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JLlhens, Oct. 4k. 1833..
ir-n- Wcnive lilac* !«> "The Ghost .ifPom hatan", tbit
r.ur re«Jrr-Vniiy examine il.c a remnants pro ami con
1,‘dian question. Wo liave no room for
comment*.
the i.vmvx question— no. i.
" fitiI this is n people robbed noil spoiled ; they
are all of them snared in hides, and Ihe:/ are
bid in prison houses ; they are for a prey, j
and none deliverelh ; for a spoil, and none,
sail!'. Restore."—Is.w.hj. j
Tbi-re sire times nml sensnns in the progress
, . , r i .i « *' 'j • ■ “The long ocony is over!” The election has termi-
of I'liruin alfitrn, when lliti public mind m in " ' . , ... . .
such n nioritiri and fovern.ll stole of nvrite- * 'H- lmrd f.u,l.i slrugii e for political ascend-
that reason nml argument are addressed cc ! ,cd l™* «“»f° r ; hc . l,e “' ° r P»^*>on
to ii in vain, "'lien the passions and preju-
wc rouH 8av all; but that *vc cannot dare to hope.—
There in too little of the inihl and peaceful spirit of
forgiveness in this erring world, to make all of us rcudi-
vnrious offensive acts or ex
pressions wc may have witnessed in moments of excite,
ment; we are loo little deposed to make due all'
anees for human frailty ; too unrelenting in our censure.
ami the warmth of partisan zeal which accompanied
„ . . . • . . V".. the political canvass, has subsided ! Would to heaven
dices of the people, arc aroused info action by 1 .. .. ... . ,
the worst motive!* which can npernto «hi the
Iioaii of man, the moat -ndeninl.lo and i-.nvin- f ivenPSsi „ crrjnl{
o,„u truths, nro unheeded by thorn ;lh.-ir r.y^ nnJ f , lh „
fucullirs arc clouded by sclf-ml.-rest, . we nmy hsvo „
and tUir visual powers obstructed by art tnv
penetrable veil, which shuts out from vieiv.
ivory tiling incompatible with the gratification j •j.| )e c | rr ij, m |, n , terminated—how it has resulted, is
of an inordinate thirst for gain. It is then with
yet to lio made known. Both parties have been san
millions thus heated ond disordered | |,, nn , ( ,f mccsis ; one, of coium, niust be disappoint
influences, which ought so carefully to he
avoided, they rush on to the commission of
,]. |f jt ia ours, we Host wc shall yield with becoming
grace, under tin) conviction that though our opponents
acts, which rittisf and U'ill ho condemned hy all i | )R># (- |ir ,| 1( , p rl . 3en t accomplished their desires, truth
w ho are not operated upon by the same dnlu-, M .m u |i| inu i e ]y prevail, and with its omnipotent forcy,
sive inducements; and which they, themselves, ourc>uiB w j|| prosper. If we have nt tbit time again
will blush for, when their present itifuriatn, ( , llccorl | c( j i He shall regard it as a signal triumph of
feelings shall have subsided, and given (dace | ;lr ,„ cl y, ; „ principle winch appeals in the judgment,
<0 ihe calm results nf right reason, and urilii- j an( j r( .fl,. c ij oni ,, n ,| palriolism, and virtue, of enliglit-
assed judgment. cned freemen, against the fiilde professions of those
The human mind and its diversified afTcc-1 vv j l() Wl)ll | ( i their feelings of private interest, or
(ions, is a piece of machinery of infinite varic-! Br | fil>h ciipidiiy. But cnoag!i of this,
tv, and complexity of structure and notion J We now turn from the dry and uncongenial, yet no-
and when it lultos a violent and wrong dire' 1 - eessary pursuit of puliiiral warfare, to look upon the
lion, it is exceedingly difficult to restrnin it; wnt ld around us, and from tho fuir field which opens to
(i oni the wildest excesses. This is a truism j „ ur view, cull tho most fragrant flowers to please the
abundantly verified by tlie history of every senses and to ehcer the heart j to amuse the different
age and nation ; and in no instance of recoil j tastes of our various patrons, from the sentimental t-
occurrence, lias it hcPO more ftlllv nod fairly the lover of the ludicrous ; from tho philosopher to the
brought into public view, limn in llin conduct devourer of melancholy accidents; from the fair reader
ofGoergin, in rolnlinn to the Cherokee Indians, nf poetry and mnrriages, tnthe ordinary newsmonger.
