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THE WEEKLY SUN.
i g VOLF. THOMAS GILBERT.
THOS. GILBERT & CO.,
rßomiETons.
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’• ,ii. toiler. Address,
Thos. Gilbert & 00.,
Columbus, Ga.
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rilE PUBLIC JOURNAL.
Its Difficulties anil its Proprieties.
The witty paragraphist of the Savannah
,V< 1 “s, in his racy sketches of Georgia
editors, tin: other day, said of us that we
weighed and counted all our words before
tl„, publication of our articles. Would
tlia! this could he the case, not only with
us hut with nil editors of daily papers!
But the wit of the News has had experi
ence enough to know its impossibility.
Perhaps he may generally find time to
trim and spice the rough draught of para
graphs in his special department. Bat
til?! general editor of a daily paper, who
has all his exchanges to examine for news
items, and his leading and minor articles
to write, very often cannot find time once
to read over what he has written, much
less to materially alter or improve it. This
is frequently the case with us, and we are
as often mortified at the crudeness and
imperfections of onr writings when we
read them in print the next day. Then
we wish that we could have had a chance
to amend them in particulars which occur
to us, and would have occurred before
publication if we had had time for revis
ion.
We cannot suggest a remedy for this
haste and crudeness in daily newspaper
editing. But perhaps iy habit of caution
in expressing opinions upon passing oc
currences, aided by adherence to general
principles for editorial guidance, may
lead to the avoidance of many mistakes
in judgment, ii’ not in stylo. There is
certainly both need and opportunity to
avoid many such mistakes of the press,
aul we do not claim to he more free from
them than others. Conspicuous among
these is the error of hastily forming opin
ions and pronouncing judgment upon one
sided or partial statements of facts. We
do not believe that the public taste de
mands this, and wo uro satisfied that a re
gal'd for the public taste could not justify
it even if thus domunded. Bo far as opin
ions upon matters of public policy or prin
ciple are concerned, every editor is pre
sumed to have settled convictions, and
can therefore at any time write upon them
understaudingly and with some assurance
of correctness in his premises. Manners,
morals and customs, as illustrated by any
passing event, may be discussed with
equal confidence and freedom. But the
hasty pre-judgment of acts of individuals
cannot be fortified by any such matured
general convictions or principles. The
law does not thus condemn any man;
neither should the press. Even when all
the evidence hearing upon any criminal
case has been brought out and thoroughly
sifted by counter testimony and argu
ment, the law does not entrust judgment
to one man, learned and impartial though
he is presumed to be, but to twelve men,
sworn to have beeti unbiased before the
trial and to consider only the law and the
testimony in their verdict. The press, as
a judge in the court of public opinion,
should be equally well-informed and im
partial in pronouncing its judgments. A
violation of its proprieties and moral re
strictions in tiiis particular would be an
usurpation of the prerogatives and duties
of the court and jury—it would (if we may
bo allowed to paraphrase a couplet)
Snatch trom their hands the statute and the
cause,
Pre-judge their judgment—tie the law of laws'.
It is out of a spirit similar to this that
mob and lynch law springs. There is but
one step from condemnation to punish
ment. Individuals would not take the
law into their own hands if they had not
previously passed mental judgment upon
tlio victim of their vengeance. The press,
to be a consistent denouncer and oppo
nent of such acts, must condemn and op
pose as well the hasty judgment as the
lawless punishment.
The misfortune of the American daily
press is not too much precision or prepa
ration, hut that it has not time to give a
“sober second thought” to articles written
with impulsive feeling or upon incorrect
information. And we can think of 110
remedy for this evil, unless if may he
found in an adherence to general rules
and principles such as we have indicated
above.
It llt !■; I V I'HADE WITH EI’KOPJE.
Its lui|ir>i'tiiiice to tlie South.
I'lie report, received several days since,
of the lauding at Port Royal, S. C., of a
large freight of foreign goods for Savan
nah. has since been made moro satisfac
tory by a statement of the Savannah pa
pers, to the effect that the goods will not
i‘o landed at Port Royal, but the vessel
will proceed to Savannah and discharge
there.
There is a great dial that, ought to in
terest and encourage our people in the
movement now on foot contemplating the
establishment of regular direct trade be
tween Savannah and European ports. We
hope that the business aud other "solid
men'of Columbus will heartily co-operate,
to the extent of their ability, with the
same class in Macon and Atlanta in speed
ing the movement. Every enterprise of
this sort helps a little to relieve our section
from the pernicous operations of the
Northern gamblers in currency and pro
duce. The extension of direct trade with
foreign markets will bring additional
means and competition iu the purchase of
cotton from the planters, and thus help
to thwart the schemes of "rings ’in this
country. It w ill aid in the introduction
of real money and in making us more
mindful of iho difference between it and
the depreciated and fluctuating currency
now constituting our only representative
of values. In every pait of the country
enjoy nig foreign commerce gold and sil
ver are more abundant, and must needs
he so. It is only her foreign commerce
(and not the fact that the precious metals
are there dug from the ground) that makes
gold and silver the chief circulating me
dium in California. National Bank and
Treasury notes would not answer for the
needs of her large direct trade with China,
Japan and the Pacific States of South
America. An extensive direct trade with
Europe would produce a like need here,
aud u • character of »ur commerce would
s.ipplv n .vs m ils el's stand now, our in
dustry and interests are entirely at the
mercy of men who make gambling in cur
rency pud produce the business of their
lives, who live and thrive by fluctuations,
and whose means enable them to disturb
the markets at their will.
Not the least among the benefits ot
s ueh a direct trade will be the facility
"inch it will afford so; obtaining immi
gration into the South. The experience
”f six or eight years has shown us that it
>s impossible for us to obtain any consid
'■uUs share of the emigration coming to
*' ie Tnited States, under present condi
* i°iis. It i s true, as we have heretofore
'"marked, that our political status and
' ” mormons State debts created by car-
PG-bag and negro rule are the most for
midable obstacle to European emigration
VOL. XV.
to the South. But the lack of direct
trade with European ports is another
gteat disadvantage. The emigrants landed
in New York or Boston,if they have not al
ready determined their place of settle
ment, are immediately beset by the agents
of Western land holders, or by political
enemies of our section, and they are thus
persuded to go to other States or Terri
tories. The South has little ehauce to
compete for emigrants landed at North
ern ports; hut let them laud here in the
South (which vessels engaged in direct
trade would enable them to do,) and the
advantages for securing them as settlers
or laborers would be on our side. We
are well convinced that direct trade and
immigration must go hand in hand; and
both will help to support such lines of
steamships as the South needs. We can
not expect to jump at once to their at
tainment. but the enterprise is one that
will grow and extend with the success of
its small beginnings, and if supported as
it should be, and as it can easily be, it
will soon give us our best “lift” in the
way of recuperation and solid prosperity.
THAT PIG INDIAN EIGHT.
We h;#s as yet received very few addi
tional particulars of the fights on the 4th
and thellthinst. between Gen. Custar,
of the Yellowstone Exploring Expedition,
aud the ludiaiis. It appears that the In
dians were mainly Uncopapas (we sup
posed that our report calling them Co
manches was incorrect), and that the fight
on the 11th inst. was only closed by the
opening of fire on the Indians by the
artillery, which arrived on the opposite
side of the river during the battle.
The result, of this fight must, we think,
he regarded as disastrous to the expedi
tion and unfortunate in the moral effect
which it will have on the Indians. Ac
cording to Gen. Custar’s own report, there
was no great difference in the losses on
the two sides, and he only makes an esti
mate or conjecture of the Indian loss.
