Newspaper Page Text
VOLUME XXXV.]
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 21. 1863.
i{ J J 0 tl r J N, SISB E-T, B A RX ES & MUORi |
Pablishsrs and Proprietors.
. \
ROU«JIITO.V, (
SI . IVIKBET.
( I'dllort.
ib!)c CaitMmlt Pinion
GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE
To the Legislature of the. Stale o)
Georgia.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, \
Macon, Ga , Feb. 15, ! -Go. ^
To the Senate and tl use of Representatives:
Since your adjournment in November, the artn\
Is published Weekly, in ^[I'ffbiJson Sts , of invasion, ltd I.y a bold and skillful General
Corner of
(opposite ( our .
At $l 2 a year hi Advance.
advertising.
ti i\MEST.—Five Dollars per square cf ten i
j: a ei fur each insertion- . j
', . , ites of respect, li solutions by Societies.(Obit ;
., v . ier< ex.cee.linK six lines.) Nominations for office, ;
,11 i mirations <>r K litorial notices for individual |
benefit, charged as transient advertising. _ j
LltfiAL ADVERTISING:
S'.\ -riff's sales, per levy of tea lines, or less,$10 00 j
“ Mortgage fi fa sales, per square, 2<) 00 !
lVi Collector’s Sales, per square, W *»«»
Ciiatious for Letters of Administration, 10 00
i Lave passed through our State, laid waste ou,
! fields, burned many dwelling houses, destroyer
county records, epp ied the torch to gia-houses,
' cotton, and o{her property, occupied and desecra- i
ted the capitol, and now hold the city of .Xu van i
i nail, which gives them a water base from which
l they may in iutuie operate upon the interior it
ti;c Suite.
The ai%y of Tennessee, which contained s :
laige number cf Georgia troops, and was reded
on as the ouiy bairrier to Fherman’s advance, th-
removal of w iiich left Georgia at the mercy of tin :
enemy, was ordered off’beyond the Tennessee rivei
• Hi-on a campaign which Iras terminated in disas
ter. in lhe*midst of I lose misfortunes Georgia
i lias been taunted by some of the .public journals
j ol other States because her people did not drive
. back and destroy the army of tlie enemy. Those
I who d<> us this injustice tail to state tile well
know n fact that ot all the tens ol thousands of vr-
jeet to rotate service, who do not immediately r»
uo.t oi duty, when required by General Orders —
ns failure to discharge this duty faithfully am
tn<:ieni]y, the Governor should be authorized t-
order them into the field for active duty in pine
of those permitted by them to remain at home
w.ho owe active service.
As tlie detail of the tnen over fifty years of ag
tor this-service at home, who were called out pro
r to tiie organization of part of the brigades nov
iu the field, has reduced them below the propc
“number of a brigade, and has left supernumerary
iffieers, provision should be made for a re-organ;
zi’ion by election of tlie Brigades. Regiments
Battalions and Companies now in service, re
Living tLe number of organizations as may b>
iri-p-r, and the commissions of ail not electee
-hoiyid be suspended and they be rrqpired to d;
si rvice. This would make die organiz iri%>us nior
If ' live. Tiie militia under fifty years of age or
■.••ii'zeit ps above suggested should bo known as
the Active Militia. . -
p* nnanent General Court Martial should h-
•sf.:tiliahed for the trial of deserters and other de
onquents This would secure the enforcement ot
Wi'eipline, and the execution of a few guilty pi
The Georgia Military Institute.
The number of cadets in this institution ha
>eeu considerably increased.
Upon the advance of Sherman’s army the bat
aiinn of cadets was ordered into active service —
ft the Oconee bridge and other places where the'
met tlio enemy they acted with distinguished
antry. The State Ims much reason lo be proui
•f this gallant young corps.
I must not omit to mention with niv warmest
tpprobation the conduct :f the Stale : touts undo
Juptaiu Talbot, who has shown himself lo he a
gallant, fearless leader.
Prude ds Aitil ery and the other troops of M
ior Caper’s bartaiiou, are a’so eii'itled to honor
>!e noiice. This whole battalion under its chi'
liious leader, in presence of Adjutant and I us pet
or General Wavne, who accompanitd them dm
ing the campaign from Gordon to Savannah am
thence to Augus’a, discharged their duty energy -
ich! 1 y and faithfully. Th* report ot General
A71; no w ill be laid before the Military Coinmitter
of tiie two Houses upon application.