The position in which tho state finds her ' H'o shall explore ihn regions nf fancy, untrammelled
self, in regard to these aborigines of the conn-j bv Ihe drawbacks and restraints of real life wc s!
try ; these children of (lie lake and tho forest, descend araia to tho earth, and note the changeful
who are just emerging from the savage and tidings of the limes. In short, our task will lie, as it
hunter life, into a civilized and ugrtrult.irul ever his been, in furnish matter for
rnurlittnn t is. indeed, one nf “ n wakening
interest” to the r. hnlo community. The eyes
of tlie Christian world ure turned toward*
Georgia, and her resolves upon this momen
tous subject, are looked to. with the deepest a(j j ( | e
expectation nod concern. The honor mid
character of the slule are at slake, mid the | oiar hjn.l fmtrons w-lio Imvo lilllo roliali (or wucli topicn,
aursiion involves considerations and conse
quences,that the wisest among usennnoi divine.
Il' ll'.n cupidity and nvarico of the people,
1‘Thr grave, the gav, the saddened and urine.”
This, ns far ns the limits of our hcbdomedal sheet
will a'low, we shall endeavor always to accomplish ;
J and when, on nrra»i"ns like Ihe one just past, we lay
our usual variety to engage in political contra
ersy, and discuss allairs of state, we hope those nf
should tin! he stayed m their career of wrong
doing, hy motives of humanity und kindness
l i» .piU tlieir ici! fellow beings ; justice iml
rcii non. al least should raise (heir voices to
j will consider their foil investigation as necessary to the
I perpetuation of our happy republican government, and
excuse us accordingly.
j '-<?£>-
I Insurrection.—The good people of this town and
in. ond have been wonderfully frightened for a
but c.v-past, in consequence of Ihe numerous reports
rest tho reckless avidity of those wlm arc j lw „.„ tcheJ from Nort |, Carolina and some
liljny to overbalance and disregard ail nth-r , I., ee.» in our own Stale, of insurrectionary movements,
i videralions in tho nhteiiillieill of the lain! • || , va s even suspected that a conapiracy tor such a pur*
"I I'l'l't'tt, of ip'.red oppressed, und help- p„, e w „, all f, lo r here,and accordingly a large number
ss laci- ol hunmu i reai-ucs. ;, r,, n , ’ 7.ens patrolled for twnnigbts last week. The
lint who shall dare to stem tho rapid lido of j t . X pectei] tragedy, however, I urns out lobe a farce,“no
strong I cause for apprehension having existed ; and wo believe
rail v ceased.
public opinion, which is now selling
against nil persons ond opinions, adverse to J the alarm ha.
the all pervading and overpowering spirit
e h,eh actuates the great body of the people ofl
Georgia " Im will have the temerity to tell |
Internal Improvement.—Public attention lias been
drawn, for a considerable time past, towards the sub.
then, in n language not to be.misunderstood, ., or V nciIil , (mp our principal mar
that the Indians are men, and (gl ow rreatures, L p| , by , )f „ al | , t ,„ ds> Turnpikes, Canal.,«tc.;
nro, the children of d'O a n d in furtherance of objects so desirable, were dele-
born ns free ns w
same God, ll.nl they ore persons mill noi things,
that they linve souls to lie saved nr lost, that
they have rights which claim to be respected,
and which cannot bn disturbed or destroyed,
except by tlie unholy hands of power, pressing
upon treatiirjj. of injiislicn overturning the
seal of justice, of error, and falsehood, nntl in-
fatuation usurping the places of right, and
truth, and pinprioly; of wrong doing, instead
of” doing unto others as we would they should
do onto us ?
