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TTSL. XT.
THR lIORGIA JPFIMNI4N.
16 t-OBUSIIKD KVF.BY THUIISUAY MORNING
BY WILLIAM CLINE,
At Two Dollar* and Fifty Cents per an
nnm, or Two Dollars paidßin advance.
A.)VRRTISEMKNTS are inserted at O.Vfe’
liOTJ .Vl per square, (or the first insertion, and
FIFTY CENTS per square, for eaeli insertion
thereafter. *
A reart“*t- .* deduction will be made to those
who adrertt t l*v the year.
AH a<*oiti*einentg not otherwise orderot!, will
hemrtin'.etl lilt firt>id.
irT 5.91.F.S OF MUS'D S tv Administrators,
K*.<-itor or OosfWhiTMMrre renoired tv law to he
held on the firsl Tuesday in the month, between
th.* hours o’ ten in the forenoon and three in tin
afternoon, at the Court-House, in the county in
m hieh flu* ‘and is situated. Notice of these sale,
iniiiit he jfiven in a public gazette FORTY D*lY&
pr***ios to f he day of sale.
SdLES OF NEGROES must he mndeot p;il>
lie auction on the first Tuesday ul the month, he
tween the usual hours of sale, at the place of pub
lie sales in the county where the letters Testa
-•lentnry, of Administration or Guardianship mu
have t een granted; first emu” FORTY /V? 1
notice thereof in one of the public gazelles of th
S*a*i. ami at the court house whercsiuh salearsi
to b* held.
Not : ce for the sale of Porsonnl Property must
l.? given in like manner FORT\ D.l\S previous
* tin* dav of sale.
Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an estate
iimsi he published FORTY D.QYS.
Notice th..! application will he made to the Courl
Ordinary for i.kavk to sf.i.i. I.and unlit be pub
ish-d for TirO MONTHS,
Notice for i.f.avk to sf.i.i. NF.nnoFS must he
published TWO MONTHS before any order al>-
sohtte shall he made thereon lv tin* Court.
CIT.iTIO.YS for Letters of Administration
••list be published THIRTY Pays; for Dismission
Pum Administration, mokthi.y six months; for
Dismission from Guardianship, forty oay.
Kule for• he Forechisurc of Mortt'iige must ho
published mokthi.y for four months, estnh
i<h-ng loo* papers, tor tlie full space of tiirf.k
months: for compelling titles from I'.xcciiTors or
•dmini sirators.wlieie a bond has been given o
•111- dec eased Hie f ilH apace ol TlinF.F. month*
FOREIGN NEWS. ___
Additional Foreign Kcws by ttio
Baltic.
The Baltic, from Liverpool, arrived at
New York on Tuesday afternoon, bring
ing advices from London and Liverpool to
the 22d ult. The secret communications
respecting Turkey, which were made by
the Emperor of Russia to the English go
vernment, with the replies returned to
them, had been laid before Parliament.
A London letter in the New York Ilcr
a-d, says:
A considerable sensation has been crea
ted in Paris, in political circles, and the
wn.-ation will spread to all Europe by the
publication of a pamphlet at Paris, called
“The Map of Europe.” 1 believe that
thero is no doubt but that it was writ
ten by Louis Napoleon. It was published
by his private publisher, and then, on se
cond thoughts, suppressed Not more
than two or three copies escaped. One
found its way info the hands of the Paris
correspondent of the Morning Chronicle,
and it was published in cxlenso in the
4 hroiiiclc of to day
It is iu every respect a most curious
document—it is iu fact a remodelling of
the map of Europe, cutting down Russia’s
power to narrow limits. The document
is so important that I annex it in extenso.
Louis Napoleon proposes to restore
Finland to Sweden, to give Poland to
Prussia as a kingdom under the sovereign
ty of Prussia, to give Lombardy to Pied
mont. Iu indemnification for the loss of
Lombardy, he proposes giving Moldavia
and Bessarabia to Austria-the Ottoman
empire to have the whole of the Crimea
and the trans-Caucasian countries in Asia.
France and Englaud not to have any ad
ditional territory. It is a bold scheme and
meets attention.
The Loudon papers publish the secret
and conlideutiul documents that have pass
ed lietwcen the British government and
their Ambassador ut St. Pctersburgh,
since the commencement of the present
year. The documents are voluminous,
lilling seven or eight columns of type, and
are of much interest, as they relate, in di
alogue shape, the conversations between
the Emperor Nicholas and Sir G. 11. Sey
mour, the English representative at Con
stantinople. In one of these conversa
tions the Emperor distinctly intimated
that interests (meaning the action ) of
Russia and Austria wera identical iu the
Eastern question, and, further, that
France was endeavoring to embroil Eu
rope in war in the East, in order to ad
vance objects of her own—among other
things to obtain possession ot Tunis.