Military Appropriation.
__ I beg leeve again rfiost respectfully to invit
s-uis, would stop dfrseitii.il. The militia orgauiza t attention of the General Assembly to that part of and spent years in tiie
non completed upon this basis should ijg kept b» ; my late annual message which relates to tiie mi. j camp life*
the State during the war for t4e defence of he' ] bury appropriation. The sum appropriated wii
nam with us, to peiforui deeds of heroic valor
•x hen they are fighting to continue the enslave
irt-nt of their wives and children. It js not rea
-enable lor us to demand it ot them, and we hav>
httle cause Jo expect the blessing ot Heaven up
"ii cut efi'jrts if we compel them to perform such a
task.
it we are right, and Provid* nee designed then
for shiv ry, llodid nut inteiui that they 'shonle
to* n mi irary peoplo Whcrwvi r we establish tin
fact til l* they are a military race, we destroy oui
vvlioie tlieo.y that they are unfit tube free.
But it is said we should give them lie ii freed on
in case of tlwir fidelity to-our cause in the th-le
i in other words, that we should give ups avery. a?
! well as our personal liberty and State sovereignty
! for independence, and should s. t all our: laves fret
; if they w ill ni l us to achieve it.. If we are ready
i to give up Slavery, I nut i- .tisfi d we cm r.skc ii
| the COlisLfikr.i H i. mi .. linn i iiauc ih.m to ; '.'0 i'
[ for the uncertain aid which They might liti'-a l us
1 iu the military field- Wi--;, we atm the slaves.
ire abandon slavery. \\’e can never again-gov
< t-rn them as slav. 3, and make t 1m* iuriitutiun .prof-
| ilable to ourselves or to ihc-rn, afii-l lens i t tf.oi;; •
i vnds of ihem have beit. taugtii the use of arms.
indolent mdulgcncios (•!
It tiie General Assembly should a iopt my r«>-
XIMBER 37.
road shot's tea mb oats', "or ""throug iT r-wiw or cities,
upon lawful business,are arrested if they fail to
carry passes, while federal spies procure or forge
s, and travel over our thoroughfares «t their
pleasure.
In many partsjof the Confederacy, not in pos.
sessiou of the enemy, the govt rnment has ceusea
o protect either life or property, and its own sul-
ikiw, who have left the f.-out without discipline or
control, often, united with othe-s professing to bo
m service and wearing the dress of the soldier,
ire passing over tho country iu numerous bands,
robbing our citizens and destroy ir g their prop-
• • tiiio the oui men and hoys cf this State leav
ing important lion,e-mteresis tusulftr; have bten
< :gt it to t-.ke up anus t,, resist the i nemy, Ilious-
| yi img .iblt-l.oditd ii'ct, of this act other
"it. s, lu t• (vn eighteen ai d fom-five years of
ge me prut, cted by Confederate aoiborii'. . on ac
count ot their wealth oi othr-r influence, from ser-
vjcu in the fieltt. and under j ret* xt of sumu nomi
nal employment for the government, are allowed
remain out ot the reach at danger, and devoto
most of their time to their speculations or other
individual pursuits.
Our financial affairs haw keen so inif.irtunately
j adn i.iisttrtd that our currency is wortii reiy lmlo
| tn Hie maikct; and ourpublic ti.itii lias been so
terri’ory. ami the execution of iur Uwg, a;;d | *>o uhulij iiMdtquate. If it its not jiirnaseci, I j cuiunieiiiktion by the call of a Convc-miu?!. I wool. * V frequently RtiU wiliuily violated that it wiil
Guardianship,
10 fib tern infantry, inciuding most of tiie vigor and
I attors of annlication for distn’n.from Adm’nlfi Cfi | manhood or the State, which she hi
,, 11 ,, Guard'n 1<» fib i fwr Confederate service, but a single r
.. ... : G'-otgia Regulars.) of about thiee hu
should, in no case, b.7 turned over to the unliuiit- | shall ho under the unpleasant necessity, so sooi
eJ ccutiol of the Confederate Government cr auy I as it is exhausted, which will be in a short tim
othr power Nor should it he sent out of the ! of again convening you to supply the deficiency
sugg -St ttiat (ms too Wuuiti he
its serious considtration
ubjoct cifc.serv-
and decided ac-
Appl n for leave to sail land and negroes,
Nsties to Debtors and Creditors.
Sales ot land or negroes, per square,
" perishable property, lb days,per sq
Estray Notices, 30 days,
Foreclosure of Mortgage, per square.