Then the expedition seems to have imme
diately taken the back track, for we are
informed it had come as far eastward as
Pompey’s Pillar on the 15th and Muscle
Shell on the lltth. Whether it had ac
complished all its objects or not, this pre
cipitate withdrawal from the locality of
an Indian force that had obstinately
fought the military escort for several days
must have an encouraging effect on the
Indians. We may be assured of one fact
—tho Government would not now venture
to send an exploring expedition into that
region without a much larger force to
protect it; so it is evident that the pun
ishment of the Indians was not as great
as was desirable to secure the future safe
ty of exploration or travel. Probably
another military expedition will have to
be dispatched to inflict the punishment
that seems to be necessary. No doubt
Gen. Custar and his little band did all
that bravery and discipline could do to
uphold the power and authority of the
Government, but their numbers were not
sufficient. The Government appears to
have been deceived as to the numbers or
disposition of the Indians, and must next
proceed with a better understanding of
the difficulties to be encountered.
WHEAT.
We have to note quotations of wheat in
tho Western markets in this column, for
reasons already stated. There has been
very little change in any of them lately.
A spurt or two in Chicago have indicated
gambling designs there, but they did not
greatly affect the market. The quotations
in Chicago on the 25th wei'e for No. 1
spring $ l 24@1 25; No. 2 spring $1 18J,
for spot or August, §1 12) for Septem
ber; seller the year round $1 08j@l 10£.
These figures would indicate that the
sharpers in Chicago are contemplating a
material decline in price sometime during
the year, but, like the prophets who con
stantly predict “a good time coming,”
they find it difficult to name the day.
After a while, when they have taken a
survey of the whole wheat field, get their
combinations formed, and commence op
erations systematically, we shall be better
able to tell when they propose to let
prices drop or to send them kiting. And
the people generally will have to submit
to their regulations of tho price of the
“stall of ii{e,” even if
“Tuttle children cry tor broad
Till Speculation’s maw is led.”
AuV IMPOII TAXT DECISION.
We are informed by telegraph that the
Supreme Court of Georgia, on Tuesday,
decided "that the law forbidding the
vitality of judgments on notes whose con
sideration was slaves, is unconstitutional,
and that unless barred by the statute of
limitations, such judgments can he made
operative.”
J udge McCay, we are advised, dissented.
The practical importance of this decis
ion depends upon the legal operation of
the several suspensions of the statute of
limitations during the last ten or twelve
years. Some decisions affecting the
lapses made by these suspensions have
been rendered; hut we have not "kept
the run of tho thing” well enough to say
whether this decision of Tuesday will re
vive any judgments on notes given for
slaves or not. Will some lawyer inform
us aud the public how the matter stands?
UUIt It All FOR WISE !
A telegraphic dispatch reports the laud
ing of the Philadelphia Evening Herald's
experimental balloon. Its course seems
to sustain the theory of Prof. Wise and
others, that at a certain altitude there is a
steady wind-current, setting towarffii the
east, or southeast, and that it can*e re
lied upon for the guidance of a balloon.
The Herald's balloon ascended from Phil
adelphia on Monday afternoon, aud land
ed at a point in New Jersey a little south
of east of the place of starting, having
been long enough in the upper regions to
test whether the air current was steady.
Prof. Wise, we believe, entertains the
opinion that his great balloon, started
from New York to cross the Atlantic,
would land somewhere in Spain or in the
Northern part of Africa. The Herald's
balloon took very nearly this course. Its
speed, too—about 75 miles an hour —
seemed to be satisfactory, if not also con
firmatory of Wise’s theory. The reqplt
will no doubt be quite encouraging to the
venturesome icronauts who are preparing
to essay the crossing of the Atlantic.
TEXAS CROPS.
The Galveston News of Sunday pub
lishes dispatches from several points in
Texas, dated the day previous, which
make variant reports of the cotton crops.
But all the information from Texas war
rants the belief that the crop of that State
will be considerably increased. The
News accounts reports— about Waco,
“crops never better—no worms or cater
pillars: " about Corsicana, "the crop prom
ises to turn out well—this place will ship
about 15,000 bales;” about Navisota,
“worms in large quantities in all parts of
the county— half a crop will not be real
ized;” about Brenham “crop prospects
are very discouraging.” Waco and Bren
hani are near the centre, Corsicana in the
northeast, and Navisota in the southern
part of the State.
Cholera has reappeared at Vicksburg,
on the river, and in a more malignant
form than on its previous visit, according
to reports.
THE WEEKLY SUN.
-Y ORTH AX 11 SOUTH RAILROAD.
What Superintendent Chipley ig Doing.
11 iu YußK ' Aug. 18, 1873.
nan. W. C. Jarboe, Lagrange:
Dear Sir : Your esteemed favor of the
14th instant is received, and for its con
tents lam truly obliged. Such kind ex
pressions from yourself and other friends
gratify me exceedingly. The feeling ex
pressed by Col. McDougald to yon, that I
had a right to the Presidency, was shared,
I assure you, by Capt. Blanchard. He
never thought of becoming a candidate
for the position until I suggested it, and
allowed the use of his name at last at my
request. I may have been selfish in de
siring to divide with another labors which
long since became onerous, but I believe
the moviDg cause was not this, but what
I deemed to be to the Interest of the road.
We acted under a perfect understanding,
and I would be glad to have our friends
understand it. You would have cause for
discouragement if you were correct iu
your impression that I have been here so
long waiting on negotiations commenced
by Col. McDougald in March last. When
1 left Columbns I had the negotiation re
ferred to on my list. It was a written
proposition, made from Columbus by the
President of the road. Yet it took several
weeks of my time to obtain the final re
jection of this offer. It left me, after
losing so much time, to begin de novo.
These iron men do not ask more than one
question a day, aud it requires time to
meet all their points. Added to this, I
am forced to contend with the absence at
the watering places of many persons
whom I am obliged to see.
I have already shipped an engine which
under a due sense of our obligation I have
named “John King.” I have also pur
chased fish plates, bolts and spikes and
some iron. I have strong assurances of
the rest of the iron as soon as certain par
ties can lie seen. But even without these
I would not feel discouraged. Before
twenty consecutive miles were graded I,
as the company’s agent, without even a
reference, bought upon the company’s
credit twenty miles of iron, and the same
was laid and equipped upon the credit ex
cept two personal endorsements. One of
these endorsed by the President, was a
note for $3,000, intended for use with
John King, but it was not discounted.
The other was a note for $l,lOO, endorsed
jointly by the President and myself. I
made the trade in New Y’ork requiring
this endorsement, and the President gen
erously sustained me. Personal endorse
ment was only required because the com
pany’s bonds were at that time locked up
by the Schaffer attachment.
The personal advances in money to the
company were entirely from its officers,
Captains Griffith, Blanchard and your
self, and would not aggregate a thousand
dollars. These embrace every transac
tion for material, equipment or operation
of the road, not based alone upon the
credit of tho company before it was a rail
road or had a reference. I mention these
facts to show you how much easier it will
be to repeat for the second section what
was done for tho first, now that the com
panyrepresents as it does a bona fide in
vestment of $(>50,000 with twenty miles in
operation.
Added to this real basis of credit we
have the unqualified endorsement of our
friends from whom I bought our first iron.
No reference could be higher iu this en
tire section. They are no longer manu
facturing rails, but have sold me one hun
dred aud twenty tons—all they have left.
They would have shipped at once, but as
onr ability to pay for them depends upon
the completion of the second twenty
miles, I have deferred the shipment until
my anangements were closed, thereby
avoiding any risk of involving them iu
any delay. Retaining such friends
through all our troubles is a matter of
congratulation, and as I made the pur
chase, is especially pleasant 1.0 me. An
other subject of encouragement, I think,
is the small floating debts left unprovided
for by the bonds on the first section ; a
fourth of this is due the officers of the
company, for none of them has ever en
forced the payment of their salaries, take
ing what the company could spare,
though several had no other means of
earning a livelihood, their entire time be
ing employed by their duties. These
men have shown no disposition to push
the company, though some of them are
no longer in its service.
