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About The weekly sun. (Columbus, Ga.) 1857-1873 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 20, 1859)
iSdiltr T. DkWOLV K.J. YAUIXGTO2C....T. GILBERT. TIIOS. GILBERT & (U, luclitors and Propidei oi’.s. SUBSCRIPTIONS. For one year, pay able in advance 00 For six niuatin, payable in advance 1 25 ADVJSRTISJSMENTS. Advertisements will be inserted in the V.ei-kly Sun at ouu dollar per square (ten lines or less in nonpareil type,) for the first insertion, and fifty cents for eacli subsequent Insertion of the same. Professional and other cards, not esc< edfng five linos, inserted six months for eight dollars, or for twelve months at fourteen dollars. Announcements of candidates for a time not ex ceeding three months, five dollars; for ail time over three months, at the rate of two dollars per month—pay required in advance. Tuesday September 20, 1859. The amount remitted home by the Irish in America, last year, to assist the immi gration of their friends and relatives hither, is said to be 52,360,000. The State tax paid in Georgia is said to be the lowest in any State of the Union. The tax levied for the support of the State Government is only seventy seven ! cents on the thousand dollars. The Courts of the 81 .> Judicial Circuit of Alabama commenced in Pike county Monday the 12th. Barbour Circuit Court begins the 17th of October, and Return L) ty will therefore be the 27th of this month. As an indication of the unusual activity of the New York Fall trade, it is stated by j a paper of that city, that draymen have j been often compelled to wait twenty-four j hours in aline leading to the Charleston ; and Savannah steamships, and merchants | pay by the hour for such service. Special elections are to by held in three ! Congressional Districts to fill vacancies : occasioned by the deaths of the lion. T. j L. Harris, of Illinois; lion. Cyrus Spinck, ! of Ohio, and lion. Win. 0. Goode, of I Virginia. These gentletnciTliave all died j since their election. The cash transactions for the Otli, at | the New York Sub-Treasury, were as j follows: Total receipts, $97,001 47; to- j tal payments, $77,410 72; leaving a bal- ! ance on hand of $4,054,211 20. The re j ceipts for duties the same day at the j Custom House were $52,700 14. Crops lu Wilcox. The Camden (Ala.) Journal, says every body seems to be actively engaged in gathering cotton. The complaint of short crops on account of the late rains, worms, etc., continues unabated, and a very short crop seems to be expected by ail. Mllledgcville Dailies. The two papers at Milledgeville—the Recorder and Federal Union—havedeter mined to issue daily during the ensuing session es the Legislature. Price of the daily during the session sl, to be paid in advance. The Louisville Courier states that Col, ! Chrisman, Democratic candidate for Con- j gress in the 4th District of Kentucky, in • the late election, has notified Mr. Ander- j son Opposition candidate, who received j the certificate of election, that lie intends ! to contest it. Revival at Milledgeville. The Recorder, of Tuesday, says:— “We have a gracious revival of religion now progressing in the Baptist Church in this city. The spirit of God seems to \ be moving upon the souls of many, mak ing glad the hearts of the ministers and j all God’s people.” From an advertisement of the President of the Alabama and Florida Rail Road, we learn the Company will open au office in Greenville, Alabama, on the first day of October, for the sale of 394,437 acres of land on and near the tract of said road, donated by the government to aid in its construction. The land is to be sold at valuation. Terms—One fourth cash ; j the balance on time, two and three years i credit. + The Lucas Will Case* Decided. The Montgomery Advertiser ol'ycster day says, the Lucas Will case about which so much has been saiJ, was decided in the Probate Court of Lowdnes county on Saturday night. The verdict of the jury sustaiued the will in every particular.— As about half a million dollars is involv- j ed, we presume it will be taken to the Supreme Court. CoS ton Crop of Troup. A letter to the Augusta Dispatch from Troup county, dated Lagrange, Sept. 7, says : “ 1 may differ with you about the j growing crop; I speak of Georgia only; it will be less than the last crop. Troup county will certainly be so ; there is not a planter in this county that I have con versed with but tells me his crop will be less than the last one. The opinions given ten or twelve days since, will not do to depen J on now.” imports of Foreign Dry Goods into Kew York. The imports of dr}’ goods for the week run ahead of the corresponding week in either of the two previous years. The Journal of Commerce of the 10th, says the total entered for warehousing is just about equal to tbe withdrawal for con sumption : For the week. 1557. ISSS. 1559. Filtered at the port.s2,CS4 438 $2,019:13452,097,925 Thrown on market. 1,911,115 2,141.475 2,094.724 Since Jan. Ist. 1857 ISSB. 1559. Futered at port. $7 8 200,450 $43,703,032 $89.027,516 Thrown on m'kt. 75,590 973 60.564.198 88,980,085 It seems to be fated that New Orleans shall not be free from the presence of epidemics. So far the season has beeu un precedentedly healthy, and free from the visitations of the scourge of yellow fever ; but disease, as if abhoring the vacuum, has filled it with an epidemic of suicides, which like accidents seem always to pre vail thus. The Delta of the 10th says, it is adding not a few victims to tbe weekly bills of mortality, and has never before known so many deaths in that city from the same cause. Legislative Nominations. In Dooly county, William Beverly, Esq., lias been nominated for the Senate, an i B. B. Hamilton, Esq., for the House. Mr. Hamilton however, has since with drawn from the contest. In Thomas county, the Democracy have nominated lion. Jas. L. Seward for the Senate, and J. H. Whaley, Esq., for the House. In Baldwin county, Briscoe have been nominated for the Senate, and Robert 11. MsComb for the House. Receipts of Cotton at Galveston. The Galveston Civilian, in its annual statement, says: The receipts of the closing commercial year, at this port, sum up 150,016 bales, being an increase of 31,688 over the re ceipts of the last year, which exceeded the r ceipts of the year previous to the extent of 46,938 bales. The year ending August 31, 1857, however, was not an average, the cr.sp falling 18,908 bales short of the preceeding year. Such, in fact, has been the irregularity of the sea sons, for the past ten years, that it is im possible to fix an exact ratio of increase. VOLUME III.