EE< 1 aL AL>VERTISEMENTS.
Ifi (Ml
Jt» lb
1C tb
4 0(;
in (It;
4 ufi
ive men, whs permuted t<> be upon her sot! during I
the match oi General ■•sliermari Iroin her North-
w, s’tin border totlio city oi Savannah; and even
that galiiiut login.> nt was kept upon one of our j
is anils n.ost ot Uifc time, ami nut pern nted to ;
unite with tlioi-e who met the enemy. Nor were I
tiie places of uur absent sons titled by troops fioni ;
other States. One tuinadeot Confed'-rate troops !
. , , , . . , , _ was sent bv the President frern Xortii Carolina, !
f L'iml and Negroes, hy AdHimistrs.to.s,^Es- j wLich reac ,Vd Gempia af.e, her capitol was in
tiie possession of the enemy.
i bus abandoned to in r i’a'c and neglected hy J
the Col:itfit-iiitie authoisties, lire Slat*- was left to !
di'ieiid hereself a> best stie could against a .viefo- .
rious army ot n*ai!y lilty theuisanu of the best'
trained veteran troops of tile United Stat- s, with
only the Georgia rtserves and militia, consisting |
of a few thousand old men and boys, while tier !
army ot able-bodied gallant tons were liMfi t.-r the -
detenee ot other States, and deni; d the privilege) to organ ze.
to return and st’ike an lionest blow for t.i e prott-e conscription
she had furnished i State unless it is for the protection of some pari | "'o cannot conduct ti e operas ions of war w ilium
Ie regiment (tiie i of our border, except in such cases of miH-rge.ncy
hundred eliect- ! as iu the opinion of the Governor make it propei
,ii ,»r Guardiaus.are required by law tube belli
li st Tuesday in the month; between the houn
uillio ioreuouii a ad three in the ufU-rnoon, a! ibi
. iit , in tiie county in which the propel tj ir
ie - of tUe,se sales' must begivenin a publii pn-
t i dayspreviousto tiie day of *nle
tiie sale of personal property nuu-t be
. v - i i aka uiaauur I' 1 days previous to sale day.
’ N* ilines to the dcOtors aud creditors of an estate
.. i’^o |}{. onnished 4fi days.
N . that application will be made to the Court of
Or'linary for leave to sell Laud or Negroes .must be
u ut.idled for two months. .
v , ■ . u-tters of Administration Guardianship,
« „,-i h- pnbtislied 3d days—far dismirsion from
A i ,fi:iistration, monthly six months-for oismiasioD
:n» n t'r iardiauship,40 days ... . ,
r ntreelosure of Mortgage must be published
„ -Ju for four month'—(or esuiblisl.ing lost papers,
fail spore ofiree month*— fureonipcdn glitb-s
j- . ;1 i-l vai utors or a.lniiitUrntors,where bomi has been
- . - • i ;,v the deceased the full space of three mouths
‘ i> afiieations will a’.way - be omitinned aceordu p to
,.l.c leg'll requirements,milessotherwisioritcieu.
Book anl Job work, of all kinds
that Georgia give aid for a limited time to a sistei
State.
The Confederate Ccnstilu’ion au-hnriz-s the
State to luiy troops iu time of war. This is a re
served ngut, tho exercise of which by the {State
violates no right o* tho Confederate Government,
an.I infringes upon no delegated powers ; nor is
the exercise of a plainly reserved right by the
S-ate a breach of faith eifheV to the Confederacy
or any sister State.
Our recent sad experience has shown the wL'dom
of the reservation. But fot the troops kept by
the State the city where 3 ou are 'now assembled
would hav • been occupied,' plundered and sacked
by the enemy in their late march through the in
terior,
i tie Constitution limits the State to no particu
lar CiR3s or age. She may hup troops composed
of any part of lier citizens whom she may chest
If we admit tlie constitutionality o.
which authorizes Congress to con
tain of tin-ir homes, their piupeity, their wives j scribe our citizens to ruse atmits. hat provision
and their children. ! of the constitution must bo construed with, and
h.lo she C01 federate reserves in other Slates j limited by, the reservation iu the same instrument
have bet n but little <d their time in t e field on ac- i of the light of the State to keep tioops ill time of
live dut>. ai.d tl.e nulitia. ensisting ot boy s he- i war. This would mske the jurisdiction oi the
money.
Impressment*.