Who ran pronounce without fenr nml trem
bling ut the liili: that a units him, iIichk solemn
and uncninpronnsing truths 7 Take from the
Indians their lands, ihe inheritance of their fn
thors from tho remotest times, around which
you have chosen to extend the limits of your
ctutc, and you sacrifico every principle of
honesty nnd magnanimous feeling, al tho foot,
stool of tho worst and most malevolent
dispositions; tlml humanity would weep over
conduct which her utmost benignity could
never pardon or excuse ; and that Aslrca her
self, finding no resting place among us, would
seek consolation for her polluted attributes in
some other place, moro congenial to her sa
cred character.
Such an nno is ruined, nt least for Ihn pre
sent, in Georgia—ho will ho denounced nnd
abused, marked out, and pointed nt,as nn ene
my to tho interests of the slate and his party.
The fiat of tho people in such a tumultuary
state of feeling, tike Iho billowy surges of the
ticenti, wilt overwhelm all who shall attempt to
check or assuage it; whilst those who “ ride
in the whirlwind und direct the storm,” will bo
cherished, and nursed, and nurtured, and pro
moted to tho highest places in thu affections of
the people, and of influeneo and consideration
in the body politic, entirely regardless of any
intrinsic merit of their own, apart from this ca
tering for the public appetite.
Unpromising und hopeless as may bo the
umlnrlaking, to disrnbo this subject of its ex
trinsic coverings, and discover it to ihe people
iu its true shape and dimensions, it will not bo
avoided. It will bo attempted in several suc
ceeding numbers to show to nil, nnd to con
vince, at least, the moral and conscientious
part of the community, that to possess our
selves of the Indian lands by force, wo shall
not only trample on tho rights of the Cltcro-
Uees, hut shall abandon all those principles
consecrated to the esuse of justieo nnd hu-
inanity
gales appointed to attend Ihe late Convention at Katon-
tnn. Tlml Convention, ns tin, reader will obsi rvo by
I lie nrliclv from llio Southern Hocorder below, basinet,
accnmplidird its business, and adjourned. IVc hope
die result of Ilia deliberations of that body, may bcpio-
dacliveor public good, yet knowing an we do that in
Ibis country of speculalinn and theory, il is much easier
lo plan great works than lo execute them, wo arc loss
sanguine Ilian w-c could wish to be. No doubt can he
rntcrlainod lor a moment, llial improvements like those
proposed by the Convention, arc more substantia! and'
lasting sources of public and individual wealth, than
almost any thing e lse in which an equal capital could
be invested. They alibrd a variety of conveniences,
even beyond tlie |ioivcr of pecuniary estimation. Of
the particular routes recommended lo be surveyed, we
nre nol competent lo judge with much Cbrrcctncss,
though wo are inclined to regard them favorably; cine
fact is certain nt all events, tlml whether the best or not,
they will, if surveyed and completed, be of immense
advantage to the Slate. Subjoined is the account of
the proceedings from the Itccordcr.
"The Convention which met ot Eatontoti on Monday
the atilli ult. tins adjourned. It earnestly recommends
a system of Internal Improvement to tho Stato—That
tne Legislature authorise ilio Governor lo employ a
competent Engineer or Engineers. to ineke e minute
und careful survey of the principal lines of commercial
communication in tiro Stale, with reference to their fit
ness for Had lloads, Turnpikes, or Canals; aid so ilif-
fuse among our fellow-citizens generally, the topogra
phical information thus obtained. The Convention re-
commends for aurvey the following lines:
1st. from Savannah lo Aognetu, thence loEaton-
ton, and thence in a weatwardly direction to the Chat-
talmochec.