} The Homicide on tsc Nashville ; Since the publication of the card of the passengers on board the steamer Nash ville, the Charleston Mercury has re ceived further information from passen gers on the ship, and residing or remain ing in Charleston. They agree that the McElroy alleged to have been killed by ! the engineer was intoxicated, and per i haps sea sick, and that his cries proceed -1 ed from the agony and delirium of h!s | situation. It does not learn .that Capt. ’ Murray was implicated, save H orn a con i structive'responsibility as master of tire vessel. After the inquest was held, one ! of the jurors waited upon the Attorney General and made an affidavit, stating he was dissatisfied with the verdict. Two laborers of the Nashville were brought before a Magistrate and by their testimony, it appeared that McElroy, on j Monday, left the engine room and went up into the forecastle, where he sat down, holding his head in his hands, complaining that he was sick. The engineer, needing i his services, followed him to the forecas to and ordered him to work. McElroy replied that he was sick. The engineer told him that he was “shamming,” and took him by the collar, and drove him below, with no more abuse than is cus- j tomorary in such cases. McElroy at tempted to work, and went through one watch ; but upon a subsequent watch, gave in and lay upon tbe fioor, the engi neer not allowing him to leave the room. In the evening, however, he was carried above by two firemen, for he had become the attention of the ship’s company was devoted to him. He died during the night. Upon this testimony, the engineer was arrested and bold to bail in the sum of $20,000, which is the present condition of the case. + ■ T3ie Georgia Platform. lion. J. J. Day, formerly Speaker of the lower house of the Georgia Legisla ture, has written a letter expressing his views of the political questions of the day. Among others is the following, giv ing his opinion of the Georgia Platform and the propriety of amending it, so as to make the election of a Black Republi can President, the cause for dissolving the Union: The resolutions known as the Georgia Platform emanated from the people of Georgia in their sovereign capacity, were approved and adopted throughout tho Southern States, and acknowledged to be just and right by a portion of the people at the North. The principles and decla rations laid down in that platform had a most salutary effect; they were looked upon as land marks, by which the people would be guided ; they inspired confidence throughout the country and allayed for a time the feverish excitement previously existing. They said to the northern freesoiler, thus far you can go, but no further.— Their influence reached even the Halls of Congress and exerted an influence there; hence they ought not to be disturbed. The election of a black republican to the Presidency of the United States, under the forms of the Constitution, al though much to be dreaded by the South ern people, would not of itself justify a disolution of the Union. To be successful we must always keep ourselves right and let our adversaries be wrong. If a Black Republican adminis tration should adhere to the provisions of the Constitution and violate none of the principles laid down in the Georgia platform, how could we expect to unite the Southern people in dissolving the Union ? Though we may have but little to hope for from such a quarter, I would say act in good faith and give them a fair trial. When our rights shall be assailed— when tbe Constitution shall be trampled on, and we reduced to the alternative of living in the Union in dishonor and dis grace, or severing the ties that now bind us together, then let cur cry be, dissolu tion in an hour. Comparative Demand for Wlieat Abroad, and at Home. As an evidence of the great demand for wheat at home, and the comparative in significant demand abroad we subjoin the following statistical facts: The total ex ports to Great Britain and other coun tries to the Ist of Sept., 18-50, were j 0,809,284 bushels: to Ist Sept., 1851, 13,708,035; to Ist Sept., 1852, 14,785,- 404; to Ist Sept., 1853, 20,418,407; to ; Ist. Sept., 1854, 21,238,897 ; to Ist Sept., 1855, 25,397,334; to Ist Sept., 1850, 27,- | 827,845; to Ist Sept., 1857, 24,430,014; to Ist Sept., ISSB. 21,646,148; to 18th Aug., 1859, 7,470,428. For tbe last tea years the average ex ports to Great Britain have been 9,127,- 777 bushels; to other countries, 7,050,- 342. For the past ten years the average crop of wheat has been over 150,000,000 bushels, while the average exports have amounted only to 16,778,119 bushels in cluding wheaten flour. Should the ex port demand fail this year the foregoing figures show conclusively that the United States will suffer no serious loss, so long as there is such a demand for cereals at home. “James McKean, a Public School teacher, but believed to be a good man.” The New York Daily News, of the 9th inst.. publishes a list of delegates appoint | ed to represent Tammany Hall in the : State Convention, and gives an analysis !of the personnel of the delegation. The 17th District will be represented by Jas. ! McKean, above mentioned, who the News represents to be “a public school teach er, but believed to be a good man.” The antithesis thus made by the word but, seems to imply that teaching, as a pro fession in 2s ew York city, is below par, or he standard of moral qualification is very low. We often hear the phrase “poor, but honest,” though rarely the expression “ a teacher, but believed to be a good man.” The Nineteenth Century, of the 10th', says Mr. Holcomb's corps 6f Engineers, having completed the preliminary survey of the Fort Valley and Brunswick Bail lload, are now busy in tracing a profile of the country, preparatory to drawing a map of the line. The deepest cut on the whole line is 18 feet, and about 200 feet long, and the highest embankment 25 feet, aud 800 feet long. The whole dis tance surveyed, from Fort Vally to the junction, is i-34 miles. lion. 11. B. Lindsay, formerly Senator from Franklin county, Alabama, is a can didate for Solicitor of the 4th Judic:al b ircuit ot that State. Should he be elect ed, unfortunate individuals on the lower side of the versus will be in a dangerous fix. Juries, also, would come in for a share of compassion, for he is the most flippant and uutinug speaker extant. In this particular, he was the Samford of the Alabama Senate. T he first bale of cotton, of the new crop, received in Liverpool, was sold at It classed Strict Middling, with good staple- Tlie Port of tlie World. Chambers’ Journal has published some interesting facts regarding Liverpool, the greatest sea port of England and of the world. In 1857 nearly one half of all tbe products of England were exported from Liverpool. Out of about $010,000,- 000 of