In talking of the position of the Turk
ish Empire, Nicholas said he would con
sent to give up Egypt and the Island of
•Jandia to England, while Russia would
keep the protectorate of the Principalities,
Scrvia, and Bulgaria. In connection with
these documents is ulso published a memo
randum of Count Nesselrode, scut for ap
proval to the British government, and
founded on communications from Nicho
las subsequent to his visit to England in
i344. The drift of the last named memo
raaduin is, t hat Russia and England hav
ing a preponderance, the former by land
and the latter by sea, in the. affairs of Tur
key, should come to an understanding
how to divide the spoils in the eveut of
the Turkish Empire “crumbling to pieces.”
Kusssiu and Austria, being in unison, the
Czar considered that if England’s adhe
sion could be gained, France would be
compelled to submit to their views.
*lic EmpvrOr Nicholas will Re
fuse.
From Vienna, under date Sunday eve
ning 19th, the following is telegraphed:—
A Russian courier who arrived here on the
16th, brought despatches to the effect that
Russia will positively refuse to evacuate
the principalities. Something of extreme
importance wa3 probably settled the day
before yesterday between this government
(Austria) aud Prussia, as a member of
tho Prassiau embassy went to Oderburg
by special train; this was after a Confer
.rtoe between Count Buol aud the Prus
; ian Minister.” It is stated from Berlin,
i 9th, that the Czar hud replied—“the pro
posal of the Western Powers does tot re
quire fire minutes consideration—it is re
fused!”
The War—The Baltic-
Sir Charles Napier’s fleet was at Win
j Sound the 15th. It is said that the
.•gates and vessels of the second class will
ter the Baltic by the Sound, and the
larger vessels by the Great Belt. The
English ships have app'ied to engage sixty
Prussian Pilots at Swinueraundc, fStet
tcn.]
The Borscnhello states that the British
Vice Consul at Kiel has received informa
tion that Napier’s fleet will come to that
Port.
A force of 27,000 Russians is on the
way to strengthen the garrison of Revel.
I lie commander of the troops at Revel
had proclaimed that probably the town
will be bombarded by the English and
French. Women and children were, there
fore, advised to quit the city.
The Black Sea.— The British steamer
Furious, and the French steamer Vauban,
has been near euough to Sebastopol to sec
a boom extending across the harbor, and
to count six ships cf the line guarding the
entrance, with four more in the creek, be
sides several frigates and brigs The
Russians arc preparing to block the
mouths of the Danube, by stretching
chains across the river.
Two Austrian ships of war were at
Beycoz, and three others were expected.
On the Danube. —To the present time
the Russians have made no formal at
tempt to take Kalefat, and, so far a*
appearances indicate, will not at present
do so. Their plan of operation now seems
to be to throw a force into the mountain
ous part of Bulgaria, and endeavor to
raise the Rayah population, proceeding on
the supposition that Kalafat, being a fix
ed advanced post, will absorb a large pro
portion of the Turkish force, thus lea ving
the country behind comparatively unde
fended.
Drs. Fauveo aud Mongery, who, it may
be remembered, were dispatched by the
government on a tour of medical inspec
tion to the Turkish army of the Danube,
had returned to Constantinople, and made
a favorable report of the health of the
troops.
Gen. Burgcyno and Col. Ardant had
returned to Constantinople, having traced
the plan of an entrenched camp on the
European side of the narrowest point ol
the Dardanelles. It will be completed
ere June. Another camp is to be traced
out on the road to Airianople.
Iu future, foreign officers are to be free
lj received into the Turkish service, but
only in their actual military rank, and at
the same rate of pay as Turkish officers of
equal grade.
A proclamation (fetoah) of the Sheik
nl-Islam, to define the position of the
Christians, was daily expected; Fro
quont conferences had taken place on the
subject of granting equality of civil rights
to the Christians.
From Asia.
A report of the capture of a Russian
Convoy with treasure to pay the troops at
Kara had reached Constantinople.
The Greek Insurrection*
Faud Effeudi had arrived at Janina,
charged with power to deal with the insur
rection. His first act, on arrival, was to
grant a general amnesty, aud to remit a
part of the taxes; his next to send a mes
senger to Athens to demand an explana
tion from the Greek government.
Although some restlessness is still appa
rent, the imurrection may be considered
over.
Kngland.
The Righ's of Nations—Discussion of
Privateering — on Colored Seamen in j
South Carolina —Extensive Forgeries, ’
4* c *
Parliament, on Friday, 17th, had under
discussion a motion by Mr. Gibson to ad
dress the Queen, praying her Majesty to
give special instructions to the officers of
British cruisers to abstain from interfering
with neutral vessels on account of any
goods not contraband of war that they
may have on board; and to direct the
Ministry to consider the policy of enter
ing into treaty stipulation with foreign
countries, on the principle that free ships
shall make free goods aud the neutral flag
give neutrality to the cargo. Mr. Gib
son’s object was to define the position of
Britain with respect to neutrals. He
strongly urged the nonSexercise of the
power of searching neutral ships for ene
my’s property. The question as to the
right of search had already engaged Bri
tain in war. Mr Horsfall in seconding
the motion, called the attention of govern
ment to the kindred subject of privateer
ing and letters of marque. Lord John
Russel replied that it was the intention of
the government to advise the Crown be
fore hostilities took place, aud hoped
shortly to issue, in some shape or other,
a document, declaring their policy iu the
matter; but it was obvious that a docu
ment of this kiud, involving questions of
policy as well as law, required very great
care iu wording. Any incautious expres
sion might be attended with serious conse
quences.