I beg leave to evil the attention of theLeg-sls-
tnro to the necessity for the passage of a law au-
ihorizil-g tiie impres-ment of provisions in the
hands ot persons under bonds to the Confederate
Government, or others who refuse to fu ll their sur
plus at market value fox use ot indigent 5pl
diers’ families, and of persons who are. left disti-
tute by the ravages of the enemy, or of our own
cavalry, wlio receive aid from the State, ondc-i the
legislation enacted for that purpose, I he cases
aro very rare where it would be nocussaiy to re
sort to impressment, if the people were left feet; to
sell their surplus iu the market; but they are do,
nied that privilege by (lie Confederate Govern
bo
vith great difficulty that we can ro inspire our
people with confidence in the pledges of tiie gov-
ernuH-nt. 11 is anuounceii as the future policy of
the financial department to issue no more i reasu-
ry iiuk?, and to receive nothing else in payment of
i It can never be adniitted by the State that flu
j '"’onfederare Governineiil. has any power dir ctly
I or indirectly to abolish slavery. Hie provision in ! public dues till the quantity is"rtduced‘lo bealthv
j lie Consmuiiou wnicti by implic.itioii outliprizet. ! circuiaticn. This would be bmificial to the hoiJ-
j tii3 Coiiiodefate Govjiiiiinent, to t;.'.i' jnivntc prop^ ers ut tiie notes . As the armies arc to bo supnor-
i y for pablic usee niv auihoiizes the use of thel ted, however, at a cost of hundreds of millions' of
j .'reporty’ during tho existence of the emeigeuej | dollars per annum, the announcement leaves no
I which justifies the taking. To illust ate: Ju time ) donbi that it hi lu be done in a great measure by
j 4 w;\r it may be necessary for the Government to! seizing property ami paying ter it in ceititicates
;ako from a citizen a business house to hold com or bonds which will uot pass as currency 01 in
j missary stores. Tuis it may do (if a suit.T’.do one 1 piyment of taxes. This would lie lit ties' better
j canuot be hau by contract) ou pay met-' to the than legalized robbery, and if practiced loii" 1 by
. ’wuer of just compcnsaiion for tins ueo of the j any government will diive the (■«;., ie to rtvooi-
| bouse. But this tah ng cannot, change the fi;k ; tion «s the only uuaos lett ot throw ii-g iff i„ ty |.
! of the land, and vest it in the government. When- j erable burdens.
! ever the emergency has passed, the Govern 1
twain Mxteiti ju
tween fifty a! *.; .-!:
by tin Confederate
the States bten i«
r; serves, the rt-sei
id se 11 teen, and old mtn tie-
r.ty, aifd agricultmalists detailed
government have not in roost of
•■ol < tu at ail, the Confederare
vc mi itin, the detailed men. the
Confederate and fctate Governments coneurri
over the arms-bearing population- of tlie States in
time of war
ment. haring been compelled to give bond to s;l!
all their eurolus to its agents at schedule pi ices, j
which are far below market value* These persons ;
would gladiy sell to State or county agents, bu:
they ure threatened with a revocation ot ill irue i
tails, and with immediate compulsion to enter |
si rvice if they do so. The State should never :
submit 10 be driven out of her own markets am!
denied the privilege of purchasing from her own
citiz-iis t>y the act of any other government or
power. 1 therefore recommend the passage of a :
law authorizing the Justices of the Inferior Court. ,
of each county, with the consent or order of the j
can no longer legally hold.the
i to return it to the owner So.
uv, but is bound
tho Government
PROMPTLY AND NEATLY
A T T !1 i “ O * •' ’ ‘
EXEC T TED
i e »:.
r^r When a subscriber finds a cross markon
hi-paper be will know that his subscription has
expired, or is about to expire, and must be renew
ed if he wishes the papei continued.
IT*” *V e do not send receipts to new suhscri-
liers. If they receive the paper they may know
that we have received the 1110110.1*.
Subscribers wishing their papers changed
join one post-oSica to an ither must slat* the
name of th" post-office rern which they wish it
changed.
GEORGIA, licriii-n county.
\i r IlEREAS, 1> P. McDonald applies to me for
11 li-tttr.'ot adiniiiistratiouon the estate of llenry
Stokes late of said county dee’d.
And, Whereas. Absalom Parrish A Tahiti a Parrish | *rom her mountain
npplies to me for fetters of administration on the E.-tute ( ed their property
of James Parrish late of said county deceasid.