But the balance of this debt must be
met at once, and when this is done I can
see nothing to delay immediate comple
tion to LaGrauge. Once there, the com
pany will be self-sustaining, andean build
the road itself. With the valuable con
nections secured at that point, tho “push
and rush” would be over, and the com
pany could afford to wait until the people
on the line realized their true interest,
and came forward to help an enterprise
whose benefits they will enjoy.
Yon see what a scrape you have gotten
into by asking for a full and frank state
ment of tho situation. I hope you will
wade through it, as you say the numerous
rumors are calculated to confuse and even
discourage our friends. Therefore you
must excuse my dwelling upon onr pres
ent status at such length, for, though
rather long, it is frank and just what I
feel. I hope you will agree with me that
it presents no cause for discouragement.
Y’onrs truly, W. D. Ohiplf.y.
MILITARY EDUCATION AT THE
UNIVERSITY OP GEORGIA.
The Trustees of the State University,
at their last meeting, determined to place
all the students of the University under a
military organization. VYe understand
that the causes that influenced this im
portant change iu the government of the
University were economy of dress and in
creased efficiency of discipline, together
with the fact that the United States law,
under which the State College of Agricul
ture and Mechanic Arts is formed, re
quires that military tactics shall be
taught.
To provide for instruction in this De
partment, they elected Capt. Jas. Bon
ham, Professor of Military Tactics. Capt.
Bonham is the son of Gov. Bonham, of
South Carolina, and has recently graduat
ed at the Virginia Military Institute, of
which Institute he was a cadet for four
years. We learn that General Smith, the
well-known Superintendent of the V. M.
1., recommended Captain Bonhum in the
strongest terms for the position to which
he was elected.
Capt. Charbonier, the Professor of En
gineering iu the State University, who is
a graduate of a military school in France,
aud was formerly an officer in the French
army, will have, by the action of the
Trustees, general command of the milita
ry organization of the students.
’ The department of military instruction
at the State University will thus lie pro
vided with competent professors; and
military education will no doubt receive
all the attention that its most earnest ad
vocates could hope for.
The authorities of the University expect
to receive the cadet breech-loading mus
ket, such as are made expressly by the
United States Government for use by the
cadets at West Point and the students of
the various Stats colleges of science.
We learn that the uniform will be the
regular cadet gray, frock coat and dress
suit, with something simple, inexpensive
and serviceable for the fatigue suit.
With the State "University as now or
ganized, no Georgian need send his son
out of the State to receive either a classi
cal, scientific or military education. At
lanta Herald , -Ml.
The Florida Cotton Crop.—TlieFlori
dian of the 19th says:
The caterpillar, wo believe, remains
about in statu quo. Several planters have
been eaten entirely out, aud many others
are apt to be. The crop, it is thought,
will turn out much better than last year,
though nothing like it promised a short
time since. Three or four weeks ago, the
prospect for a large crop was perhaps
finer than any year since the surrender.
Avery large quantity of improved seed
was planted, and the crop had been well
cultivated and was fruiting finely; but
alas for human calculations —man pro
posed, but the caterpillar has disposed
almost as fully as usual.
There seems to be no doubt that the
“poison business" will pay. and next year
planters will take time by the forelock and
get the start of the worm. But query—
bow many of us will go under between
now and then ?
The boll worm (not the caterpiiiai ) is
reported as damaging the cotton iu por
tions of Upson and Jasper counties.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1873.
”THE LAND OF FLOWERS."
LETTER FROM SANDY MERLIN.
The Florida Railroad—lts Engine and
Engineer—City of Cedar Key—A Land
of Keys—Faber’s Mammoth Cedar Mill
—How Cedar is Prepared for Pencils —
An Interesting and Amusing Letter.
Cedar Key, Fla., August 23, 1873.
Hear Brilliancy: Leaving Jackson
ville, your correspondent, on the after
noon of the 22d, was whirled rapidly along
the Jacksonville, Pensacola aud Mobile
Railroad to Baldwin, the crossing point
of the Florida Railroad, at which place
we remained until six p. m., when we
1 took the cars for the “Key,” as it is terrn
; ed in this healthy locality.
Mr. Editor, did the light of your coun
j tenance ever shine on this Florida Rail
; road train ? (The Florida Railroad is
| from Femandina to Cedar Key). If not,
: you have missed a treat. As it rolled up
j to Baldwin depot we thought of the D—l
on wheels—so black, ancient-looking, rat
tling, loose, sloshing, and cranky did the
I engine look. She resembled some piny
woods pig that we have seen in our day,
I evidently turned loose to live or die just
as circumstances might dictate. The
train stopped, and out jumped the engi
neer for a drink—of ice water. Hew
shall I describe liim ? About six feet and
three inches, long .shaggy heard, legs and
arms so limber that he seemed to be com
ing to pieces. lie looked as if lie liad
been made of green material and put to
gether with nails, and tlio subsequent
shrinking of material had "kinder loos
ened things." We are more than willing,
however, to take back anything and every
thing that may appear like a reflection on
the road, for that ugly engine, and wild
looking engiueer, trotted us to this place
at the rate of thirty miles an hour; and
that, too, smoothly and comfortably.
As night came on us rapidly, we had no
opportunity for observing the condition
of crops along the route. We see, how
ever quantities of fine oranges on the
trees around this place ; and the general
opinion is, that the crop for the present
ye_r will be large aud lull. From con
versation with old settlers, .we learn that
the cultivation of the Florida orange has
received anew impetus from the reported
deterioration iu quality, and hence a reduc
tion in the price of the Louisiana orange.
There are several large and handsome
groves of this juicy and delicate fruit
about this place, in or near the celebrated
Gulf Hammock. Wo see no reason why
Florida should not equal, if not excel,
Cuba in the production of oranges ; for it
is everywhere confessed that the fruit
from Cuban soil is not so large, and is
less juicy than that of Florida.
Cedar Key does not, properly speak
ing, apply exclusively to that one upon
which the city (?) is located, but to the
numerous “keys” in this vicinity. There
are quite a number of them, each taking
its name from some incident in their early
history; for instance, the key upon which
this town is erected is called “YVays Key,”
from the numerous “ways" erected here
during the Seminole war, in order to fa
cilitate shipping. Sea Horse Key takes
its name from the large quantity . of sea
horses that were once found there. Dead
Man’s Key, situated a little to the right of
the town, received its ghostly appellation
from the fact of some soldiers having been
buried there. There are so many of these
keys that we will not attempt to give the
history of all, and hence will let those
already referred to suffice for the pres
ent. Cedar Key, in appearance, is not
very preposessing, blit despite this we
found the citizens models of politeness
and kindness. They give you an off-hand,
hearty welcome that at once sets you at
ease. Especially, in this connection, do
we refer to the courtesies shown us by
Capt. Willard, the Mayor of Cedar Key,
who, although still a young man, is doing
a large and increasing business. He is
universally liked, as ho justly deserves
to be.
To the kindness of Capt, \\ illard we
were indebted for a delightful row over
to Senniota Key, for the purpose of in
specting the mammoth cedar mill of E.
Faber, the great lead pencil man. The
building, through which we were shown
by Supt. Smith, is an immense structure,
containing a large one hundred horse
power engine, the driving wheel of which
is 12 feet in diameter, and the stroke 48
inches, with a cylinder of 2f> inches iu
diameter anil four feet long. Tins power
ful engine runs from twenty to thirty dif
ferent saws. We, in looking ,;t the vari
ous men at work, and the perfect, manner
in which everything was done, could not
but think of the old saying of a “place for
everything, and everything in its place. ’
Around the mill there are immense piles
of cedar logs, hewed square, aggregating
some eight or nine hundred thousand
square feet. These logs are cut into
pieces twelve or fourteen inches wide and
2 j thick. From this saw they go direct
ly to another that cuts the pieces off end
wise into pieces 2 |x7 —thence to another
s iw, which transfers them into blocks 2}
thick, retaining the length of 7 inches
mentioned above. But two more saws are
yet to handle the timber, one of which
cuts the blocks into strips 2j inches wide
and j thick. From here they are carried
down stairs to a gem of a machine, which,
by cutting off each side, leaves tlie strip
sufficiently large to make five pencils.