Mr Bright observed that Lord John
Russel had tak 3:l no notice of the latter
part of the motion, the importance of
which as respected the United States of
America, he pressed very strongly upon
the government. Lord John Russel ad
mitted the great importance of the subject.
Mr. Gibson then withdrew his motion.
Numerous vessels on the stocks are be
ing hurried towards completion, and a
countless number of small craft are ship
ping bread, beef, spirits and other supplies
for the force in the Mediterranean. On
shore all the men and horses—especially !
in the artillery arm—are being assembled
aQspots convenient for embarkation
The French ambassador at London
gave a banquet on the evening of the 21st,
to the Duke of Cambridge, Lord Raglan,
and the other British officers of tlxo staff
ordered to the East.
A ease bearing some resemblance to the
Gardiner case lias occurred iu London.
Frederick A. Molyns, formerly a member
of Parliament, was committed to prison on
a charge of forging powers of Attorney,
and obtaining £1,500 from the Bank of
England. Being unable to procure fbail
he was committed, aud was found dead iu
his cell. A coroner’s Jury rendered a
verdict of natural death.
Sir Charles Napier is said to have laid
a wager of £2,000 that he will take Cron
stadt in less then twenty four hours after
the first shell is thrown into the port—To
day he is expected at Copenhagen.
Russia
Tht armaments of I’ usj a on the Baltic
THE GEORGIA JEFFERSONIAN.
GRIFFIN, (GA.) THURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 20, 1854
are on an immense scale, and hard blows
will take place. The Russian navy can,
to say the least, show fight. The follow
ing statement is, I believe, reliable:
The entire marine of Russia is collected
at two stations on the Baltic and Black flea
Os these, that of the Baltic i< divided
into three sections, and that of the Black
s>ca into two. But this does not include
the various gunboats and small craft./
Each division of the fleet consists usually,
of one three-decker, .eight two-deckers’
six frigates, one corvette and flvo smaller
vessels Thus, the Baltic fleets would
number twenty seven vessels of the line,
including three three-deckers, eighteen fri
gates, and fifteen corvettes, brigs and
smaller vessels, besides a considerable
number of steamers. That of the Black
Sea, on the other hand, will amount to
eighteen vessels of the line, and among
them three three-deckers, besides twelve
frigates, ten corvettes and several steam
ers. Hence the Russian marine amounts
iu all to forty five vessels of the line, thir
ty eight frigates, five corvettes, and twen
ty brigs, besides the very considerable
force cf steamers and gunboats, which
the Russian exposition places at 400 to
500 vessels. The aggregate of the Rus
sian crews is given at 50,009 men,
30,000 belonging to the Baltic, and 19,-
000 to the Black Sea fleet. The grand
Russian three deckers are the Russia, of
130 gnus: the Twelve Apostles, of 120
Admiral Prince Menseaikoff is at the
head of the naval staff, the Grand Duke
Constantine is high Admiral of the Rus
sian fleets; You Kolsakoff aud Yon Ri
cord also admirals Among the vice ad
mirals are persons named Glaseness, Kat
secholoff, Yon Berg, Count Heyeder, Von
Lutgc, Putin tin, Karniloff, Nachimoud,
Yon Plater, &c.
Her land preparations on the Gulfol
Finland are immense. The Emperor in
person, accompanied by the Grand Duke
Constantine, has just visited all the for
tresses, the three principal ones of which
are Cronstradi, Grietnbaum, and Hes
singfors. Toe corps of guards and gren
adiers, the first mustering 36,550 effec'-
ive infantry, 13,290 cavalry, with 2,000
sappers, 3.000 artillery, and 116 field
pieces; and the second the same number
of infantry, sappers and artillery, with
5, i2B cavalry and 112 field pieces, or a
total of 73,000 elite infantry, 19,000 ca
valry, 6,000 artill ery, and 4,000 sappers,
making a general total of 101,000 in round
numbers, are destined to garrison the
strongholds, liom Apo, in Finland, to the
Gull of Livonia. 1 hese will he support
ed by the special Finland corps of 14,000
men, and by the numerous veteran and*
garrison battalions, called -“lnward
Guards,” of which there are about six
battalions of 1,000 men each, in the dis
tricts from St Petersburg to Riga, inclu
sive; so that, at the smallest computation,
toe effective force disposable between
Abo and Riga amounts to 129,000 men,
with 260 field pieces.