2d. from Savannah to Macon, and thence to Colum
bus, and n line connecting Milledgeville with that
route.
3d. from Savannah to tho bead of navigation on
flint river, and thence to Columbus.
4th. from Auguste to Athens, ond thence in Ilio
most advisable direction towards the North Western
boundary of tliit Slate, together with any other line or
lines which may alfurd the prospect of important com
mercial advantage.
If Ihe State is disinclined lo undertake wiili tier own
resources those improvements, the Convention recom
mends, tlml by subscription for stock, loan.!, or other
pecuniary aid, she co-operale with such companies as
may be cnai lered for tho purpose ol improving the
whole or »ny pert of any of the routes above men
tioned. ”
executive Clmenry. — We learn by tkn Milledgeville
papers, that the Mrssronsiies and others, who were
sentenced to Fenitpntiary confinement at the last
Gwinnett Court, arrived there nn the 22d ult. The
Uovernor offered a pardon to all of them, on condition
that they would promise either to lake the oath or leave
-—it- . ... , . , . the State. Nine oftliein arcepled the offer, but two of
lS.n p«plc. y ' ,0C, ° ’ Bnd ll-Mia.ion.nc*. Mcssra. Worcea.er and Bmler, de-
the Governor to the Inspectors of the Penitentiary, and
their answer, will tie found annexed. At the sa
term ol the Court at which these men were convicted,
Judge Clay ion charged the Grand Jury to inquire into
the alleged oppressions of tlie Guard upon the Mission
aries. He elated that they were civil officers, and ame
nable to the laws for using unnecessary rigor to prison
ers, or any other mal-pracl ice in office ; that such treat
ment ns had been reported to have been used, was not
allowed bv Ihe law s of Georgia ; and that il was due to
llieinsrlves ant) the character of the State, as well as
therightsof the Missionaries, to have the matterin-
veatigaled. No presentment Imiinp been made, it is
reasonable to ttippo8e that no cause was found for any.
Executive Office, j
September 22, 1831. f
Gentlemen,—f understand that n r.utnher of
persons have been lately convicted in Gwin
nett county, for illegal residence in the territo
ry occupied by the Chorokees within the
State, and will very soon he placed within the
Penitentiary, unlees they should he considered
proper subjects for tho exercise of the Execu
tive clemency. As it is possible tlint sonio of
these persons may have committed tho of
fence of which they have been convicted, un
der mistaken opinions of their own duty, or of
Ihe powers of the Government, I am desirous
of pardoning such of them as may have thus
acted, and will now give assurances, tlint they
will not again violate the laws of (he Stalo; if
they should be found worthy of such clemency.
You nre requested to see each of tho priso
ners, and converse with them alone, and as
certain from them whether they nre disposed
to promise not again to offend the laws if they
should ho pardoned. You are also requested
lo asrertnin ns accurately as you can,, what
has been Ihe goncral character of each of ihe
convicts, and the motives which havo influen
ced them in their opposition to (lie authority of
tho Slate.
The result of your enquiries and conversa
tion, you will oblige me hy communicating ns
early as convenient.
Very Respectfully, Yours, &e.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
JMessrs. Jets. Cainak, Denj. .ft. IVhitc. Tom
linson Fort, Inspectors of tho Penitentiary.
Penitentiary, September 22, 1831.
Sir,—In compliance with your request of
this dale, wo met nt the Penitentiary, and in
vestigated the ,-nses tof each ol’llie individuals
brought from Gwinnett, separately. Enclo
sed, wc send statements of James J. Trott —
Samuel Mays (No. 1.) Edward Delosiur (No.
2.) Surry Eaton (No. 3,) Thomas Gann (No.
4 ) A Copeland (No. 5,)—You will find nlso,
a written petition ill favor of S. Mays, enclo
sed in No- 1.
