varied $8
the twenty-two gallons to $25, the highest
rate being moderate from an American
standpoint. But every time that flic gov
ernment gets seriously straitened for money
threats are made to raise it, which are al
ways greeted throughout the country with
a universal howl of disapprobation. Wines
are thin and laid in France, and alcohol
must be hud to fortify them, or to fabricate
others that nre absolutely lletitious.
Bismarck has kept Germany in a ferment
for a year past by an effort to increase the
Income of the government by raising the
tax on alcohol. His success thus far has
been far from corresponding with tiie zeal
he has manifested. But us in France and
in Russia, money must be had to maintain
vast armaments, and the attempt will be
sure to be rewarded the coming winter.
Alcohol began to be imported from Venice
into Germany in the fourteenth century.
Since then its use him been general among
the coal miners and the workmen in all
manufacturing centers. It has been their
stimulants, their nerve irritant, their chief
comfort, as it has been among all the over
worked populationofEurope. FrederickII.
of Prussia,imposed the first tax (.son alcohol.
In 1810 these taxes were changed from the
product itself to the distilling apparatus
and the raw material, to favor the manu
facture of alcohol from potatoes which is
a special German industry. This potato
alcohol is imported into France in large
quantities. It goes to Cognac, whence it
is re-exported in the form of tine Cognac
brandy to the United States and elsewhere.
Baden, Wurtemberg, and Bavaria still con
trol the tax on alcohol. It is said that Bis
marck not only desires to raise the tax on
this important product, but to absolutely
monopolize the control of the 3357 distiller
ies, which is the aggregate number in the
country.
French alcohol, imported into England
by way of Holland, became a fashionable
drink of the gentry about the cud of the
seventeenth century. The financial branch
of the government saw at once a means of
increasing the national income. The Puri
tans were frightened by the apparition of
this new emissary of satan, and, being
powerful in parliament, they caused the
importation to be prohibited in 1077. This
produced an unexpected development in
the manufacture ot gin and whisky. Par
liament then removed the prohibition and
endeavored to stem the tide of drunken-
' ness by high license. This remedy prov
ing insufficient, the distillation of grain
was forbidden by n law in 1758, but finding
it useless to struggle against the evil by
such means, liberty of fabrication was
granted, and the product was treated after
ward simply as one of the fiscal resources
of the government.
In the sixteenth century the Russian
government monopolized the sale of ulco-
nol. It took the product from the manu
facturers and sold it to the retailers. This
method not proving satisfactory, the
wholesale trade was farmed out to a class
of persons who grew rapidly wealthy
while the government received little.
When in 1863 Alexander II. proposed to
recall this privilege the farmers offer d
$24,000,000 for it, thus showing how im
mense had been their profits. This fact
furnished an effective dr.niatic incident
to the author of the “ Dunicheffs.” There
are said to be 2447 distilleries in Russia.
The manufacture and the trade in alcohol
are free, hut the duty is nearly $3 per gal
lon. But the country is cold, and Rus
sians, noble and peasant alike, drink the
strong liquor containing a high per cent,
of baa alcohol as other people of other
nations drink wine or beer. The tax on
jdfohol in the United States is reserved to
l lie general government by tlie eonstltu- j
tion, which did not avail itself of this im
portant resource till tlie breaking out of
the war. In 1868 the tax produced $5,1611,
530. The following year it was raised to |
$5 a gallon and the production increased
sixfold. The tax, afier various -lianges,
was in 1875 fixed at $2 22 a gallon (nearly)
whore it has since remained. Montaiguo
considered the Dutch as the drunkards
par excellence of his epoch. They cer
tainly drink hard, and they have not by
any means yet lost the appetite for liquors
containing u high per cent, of alcohol, of
which they make a great variety and im
mense quantity. The tax is now $48 per
twenty-two gallons. In Germany it is $90
for the same quantity, in Austria $5.25, in
Denmark $8, in Belgium $11,50, in Hpain
$13.20, and in Italy $11. As a consequence
of this low duty drinking shops abound in
all the countries last mentioned, where
liquors with a high per cunt, of alcohol,
called rum, gin, cognac, aniset chartreuse,
curaeoa, benediotine, and numerous others
can he had at two or three cents a glass,
and a small bottle for a nominal llguru.