It is said, that the second corps d’ar
viie, hitherto occupying Poland, has re
ceived orders, and will commence its
inarch to the East forthwith. It is to be
r eplaced by the first corps, occupying at
present the government of Minskand and
by par! of t'-.e cops ofgunrds. Nearly the
whole of the frontier governments of Rus
sia, from Finland to the Prussian fiontiers,
and thence from Poland to Bessarabia
and the Crimea, have been placed under
martial law, by a ukase of the 6.h in
stant. In addition to the forces above
mentioned, sixty battalion of reserve,
consisting of the fifth battalion of as many
infantry regiments, have been completed,
and are in readiness to move.
The fact a:one of these immense pre
parations will serve to convince any one
that Nicholas will show fight, aud from
the Baltic to the B.ack Sea, there may
soon be heard one continuous roar of ar
tilerv. 1 believe that Denmark, Sweden
and Norway will declare for France and
England at the first outbreak. Large
sums have been vote I m their respective
Pcitiiaments.aimost u y, tor ar- i
my and navy. The Prussian (J lumbers
have likewise voted thirty millions of dol
lars for warlike preparations, and tiie Sar
dinian Chamber the sum of thirty millions
of francs.
Italy. —The Prince Lucion B maparte
had been cordially received by the King
of Sardinia. The Prince has gone to Mi
ln T
lhe Mayor of Genoa has issued a cir
cular requesting the citizens to forward
to him the names of all those who fell in
184 S-9 fighting for Italian independence.
It is intended to register their uaine* on
a monument.
From (he Savannah R ‘publican.
The English aud ZStissiua Private
Confab about Turkey.
The secret correspondence between the
Cabinets of London and St. Pctersburgh,
or rather between Lord John Russell and
the Emperor Nicholas, through Sir Ham
ilton Seinour, on the subject of Turkey,
has been laid before the British Parlia
meat, and is repub'ished in this country,
from London papers, per Baltic.
It is so highly interesting, we would be
pleased to publish it iu cxlcnso ; but that
being impossible, on account of it extra
ordinary length, wo have simply read it
attentively with a view to presenting the
pith of it, in a few words, to our readers.
The first document is a memorandum
by Count Nesselrode, (the Russian Di
plomat,) prosented to the British govern
ment prior to the Czar’s visit to England
in 1844, in which are set forth in a con
densed form, the views of Russia, and her
desires in regard to the Turkish Empire.
The other documents cover a space of
time embraced by January 11 th, and A
pril 21st, 1853. They consist of letters
trom the British Envoy at St. Pctersburgh,
Sir Hamilton Seinour to Lord John Russel,
reporting private conversations had with
Nicholas, and enclosing two memoranda
of his, to which official replies were made
by the British Cabinet.
_ The Emperor Nicholas speaks of the
Turkish Empire figuratively, as a sick
man, whose death at any time would not
be surprising, but upon which most mo
mentous consequences hinged; and he ur
ges upon Englaud, that the disposition ol
the dead man’s estate nearly concerned
her and himself—therefore, he would be
glad to have England come to an under
standing with him, as to what would be
done upon the demise of the invalid—that
is, Turkey.
H* owns that the Empress Catharine,
and the Emperor Alexander, his prede
cessors, entertained great schemes of Rus
sian aggrandizement. But he disclaims
these views on his own part, and distinct
ly declares that his empire is large enough
already, and that itc greatest danger “is
additional extension He declares that
lie does not desire to hold Constantinople
himself, but that neither France nor Eng
land shall hold it, so long as he has a mus
ket, and a man to carry it. If either of
these three nations held the Porte, the
power thus gaiued would destroy the equi
librium of Europe, and therefore he will
neither take it himself, nor see it taken. —
lie desires to keep it in its present feeble
hands if possible; but in the event that
those hands should prove too weak to re
tain it—an event whisk he looks for at
any moment—then it becomes the mani
fest interest of Englaud and Russia, to
keep France out of it, and to make such
arrangements as will preserve the balance
of power at its present status. To that
end he suggests, that should Turkey fill,
the principalities, already independent of
Turkey, and under Russian protect'on,
should remain as they arc; Servia and
Bulgaria to be put oil the same footing,
and England to take Egypt and the Isle
of Candia. This, he considers, would be
all that was necessary to preserve the c
quilibrinm of Europe.
In support of his fears that Turkey has
not long to live, le urges the schemes of
France against Turkish integrity, the dan
ger from other external attacks, and the
1 internal rebellious elements, among which
Greek Christianity is most to be dreaded.
In fine, he declares plainly, his implicit be
lief in the speedy fall of Turkey. He does
not desire it; he will help to avert it; but
above all he would not be unproparod for
it.
A prominent feature of the Czar’s posi
tion must be noticed. He all along insists
upon religious freedom to the Greek Chris
tians, under his protection; declares that
cruelty or oppression to them will be for
him good cause for war, much as he de
pt ecatcs it; and he strenuously urges the
necessity of securing protection to the
Greek Christians, which he says can easi
ly be done by proper exertions, on the
part of the several European Cabinets—
by simply giving the Sultan to understand
that unless he acts properly towards this
portion of his subjects, he cannot hope to
maintain his own sway.