We havo personally examined Benjamin F.
Thompson, James A. Thompson, and John
F. Wheeler. The above persons all request
your clemency, on condition that they will not
ngaiti violate the law. They aro stated by Mr.
Troll and Mr. Butlur, to he respectable, hon
est citizens.
With regard to Mr. Butler, he authorizes
us to state, that ho could nut take tho until nf
allegiance to the Slate, without perjuring him
self, as ho views the ease—lie cannot consent
to achango of residence with his present feel
ings.
Mr. Worcester states, that ho has taken the
course ho has pursued, from a firm conviction
of duty—if he had been disposed to submit,
he would not have proceeded so fur—ho has
applied to the Supreme Court, nnd expects to
hear from his application.
Mr. Wheeler slates that his family ia with
in the chartered limits, and that ho intends to
return there, but will nnt subject himself lo
another arrest.
Respectfully vour oli’t. sorvanls,
BENJ. A. WHITE, )
JAMES CAMAK, } Inspectors.
TOMLINSON FORT,)
ivould aiaku them, yet auiioati d with hope, and un
wavering in ihrir palriolism. Circumstances have thus
far been in ihcir favor, else they must ere this time have
fallen, a sacrifice to arbitrary power and tyrannical am
bition. The Cholera Morbus has been in the ranks of
their enemies, nml swept off more than have fallen in
battle; am) though the Poles have suffered from the
ravages of this dreudful disease, yet Ihcir loss is pro
portionally small. Many Russian officers have died
with it; among others, the Grand Duke Constantine,
late Regent of Poland, nnd brother to the Emperor
Nicholas. Our last advices represent the Emperor him-
self as being near Ihe grave, from an attack of the coo-
sumption. This event will probably he favorable to
the cause of the Poles, and give a renewed impulse to
their well tried valor. It is even rumored that the Bus.
sian army has been ordered home, in order to preserve
that tranquillity w hich seems to have been disturbed.
This rumor is not authentic, hut w e hope il may be
true. Our next advices will most probably sillier con
firm oraleny it ; of which, as we intend hereafter to
give a regular summary of foreign news, our readers
will b» immedia'cly apprised.
iljET Tho above paragraph was prepared before the
arrival of the lust mail, which brought us accounts
from I.ivcrpool to the lGth, and Havre t» the 17th Au
gust. Tho rumor of war betw een Belgium and Holland
is confirmed ; hut its termination has, it appears, spee
dily followed its commencement. The Dutch army
onunenced hostilities on the 4lh of August, and alter
over-running a considerable poriiou of Belgium, were
within eight iniiea of Brussels on the 12th. Wherever
they made an onset, tho Belgians took to immediate
flight, threw away their arms and caps, and tried to
utitdo each other in tunning. 'Thegallant conduct of
the new King Leopold, how ever, in defending his capi
tal until the arrival of tbs French army, saved the honor
of the nation. On their approach the Dutch retired, il
being understood that the French were acting in obedi
ence lo the decision of the Five Powers, and to whose
ahirrament the King of Holland readily submitted. Il
is not probable the war will recommence. In conse
quence of this ruplure, the French ministry have con
cluded to remain until an answer from the Chamber of
Deputies to the speech of the Kii g at its opening, shall
be received. Tlio debates in the Chamber had been
very violent. The popular cause with Ihn people is
war—war against the Russians. Berlin accounts of
the 1st Aagust. stele that Field Marshal Paakewitcli,
the commander of Ihe Russian army, lias instructions
to negotiate with Poland. The Poles will be required
to repeal their decree excluding the kouso of Romanoff,
and will be allowed to choose from tlicir own nation,
Viceroy, Czar, Torisky, or Radzivill. Wc know not
whether these terms liavo been foimally offered,
whether they will be accepted. We should think not,
for they ore now confidentof final success. Their spi
rits arc raised, no doubt, from some victories recently
obtained over the Russians. No news from England
of much importance by the last arrival.