The consumption of alcohol in England
in 1870 was 23,824,800 gallons, affording a
revenue of $109,000,000, nearly. According !
to the statistics it had somewhat diminish
ed in 1884. Tho consumption in Russia in
the same year was 00,500,000 gallons, a sen
sible falling off from that of 1875. The in
come of the United .States was a little over I
$30,000,000 in 1801, and in 1881 about $80,-
000,000. In France hi 1885 it reached near
ly $30,000,090, while in Germany it lias
never exceeded $12,200,000, the aggregate
of tho tax in 1885. Italy lias never realized
more than $2,400,000. It is a country in
which the vice of drunkenness has liover
attained serious proportions.
.MIriti-iiloiiN Kariqie.
W. W. Reed, druggist, of Winchester,
link, writes: “One of my customers, Mrs.
Louisa Pike, Bartonia, Randolph county,
Iiicl., was a long sufi'erer with consump
tion, und was given up to die liy her physi
cians. She heard of Dr. King’s New Dis
covery for consumption, and began buying
it of me. In Hix months’ time slie walked
to this city, a distance of six miles, and is
now so much improved she has quit using
it. She feels she owes her life to it.”
Free Trial a bottle at Brannon & Car
son’s drug Store. eod&w
Hugs, Old anil Y«»nmr.
Now cloth the rid folks hug the fire,
Their shivering to smother,
While safe within the parlor, snug,
The young folks hug each other.
—Washington Critic.
*ffi€maGordml
cum: h
DYSPEPSIA, INDIGESTION,
WEAKNESS, CHILL3 AND FEVERS,
MALARIA, LIVER COMPLAINT,
KIDNEY TROUBLES,
NEURALGIA AND RHEUMATISM.
JT io lnvlgorat- TT gives NEW
# a r>- 1 LIFE to tho
whole SYSTEM
ing o:ui
Ughi ul to take,
and of great value
as a Medicine for
weak and Ailing
Women and Chil
dren.
1107 BROAD STREET,
DEPOT FOR
Shovel Plows, Watt's Cast and Chilled Plows,
A CARD.
To all who arc Buffering from tho errors and
Indiscretions of youth, nervous weakness, oarly
decay, loasof manhood, kc., I will send a recipe
that will euro you, FREE OF CHARGE. This groat
romody was discovered by a missionary in South
Amor lea. Bond a solf-addressod onvolopo to tho
Kiev. Joseph T. Inman, Station D, New York City.
ne 11 eod&wlv tfols r m)
Bradfields
An infallible specific for
all the diseases peculiar to
women, ouch as painful or
suppressed Menstruation,
Fulling of the Womb, Leu-
corrhcca or Whites, etc.
Female
4'IIANUK OF LIFE.
If t aken during this crit
ical period, great suffering
and danger cun be entirely
Regulator
Send for hook containing valuable information
•*APPLIED TO THE BRUSH*-
— WITH AN —
IVORY (CMuMct) SPOON.
Z ONWEINS s a now Dental ( ream.
It* cleansing, refreshing and preservative
properties, delicious flavoring and convenience
of use, place it far in advaneo of nil previous
preparations for the Teeth. Sold by nil Druggists
Johnson A Johnson, Operatin' Chemists,
vJ Cedar Street, New ITork
T6® only perfect substitute for Mother’*
milk. Invaluable la Cholera Infantum
nnd Teeth Inge A pro-dige3ted food for Dys*
peptics, Consumptives, Convalescents.
Perfect nutrient in ail Wasting Diseases*
Requires no cooking. Our Book, Tho Care
and Feeding of It.."lints, mailed free.