He says that whenever ho speaks for
himself, he speaks also for Austria: her
views are identically with his own; and iu
the event of his death, or abdication, his
son, who will succeed him, has been fully
instructed to continue his father’s policy,
and will do so. ,
We have thus briefly given the views of
the Emperor of Russia,’ and we must do
him the justice to say, though it conflicts
with our own hastily expressed opinion, of
last week, that so far as this correspond
ence shorn , there is no evidence of a ;vish
on his part to overrun Turkey—no ambi
tion, no selfishness, no grasping; but sim
ply a prudent desire to prepare for con
tingencies which he firmly believed would
occur. Whether he is sincere in this or
not, we cannot say. He has invaded the
principalities we know; bathe said from
the first that lie would do so, if the Chris
tian inhabitants were unjustly treated.
He assumes that such has been the case,
aud upon this point the wrong or right of
his action hinges.
Now for England’s reply. She says,
that she differs m tolo from Russia’s views
as to Turkey. She does not look upon
the Forte as a sick man, whose death way
at any moment occur. She believes that
such a thing is possible, but not probable;
that the Cabinets of Europe can prolong
the existence of the Turkish Empire by
mild treatment, and firmness witn the Sul
tan; site even considers it possible for
i'urkey to rise from her present degrada
tion, and believes it to be the interest of
Europe to keep iter as she is, or improve
her condition. (Nicholas thinks so too—
but demies the assnmed possibility and
probability—'l’urkey must fall, he says, and
England and Russia must prepare for it.)
She disclaims all desire to increase her
own (the British 1 domain, but agrees that
neither France, Russia nor England should
hold Constantinople. Finally, iu the e
vent of-the fall of the Turkish Empire,
she says:
“The only mode by which a solution ctmlif bo at
tempted would be .that of an European Uongrca*,
but mat only iiiT-*nls an additional reason for de
siring tnal tiie present order of things m Turkey
should be muinUi led, as her Majesty’s govern
ment cannot, without alarm, relicct on tire jeal
ousies that would then be evoked, the Impossibility
ol'reconciling tile different ambitions and the di
vergent interests tliAt would be called into play,
and the certainty that (he treaties of 1815 must be
open to revision, when France might be prepared
to risk the chances of” an ISaropann war, so get rid
of the obligations which lie considers injurious lo
her national honor, and which, having been im
posed by victorious onemi-s, aro a constant source
ofirritatioa to her,”
The sum of the matter is, (wo speak
now in our own behalf) Russia could
not come to terms, becaeso they could not
agree as to tho future of Turkey—the du
ration of that empire. Russia believing
its end near at hand, warns England to
prepare for it England, unwilling to be
lieve with Russia, postpones preparation.
While matters stand thus, Turkey so mal
treats her Christian subjects, (according
to the Czar) that Russia is compelled to
interfere. England considers this an un
warrantable interference—a pretext for de
signs, (which had been expressly denied
by Russia iu private and friendly conver
sation) and demandj of Russia to retreat
from her position. This Russia refuses to
do; Eugland and France unite, and so—
we have the great Eastern war.
The reader will at once perceive that
Russia’s conduct is justifiable or not, in ac
cordance with the provocation received
from Turkey’s mal*treatment of her Chris
tian subjects, and by that he will make up
his opinion for or against the Czar.
We decline at this moment to express
an opinion for ourselves. The origin of
the war has been so befogged by a cloud
of protocols and couriers, and notes and
gunpowder, we muso investigate anew, to
ascertain how badly Turkey has acted to
wards her Christian subjects.
One thing however, is certain—the less
the United States does towards siding
with England and Prance, the better.—
We fear, judging by this correspondence,
that England has taken counsel of her
fears—fears of the fabled empiric-avarice
of Russia, and the French hate of Eng
land; and that afraia of France, and dis
trusting Russia, she has declared herself
not so palpably for the right, as for Great
Britain
But more anon. We shall look into
the invasion of the principalities, nor be
surprised to find that in that matter, Nich
olas has been as gallant as just, as he has
been candid, honorable and liberal, in his
confab with England.
Spauish Affairs.
Unless Lord Clarendon’s declarations in
the English House of Peers are to be ta
ken as unworthy of credit, there must be
a secret understanding between the En
glish, French, and Spanish Cabinets, in
relation to Spanish interests on this side
of the Atlantic. It is said the Adminis
tration is well satisfied that the late pro
ceedings of the Cuban authorities, in seiz
ing the Black Warrior, are attributable
to the assurance of general support from
England and France. The Governor
General of Cuba has been rather prema
ture in his recent demonstrations, if lie
calculates on the support of those powers.