exportation $275,000,000 were from that port. Within four miles of the Exchange the population is at present about 600,000, therateof annual increase being 10,000. In 1857 the property and income tax paid by the inhabitants amounted to $35,000,000; the amount of tonnage brought to that p rt the same year was 030,022 tons,the amount of ship ping entered and cleared the same year was upwards of 0,000.000 tons. Os the vessels which arrived from abroad, the United States sent by far the largest number, viz : 034 ships, of tlie average burthen of more than one thousand tons. Os the 212,875 British emigrants in 1857,” 150,000 sailed from this port; of which number 120,005 came so the Uni ted States. The docks of Liverpool which constitute her pride cover a space of no less than four hundred acres of water along the Mersey. . Increase of Southern Production. A New York cotemporary speaks of the rapid strides which the Southern States have made in agricultural progress du ring the last ten years, as tlie next cen sus will undoubtedly show. In support of this view, it says : In the article of cotton alone they pro duced, during the past year, over three million seven hundred and fifty thousand bales, which, at an average of fifty dol lars per bale, amounts to the sum of one hundred arid eighty-seven million live hundred thousand dollars. Os this tbe American manufacturers have taken over seven hundred and fifty thousand bales, of the value of about thirty-seven mil lions five hundred thousand dollars, and Europe lino taken about three million bales, valued at one hundred and fifty million dollars. If to this export of one hundred and fifty million dollars in cot ton we add the exports of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1859, at the same figures they stood at in the official report made up to the same time last year, though they probably have been nearly twenty five per cent, larger, we shall find that the exportable value of southern products will stand as follows: (Quantity. Value. Cotton, bales, to Sept. 1,1869.3,000,000 $150,000,000 Tobacco, bhiis, to June 30,’58. 127,670 16,500,000 Rice, tierce?, “ “ .. 04,015 *1 . “ barrels, “.. 49,263/ E 8705 ' 8 Naval stores, ros. & tur., bids. 578,573 | „, cn tar & pitch, - . 42,475/ 1 -064,759 Total $169,435,367 Electricity ami Priatlng. That subtle fluid, electricity, to which it is commou to refer for a satisfactory solution of all natural phenomena, has been introduced to a considerable extent in this country as auxiliary to the “art preservative.” The Scientific American, after a successful career of fourteen years, commenced anew series the first of July last, having every number electrotyped. This process enables the publisher to fur nish, in future years, back numbers and volumes. That paper states that so great was the demand after the begining of the new series, that two extra editions of several preceeding numbers had to be fur nished to supply it. It is now regularly printed from the copper plates of the electrotyper ; and while one number is undergoing this process, . the types from which the mould was taken are in the hands of compositors for the next impres sion. items from the Eufaula Sqirit of the South: An Abolitionist Bode on a Bail.— A young man recently imported from the North, but of foreign birth we are in formed, was rode out of town on a rail on Saturday night, on account of repeated ■expressions of abolition opinions, in dulged in after being warned that a per sistence in such conduct could not be tolerated. He was released on the other side of the river, as black as the sable friends, whose favor he was seeking The Weather and the Crops. —From all quarters we hear of disasters to the cotton crop. In some places boll worms, in others rust does the mischief, while the shedding has been every where un usually great. There can be no ques tion that what once promised to be an overwhelming crop has been most se riously cut off. The weather of the past week has been dry and hot and has made a good rain greatiy to be desired. ♦ The New York Day Book learns by conversation with a western merchant who has the means of knowing, that busi ness generally throughout ail tlie western States is very dull, and the people are greatly discouraged. In some of the counties in lowa the wheat crop is tur ning out bad, frequently not over eight bushels to the acre—in Illinois the corn crop is backward, in consequence of the coldness of the season, and a disappoint ment. in the crop is felt. The debts they owe they see no means of paying at pres ent, and on the arrival in New York, a .merchant hailing from the “West” is looked upon with suspicion, unless he has a good supply of cash in his pocket to liquidate old balances. The “high feather” the South is now, and the great amount of trade with that portion of the country, makes the “West” still more in significant, by contrast, in the eyes of the commercial classes of New York city. Arrangements are being made by the directors of several of the New York City Bail Roads to test the practicability of applying steam for running cars. A four horse steam engine is in process of con struction for this purpose, and will be completed in about two weeks. On the Ist of September there were re ceived at the depot of the Virginia aud Tennessee Bail Road nineteen loaded cars, consisting of 2,740 bushels of wheat, 42,- 000 pounds of tobacco, and 50,000 pounds of miscellaneous freight. The Jacksonville (Fla.,) Herald has learned that Col. Ilonston, President of the Georgia and Pensacola Rdil Road, has succeeded in purchasing iron sufficient to lay the entire track to Lake City, and that the work is progressing with energy. The friends of Dr. Foster, who shot Dr. Choppin in New Orleans on the 27th u!t., received ad ispatch Friday, from his brother, W. L. Foster, Esq., stating that he had been discharged, no prosecutor having appeared against him. So says the Nashville Union. A Large Mail. The Overland Mai! from San Francisco, which arrived at St. Louis on the 2d inst., brought to that Post Office 4,771 letters, with postage duties of $-517.10. Advices from Sait Lake City, received at St. Louis, Sept. 10th, say that A. T. Hooper has been elected to Congress, as successor to J. M. Bernhisel. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1859. Politics and the Judiciary. Several citizens of Kent county, Mary land, including Senator Bearce, have ad dressed a letter to Judge Carmichael re questing him to become a candidate for Circuit Judge, irrespective of party no mination. This action is worthy of universal imi tation If there is an office that should be independent, and untrammeled by party obligations, it is the office of the representative of justice. While the in stances of judicial corruption are few and far between, nothing is more calculated to increase them than the dangerous po licy of making party nominations for ju dicial offices. “lam a man, and noth ing which pertains to man is foreign to me,” is a maxim applicable to incum bents of all offices, secular and ecclesias tical. Let then the sacred l ights of life, liberty and property, be hedged around by every safeguard, to secure which, it is essential that the judicial ermine should be unstained by the dust of the political arena. This reformation can be easily effected by the influential men of politi- j cal parties, who owe it as a duty to them selves and the country, to discard poli tics in judicial elections. Bieut. Mowry. The San Francisco Herald publishes a report of the proceedings of a Convention Held at Tueson, Arizona Territory, to en dorse the course of Lieut. Mowry, Dele gate to Congress from the Territory. He was re-nominated for Congress, and as the people of Mesilla Valley have done i the same thing, it is believed he will be : elected without opposition. Lieut. Mowry has merited all the con fidence reposed in him, and has distin- j guished himself in his devotion to his constituents, and efforts to extend the j benefits of the laws of the United States j over tho Territory. Congress will doubt less pass a bill at its next session, organ izing it, and should it ever be erected into a State, his efforts in its behalf, while in a condition of Territorial pupil age, will secure him the highest honors, doubtless, in its to bestow. Tlie Democracy’ of Sebraska on Slav ery. At the late Convention of Nebraska Territory, the Democracy put on record the following sentiment, on the question of slavery : “But inasmuch as the legislative power of the Territories extends undeniably to all rightful subjects of legislatiou, no power can prevent them from passing \ such laws upon the subject of slavery, as ; to them may seem proper, and whether such laws, when passed, be constitutional or not, can be finally determined, not by Congress, but by the Supreme Court, on appeal from the decisions of the Territo rial courts.” Mr. William Chambers, of the old pub lishing house of W. & 11.. Chambers, Edin burgh, has purchased and presented to his native place of Peebles, in Scotland, an ancient building in the high street of the place, at a cost of SIOO,OOO. One year has been spent in re-fitting the building, which has been formerly known as Queensbury Lodge. The ceremonies of presentation occupied several days, and over six hundred persons were pres ent, many of whom were old friends of the donor, not seen before by him for twenty years. Coffee Statement <tf New Ojleans. The arrivals of coffee at New Orleans since the Ist of July, up to the 9th inst., amount to 11,872 bags, direct. The arri vals for the same time last year were 40,- 037 bags, making the decrease of imports this year 28,255. The stock in first and j second hands, the 9th, are 8,235; de crease of stock this year 22,199. Stock on band Ist Sept., 1856 40,361 bags. | “ “ “ “ “ 1857 107,218 “ “ “ 1858 82.943 “ “ <• “ -i 1559 9,282 “ ♦ The Savannah Republican learns from j private letters received from Thomasville, j that Col. A. T. Mclntyre has been recom- \ mended by a public meeting in that place, j as a candidate for Congress in opposition to Judge Love. Mr. Mclntyre is represented to be a gentleman of fine talents, but as Judge j Love’s District is regarded as the Gibral- ; ter of Democracy in the State, we pre sume Mr. Mclntyre would not enter into the contest. Business versus Moustaches, The Daily Chronicle, published at New Castle, England, says a well known bank er lately observed that several of his clerks had adorned themselves with mous taches. lie called them all into his pri vate room and said : “Gentlemen, I have no wish to interfere with your private amusements or hobbies, but I must insist upon your moustaches being off in busi ness hours. After sp. m. indulge your hobbies if you choose.” o’ A Raised Note. The Savannah Republican was shown, on Monday last, a bill on the Bank of Savannah, which had been raised from a one to a ten, and was successfully passed upon a gentleman who is in the habit of handling a good deal of money. This, however, says the Republican, was re ceived in a package where only the ends were exposed to inspection, and as the bill passed rapidly under his eye it es caped detection. When a full view is obtained, the discrepancy is very appa rent, as the altered bill has a vignette in the centre of a ship, which is not in the genuine. Washington and Johnson. A letter to the Savannah Republican, from Washington county, dated Sept. 8, thus speaks of the cotton crops in John son and Washington counties: “ The cotton crops in this and Johnson county, generally, will be lessened by the rust. I have seen in the past few days large fields that will not average one bloom to the acre, the grown bolls are mostly open—arid those not grown will open prematurely, which will dete rioate tbe lint. Judging other neighbor hoods by this, the cotton crop of Georgia will be short. Those who have planted new lauds will make good crops.” John M. Gray, Esq., says the Mail of the 13th, commences the location of the Montgomery and Eufaula Rail Road to day, (14th.) He is accompanied by an efficient corps of engineers. The Mail thinks it is the intention of the Directors to “break ground”* in less than two months, if everything works right. ■ Free Barbacue and Public Speaking Yve have been requested to announce that a free barbacue will be given at Ge neva, Ga., on Friday, the 10th. Mr. Hardeman, the Opposition candidate for Congress, and other speakers will address the people. The public generally are in vited to attend. Hon. 51. Li. Bouhaiu’s Better. This gentleman, uow the solitary liviug representative of opposition to the Con ference Bill” in the last Congress, has ad dressed a letter to the Daily Charleston Mercury stating succinctly, but fully, his views of the opposite constructions of the Kansas Bill. The discussion cf Squatter Sovereignty and its opposite has thoroughly elucidated the question, and be rejoices that there can be no more danger cf “cheating” or “being cheat ed,” unless the South chooses to be de frauded. If it be true that a handful of squatters from the teeming population of Europe, and of the cities of the North, poured by Emigrant Aid Societies into the Territories can exclude slavery by unfriendly and hostile legislaiiuii, and Congress be impotent to intervene for its protection, then would the Kansas Bill be what its author is charged with saying what it was—“ The best free soil measure ever adopted by Congress?” The