DO LIBER. GOODALB CO.. Boston. M»sa
FOR SALE
.amp county. Ga.. known as the Rogers or Pace
luce, seven miles from Hamilton and four miles
Yom Whitesville. Titles good. Terms cash.
Hurr
P 1
lr
dec22 eodtd
roofing
Send forprlcei
■*" and illustrated catalogue or
jjlNQiNMAp \Q‘.‘ CORRUGATING GO
Minerals, is com
posed of carefully
selected Vegeta
ble IVI edicines,
combined skill
fully, mnking u
Safe nnd Pleasant
Remedy.
CAPITAL, -
Slltl’l.ltt. .
H 400. <><><)
100,000
Accounts of Hanks, Bankers and Corporations
solicited.
Our facilities for COLLECTIONS are excellent
and we re discount for Banks when balances
warrant it.
Boston is a Reserve City, and balances with us
from Banks (not located in other Reserve Cities)
counted as a reserve.
We draw our own Exchange on London and
the Continent, and make Cable transfers nnd
place money by telegraph throughout the United
States and Canada.
Government Bauds bought and sold, and Ex
changes in Washington made for Banks without
extra charge.
We have a market for prime flrst-c'ass Invest
ment Securities, and invite proposals from States,
Counties and Cities when issuing Bonds.
We do a general Banking business, and invite
corree ponde nee.
ANA I*. POTTER, President.
JON. W. WORK, Cashier.
oc30 wed&sat6m
Business Property
FOR SALE.
The Muscogee Home Corner will bt sold at a
rare bargain to a cash purchaser. No better
location in the city for paying investment Will
pay five per cent on price asked in its present un
improved state.
L. H. CHAPPELL,
Broker. Real Estate and Insurance Agent,
atr
I CURE FITS!
i tlino aud thou havo
Beano of FITS, EPI-
lifo Ions study. I
tho worst cases. Because
for not now receiving •
edy. <11 vo Ex pros
Dothing for a trial, aud I will euro yon. _ ,
Address Da. li. G. HOOT, 183 Pearl 8t.,NewTork*
Or, J, W, CAMERON,
Practicing Physician.
IYISEASES of Infancy and Childhood a special
* " ty. I)r. J. W Cameron can he found at
Evans & Howard’s Drugstore. Otlice hours from
8 to 10 a m and from 2 to fip m. Residence No.
310 Tenth street, opposite the synagogue
dec!4 lm
N EW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY
0F MUSIC Boston, Mass.
THE LARCESToi.il BEST EQUIPPED inth.
WORLD —100Instructors.2005Student.last year. Thor.
oi.rIi Instruction lit Vocal.nd Instrumental .Music. Piano and
Organ Tuning. Fine Art*. Oratory, Literature, French, der
ma u and Italian Languages, Kngiish Branches, Gymnastics,
etc. Tuition, sm * S ’ 1 : hoard ami room with Steam Ur at and
Electric 1 :hf. per t.-rm. Full Term begins Sep
tember!', lyvi K >i l l iistii N'd Calendar, with lull Inforinahoa
ddrc.-N. L TtHTUFF. l'ir., Franklin St,.. BOSTON. Ma*
Y AND
A . a .Tr.fdCS PAID
*T A; ’ • sU*i.j which preferred
• t * frt O M.-umimdureraSi
.•.-•j; t., l mciuuati, O.
ie!4 wlv
T)TT I 8end six cents for postage and
1 IV1 f j Li, recceive free a costly ook of
goods which will help all, of either sex, to mak
more money right away tha^i anything else i
this world. Fortunes await the workers abso
utely sure. Terms mailed free. Tbuk & Co.
Auirasta. Maine
W!
. .. - - needing profitable employ.
I meuttoror resent us in every county. Salary
[ $75montfily & expenses, or alarire commiss
ion on sales if preferred. Goods staple^
BOYl WlJ
>!
Scovil Hoes, best brands of Axes, Trace Chains, Nails, Ivon.