He had better have waited until his secret
allies had cleared their skirts of one quar
rel, before the foundation was laid for an
other. The Washington correspondent
of the Philadelphia American speaks in
this wise:
“•It is now fnlly established that an of
fensive and defensive alliance has been
formed against the United States for the
protection of Spanish interests at Cuba.
The throe great naval armaments of the
three powers are to be used first against
Russia. The next object of the Anti-
American allies is the protection of Mex
co. Santa Anna has received assurances
that if he finds it expedient, at this time,
to sell, for a very large sum of money, an
entirely worthless strip of territory on his
northern frontier, he shall be compensa
ted by the addition of British Honduras
on tiis South, a far more valuable and im
portant province in Mexico. For this
sacrifice Great Britain will receive indem
nity in the shape of an arrangement for
the ultimate payment of the debt due to
her subjects by Mexico; and, perhaps, will
even receive a portion of the money pay
able by tlie United States under the Gads
den treaty.”
Dritisli Assumption—Rights
of Neutrals.
The recent announcement of Lord Cla
'•endori to the Riga merchants, to the eff-ct
that all Russian produce, to whomsoever
belonging, and even in neutral vessels,
would be regarded as lawful prize in the
event of war, was referred to with telling
effect by Mr. Peckharn in the debate in
the House on Fiiday on the six steamer
bill. Tne assumption ofsucth a right as
belonging to the belligerents is charac
teristic of that arrogance which has always
predominated in British councils. Such
an announcement cannot fail to impress
upon every American the fact that the
attempt of Great B.itain to enforce the
doctrine avowed by Lori Clarendon
must involve the United Slates in the
impending struggle. For us to submit
(as remarked by our cotemporary) to so
arrogant a pretension as is here put forth,
and its incorporation in> tbe law of na
tions as one of the rights pertaining to
iiilligeren's, would be virtually to resign
onr independence and abdicate all claim
to consideration as one of the substantive
powers of the earth.
We trust this pretension will not be
passed; the sympathies of our country
men are now probanly with the Western
Powers io their resistance to the aggres
sive schemes of the Russian despot.—
But a bl ovv like the one meditated, aimed
at the independence of all other nations,
and at the property of their subjects or
citizens, could not fail to change all this,
and convert the prevailing sympathy in
to sentiments of energetic and universal
hostility. D res Great Britain propose
to avail herself of the present exigency
to secure a conceded sovereignty of the
seas, and the right to fashion and admin
ister the maritime law of nations accord
ing as her boundless ambition may sug
gest? Certainly it would seem so from
his pregnant announcement. But she
may be assured the experiment she con
templates will prove a perilous one; and
she will be resisted sternly and unflinch
ingly by at least one nation whose good
wilishe may yet have occasion to propi
tiate. The passage of the six-steamer
bill by an overwhelming vote may be
regarded as a significant response to such
pretensions as those announced by Lord
Clarendon.— JVashiugton Union.
Northeru Fauatir.|s?u-
It is very clear that the Nor t tier a Abo-
Ji'.’oiusts arc making another deal eet a
gaimt the Southern States, simply chan
ging their operations from the political ar
ena to the more solemn offices of learning
and religion. Wc copy the annexed arti
cle from a late Millcdgeville Recorder:
Northern Colleges—Southern Ditty.
—Aside from the deep-rooted hostility of
a majority of the people of the North a
gainst the domestic policy of the South,
and their gross misapprehensions and worse
misrepresentations of the true character
of our institutions and people, we have
long felt that self-respect as well as self
interest should prompt us to patronize our
own schools and colleges in preference to
those abroad. In years gone by, parents
aud guardians were somewhat excusable
for sending their children remote from
home to be educated. But not so now.
Wc have at present, in our midst, all the
facilities and appliances requisite to the
attaiument of thorough scholarship; and
had a modicum of the money which has
boen expended by Southerners at North
ern colleges been devoted to the endow
ment of our own educational establishments,
these l’.ieilities would have been greatly in
creased aud our colleges placed upon a
highly flourishing and stable basis.
But with recent alarming ami mortify
ing developments before ns, we feel that it
is the imperative duty of every Southern
man to withdraw his patronage and re
frain from supporting Northern institu
tions. At the North, as at the South,
the board of instruction in their colleges
is mainly composed of clergymen, aud from
late demonstrations at New Haven, and
elsewhere, we regret to say, that these
reverend gentlemen have shown themselves
unfit teachers of Southern youth. They
have mingled largely and excitedly in the
political meetings which have been gotten
up against the Nebraska bill, and contri
buted in no small degree to inflame the
Northern mind with a most bitter and
dangerous sectionalism.
In the New Haven Palladium of the
18th ult. we find an accoun t of an Anti-
Nebraska demonstration, which took place
in that city, and in which several of the
professors of Yale College warmly partici
pated. Among the number were Proses
sors Thatcher, l aylor andSilliman. Prof.