This machine lays the pieces, sawn from
the side of the slips, into neat piles ou
each sqje, and the part left for pencils is
carried forward and also piled up neatly,
the work being done as perfectly as if the
hand of man had guided them. One oth
er little machine, which I must not forget
to notice, is one that works five small saws
and a plauer at the same time, stripping
the timber into five pieces and dressing
them. These things make the mills fully
worth a visit, and we do not regret seeing
them. Sandy Merlin.
Atlanta and Richmond Air-Line Rail
way Completed. —President Buford, ac
companied by several of the officers of
his road, aud others, arrived here yester
day evening, at (1) o’clock, ou a special
train, the first through from Charlotte,
N. C.
This marks the greatest success of rail
road enterprise in the South since the
war, if not since the introduction of steam
as the grand motor,of commerce, having
reference to ail the circumstances of diffi
culty under which it has been effected.
Two hundred aud sixty-six miles of
railroad, built in four years upon private
capital, without public subsidies or other
extraordinary aids, is an achievement
worthy of commemoration. Passing
through three States of the Union, and
connecting directly the capital of the
great State of Georgia with the leading
Eastern railways aud cities, on a line
shortened by more than one hundred
miles, its value to the Southern produc
tions aud commerce is not exceeded by
any similar work of the decade.
Atlanta, through her principal citizens
and public authorities, is preparing a
grand fete to commemerote the event, and
all are justly proud of its achievement.
Iu a short time through trains will be
organized for both passenger and freight
transportation, and tlie line, with its al
most unrivalled connections, must com
mand business from the outset,- Atlan
ta Constitution, 27th.
Gen. E. M. Law, in his speech at Eu
faula. Ala., upon the occasion of the or
ganization of a Grange of the Patrons of
Husbandry there, said that the order was
of Southern origin, having had its birth
in North Carotina.
RRITISH NEWS.
London, Angust 2(1. Morsel, Post
master General, tendered his resignation,
but at the solicitation of Gladstone con
sents to remain in office temporarily.
At a demonstration of trades unions at
Edinburg, Saturday, there were 15,000
in procession. The object of the demon
stration was to protest against the crimi
nal law amendment act.
The prosecution closed the case against
the Bank of England forgers, and the de
fense have opened. This morning, in
the absence of counsel for the accused,
George Bidwell, principal in the frauds,
himself began a cross-examination of wit
nesses for the Crown.
The Times of this morning says that
the British Government, at the request of
Germany, has sent orders to commanders
of the British squadron in the Mediter
ranean to deliver to the Republican au
thorities the Spanish steamers Alamanzea
and Victoria, but that inferior force under
command of Admiral Lobos renders the
capture of these vessels by the Insurgents
highly probable. If they are surrendered
the vessels are without crews and cannot,
in their present condition, be used against
the Insurgents.
A special dispatch to the Telegraph
says cholera is raging iu Hungary and
that fifty per cent, of the cases provefatal.
London, August 2(l. —The storm Sunday
and Sunday night was one of unpreceden
ted severity. Accounts from Cambridge,
Peterborough, Wisbach, Newark and
other towns, reported that the wind and
lightning were appalling. Thousands of
people refused to go to bed lest their
houses should be overwhelmed while they
slept. A number of fires were kindled by
lightning and many deaths reported.
; Childerly Hall, near Cambridge—histori
cally connected with the reign of Charles
I—was struck by lightning aud burned to
the grov 11 1.
EUROPEAN NEWS.
London, Aug. 2(5.—A special dispatch
to the Telegraph says that tlie cholera is
raging iu Hungary and that fifty per cent,
of the cases prove fatal.
At a demonstration of trades unions at
Edinburg ou Saturday there were fifteen
thousand tradesmen in the procession.
The object of the demonstration was to
protest against the criminal law amend
ment act.
Some interesting Shakespearian docu
ments have been discovered which con
tradict the recent theories touching
Shakespear’s business connection with the
theatres.
The storm Sunday and Sunday night
was one of unprecedented severity. Ac
counts from Cambridge, Peterborough,
Wisbeacli, Newark aud other towns,
represent that tlie wind and lightning
were appalling. Thousands of people re
fused to go to bed lest their houses should
be overwhelmed while they slept. A
number of tires were kindled by the light
ning and many deaths are reported. Chil
derly Hall, near Cambridge, historically
connected with the reign of Charles the
First, was struck by lightning and burned
to the ground.
The Swiss hotel keepers report that
the cholera is prevailing in Paris. This
is douo to divert travel to Switzerland.
TILE VIENNA EXPOSITION.
America Gets 4000 Medals—General Dis
satisfaction.
Vienna, Aug 25.—0f the 30,000 medals
aw arded to exhibitors at the Exposition,
4,000 go to America. There is much dis
satisfaction at the result of the Exposi
tion. It is charged that a number of ar
ticles which were never entered for com
petition, received medals, and that several
firms which had none of their goods ou
exhibition were awarded diplomas through
manipulation of the juries.
It is alleged that those who know how
the prizes were secured will attach no
value to the medals of the Vienna Expo
sition. The quantity of goods aud speci
mens which will lie returned home from
the American department is very small.
Most of tho stuff will be sold here. The
exhibitors have been leaving iu crowds
as fast as the}' could get away since the
close of the Exposition.
GREAT FIRE IN ANTWERP.
Antwerp, Aug. 2<i.—A great conflagra
tion was occasioned here last night by
a streak of lightning which set tire to one
of the largest warehouses in the city.
This, with the surrounding buildings, was
soon wrapped in flames and the entire
block was destroyed. The fire was still
burning at 10 o’clock this morning.
Antwerp, August 27. —Fire among the
warehouses extinguished.
FRENCH AFFAIRS.
Paris, August 27. —The high price of
bread causes agitation in some quarters
of this city, out of which it is apprehend
ed serious trouble may grow. At a spe
cial meeting of the Cabinet called for to
day to consider the question, several
members of the Assembly have proposed
as a remedy the immediate suspension of
discrimination duties on cereals.
the RANK OE ENGLAND FOR
GERS.
London, Aug. 27. —The trial of the
Bank of England forgers resulted in a
verdict of guilty. They were sentenced
to penal servitude for life.
GERMAN WAR POET DEAD.
Berlin, August 27. —Call Wilhelm, the
composer of the famous German war
song, “The Watch on the Rhine,” died
to-day at Sekualkaltden.
THE THREE PARTIES IN CURA.
Havana, August 24, via Key West,
Fi.a., August 2<>.—Rumors are again rife
that disturbances are likely to take place
at an early day. The Republican and
Conservative Clubs hold meetings nightly.
The Insurgents, three hundred strong,
have burned a small coffee establishment
in Brozo DeCanto.
There has been a very severe engage
ment between the Insurgents and the
troops near St. lago DeCuba. The loss
was heavy on both sides. The Spaniards
admit having lost sixty killed and it is
reported that General Buriel, the former
Governor of Matanzas, is among the
number.
P EX'NS YLI AMI DEMOCRA CF.
Wilkesbabe, Pa., Aug. 27.— The Demo
cratic State Convention was called to or
der by Congressman Randall; Dr. An
drew Nebinger, temporary Chairman. An
hour’s discussion over contested seats by
the Philadelphia delegation. The matter
was referred to a committee. Other
usual committees appointed. Recess.
TEMPERANCE.