And, IVIuTeas, Mary E. Parrish applies to me for |
let’",s of juiministration de bonis non on the estate ot
Ez.'kie! Parrish late of said county deceased
exempts fi( .n Conieueiate service, and most of)
the Ma e 1 items, civil as welt as military, have I
; iii thisbta e t een kept in th; field aimest constant- |
!y for the last eight mouths.
These troops oi c.a.-S'* not ordered out clse-
j wfiete w eu#pt»Ced under the contiol or the C'.n-
udciate Gmitrnl conimtu.dliig the department.'
and Lave paniripaitd in every importuiiT li^ht
from K« nut-saw in this State to (ftahamvilic or 1
Loifcty liiil in South Uaroliua The important )
, victoiy at the latter place wtuf achieved by the j
Geoigin n.iliiia. the Georgia reserves, tie Gemgia
<5ti;fi- line, the Forty-si vent h Georgia Regiment,
and a very small number ot .South Carolinians, ail
1 commanded by that able and accomplished officer.
Major General G VV. Smith, of tbe Georgia n.iii
tia. As i hive seen no Confederate official tic i
count of this important engagemcii*, which gives
the credit wheieit is justiy due, I mention ilioso
facts as part of the history of our State
li' 4I' the sons ot Georgia under am.*, in othei
Stales, of which nearly firry regiments "ere in
Virginia, besides those in the (,‘arot,nus, Florida,
and Tennessee, had be, n permitted to meet th- too
Upon hei own soil, without other assistance, Gen
eral Sherman's army could never have passed
to her seaboard, and destroy-
Mud their homes. lie- had
nearly four hundred mil. s. to maicii over an ene
my 's country ; he was entirely dependent upon
the wagon t’airi which he carried with him for A
Goverm r. to impress provisions in tlieir resuect-
It. t * ows in that case the Govern- s. . „i/ » r ... . -
. . . „ , , ive counties, for se.Wiers families and
ment which first organizes and places tho troops
in actual service has a right to hold them as e-
gainst the other i he State act-d ujion this rule
may impress slaves to do t!w- labor of servants. t>
to fortify a city, if it cannot obtain them by con-
tra-'t.aiid it is b-Mtod to pay tho owner just ^ 1 ire*
tin the lime il u-os them. But. tlio iinjiressnueut ▼
can vest no t;llc to the slave in the Governun ni I
tor a longer period than the emergency requires .
tha labor. It ii.-.s not the shadow of imht 1 ■ ini-
press ami paj?_fc:' a slave to sat him free'. The 1
uionv lit it ce:iM-> t') runt his labor t oe nsi. reverts
to the owner who has the title. If wo admit the
right of the Goveriimeii#to impress and pay for
siaves to free ihem we concede i<s power to abol
ish slavery, and change our d 'incstic institutions
at its pleasure, an I to tax us to rai?o the money
By it* oft a t to grasp absolu’c power, the Confedcr;
' .'iiiiiiiiiistiatie’e has greatly weakeued otir armies-
and r< ii; • have *.iio'vn Us utter iimbilii v, wilii all the
p over p: iced ;u iis liuiida.to teernit and Till them up to
11 nuuibersulfieieiit l,*^ ; f.-t The emergency.
So ttttal have been tlit.* results of our wretched con-
rcri))tjyn policy,which, however well adapted to cou-
trol Eiiioi ean rfs.or those raised to !>•• slaves ufpow-
er, is so repiigne.ut to the feelings and spirit ,,l ;t free
people, ttiat it has driven our men in desjmir to delin-
qtieucy ami desertion till the Prisidei.t Uns iut-ivuud
use county in his Mucoit sp-• , Ii, ms repi.rtcil, that two-
ihii'i.s ot tlto.se Wlio compose i,ur aiTnikH aro absent
m -r ol them Wit:.out. leave. It this he true, it shews
:t l uueJit inle .want of patriotism and courage on the
part ot the people, or an unwise and injudicious policy
on the part of the administration, which imperils the
\ cry r.i.stence of the Coiifeiieriicy, and call* for promt,t
r.ii.t i.n Hiun U ..t ,tti. ...... 1 / •
the organization of the two regiments of the
fttite Line, Composed of persons of all ages able to
do service who volunteered He# right to keep
these troops has never been questioned by the
Confedeiiite government, nor indeed can it be.