Thatcher denounced the Nebraska bill as
an act of perfidy and a monstrous violation
of public faith; and, waxing both insolent
and sarcastic, asked, “Where is honor?—
Where is chivalry?” In the course of his
remarks, he said: “It has been whispered
in my car that it may not be good policy for
a gentleman connected with the institution
of learning here to make himself prominent
on a question like this. Policy! Shall
an honest man think of policy in such a
crisis? My opinion shall be expressed if the
walls of Yale College were to be made o.s
slid as vacation f rcverP
Dr. Taylor said:
“We have conceded enough and long
enough, to justify us in the conclusion,
that concession is of no further use. Now,
wc must say, no more slavery either in new
territory or new States. Let the North
unite in this, and it can be done. Let
them unite as one man; let them lay aside
all past differences of whig and democrat,
abolition and freesoil, and all that hinders
concert in a common cause—let bygones
be bygones—aud let them gird themselves
to the struggle for the rights and the liber
ty which our constitution gives us. Who
will not do it? Let him answer, and then
put the mark on him.
I said I love my country. How long
this land of my fathers, tne glory of all
lands, shall be continued and blessed, is
not for mo to foresee But, sir, if worst
comes to worst, I could lay off the gar
ments of my profession and put on a sol
dier’s coat in the cause of freedom. ( Tre
mendous and long continued cheering and
shouts of applause.) Or, if I should be
too old—l don’t tliiuk lam yet—l would
bear my part in any way, in prayer and in
worship, or amid the battle and the blood.
If disunion comes then will civil war come
—and then, having strength, 1 will go to
the Throne of Grace with prayers and
tears for my country, and thence, wiping
these tears, if need be, to battlo and to
death.
Oil, sir, if I, and some others, live not
to see the dreadful day, many there arc
here to-night who may. My young friends,
count on me for one with others. If so
happy, as to attain that better world of
hopes, there, with censors full of odors,
aud with saiuts and with angels, we shall
go up to the throne of God and tho Lamb,
asking, him that sitteth thereon, still to
bless our laud, aud make it the glory of
all lands.”
Professor Silliman said:
“His life was commenced in the midst
of the American Revolution, and he re
membered, as an observer,, the capital e
vents of American history since that epochs
He never before appeared on the political
stage, but considered the present no party
question; he never had much fear from
party feelings, but now he had fear. I am
particularly glad (he continued) to seo to
night the ordinary distinctions on minor
topics thrown aside. The treachery now
(as in the Missouri Compromise) is the
deed of Northern men. VVe should dis
countenance every Northern man who
leans to Southern slavery. Without any
personal hostility, I have seen with the
deepest regret, that Connecticut had been
disgraced by one of her Senators. A
tnau from the north who supports this ne
farious bill is a traitor to his country.—
[Applause ] As the head of a numerous
family, I view this measure with the sad
dest anxiety. What are we to do? All
our first efforts here are peaceable—they
are made at the ballot box wheu tho time
comes to finish the career of men who have
betrayed your interest, let it be finished
forever. Let our only party be a party
of liberty. Repeal will come by and by;
but if not, what then? Ileavon only
knows! But this is to bo resisted at all
events. Dissolution of the Union always
seemed to me wild talk; but the Union
will be dissolved if this thing be done, and
they will do it. I feel in all kindness tg
the South—but, shonld the necessity arise,
I feel like my friend, Dr. Taylor, that 1
could take my part in the contest.”
[Loud applause.]
Now, we ask every Southern man, if a
proper self-respect does not dictate a with
■ drawal of Southern support from iustitu
. tions which are controlled by such malign
and seditious influences? VVe have no de
sire to widen the breach—already too
wide—between the South and the North
by unnecessarily inflaming tho Sonthern
mind; but as faithful sentinels, we feel it
our duty to adviso the Southern public of
passing events in which they are vitally
concerned, and especially to urge upou
every Georgian to patrouiza his own lite
rary institutions.
New Haven Riot. —A serious riot oc
curred at New Haven on Friday evening
between a party of citizens and a party of
Yale College students. Pistols were dis
charged and dirks used freely. A man
named Patrick O’Neal was shot dead.—
Another severely wounded in the leg by
a pistol ball. Mr. R. Schoffeld, passing
at the time quietly up Chapel street, re
ceived a stray ball in his arm The bells
were subsequently rung; two loaded can
non were brought upon the green. The
riot was fully quelled by the city authori
tie, acting in concert with the Collet
Faculty. 1
Mammoth Tree from California
The clipper ship Messenger, which re
cently arrived here from San Francisco,
brought on her deck one of tlic greatest
natural curiosities ti nt could be offered to
the public. It is nothing more nor less
th in a section of the gre it California tree;
the largest single tree that has ever been
discovered in tho modern Eldorado—the
largest in the world. This tree was situ
ated in the South-westerly slope of a hill,
in a soil fifteen feet in depth. Its roots
extended in all directions for more tbau
fifty rods upon the hill side, and down
wards to the depth of the soil. At the
ground its circumference was 92 foet, 4 feet
above that it was 88 feet, and 10 foet a
bove GO feet, and the tapering of the shaft
was very gradual and symmetrical up
wards for 350 feet to its very top. From
actual estimate of its diurnal layers, it Is
more than 3,000 years since this unparal
leled majesty of the cedar was a sapling
in its teens. Then for a large space on
the outer surface next to the bark the
signs of the growth are so thin a3 not to
be distinguished from each other.