Saratoga, August 27. —The National
Temperance Convention met. On motion
of Rev. H. W. Cavunt a Grand National
Mass Meeting was ordered to be held in
Philadelphia in lH7ii, in connection with
tho Centennial Celebration. The Chair
was authorized to appoint a committee to
make arrangements. Eleven thousand
dollars was subscribed bv the delegates to
pay the indebtedness of the National
Publication Society.
HON. NELSOfi TIFT AND DIRECT
TRADE.
Louisville, August 27. —Hon. Nelson
Tift, of Georgia, arrived here to-day to
seek the co-operation of Louisville iu es
tablishing anew line of steamships be
tween Savannah and Liverpool. No sub
sidies asked. He seeks business encour
agements for the enterprise.
PROFIT OF THE GRANGES.
New York Aug. 25.--It is stated that
19 car-loads shipped by the Granges to
Toledo, realized $lO 20 per cent, above
the usual profit. Encouraged by this,
the Grangers call for more cars aud pro
iKise erectiug an elevator of their own.
MIS SIS SIP PI POL I TICS.
Special to the Cincinnati Gazette.
Washington. Aug. 20—A Vicksburg let
ter says that Senator Ames will be nomi
nated for Governor in spite of the strong
opposition, and that colored men will be
selected for candidates for Lieutenant
Governor, Secretary of State, and Super
intendent of Education.
SPAIN.
The Government Policy for Defeating the
Carlists.
[Correspondence of tlie World.]
Pampeluna, August 7. —The strategic
policy of the Madrid Government against
the Carlists now appears to have been
settled; and, roughly stated, it is an
abandonment of the nine provinces of
the north to Don Carlos, and to reform
aud strengthen the Republican army on
the south bank of the Ebre in order to
make the line of that river their strategic
line of defence. _ The Republican garri
sons in the towns along the Biscay coast,
already besieged by the Carlists, are ap
parently to be abandoned to their fate.
If they can hold out against the besiegers,
all the better; if they cannot, they must
surrender. The longer they hold out the
more time they give the Republican Min
ister of War to carry out his plans for the
reorganization of his army. He seems to
have had very good success in quelling
the communist or separatist attempts in
the cities of the South and East; aud I
learn from very good sources that he
counts upon soon having, with the now
recruits he has called out, a force of
80,000 men to bring against the Carlist
armies, which, altogqfher, do not yet
number more than 35,000 men. But this
is in tlie future ; as for the present, all
continues to be of one color in these nine
provinces. Every day we hear of some
new Carlist success, aud of some fresh
Republican discouragement, Whenever
it has been possible for the Republican
| garrisons of small towns in Navarre and
: Catalonia to escape from the Carlists,
they have retired to the capitals of their
1 respective provinces. I have a list of
i twenty towns winch have been deserted
in this manner. When this movement is
complete, and the Republicans iu these
nine provinces hold only the nine capi
tals, it will remain to be seen whether
they will effect a further consolidation by
falling back beyond the Ebre.
THE CORTES—THE CARLISTS AND
INSURGENTS.
Madrid, Aug. 2(1.—1u the Cortes to
day Senor Olvares demanded the prosecu
tion of Hidalgo on the charge of having
abandoned his post as Captain of the iron
clad Victoria. He enquired of the Min
ister whether the report that Hidalgo was
going to Washington on a misson to the
United States government was correct.
In consequence of Olvares’ action, a duel
with Hidalgo was imminent, but through
the intervention of friends a meeting has
been avoided.
The fleet under command of Admiral
Lobos, which commenced to blockade
Cartagena, has been compelled to with
draw out of range of the guns of the in
surgents. On account of the inferior
armament of the vessels, they could not
cope with the artillery of the fort.
A contemplated revolt by the crew of
the Spanish frigate Oormen, wus discov
ered by the officers, and forty of the muti
neers were arrested and placed iu confine
ment.
A Spanish force has entered the town of
Frogapen, Arzona.
A caucus of a majority of the Cortes
have decided to elect Senor Castellar
President of their body and Senor Preyor
Vice-President.
Further details of the battle near Estella
on Sunday, are to the effect that the Car
lists, who were iu large force and under
their favorite leader, were completely de
feated by the Republican troops. They
asked a truce to remove their dead and
wounded, which was granted. The re
mainder of the Carlist army retired to
wards the French frontier. Don Alfonso,
brother of Don Carlos, aud Gen. Tristay,
are among the wounded. The Carlists
have withdrawn from the neighborhood
of Berga, having apparently abandoned
the idea of its reduction.
Lisbon, Aug.2<>.—The expedition which
is laying a cable between this'city and Rio
Janeiro, after having proceeded three
knots, was stopped by the discovery of a
fault in the wires. Tests have been made
from which it is believed the fault is near
the land. The expedition will continue
paving out until it reaches Madeira,
v, hence the cable steamer will probably
return and repair the fault.
ANOTHER REPUBLICAN SUCCESS. \
Madrid, Aug. 27.- Sizzarga. with 3,000 !
men, is reported marching to reinforce the
Carlist force besieging Estallo, who now i
number 8,000. The latter were again de
feated on Monday with considerable loss,
by the Republican lore' n Estallo. Tho
Republican loss was sis •
PRESIDENT OASTELI. ’ ; ADDRESS.
Castellar has been eleri 1 President of
the Cortez. He said flu troubles, diffi
culties and perils of theßepc Jicans were
increasing. The Republicans, while strug
gling to establish the Republic, were
united; but after they had achieved the
victory they were divided, because an
ideal always exists. The present Gov
ernment represents solid reality, and the
opposition represents an ideal. He bril
liantly traced the history of Democracy,
and declared that the death of the Repub- j
lie would be the sign of the death of Lib
erty, and that the generation would be
infamous which achieved Liberty and
failed to preserve it. lam a Federalist,
he said, lmt. madness rends the Spanish
nationality, while Italy and Germany are (
becoming more united. He reviewed the .
public life of M. Thiers, which lie said
was a life of warfare. In conclusion.
Senor Castellar invoked Divine protection
to save the liberty and integrity of Spain.
A RUN-OEE IN TEXAS.
Marshall, Texas, Aug. 25— Last night j
about 7 o’clock, a construction train laden j
with ties, forwarded by Dewey <fe Cos., J
penitentiary lessees, ran off the track a ;
mile and a half west of Gladewater Sta
tion, t irowing seven cars down an em
bankment, killing the conductor,Mr. Ken- i
Gall, of Council Bluff, lowa, and serious- ;
ly injuring many others. The following
are the names of the wounded as far as
ascertained:
J. J. Kelley, guard, cut all over; \Vm.
Price, guard, shot in the thigh by a gun
which exploded; James Smith, thigh
broken; a brakemun, leg broken; McD.
Sergeant, whose forehead was slightly
hurt, and nine convicts' whose names are
unknown. The wounded were all brought
to this city. It is reported that the acci
dent was caused by an ox jumping on the
track in front of the train.
ANOTHER GREAT EIRE.
Belfast, Me., Aug. 25.—A fire com
menced iu Bennet’s sail loft, north of
R. Sibley & Bro.’s wharf, and spread with
fearful rapidity along the wharves as far
as Carter’s ship yard and the Marine rail
way, crossing Union street, and extend
ing to High street, consuming all the
buildings in a southeast course as far as
the house of E. K. Bayle on High street,
where the fire was Btopped. Over one
hundred and twenty-five buildings were 1
detroyed, mostly of wood. Loss half
million.
The saddest incident of the fire was the
death of Miss Rebecca Prentiss, a well
known and much respected lady, aged 80,
who perished in the Frothingham House,
where she resided. She was either be
wildered by the smoke or fell in a fit. A
few charred bones were found this morn
ing. The Frothingham House was the
oldest two-story frame building here. It
was built about a century ago.
A SHOCKING COLLISION.