advocates of Squatter Sovereignty concede there is no power in Congress to legislate slavery into or out of a Ter ritory ; how, then, can Congress delegate to its creatures a power it does not pos sess, but which resides alone with the sovereign States? No one maintained at the passage of the act in Congress, that non-intervention implied the right of the territorial legislature to over ride the Constitution and the decision of tae Su preme Court, with no power in Congress to restrain it. Such a construction would not have commanded the support of a corporal’s guard among the Southern members. Congressional legislation would bo requisite only when a discrimination should be made against slave property, by positive or negative territorial legisla tion, and no other doctrine is compatible with the rights of the States. It is strange that the fugitive slave law which carries out the provisions of the Consti tution in the States should be supported, while the power of Congress to carry out its provisions in the Territories should be denied. The issue has been distinctly tendered, and the South cannot decline to meet it without an abandonment of her rights, nor ought she to support a candidate un committed. It is the duty of the South to demand of the Democratic party not a “ slave code”—an ugly name to make ob noxious a constitutional right—but a dis tinct recognition in the approaching Presidential contest of the right of slave holders to Congressional legislation when ever it may be needed, to protect their rights against the unfriendly and hostile legislation of any Territory; and in de fault thereof to support some statesman sound upon this, as well as all other is sues of vital importance to the South. It is time she should know if the Democratic j party, the bulk of which is at the South, will risk itself before the country sus taining the constitutional lights of the South. If it will not, it should go down, and be supplanted by a healthier organi zation. It is better to suffer defeat on a good constitutional principle, than gain victory by its abandonment. We have true friends at the North, but if they can not sustain themselves at home on the principles of the constitution, the sooner we comprehend it, the better. For all practical purposes the Congres sional legislation of Mr. Seward is no worse than the Squatter Sovereignty of Mr .Douglas, and while a wide differ ence exists between them on many other important questions, there is no neces sity, if the South be true to herself, that she be subjected to the choice between two evils. If the doctrines advocated by either prevail, there can bo no well found ed hope of having the rights guarantied to us under the constitution, and affirmed by the Supreme Court, guarded and pro tected in the Union. Swift Traveling. The night train, going upon the New York Central Rail Road, on the 31st u 11., being detained considerably behind time, determined to make it up. The engineer made the distance from Town Line to Rochester, fifty-four miles, in sixty min utes, made two stops, and took in wood and water at Batavia. This was a littlo over a mile a minute, and is said to be the fastest time, for the distance, ever made by any Road in the Union. Griffin ami North Alabama Road. An election w r as held in the City Hall in Griffin on the 9th instant, to determine the sense of the people as to the question of the city subscribing for $50,000 of stock in the Griffin and North Alabama Rail Road. From the Empire State we learn that there were 189 votes for, and 9 against the proposed subscription. This added to the amount already taken, swells the amount taken to $210,000. Steam Line between Charleston and • Boston. The Charleston Courier, of the 13th, announces, definitely, the consummation of arrangements reported in progress, for the establishment of a steam line between that city and Boston. The line will con sist, at first, of two iron screw steamers, of 1150 tons, a draught, when loaded, of feet, and capacity to carry 1,400 bales of cotton. Underwood against Douglas. The Rome (Ga.) Courier iearns from what it terms reliable authority, that Col. J. W. H. Underwood, the Demccrat is candidate for Congress in that District, is taking and ably sustaining strong ground against the miserable heresies and fatal delusions of Douglasism, which Toombs and some other democratic lead ers are attempting to palm off on the people. Tlie French Heroes. It is stated in our exchanges that a meeting of enthusiastic Irishmen was held in New York last week, at which it was resolved to present a hor3e and furniture worth $2,000, to Marshal McMahon, the Duke of Magenta. It is understood that the Sixty-Ninth Ptegiment, in that city, will make a similar demonstration in favor of Gen. Neil. Memphis and Charleston Road At the annual meeting of the stock holders of the Memphis and Charleston Rail Road, at Huntsville on Wednesday of last week, the old Directory, consist ing of Samuel Tate, R. C. Brinkley, Q. C. Atkinson, IV. C. Hunt, Win. Dickson, Wm. Echols, R. M. Patton, Geo P. Bierneand J. J. Donegan, were re-elected. The weekly Bank statement cf New York city, made Sept. 12th, shows an increase in loans of $237,000,; increase in specie, $289,900; increase in circula tion, $139,000; decrease in deposits, $119,900. Outline of Douglas’ Essay. The Richmond Enquirer, by special permission of the Harpers, has copied Judge Douglas’ political essay, publish ed in that Magazine. The object of the essay is to show the unrestricted power of the Territorial Legislatures to control the internal legislation of the territories, and, particularly to establish the power of each Territorial Legislature to prohib it the introduction, or holding of slaves in the territories. The argument by which Mr. Douglas endeavors to sustain this anomulous theory, may be bri fly stated as follows : Ist. That the jurisdiction of sell the courts established in the territories, is provided and limited entirely by the en actments of the Territorial Legislatures; hence these legislatures may deprive the courts of jurisdiction to sit in judgment on their legislation. 2J. That these Territorial Legislatures exercise no delegated power. Congress j has no power to delegate any powers which the Constitution has vested in Congress: but that simply by creating these legislatures, Congress at once and necessarily “ confers ” upon thorn powers beyond those which Congress itself may exercise; that the entire right of inter nal self-government accrues of right to the residents of an organized territory, apart from all Congressional sanction or authority. 3d. That in the same manner that Con gress may confer, but can neither exer cise nor delegate judicial powers, Con- 1 gress may confer but eannot exercise nor delegate the powers of internal legisla tive government in the .territories. 