Shovels and Spades, Wagon and Buggy Timbers
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
law vena.
Ob Y. CRAWFORD,
Attorn oy-ftt-Law,
Office up t tairs over Wittich & Kinsel’s jewelry
■tore
JOSEPH F. POU,
tl . ,
Attorn ey-ftt-Lftw.
Office up stairs over 1111 Broad street.
4NO. PEABODY.
w. H. BRAN NOW.
A Book, ‘Volina,’
by 1 e a d i n g
icians, telling
to treat dis
eases at HOME,
mailed, together
with a sfetoi hand
some cards by new
Heliotype process,
c:i receipt of io c.
8b»i*M tho dual pi
Volina Drug ar.d Chemical Company,
ll.tl.Tl'illlti:, 511'., s.
OH CONSIGNMENT
?00 Boxes Oranges!
Choice, bright St. John’s ltiver Oranges. No
rusty or sour oranges in tills lot.
PRICE $3.50 PER BOX.
Iu 15 to 50 box lots will make special prices.
2<) Jib/s Fine Northern Apples.
All the above goods now in store and can fill
orders promptly.
J. J. WOOD,
Next above Central Hotel.
eod ti
Maverick National Bank,
BOSTON, MASS.
Imported Cntilery,
American Cuttlery,
Razors,
Scissors,
Carvers,
CHARLTON BATTLE.
yEABODY, BRANNON A BATTLE,
j * Attorneys ftt-Luw.
• n r> . \t r l.;i.. Intil i Office second floor Burras building, coni'
Strictly Pure While Lean. | Broad an d Twelfth streets.
Linseed Oils.
Varnish.
Spirits Turpentine,
w 5
'HOMA8 \V. GRIMES,
Attomey-at-Law-
Office up stairs over Robert Carter’s drag store.
M. A. LITTLE,
Attorney at-Law.
Olfiee over R. S. Crane, corner Broad and
Tivelllli streets.
Shot. Shells. U'uris, (Ops. Carpenters Supplies nml General | gr , GS bv e Thomas,,,r. guigsby b. chandler.
Hardware. \ '|' H0MAS & chandler,
Attorneys-ut-Law.
Mlt. A. it. WILKERSON is with us, and trill be pleased to meet bis friends and j o(fii?e nn stairs over C R. Hocbstrasser’* store,
former patrons.
I AS. M. LENNAR D,
Attorney-at-Law.
Office back room over 0. J. Edge’s shoe store.
decl9 d im
$50 REWARD.
We will pay liie above mvurtl I’nr any case of Rheumatism, lfiooil I’oison or kiiincv 11,1. u WILLI8 >
Disease tiiat '/fUNNJCUTTS lillli UMA TIC CERE fails lO |j Attorney at Law
cure permanently if taken accortiing to tlirertious. Wo mean just wlwl we say. This won- office over crane’s comer.
Vrliil Tonic- ami lllunil Purifier is fur sale liy all first class Druggists.
J. M. HUNNICUTT & CO., Atlanta, Ga
— )vIiY^yVJSE®P3r!J ,
Office corner below Swift’s warehouse.
AS. G. MOON,
Attorney-at-Law and Real Estate Agent.
EEO S-HI I HOSE I
IN ORDER TO REDUC1J OUR STOCK OF RUBBER HOSE,
U WILL OFFER SPECIAL BARGAINS FOR THE NIST WEEK.
We have the bent and cheapest Hose in the market. A full line of Hose Reels aud Nozzles.
GEORGIA STEAM AM GAS PIPE C
Telephone 99. 13 Twelfth Street.
Tlie Brown Ootton Gin.
NEW LONDON, CONN.
Manufacturers of the “Old Reliable”
Brown Cotton Gins, Feeders and Con
densers.
All the very latest improvements: im
proved roll box, patent wliipper, two
brush belts, extra strong brush, cast
steel bearing, improved Feeder,
enlarged, dust prof ’ondenser.