Rochester, Aug. 20. —Theexpress train
approaching Batavia collided with a car
riage. killing both occupants. One horse
was thrown a number or yards in a field ;
the other dragged until the train stopped.
The engineer, Jno. Day, stopped the train
as soon as possible, aud got off the engine
to see what was done. In passing in front
of the locomotive he saw it covered with
blood and brains, and was so overcome by 1
the shock that he walked but a few steps
when he fell. He was carried into the
smoking car and died iu a few minutes.
LIBERAL REPUBLICANS PROPOS
ING UNTON.
New York. August 25. — The Liberal
Republican State Executive Committee,
ihrough their chairman, John Cochran,
hive sent an invitation to the Democratic
State Committee to unite iu calling one
State Convention of those opposed to the
present Administration. 1
THE CHARGES AGAINST SENATOR
CARPENTER.
The V. Tribune Defies a Libel Suit.
New York, Aug. 23. —The Tribune to
morrow replies to the Milwaukee Evening
Wisconsin relative to the charges against
Senator Carpenter, from which the fol
lowing is extracted:
“These charges, says the tfinwwia,
are too grave to puss unnoticed. It adds
with a truthfulness to which we bear
cheerful witness so far as the Tribune
is concerned, that they are uttered by
journals of ample pecuniary responsibili
ty, which can be made to suffer most se
riously if they have given currency to re
ports that are false and libelous. We hope
the Wisconsin is correct when it says the
people demaud that the Senator of their
choice should vindicate his character.
There could not be a more reasonable de
mand. We desire to be distinctly under
stood. The Tribune makes no charge
that can’t be substantiated, and extenuates
i nothing, nor sets down aught in malice.
: To all organs which are calling for libel
prosecution we have only to say in the
I words of the Wisconsin paper that the
1 Tribune is a journal of ample peeuniary
responsibility. If Mr. Carpenter has been
aggrieved by any publication iu its col
-1 umus he has his remedy at law, aud what
; ever damage a jury of his countrymen
shall say he sustained will be paid. More
j than that, the Tribune will gladly pay
any sum iu damages to be convinced that
the life and conduct of Mr. Carpenter are
such as may be held up for an exainplo
instead of a warning to the young men of
the country. For proof of that the Tri
bune is ready to pay liberally.”
THE SMITH I'ILLE MURDER.
All for Five Dollars and Forty Cents.
Special to the Atlanta Herald.]
Macon, August 23. —The details of the
murder at Smithviile make it the most
awful crime ever committed iu Georgia.
When the train passed there to-day six
arrests had been made, but the real mur
derer is still in doubt. It is positively
denied that Jasper Larramore was the ,
murderer. The murder produced pro
found sensation in all that part of the
State. Never were more active exertions
made to catch the culprit. Up to 10 o’clock
to-night he had not been found. The
mother of deceased has lost her mind, j
He was buried yesterday afternoon. When
found, the body was cold, rigid and stiff.
It is supposed, therefore, that the mur- j
der took place as early as 11 or 12 o’clock
in the night. The head was half severed
from the body. The object of the mur- !
der was nothing in the world but robbery ,
of the store. There the murderer ob
tained five dollars aud forty cents, but j
failed to get into the patent drawer, where
a jarger sum was. He was the son of
blacksmith Johnson, and not the sou of the '
well known hotel keeper at Smithviile.
GRAND RAILROAD CONSOLIDA
TION.
Special to tlie Courier-Journal.
Memphis, August 22. -It is rumored in
railroad and financial circles here that
negotiations are now pending between
Gen. Malione, Col. Jaques, of the South
ern Security Company, and Gen. Rose
cranz, now in this city, involving the
consolidation of the East Tennessee, Vir
ginia and Georgia, the Memphis and
Chattanooga, the Bristol and Norfolk, the
Memphis and Little Rock, aud the Little
Rock and Fort Smith roads, all to be put
under the management of Gen. Mahone
aud Col. Jaques. aud to be extended up
the Canadian river to Albuquerque, aud
constitute the central route of the South
ern Pacific Trans-continental road. The
scheme, if consummated, will make Mem
phis quite an important point.
AH SIN IN LOVE.
Attempted Murder and Suicide.
San Francisso, August 2(s.—Oren Du-
Bose, a resident of San Jose, in this State,
had in his employ a young Chinaman
cook. The Chinaman fell in love with
Dußose’s daughter, aged 17, but the young
lady did not reciprocate his passion. He
obtained possession of her photograph;
she demanded its return yesterday; lie
gave the picture back to her and in tlie
same instant fired four shots at her from
a revolver, iter steel corset turned the
bullets and she escaped. The Chinaman
then blew his own brains out.
A DASTARDLY OUTRAGE.
An Fditor Assaulted with Vitriol.
New York, Aug. 24.—As Walter Gib
son, proprietor of tjie Harlem Local , was
entering his office last evening, an un
known person flung a cup of vitriol or
muriatic acid full iu his face, probably
destroying the sight of one, if not both,
of his eyes. The perpetrator of the deed
jumped into a buggy standing near, in
charge of a confederate, and disappeared.
Revenge for personal attacks by Gibson
in his paper is supposed to have prompt
ed the attack.
LARGE SEIZURE OF DIAMONDS.
New York, August 2(>. —Two hundred
and eighty-five uncut aud twelve cut
diamonds, from the South African fields,
valued at $30,000, were seized by custom
house officials on the person of H. Lan
caster, a Chicagoean, who arrived on the
City of Chester from Europe. A portion
of them were in a chamois skin bug
around Mr. Lancaster’s body. He denies
that he attempted to smuggle them.
I TEMS FROM NEW YORK.
New York, August 27.—The. tunnel
through which trains of the Now York
Central and Hudson River, Hartford and
New Haven, and New York, Harlem and
Albany Railroads enter tho city fell in
this morning, causing a temporary stop
page of all trains.
Gov. Dix has addressed a letter to
Mayor Ilavemeyer in reply to a request of
the latter for rifles for the police, and says
even if the means of granting the request
were at his disposal, he should decline,
considering it very doubtful whether the
public order or security would be pro
moted by the organization of an army
of military bodies under direction and
control of municipal corporations, inde
pendent of the military authority of the
State; and believing the existing mode of
putting down resistance to laws by calling
upon the military on extraordinary occa
sions is in all respects wisest and safest.
THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIPS.
New York, August 27. —The Directors
of the Panama Railroad Company held a
meeting to-day for the purpose of con
summating arrangements iu relation to a
loan to the Pacific Mu.J Steamship Com
pany, for which tlio t ..ojai-ed to take a
mortgage on the most seaworthy vessels
of the company, the attendance was
full. It was resolved by a majority vote
to pay the Pacific Mail Steamship Com
pany $500,000 on six vessels, provided the
company wiil make them a clear bill of
sale of each vessel
.1 BRAVE ROY KILLED.
New York, August 27.—Wm. Tarrell,
aged 13, who interfered to save a smaller
boy from a beating by Payne, aged 12,
was fatally stabbed by him. Payne was
arrested.
THE RADICAL WAR IN ARKANSAS.
Little Rock, Aug. 25. —Gen'l Bishop
has just returned from Perry county. Ho
reports that Manes is near Perryville with
about thirty men. Gen 1 Bishop made a
speech to the people, telling tnem that
Hambright, the Sheriff, should make all
the arrests'. While speaking, however,
the Sheriff left the crowd and was seen no
more. 'J’he people are very well disposed,
if tlie Sheriff would only do his duty. The
General recommends tlie organization of
militia in that county, aud to-night the
Governor commissioned officers for three
companies. More trouble is apprehended.
LEGAL DECISION.
Columbia, S. C., August 27. —The Su
preme Court to-day decided the case of
Morton, Bliss & Cos., bondholders, vs. the
State adversely to tax payers. The de
cision covers one hundred pages of legal
cap, and is just what the tax payers feared.
DESTRUCTIVE WATER SPOUT.