4th That during Colonal times, Virgin ia and other colonies rightfully claimed the power of internal self-government; and especially claimed riie right to pro hibit the introduction of slaves in their limits And that this “principle of our political system” operates to establish the same power of interual self-govern ment, and especially the same power to prohibit the introduction of slaves among the residents of each of the organized territories. sth. That these powers of territorial sovereignty were expressly admitted by ‘ the “Jeffersonian plan” or “compact” adopted by the Congress of the old Con federation. 6th. That in the Federal Convention, Mr. Madison proposed to insert in the Constitution the following clause: The Congress shall have power— “To institute temporary governments in the new States.” That the term “new States ” was that by which the “Jeffersonian plan” designated organized territories. That instead of the clause proposed by Mr. Madison the following clause was inserted. “New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union.” Hence, Mr. Douglas concludes, it was the intention of the Federal Convention to re assert, in the Federal Constitution, the “Jefferso nian plan,” and, consequently to assert the right of internal territorial self-gov ernment, and especially the right of a territorial government to exclude the in troduction of slaves in a territory. 7th. That the opinion of the Supreme Court, in the case of Dred Scott, main tains the same doctrine. Bth. That the same doctrine was as serted by the Compromise measures of 1850. 9th. That the same doctrine was as serted in the Kansas-Nebraska act. 10th. That the same doctrine was asserted by the Cincinnati Platform. Tlie Next Census. Next year the cigth census of the Uni ted States is to be taken. This enumera tion is one of the most laborious and dif ficult tasks which the Government has to perform. A timely suggestion is made by the National Intelligencer, which is worthy of consideration, and v/hich we quote for the benefit of planters and oth ers : That each farmer this year, as he gath ers bis crops, shall keep something like an accurate account of quality and value of the same; and, if he will take the trouble, to make out a statement of the names and ages of his family ; the num ber of acres of land cleared and timbered; the number and ages of his servants: the number and value of his horses and mules; the number of bales of cotton, barrels of corn, bushels of wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, &c., and the value of each, and leave it in some place where any member of the family, who may be at home when the deputy marshal shall call, can readily get hold of it. It will save time to all concerned, and very greatly assist to make the census returns perfect, complete and satisfactory. Nominations in Wasiiingtou. In the Central Georgian, of the 14th, we find the proceedings of a meeting of the American party, held at Sandersville, the 13th, to nominate candidates for the Legislature. Thomas F. Wells wa3 nom inated by acclamation, for the Senate, and Rufus A. Robinson and James R. Taylor were chosen, by ballot, a3 eandi dates,for Representatives. On the sth inst., a meeting of the Dem ocracy was held at the same place, to make nominations for the Legislature. Col. James L. Hook was nominated by acclamation, for Senator, and Dr. J. 1. Irvin and T. O. Wicker were selected as candidates for Representatives. Rail Road Accident. The Memphis Avalanche learns that on Thursday last the cars on the passenger train of the Mississippi Central Rail Road tumbled down an embankment twenty five feet high, no person being seriously injured. The loss sustained by the Com pany is about two or three thousand dol lars. The accident was caused by the displacement of rails on the track, and is believed to have been done by certain parties in the neighborhood, in order to be revenged for the loss of cattle recently killed by the cars. Cotton Picking. “Agricola,” a correspondent of the Uniou Springs Gazette, says on the 6th inst. one thousand and fifty pounds of cotton were picked by three hands, upon the plantation of Dr. W. R. Cunningham, Cotton Valley, Alabama. One of the boys had three hundred pounds by noon. Con sidering the season, and defects of the crops, this picking ha3 hardly been ex celled. ♦ We were pleased with a visit yesterday from Dr. J. C. C. Blackburn, editor of the Lumpkiu Palladium. The Palladium has. an extensive circulation and is a good advertising medium. Whenever the Dr. may visit Columbus we tender him an editor’s welcome. The new Baptist Church recently erec ted at Lagrange, at a cost of about twen ty thousand dollars, was dedicated last Sabbath. The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. C. D. Mallory, D. D. An arrival at New Orleans on the 14tb, brought dates from the City of Mexico to the 26th ult. It is stated that Miramon was still at the Capital, and not at San LuisPotosi, as previously reported. The Democrats of Harris couuty held a meeting on the 6th inst., and nominated Flynn Harget for Senator, and George A. ■ B. Dozier for the House. {NUMBER 23. Senator Gavin’s Position. San Francisco, Aug. 12, 1859. On the evening of the 9ih inst., Mr. Broderick made a speed) in Sacramento, and in the course of it read the following letter addressed to him by Mr. Gain, two days before he (Mr. Gwiri) was elected to the l luted States Senate: Sacramento, Jan. 10 1857. Dear sin : 1 am likely to be the victim of the unparalleled treachery of those who have been placed in power through my aid and exertions. The most-poten tial portion of the Federal patronage is in the hands of those, who, by every principle that should govern men of hon or, should be my supporters, instead of enemies, and it is being used for toy de struction. My participation in the dis tribution of this patronage has been the source of numberless slanders upou tue, and have created enmities that have been destructive to my peace and happiness for years. It has entailed untold evils upon me, and while in the Senate. I trill not recommend a single individual to appoint to office in this State. Provided lam elected, you shall have the exclusive control of this patronage so far as 1 am concerned, and in its distribution I shall only ask that it may be used with magnanimity, aud not for the advantage of those who have been our mutual enemies, and unwearied in their exertions to destroy us. This deter mination is unalterable, and in making this declaration, I do not expect you to sup port me for that reason, or in any way to be governed by it, but