THE GHOST OF POWHATAN.
clined, ami are now runsequcntljr undergoing the pun-
I ishraent awarded to their inisyonduct. Tho letter of
-~v --iH=-
Europeari.lJfiiirT.—That all-absorbing topic, State-
Politics, has, for the lust six weeks, drawn so largely
upon our columns, thst we have found it impossible to
devoto any portion of them to the interesting Foreign
News thst has reached us from week to week. The
accounts, irom accumulating so long, have become
voluminous to thst degree, that it would perhaps he
inexpedient to go into any thing liko details—wc must
content ourselves, therefore, with merely noticing somq
of the most important points, in order to furnish a con
necting link from tiro post to the present. Our last
published accounts were from Liverpool to the 1st of
July. At that time the English Reform Bid had receiv
ed its first riadmg in the IIouss nf Commons, and it
was confidently expected to have passed both Houses
without unnecessary delay. Such is tho tardiness of
legislation, however, that it had not st our last advices
gone through the lower branch of Parliament, and
when it should liavo passed that body, was expected lo
meet with strong, if oot successful opposition in the
House of Lords. So much for English Reform.
In generous and enthusiastic, yet firkte-mindcrl
Franco,.tarioua-changes have taken place. -The elec
tion of a President to the New Chamber of Deputies,
took place on the first of August, and resulted in the
choice of M. Girodrle I'Ain, tho Ministerial Candidate,
hy a majority of Jfre votca over M. Latitto. This ma
joiitv being too small to suit the views of M. Caeimir
Perrier, he resigned at once, followed by the rest nf
the Ministers; and a new Cabinet was forming w iih
Count Molo as President of the Council and Minister
for Foreign Affairs ; the rest not as yet ascertained,
The country if apparently tranquil, though much feel
ing exists between the two parties on the question of
peace or war. The issue is doubtful. The celebration
of the “three days” *r represented to have been very
plentlidvMid attended with less noise nnd tumult than
was to havo been expected.
Prince Leopold has accepted the crown of Belgium
and taken the oathof office. It is said he is shortly to
bo married to one of the daughters of Louis Philip.
The difficulties between Holland and Belgium, which
it waa supposed would terminate upon the tceevsion of
Leopold, mill continue, tho commissioners having been
unsuccessful in thsir negotiations. Some fighting ia
reported to hare taken place.
But what shall wc say of the gallant Poles 7 AVc left
them straggling fur liberty; determined to he free, or
perteh in the effort. Wc find them still fighting in t!
Causer/the Poles.—The cause of this gallant nnd
generous people, has excited much interest among the
different nations nf the Old World, and, we arc happy
lo perceive, has commanded some intention in a por
tion of the American continent. Meetings have been
held lo several Northern cities, nnd a small amount
of money already collected to aid then) in defending
their liberties. This spirit is a good one, and we should
be happy to reeits influence extend throughout our be
loved country, and continue with all the warmth of pat
riotic ardor and generous liberality, until the war-cry
-hall no more he henrd upon the Polish soil; until the
blood ol her martyrs and patriots shall cease to flow
until the soul-cheering sound shall reach our ears and
vibrate through our lienrts, that "Poland is Free,” und
the Olive Branch i.-f Peace wavo over a Sister Republic.
In the holy cause of Polish freedom, it is gratifying
find that our countrymen abroad are not idle. A meet
iog of Americans was held in Paris on the 8th of July
last, at which J. Fcniinoro Cooper presided, where
several spirited resolutions were passed. Among others
was the following:
‘‘Resolved, That this meeting admires and commend;
the zeal of Poet. Paul F. Eve, of Georgia, in devoting
his person. Ills acquirements, aud his time, to the Polish
cause."