New York, August 27.—A water spout
at Evanguato, Mexico' destroyed much
property and some lives.
NO. 30.
WAR OX THE PLAINS.
FIERCEFIGHTIXG WITH IXDIASS
Gen. Custar's Orderly, Veterinary Sur
geon, Sutler and one Private Killed—
Custar and His Adjutant Have Horses
Shot from under them—Forty Indians
Killed and Wounded.
| Muscle Shoal River, August 19, via
Fort Benton, Montana, August 23. The
abundant preparation which the Yellow
| stone expedition made for the reception
‘ of Indians has been fnliv justified. On
August Uh Gen. Custar, with Bloody
Knife and a squadron of cavalry, had been
detailed by General Stanley to go on
several miles in advance of the wagons
and look up the road. Having gone about
ten miles ahead, they halted, and picketed
their horses iu the woods by the river to
wait for the train. Two hours afterward
six Indians appeared on the plain and
made demonstrations towards the camp.
A dismounted lino of skirmishers was
throw n out and horses saddled. The In
dians were easily driven off, but proved
the decoy of a large party in the neigh-
Itorbood wood, waiting iu ambush for the
cavalry. Finding the ruse failed, the In
dians to the number of 300 boldly rode
out and advanced on the ground occupied
by the cavalry. Gen. Custar had only one
squadron of 80 men under command of
Capt. Mayler. The men again dismounted
and formed a skirmish line. The Indians
also dismounted and formed in line in a
semi-circle around the. cavalry, who had
the river at their backs. A rapid firing
was kept up at a distance of 400 yards.
Gen. Custar deferred charging, hoping
the main command would soon come up
and assist in capturing the Indians. Af
ter three hours fight liis ammunition gave
out. He then charged the Indians, who
precipitately fled, dropping many of their
equipments. After retreating several
miles they took to the bad lands. One
man slightly wounded iu the arm and one
horse wounded formed the extent of Cus
tar’s loss. While the tight was going on
several Indians left the party in search of
stragglers from the train. Coming up
with Dr. Housinger, Veterinary Surgeon,
and Mr. Bolarine, cavalry suttler, who
were less than a mile from the column,
they killed them and took their clothes
and valuables. Private John Ball of the
cavalry, while out hunting, met a similar
fate. In this fight two Indians were kill
ed and several wounded. They lost sev
eral ponies.
Gen. Stnuley directed Gen. Custar to
take the cavalry, numbering 150 men,
follow the trail, and if possible overtake
and punish the Indians. Gen. Custar left
iu the night of the Bth. On the morning
of August 11th, at daylight, he was at
tacked by about 800 Indians, who came
down to the river and fired on his camp.
The filing was returned for two or three
hours, both parties using trees as cover, i
A party of three hundred Indians then
crossed the river above and below camp, !
endeavoring to surround them. The men
dismounted, posted on the bluffs, received
them bravely. The Indians beyond the
ridges kept up a galling fire until Custar
ordered a charge. The men then mounted !
and pursued them hotly for eight miles.
Just at this time the train came up and j
opened on the Indians across the river !
with artillery. A few shots dispersed
them and ended the fight
This battle, which took place within
two miles of the Big Korn, was a fierce
one. Gen. Custar and Adjutant Ketcham
had their horses shot under them; Lieut.
Braden badly shot in the thigh: private |
Tuttle, Gen. Custar’s orderly, killed, and
twenty soldiers slightly wounded; four
horses killed and three wounded. The j
Indians’ loss is estimated by Gen. Custar
at forty killed and wounded. The Indi
ans were well armed with Henry rifles and ,
an abundance of ammunition. Some
were dressed in clothes received at the
agency. These were mainly Comanches, 1
supposed to be under command of Sitting
Bull; also supposed to have received their
supply from Fort Feck, on the Missouri.
The expedition arrived at Pompcy’s Pillar
on the loth, and reached Muscle'Shoal,
150 miles from Fort Benson, on the 10th,
and is now, however, homeward bound.
Gen. Stanley expects to reach Fort Bice
by the Ist of October. The health of the
command is good. Lieut. Braden is get
ting on well.
The Right of .States to Tax Freight.
—The following points of a decision by
the Supreme Court of the United States,
in the case of the. Reading Railroad Com
pany against Pennsylvania, will interest
all connected with railroad transporta
tion :
1. The transportation of freight, or of
the subjects of commerce, is a constitu
tional part of commerce itself.
2. A tax in freight, transported
from State to State, is a regulation of
commerce among the States.
Whenever the subjects, in regard to
which a power to regulate commerce is
asserted, are in their nature national, or
admit of one uniform system or plan of
regulation, they are exclusively within
the regulating control of Congress.
•I. Transportation of passengers or mer
chandise through a State, or from one
State to another, is of this nature.
•i. Hence a statute of a State imposing
a tax upon freight, taken up within the
State and carried out of it, or taken up
without a State and brought within it, is
repugnant to that provision of the Consti
tu'-ion of the United States which ordains
that “Congress shall have power to regu
late commerce with foreign nations and
among the several States and with the In
dian tribes.”
Improvements at Reynolds. —The good
citizens of the growing little town of
Reynolds are wide-awake on the subject
of improvement. It is the prettiest site
m southwest Ga.jjfor a town, and is bound
to be a place of some importance. Three
or four new and very handsome dwelling
houses are now being built, besides seve
ral large and commodious store houses.
For healthfulness and salubrity of climate
it is unsurpassed, the citizens are moral,
intelligent and refined. Its rapid growth
is due to the energy and enterprise of her
citizens. The adjacent country is noted
for its fertility of soil, as some of the
richest plantations in this part of the
State are situated along the banks of
Flint river. Proper steps Lave been
taken to erect a handsome "College Build
ing,” which will accommodate 150 pupils.
The citizens have memorialized Col.
Wm. Wadley asking for anew depot
building at that place, signed by 125 of
the most prominent and substantial citi
zens of the town and surrounding country,
and that 500 additional signatures could
have been obtained if it was deemed essen
tial. The present depot is a dilapidated
wooden structure and should have been
torn down many years ago.— Fort Valley
Mirror.
A Grand Affair Approaching. —The
approaching Fest of the Augusta Deuts
eher Schuetzen Club, says the Constitu
tionalist, promises to be a grand demon
stration. In addition to the certain
attendance of the Savannah, Charleston
and Selma and other clubs, our city mili
tary companies—the Clinch Rifles, Ogle
thorpe Infantry, Irish Volunteers and
Richmond Hussars—have accepted the in
vitation of the Club to participate in tbeir
first annual parade and Schuetzenfest,
commencing on the 23d of September.
The Schuetzens are industriously exert
ing themselves to provide every amuse
ment calculated to entertain their guests
and interest the large crowd of visitors
expected from ail accessible points. They
have recently purchased a set of fifty Hy
ing horses, and will have them in position
ready for use during the fest. Other at
tractions are in contemplation, and will
be added in full time to make the occa
sion worthy of the most liberal patronage.
The Apalachicola Time s accuses us of
doing injustice to its county, because, in
quoting the present value of its real es
tate, we failed to say that, small as it was,
it was an increase of $12,521 over last
year. If our object had been, as the
Times suggests, “ridicule,” this omission
might fairly have been regarded as signi
ficant. But in view of the gratification
which we have lately expressed at the re
viving business and prosperity of Apala
chicola, and the hopes uttered that the
commerce between that port and Colum
bus was destined to be restored to its
former large proportions, we think that
the Times permits its sensitiveness to
lead it to captiousness.
BAS GEORGIA GROWS f»n r Est
SIXCE THE TIJ I! :■
The Contrary Proven.
LaGbange, Ga., August 23, 1873.
Editors Atlanta Constitution : Asser
tions are made that Georgia has grown
poorer since the war, and on the other
hand, that she has rapidly improved. Per
haps the philosophy of both will solve the
problem.