as I have been be trayed by those who should have been ray friends, I am, in a measure, powerless myself, and dependent on your magna nimity. Verv respectfully, your ob’t. servant. WM. M. GWIN. Hon. D. C. Broderick. This letter, written at a time when Mr Broderick had a full control of the Legislature, was the most slavish and disgraceful bid for the assistance of a political enemy. The promise made so meanly was broken without hesitation, and on the sth of April, 1857, Mr. Gwin wrote thus from Washington to W. F. Anderson, of Nevada: You will have a history of the events as they have transpired here within the last few weeks, from the newspapers, i ‘don't think that I shall hereafter he charged with bargaining off the patronage of the Government with Mr. Broderick. lie has left the city in great rage, and sails for California to-morrow, with the purpose of carrying the State Convention, nomi nate his owu friends to the State offices, and censure the appointments that have been made. Tiic Great Eastern asul New York. The New York papers continue to in sist that the Great Eastern can enter their harbor, either through Long Island Sound, or by the Narrows. Two skillful New York pilots assure the New York Herald (/■she only draws 26 feet of water, they can bring her through Ged ney’s channel and the Narrows up to the Battery at high tide. It is not likely that the managers of the Great Eastern are going to risk the fate of such an achievment upon the if suggested by the New York pilots, or upon any other if. There are but two harbors in this country which can accomodate the great monster of the deep, Portland and the waters of Virginia, in the Elizabeth or the York. We have no expectation that the Great Eastern will come here; no, not if both the York and Elizabeth were as deep as the ocean and as quiet ss a millpond. Both are deep enough for the Great Eas tern, and quiet enough for an egg-shell; but these, the most majestic and capacious harbors on the Atlantic coast, lie in a Southern latitude, and, like the dwellers upon their shores, are tabooed and pro scribed. We must content ourselves to look as uninterested spectators upon the contest of rival Northern cities for the magnificent prize, and being thus neutral and indifferent, we can easily decide that, if the Great Eastern does not go to Port land, it will be a breach of faith to the enterprising citizens of that town which would be justly punished by running aground in the shallow channel of New York, and lying there for the next hun dred years. —Richmond Dispatch. Ireland. The Earl of Carlisle, is an address re cently delivered before the Royal Agri cultural Society of Ireland, gave statisti cal proofs of the progress of that country in the last twelve years. In 1847, the land under tillage in the island amounted to 5,238,575 acres ; it now amounts to 5,- 882,152 acres. The grain crops have given way to “green crops,” the former decreasing 17 per cent., the latter in creasing in nearly the same proportion. In 1841, the live stock was valued at £19,375,000; it is now valued at £34,- 616,000. The farms of five acres and under have largely decreased; those above thirty acres were 48,000, in 1841; they are now upwards of 156,000. The most remarkable progress lias been in the dwellings of the laboring classes ; the rapid decrease in pauperism. In 1836, 1,800,000 persons, or nearly one third the whole population, were dependent for support on the Poor Commissioners ; now only 37,000 persons are in this position. “Mendicancy is nearly extinct, and wages are very nearly doubled.” The change is equally strik’ng in regard to the de orease of crime. In 1848, the outrages reported in Ireland were upwards of 1-4,- 000; iu 1858 they wore only 3462. Georgia is probably the lightest taxed State in the Union. Its State tax Is only two-thirds of a mill on the dollar. A man owning SIO,OOO of property pays only $6 62 taxes. Georgia is one of the most flourishing States, and also, rapidly rising in manufactures as well as in agri culture. Whereupon the Montgomery Confeder ation says : We wish the same could be said of Ala bama. Bills for State, county, and cor poration taxes in thi3 State look like bills for the rent of property. But “there’s a good time coming,” when, after two or three years more, our foreign debt will have been paid off, or so reduced that a reduction in the rates of taxation will be not only proper but Decessary. Tlie Bast Cotton Crop. The long looked for—the summing up of the last cotton crop—has at last come to hand. The New York Shipping List, which is authority, sums up the crop as follows: Receipts St all the ports 3,857,- 480 bales. Total crop 4,017,000 bales. So it appears we were not far wrong in our opinion of what would be the extent of the last crop. We trust those who laughed at our folly, and jered us into backing our judgment, will caff at the Captain’s office and settle. RectSpts of Cotton at Mobile. The Mercury, of the 12th, says: “The receipts of cotton yesterday were about 2,500 bales by rail road and river, and want of water was all which prevented the boats from taking a hundred bales more apiece ; everybody on the river be ing eager to ship. Steam Line between Beaton anti Sa vannah. The Southern Steamship Company, in corporated to run a line of steamships between Boston and Savannah, have con cluded contracts with Mr. Loring, of East Boston, sos two substantial sea going steamers, to be finished by the Ist of June, 1860. The New York Sun says the weekly consumption of flour in that city amounts to 50,000 barrels, or a little over 7,000 barrels per day. Legal Anecdotes. The trial of the Lucas Will Case re i cenntly decided in the Probate Court of Lowndes county. Alabama, has developed the following rich legal anecdotes, which we find in the Mail and the Hayneville Watchman. The one from the Mail is characteristic of the ex-chief Justice During the trial, last week, at Hayne ville, of lie great Lucas Will Case, Hon. 11. W. Hilliard, in an eloquent speech for contestants, compared the vast estate to a stagnant pool, giving off malaria, and iufeetmg the moral atmosphere. It had been proved, however, on the trial, that the agreement between the contestants and their lawyers was, that the latter should receive ten per cent, of w hat they recovered, for their services. In answer ing Mr. Hilliard, Hon. Sam. F. Rice re plied to the “Malaria” argument, by say ing that he supposed, if Mr. Hilliard’s side proved successful, “he would come to his clients, holding his nose with oue Land, aud opening a pantaloons pocket with the other, and request them, as he was very delicate, aud fearful of his health, to drop very gently, a little—about ten per cent. —of that “malaria” into that pocket!” That view of the malaria was too much for the risibles ot the jury, court and spectators. — Montgomery Mail. During the trial of the Lucas Will case now progressing in our Probate Court, a witness on the stand was asked by one of the counsel, “if he knew a certain gen tleman (calling him by name,) before he moved into the Lucas settlement, aud if so, did he not sustain a good character prior to his removal?” Witness answer ed, “that he knew him, and he did sus tain a good character before his removal.” The counsel on the opposite side, on cross examination upon this point, asked the witness, “If Judas Iscariot could not have proved a good character before he betrayed Christ?” To which witness answered, “I don't know him; I don’t know whether he could or not."