/a. i. .-eng, simple ..distraction, durable
Tr%i n fight, cleans the seed per
IBgjfect., nnd produces first class samples.
“* DELIVERED FREE OF FREIGHT
at any ncccssiblc point. Mend for full
description and price list.
COLUMBUS IRON WORKS, Agents, Columbus. Ga.
BARGAINS!
Remember the Great Bargain Sale continues at our store.
The stock must post lively he closed out even at a great sacri
fice. We have space to give prices only on few lines. We
shall offer to-morrow our entire stock of
Dress Goods
At a fearful loss. In this line it will pay y.ou to inspect:
1000 Yards Remnants Canton Flannel at 4£c.
2000 Yards Remnants 4-4 Bleached Cotton at 5c.
2000 Yards Remnants Good Calico at 3c.
1000 Yards beautiful Curtain Scrim at 12k:, worth 20c.
Flan
nels!
Blankets
Flan
nels!
Blankets!
Hosiery,
Corsets,
Trunks and Bags,
Hosiery,
Corsets,
Trunks and Bags,
Hosiery.
Corsets.
Trunks and Bags.
WRAPS! WRAPS!
Only few Wraps lefl—some very fine ones. In this line
we don't refuse any reasonable offer.
MILLHsTEPvTI
Many desirable goods left in this department.
A ny one wishing to engage in the Dry Goods business can rent
the store and buy the stock on favorable terms.
JAMES A. LEWIS,
1012 'IBfROTlkD STREET,
Two doors above Rankin House, - - Columbus, Ga.
JAMES M. RUSSELL,
Attorney-at*Law.
Practices in the stato and federal courts of
Georgia and Alabama. Office over 1247 Broad St.
S. B. HATCHER. *• D* PEABODY
| J ATCHER & PEABODY,
Attorneys-at-Law.
Office up stairs over 1119 Broad street.
yy A. TIGNER,
Attorney-at- Law.
Office on second floor of Garrard building.
U P. GILBERT,
Attomey-at-Law.
Prompt attention given to all business. Offio*
over R. S. Crane.
yf B. SLADE,
Att orney-atrLaw.
Office on second floor of Georgia Home build-
big.
yjyr alonzo carter,
Attorney-at-Law.
Office up stairs over R. S. Crane.
| OUIS F. GARRARD,
Attorney-at-Law,
I’HYKKlAm
Q L. WILLIAMS.
Practicing Physician.
Office over Evans & Howard’s Drug Store.
Residence No. 1019 Third avenue, between
Tenth and Eleventh strests. dec29 3m
MMHOS. S. MITCHELL,
Practicing Physician and Surgeon.
Office at Hall & Wheat’s drug store. Telephone
No. 5. Residence on Rose Hill. Telephone
No. 110. dec7 3m 4
C. TICKNOR,
Practicing Physician.
Office at Robert Carter’s drug store.
J E. GILLESPIE,
Practicing Physician.
Offic at Robert Carter’s drug store.
W. W. BRUCE. BERT BBRUOOB
W. BRUCE & SON,
Practicing Physicians.
Office up stairs over Frazer & Dozier’s hard
ware store.
TNO. J. MASON,
Practicing Physician.
Office at City Drug Store.
D. HURT,
Practicing Physician.
Office up stairs over Brannon & Carson’s drug
store.
rp W. BATTLE,
Practicing Physician.
Officce over Brannon & Carson. Residence 727
Broad street.
E. GRIGGS,
Practicing Physician.
DENTISTS.
yy F. TIGNER,
Dentist.
Office up stairs over Glass Bros’ drug store,
Twefth street.
Q EO. W. McELHANEY,
Dentist.
Office up stairs over Wittich & Kinsel’s, In
Garrard building.
^yM. J. FOGLE,
Dentist.
Office over Rothschild Bros., 1247 Broad street.
OPIUM
ana Whiskey Ilab*
its cured at home with-