Georgia has increased in wealth since
1866, and the farmers have improved their
condition in spite of crop liens, bad labor,
and the peculiar wisdom of sleeping in
Georgia and boarding in Ohio.
Georgia had, in 1866, property valued,
on a gold basis, at $148,122,325. She
had in 18i2, $213,160,808, on a gold basis.
Showing an increase, from 1566 to 1872,
of $65,045,523, or in enrrenev now $74,-
480,323.
Thus iu six years Georgia added to her
wealth about the total gold value of all
the laud returned iu 186 G; there were re
turned iu 18GG 30,11G,929 acres, valued,
in U. S. currency, at $100,112,524, or in
gold (50 per cent, premium) valued at
$68,741,633.
This work was accomplished iu spite of
a decrease in the number of laborers, for
although the aggregate population had in
creased, there were only 114,990 hands
between 12-65 reported in 1871, while in
1566 there were returned 139,988 —a de
crease of 24,889 laborers.
In 1872, the number was 110,439 —a
further decrease of 4,560, or total in six
years of 29,549.
The number of hands employed in 1870,
was still smaller, 106,268 ; while in 1869
the number was 106,739.
So fact No. 1 is, that Georgia grew
richer from 18G6 to by $65,045,525
iu gold, although she had fewer laborers
by 25,000 to 32,000. Increase in six years
and a half of about 44 per cent, in value
of total property. Os course the yearly
figures show great fluctuations, and many
things decreased in value.
It has been asserted that the value of
live stock decreased by millions from
1867 to 1871. Here are the figures:
Georgia had iu 1867, or February. 1868:
Horses, 73,342, worth $5,189,672 ; mules,
64,955, worth $5,454,356; oxen and other
cattle, 334,994, worth $3,607,885; cows,
252,383, worth $5,315,185; sheep, 314,-
875, worth $539,223; hogs, 1,404.951,
worth $6,357,399.
Georgia had in February, 1872: Horses,
115,000, worth $11,192,950; mules, 90,-
900, worth $11,088,891; oxen and other
cattle, 401,300, Worth $4,105,299; cows,
260,000, worth $5,410,600; sheep, 258.-
700, worth $395,811; hogs, 1,528,900,
worth $5,975,948.
(These figures rs to live stock are taken
from reports of the Agricultural Depart
ment for 1867 and 1871, respectively.)
Showing a
Total for February, 1872 $37,269,499
Total for February, 1868 26,463,675
Increase in four years ,$10,805,824
Besides tho difference in the currency,
at least 25 per cent. more,
j So fact No. 2is that the value of live
I stock in Georgia was abont eleven mil
lions more in 1872 thau in 1868 —an in
crease of over 40 per cent, iu four years.
In corroboration of the above figures,
the report of the Comptroller iu January,
1873, says:
During the last four (4) years there has
been an increase of over forty-eight (48)
millions of dollars.
In April, 1872, the Comptroller says :
“This report exhibits a gradual but
! steady increase of the taxable property
every year, and shows that our people are
steadily accumulating wealth.’’
Iu April, 1871, the Comptroller says:
“This shows that the people of the
' State of Georgia are in a prosperous con
dition, and that agriculture, commerce
! and internal improvements are flourish
ing.”
The following figures sustain these say
! ings:
Aggregate value of all prop
erty in 1872 was $243,620,466
In 1871 234,492,468
Increase of one year $ 9,127,998
In 1870 value was $226,329,76!*. In
crease to next year $8,162,699. In 1869
. aggregate value $204,481,706. Increase
: 1868-1870 $21,848,063. There was an in
crease from 1868-1869 of $14,449,535.
Aggregating by these figures a total of
! $53,588,295, if correct.
Everybody agrees that, Georgia was
doing pretty well in 1857-8:
The property was in 1857 $527,828,963;
in 1858, $530,055,114. Increase, sll,-
226,151, or about per cent.
In 1869, she had capital $204,481,706;
lin 1870, $226,329,769. Increase, $21,-
848,163, or about 10J- per cent.
So those figures, taken from the reports
of the comptroller and from the Agricul
tural Department at Washington, if relia
ble, show, at least, that Georgia has not
“grown poorer since the war,” but, on
the contrary, has improved to some ex
tent, if not so rapidly as she could, had
middlemen not absorbed so much of the
profits of farming, and had more practi
cal common sense been displayed in the
management of farming finances.
If farmers liavo not saved more of the
money that they made, the fault isein
themselves uid not in their stars.
W. O. T.
LaGrange, Ga., August 23, 1873.
EARLY’S ADDRESS,
More Southern Histories of (he AVar Call
ed For.
Jubal Early delivered an address at tho
recent meeting in Vienna of the Southern
Historical Convention, held, as Governor
Letcher, its chairman, said, “to vindicate
our people before the world, and show
that theirs was the cause of righteousness,
justice, and truth.” Early, the Richmond
Dispatch informs us, was “greeted with
loud applause when he came forward.
After a cordial welcome to his comrades
from other States, he spoke ably for the
importance of preserving the truth of
history in general and of the late war in
particular. He denied that suceess is a
criterion of right, and cited various his
toric examples in refutation of this the
ory. He denied the proposition that wo
had submitted everything to the arbitra
ment of the sword, and had lost all, and
drew a vivid and amuseing picture of the
newly pledged loyalist trying to keep step
to the music of ‘John Brown’s Soul is
Marching On.’ He believed that a day of
retribution to the North would come, and
that the present demoralized condition of
the politics of the country was but a to
ken of the coming storm. The South can
not escape the verdict of history. Wo
will go down to posterity either as rebels
and traitors or as patriots, and we must
see to it that the record is right. Ha
would not trust our enemies or the non
combattants among ourselves to tell tho
story for posterity. He alluded to
various misrepresentations on the
part of Northern historians, and
dwelt especially upon the claim they mako
that the Confederates outnumbered tho
Federals in nearly every battle of the war.
He scathingly reviewed the claim of Mc-
Clellan that Lee outnumbered him before
Richmond, and Gen. Humphrey that Lee
outnumbered Meade at Gettysburg—tri
umphantly refuted them by facts and
figures, and said that he wondered that
some Northern man did not claim that
Lee outnumbered Grant at Appomattox.
He quoted from Halleek’s and Rope’s dis
patches illustrations of how Northern his
tory is manufactured. He was very se
vere on so-called Southern histories writ
ten by non-combatants, facetiously showed
the difference between fighting battles on
paper and in the field, and insisted that
the true history of the war is yet to be
written by Southern men who fought it.
He insisted that we had examples of true
heroism unsurpassed in all the annals of
history, and touchingly compared the de
votion of a Southern mother in the Valley
of Moorfield, who devoted a noble boy to
the service of the country with the story
of Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi.
He admitted that there was a dark side to
the picture in the lives of those who
skulked during the war, and of those who,
with a good war record, had deserted to
the enemy since the war ; but eloquently
argued that a people who had given to the
world Stonewall Jackson, Albert Sidney
Johnston and Robert E. Lee, with living
men worthy to be their compeers, need
not fear to have their true history given
to the world. He said that this conven
tion was called to put on foot some plan
by which these grand ends can be accom
plished.”
A Large Cargo or Powder. The
Schooner S. R. Franklin arrived here
from Boston on Sunday with a cargo of
450 kegs of powder and some other mer
chandise, and moored at the Exchange
wharf. Fifty kegs of this powder are
consigned to dealers iu the city, bnt the
balance, 400 kegs are consigned “to or
der.” After diligent but unsuccessful
efforts on the part of the port wardens to
find some claimant or claimants, they
have determined to send the powder out
to the magazine, where it will be stored.
In the meantime they have ordered the
schooner away from the wharf to a posi
tion in the middle of the river.—Savan
nah Advertiser. .