—Uaynei tile Wutcliman. The Negotiations at Vera Cruz. The Picayune gives the following as the heads of the treaty proposed by Mr. McLane to the Mexican Government: 1. The right of way for-a rail road, through the Northern States of the Re public, from some point on the Rio Grande, to be afterwards determined, to the port of Mazatlan, cn the Pacific. 2. The right of way for a rail road, to be constructed equally by Americans and American capital, Horn the Southern boundary of the territory of Arizona, to the port of Guyamas on the Gulf of Cali fornia. 3. The right freely to navigate the waters of the Gulf of California, at the western termini of these routes, as also the free use of other ports necessary for the entry of goods therein. 4. The right to erect such warehouses as might be necessary for the accommo dation of business therein, at both ter mini of these, as also of tlie Tehuante ! pec Transit Route. 5. The right to transport United States troops and munitions of war over all of these routes, to or from the Pacific, at cer tain times and on certain conditions. 6. The right, in case Mexico herself failed to do so, ourselves to give protec tion to each and all these great transit routes, in such manner as might seem to us fit, cveu to the introduction of United 1 States troops, if necessary. Opinion ii Liverpool about Cotton. The Liverpool correspondent of the Sa vannah Republican, in a letter dated August 20th, thus speaks of the prospects of cotton: Political considerations have ceased to exercise the slightest influence upon our market, and the question turns, as invar iably it will do, upon the probable sup ply and demand for the coming four mouths. With such a stock as we hold here, the flattering accounts of your crop, and the unsatisfactory advices from India and China, I consider that our market keeps remarkably steady, and I should be surprised at it, were it not that the belief is general, that worse accounts of your crop must shortly be received, and better accounts from the import markets of the cast, in answer to the peace news. This, it is hoped by holders, will open the eves of Manchester, and make them keep up a heavy tire, until the stock reaches a mod erate compass, when prices will be entire ly governed by the course of events on your side. Tlie Cotton (Jop-801l Worm. We regret to learn, says the Griffin In dependent South, as we do from many of our most reliable planters, that their anti cipations rfa favorable crop of cotton are to be disappointed. A gentleman from Rlerriwether, who wrote to one of our townsmen, a short time since, that he would make 150 bales, now writes that the destruction of the worm will reduce his crop to at least 100 bales, if not less. Others who live in that and surrounding counties say the same. In this case, we are satisfied there is no cry of “wolf/’ but that the anticipated large crop of cot ton will be seriously diminished by the ravages of the worm and other causes, not only in this but in other States. Hurrah for tlie Central Rail Road. The Montgomery Mail of the 15tli in stant, says: “We have gratifying intelli gence this morning, that Dr. William 11. llives, who recently went east to purchase slaves for the South and North Alabama Rail Road Company, returned last night, bringing eiglity-five likely negroes, and three more will arrive to-day. Those ne groes have been delivered to Mr. Boyle, the contractcr, who will put them to work as soon as Mr. Milner can arrive from Greenville and stake off the road between this city and Wetumpka. The ground will certainly be broken in a few days. This is glorious news. jXew Orleans Calile Project. The N. 0. True Delta says: Letters received at New York, by the Africa, state that Frederick N. Gisborne, Esq., projector of a direct sub marine tel egraph between Boston and Nova Scotia, has organized a company to manufacture tbo cable. The works are at Millwall. Two hundred workmen are now employed ! in these works, manufacturing the cable for the line from Toulon to Algiers, the contracts for which are ratified to F. N. Gisborne, by the Emperor of France. They are also manufacturing the Atlautic cable for the British Trans-Atlantic Tele graph Company, to be laid down between i Scotland and the Straits of Belle Isle, to j Canada. ■ The Oldest Cliurcli In America It was built in 1581, in the town of j Iligham, Massachusets, and is still oc -1 cupiel as a place of worship. The bell rope hangs down in the middle of the house; where it was placed in order that the bell might be rung instantly to give i alarm of any sudden Indian incursion, j There are many of the old-fashioned i square pews in the house, inclosed by what resembles more a high and substan- I tial unpainted fence than anything to be ; seea in a modern church. The frame is of oak, and the beams are huge and nu : merous. The old house is good for two j hundred years more. This old church | has an old pastor, the Rev. Joseph ! Richardson hav.ng preached in it for j fifty-three years. An Irisli Valentine. Oh Faddy ! swate Paddy ! if I was ye’re j daddy, I’d kill ye with kisses entirely ; if I was ye’re bruther an’ likewise ye’re ■ muther, I’d see that ye went to bed early. ; To feel ye’re swate breath, I would j starve me to death, and lay off my hoops i altogether ; to joost have a taste of ye’re arm on my waste, I’d laugh at the meau j est of weather. Dear Paddy, be mine, | my own valentine— ye’ll find me both gentil and civil; our life wo will spend to ] an iiigent end, and care may go dance with the divil. Dluniiicent Donation. Hon. Oliver J. Morgan, of Louisiana, has presented to Bishop Polk, of that State, the handsome sum of forty thou sand dollars as the foundation of a Pro fessorship of Agricultural Chemistry in | the “University of the South.” The munificent donation makes up the entire amount of five hundred thousand dollars required by the charter for the establish ment of the proposed University.