The outward dimensions of the main
trunk were about the same as the Ban
ker Hill Monument. From actual mea
surement it contained moro than 300 cords
of wood. A vast labor was reqaired to
level such a mountain of woo l to the earth,
and by incredible tolling with augers, axes
atul saws at its foot it finally fell prostrate;
the crash can neither bo imaginod nor de
scribed; the jar of tho hill was precoived
for miles, as if an earthquake had passed
that way.
Tho ba*o having been ranch burned by
the fires of Indians, it was necessary, in
order to get a perfect section, to chop the
tree entirely through twice. After one
hundred and fifty days incessant labor
this was effected, and the block of ten feet
in length lay severed from the huge pile!
But tho next thing was to transport such
a mass, and by any unavailable means at
hand it was apparently as impossible as
it would have been to move the hill where
it lay. It was finally burned through the
centre; the earth was dug away from one
end and a fire built underneath; which
was left burning for several weeks. An
auger hole made a good chimney, which
was gradually developed by the action of
the fire until tho men could work inside
with their axes. In this manner it was
excavated to within about two feet of tho
outer surface. It was afterwards moved
down the hill with levers for moro than a
mile, drawn 18 miles by oxen to Mentinut,
and theu shipped to San Francisco.
At San Francisco, only about fifty miles
from the placo of its growth, it was the
greatest curiosity ever exhibited. Tho
whole city of men, women and children,
flocked to see it. One hundred faon could
easily stand insido the hollow at the same
time, aiul a six foot man rode a full sized
horso through it without touching his hat
to tho upper surface.
This great cariosity is to be exhibited
in this place for a short time before its re
moval to New York and Boston.— Phila.
Ledgsr.
“President” Walker.
For a month past the accounts respect
ing “President” Walker an! his opera
tions in Lower California, have been a
little perplexed and contradictory. At
one time he and his expedition were con
sidered to be in a very desperate way,
his force reduced to about one hundred
and thirty, and their position and pros
pects were said to bo not at all flourishing
-—with the United States vessels watch
ing him, and prepared to intercept men
and supplies, and with a large Mexican
force, two thousand picked men, the Mex
ican account said—advancing upon him
his last hour seemed about to be at hand.
And whut we regarded as decidedly un
favorable was, that the California news
papers had razeed him from President to
Colonel, then to Captain, and, indeed,
we saw his name mentioned in one of
them coupled with plain Mr. Walker as
though one might say Mr. Nicholas Ro
manoff, or Mr. Louis Napoleon, or Mr.
Santa Auua. Cutting all these things
together, we began to think ourselves,
that the “President” was to fall from his
high eminence of a conqueror of a State
and a founder of anew Republic to tbe
not very enviable condition of a discomfi
ted fugitive and unsuccessful filibuster.
However, unpromisiog as things seemed
o be for “Mr. Walker,” his prospects
have, of late, been improving; and he is
represented to have been, at the last ac
counts, at tho head of a stronger force
than he had ever yet under his command
from three to four hundred men, and
that so far from knocking under, he de
fies Santa Annn, and all his army and
does not seem greatly to fear the United
States itself. 1 lie two thousand picked
Mexican troops who have been march
ing ou him for the last two months have
not yet reached him; it seems, and never
niay.
Now, how is all this matter, apparent
ly a farce, to end finaly? It is altogeth
er impossible to say. Os all tho games
played at, war is one of the most fluctua
ting and uncertain. Law itself is scarce
ly more so, although that is always quo
ted as a kind of personification of uncer
tainty—a nepUs ultra. He whose pros
pects are at the last ebb may, in a day,
or an hour, be again in the ascendant.’
A tight, or a flight, or a march, or a panic,
may change wholly the fortunes of the
parties, and make the loser the winner.—
Until the battle of San Jacinto was won
the affairs of Texas seemed to be in ra
ther a desperate condition, but in one
hour everything was changed. Santa
Anna, from an arrogant conqueror, be
came a badly beaten and used-up com
mander, a prisoner, and a trembling sup
plaint for his life, which he had certain
ly forfeited by his bad faith and cruelty.
I. S. Since the laregoing was put in
type, other accounts represent the affairs
aud fortunes of “President Walker” to he
in a very unpromising state, that his ex
pedition is broken up and his party en
tirely dispersed.— Wash. Utobe.
Santa Anna,, it is said, will not him
self assume the title of Emperor bin as
he has already the right of appointing a
successor, and having no male heir,he ban
designated as lhat successor Augu tine It
urbid
No. 16.