It was also resolved to address tlicir countrymen in
America on the (object, which lies been done in the
most feeling manner, us will he sren hy the article be
low, attributed to the pen of our talented countryman
the Chairman of the Meeting. Gen. I.a-Faycltc waa
appointed to receive subscriptions, both from the Ante
riennsin Paris and elsewhere, and remit them to the
Polish authorities, lie kindly accepted the office; and,
in a brief note to Mr. Cooper, declared ilas his deter
mination to claim lie right of American citizenship,
and become himself one of the subscribers. The amount
collected in Paris, wa9 Six Thousand and Three Hundred
Francs. With such an example before them, and in
such a cause, the feelings of all true Americans cannot
but be enlisted. Let us then awake from the apathy
which enshrouds us, and each throw in his mite, that
the means, at least, may not be wanting to liberale a
long enslaved, but high-minded and chivalruua nation.
TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
Your countrymen nt Paris venture to ad
dress you in behalf of the anrient republic of
Poland. Tlicir position, comparatively naur
the scene of a disastrous war, their means of
intelligence, and a desire to bn useful, form
their chief title to your attention ; us they
: come, however, the advocates of humanity,
they forget the smallness of their number,
and urge their requests with the confidence of
men familiar with your philanthropy.
The necessity of order and of defenco has
given htrth to nations. In the course of ages,
families swell into communities, aud from the
intimate relations of origin, language nnd usa
ges, aro derived the feelings and interests
which bind a people together. Next lo the
tie of blood, that which unites man to his
country is the strongest. The sentiment of
patriotism is otnong the purest that adorns
hiimnn nature, and experience has shown that
it cannot ho destroyed without bringing with
its loss a moral debasement that disqualifies
its subjects for all aspiring and noblo enter
prises. In every case in which distinctive
character nnd habits havo been formed by
social organization, national existence seems
nearly ncccssury lo national virtue. Conquest
falls upon a people like a blight, cheeking the
curreuls of ilt generous ambition, and wither
ing its hopes for nges. We cannot find nn
extensive territory which has been brought,
hy violence, from the high condition of u
Slate, to llto oupendant lot of a Province,
bitd administration. The restrain!* that at( ,
necessary to secure nn ill-gained ascendancy,
and the impositions which the weak sustain
from the strong, are among the more obvious
evils of the calamity. To these must be ad-
ded, the downward tendencies of defeat, per
sonal humiliation, and personal corruption,
with their train of depressing consequences.
Such a fate, befalling the smallest community,
would he entitled to—and we are certain
would awaken—your pity ; but when Poland
was overcome, the fifth power in Qltrislendom
w as trodden upon. There are circumstances
ol unmitigated wrong, of peculiar aggravation,
that must he added to the picture. The crime
of Poland teas loo much liberty ; her indepen
dent existence, in the vicinity of those who
Imd reared their thrones on arbitrary will, was
nol lo he endured. Fellow citizens, neither
the ancient institutions nor the ancient practi
ces of Poland liuvo been understood. The
former had, in common with all Europe, the
inherited defects uf feudal practices, hut still
were they among ihe freest of this he mis-
phrre. The lallcr, as ever lies beon. and as
ever will hu Ihe case, until mun shall general
ly enter into the possession of those rights of
which he lias so long been deprived by poliij.
cnl combinations und lettered monopolies,
tvero calumniated and distorted to serve the
ends of the few who desire to live on llie 'oil
of Ilio many. Poland wus accused of faction
und unarehy. Tho fren transmit their errors
and fhoir virtues lo posterity, ns Ihe compan
ions of tlicir greatness, while the sluggish vi
ces of thu slave sleep in the eternity of Hie ob-
scure. We hear of Ihe factions of tho Greek
republics, while we search in vain for even
Ihe names of most of their contemporary
despotisms. Bui wo need not examine tiie an
nals of antiquity in order lo estimate Ihe value
of these calumnies, or lo investigate their mo
tive. Peoplo of America ! You too are accu
sed of living in tho midst of anarchy and law
less confusion—you are said lo he tired of li
berty, you are reviled as forgetting God. you
arc quoted as pining for a monarchy I Wlmt
you know to he fulse, as respects yourselves,
was, with the exceptions incidental lo the dif
ferences in fiiq ages und the governments, nl
so false in respect to Poland. With tho liber
ty of Poland fell Ibo sovereignty of tho Slate
itself. Nor was this all; allegiance was not
only transferred, but it was divided. Pole can
be summoned, at the word of his master, to
contend with Pole, nnd in this very war of ex
istence, all the deep sentiments connected
with ihe past ore liable to ho violated to up
hold the detested mid pernicious sway of
strangers.
Tliero was warning but a single aggrava
ting circumstance to render the partition of
this fine country moro odious, and, unhappily,
this too is to be enumerated among its suffer
ings. When Poland wus subdued, hy far Ihe
larger portion of her territory becamo subject
to a peoplo less advanced in civilization than
her own citizens. She was, thus, excluded
from the only solaco of defeat, and was doom
ed to witness the gradual decay of those arts
und opinions which form the basis of national
prosperity.
Against the injustice of their lot, and the
further accumulation of their manifold wrongs,
the Poles linve arisen before God and man.
They hnvu proclaimed their sufferings ; luey
Imvo asserted their rights; aud nobly havo
they staked every worldly interest on the is
sue. Uuder the most adverse and dishcarten-
circuinstnuces, they have shown them
selves worthy of their high descent. Cut off
from the sea, environed hy a specious neutrali
ty, and deserted by nil but thetr courage, und
tho surred justice of their cuusc, they have
elevated the struggle from an insurrection to a
war. We malto no appeal in the spirit of
propagundism; Warsaw, tho government of
the country, and all tho essential immunities
of sovereign power, are already regained ; aud
heforo Russia can ever again rule in Poland,
Russia must again conquer Poland.
The constancy with which this heroic na
tion has clung to its recollections, its martial
promptitude m arising in its own defence, and
its entire frankness and dignity, since it has
resumed tho sword, excite our esteem. The
Kingdom is a camp ; its men aro in the field,
its women in the hospitals. While, ia his own
case, neither person nor means are withheld
from tho public necessities, tho Pole disdains
deception; ho sees the danger, he proclaims
it, and he meets it as becomes the Pole.
Peoplo of America! Of all the nations of
the earth you are most favoured. You dread
no enemies ; you anticipate no famines ; you
hold at command every bounty which a bene
ficent Providence Ims lavished upon man,
Tho self-denial and hardships of your ances
tors nro requited to their descendants in a ten
fold return of peace, security and happiness.
To you, then, do wo apply, to contribute
from your abundance to the urgent wonts of
this wronged nation. Remote from tho scenes
of this hemisphere, you aro not familiar with
the great advantages you possess, nor with the
moral power you wield. Tho religious eman
cipation of millions has quite recently been ef
fected, mare by a strong exhibition of your
feelings, than from any other cause. Your
great example is silently wearing away the
foundations of despotism. That moral ascen
dancy, ot which others boast, you exercise,
and oxerciso only, bccauso you are the true
repositories of the persecuted rights of human
nature. Be not, then, unworthy of your trust,
by coldly withholding yourselves from an ex
hibition of your real sentiments. Remember
that not a freeman falls, in the must remote
quarter of tho world, that you do not lose o
brother who enlisted in your own noblo enter
prise. Your gold wilt assuage many griefs,
heal many wounds, purchase much relief from
suffering and sorrow ; but your sympathy will
be dearer than all. Lot it not be said, that
while cold and heartless traffickers in human
rights are combining their means to over
whelm twenty millions of men, struggling ond
ikmc csu»e; but alas, not at successful as our d-sirrs w hich doer nol funi:-[i qjanifes* iron fit of its worthy tn bo freo. that thirteen million*, qni