That portion of the militia < rganization not
compost d of Confederate exempts are generally of
the most us*ft.l eift*!s of agriculturalists, whose
services at home during the mure cutica! period of ac » ( will be impossible for the State and c
the i"op, are indispensably necessary to the pro- lv within the limits of the State, to
Whenever these tnen can be
supply of ammunition, without the possibility of
„1. Whereas Neiiy Ann MeCutcliep applies to f replenis' ing after whi.t he had was consumed —
i',,r h-tlers of guardianship on thd persons and j Had he been resisted from the start byacoinpe-
1 it v of the niinor"licir.s ot Robert McCutchen lute tint force, and compelled to fight, Ins ordnance j
mty deceased. I stores must soon have been exhausted, and hei
| forced to an unconditional surrender. Such an
other opportunity to strike the enemy a stunning
blow will not probably occur during the w ar. The
, destruction ot this army would have re inspired
I our people w it It fi<pe, depr ssed the spiiits of our
■I enemies,and might have prepared ihe way speedily
f T the negotiation of an Imno.-ab.e peace It could
have been done by the Georgia troops if permit
ted. It should have been done at the expense, if
! necessary, of the evacuation ot Richmond, and
j the use of Gen. Lee's whole army thrown rapidly
into Georgia*for that purpose. No one would le-
i grt ! more than I to see last city, which has been
j so long ami so nobly* defended, surrender to
eased.
I . arc ilicrefi re to cite and admonish all persons
■ :• -led t<> tile their objections if any they* have witli-
1 the time prescribed by law, why said letters should
ot be granted.
V, ness inv hand officially, January 9th I Si:.-,.
5t ' I’d ? ->0 W. E. CONNELL. Ord'v
GEORGIA, Twiggs County.
\\ r HEREAS, Mrs. Julia E. Jones has applied
W for the guardianship ol five minor chiidnn
cfl'r F M. Jones, deceased.
Adpaities interested, are hereby notified that
letters will issue to said Julia h. Jones at the
March term of this Court unless valid objections
be made.
auction of supplies
spared from heme they should be kept in service,
if the emergency require it 15 ,t they should not be
turned over to unlimited Confederate control to be
carried away from the State permamently, to the
ruin of her material and productive interests. So
long as they faiihfulh <lisclia,ge their duty when
called out, tiie State should keep them, giving them
furloughs at such times as ate necessary to secure
their crop?, jf it can possibly be done. All who
ere absent without leave, when ordered out L-y
the Tatate, sh. tiid be turned over to Confederate
service for the war without rtgnrd to rank or age.
This would stimulate them to prompt obedience to
erdtrs when called The chief difficulty in the
way ot granting furloughs for limited periods
iv tie 11 the troops could be spared, grows out of the
fact that they often fail to respond promptly at the
end of tile time allowed them.
On the 3(!th of August last, when the militia un
der tiie command r,f Majortleneral G W. Smith,
were in the trenches around Atlanta, a veiy short
time before tlie fail of the city, tiie President made
a requisition upon me for them with eik others
that 1 might he able to organize. At the timbthe
requisition was made il.cse troops had been for
months in active service with the Army of Ten
nessee, under the command of the General w i.o
controlled it. They had participated in s-vera!
engagements—had acted with distinguished gal
lantry ; and had been about forty day* almost con
stantly under fi^e around the city. Rations were
issued to them by order of the Confederate Gener
al in command—and he had promised that they
shoo'd be paid as other troops in the Confederate
service.
Tin S" troops were composed mostly of boys be
ive depat intents.
The nctslioutd provide, in case of such impress
ments, for a fair valuation of property impressed,
and for payment of market value as just eompen-
saiion'to the owner. Without the passage of this
on ii-
ty agents, within the limits of the State, to pur
chase the supplies which are indispensable.
The appropriation of money wiil avail nothing
if the Confederate agents can lock the cribs and
smoke-houses of the people of the State against
her purchasing agents. 1 have been unable, tin-
lies and iuiii 'eut . 7 7; 7""’ V” ' '“'".r T“"*' ay ! i •UL-rgetic action on the part of the people u, coin-
above mentioned ! for P. ar P°' e / am ‘' ot *. lvnr ® °\ t5ie I»«'« c, “"p. of policy, which, it longer persisted n,
. . . *_ . 7Vc ey of such a monstrous doctrine in the old Con- much result m uttenuiu.
If a planter who has-one hundred faithful, trustwor
thy hands upon Lis farm should employ an overseer
to manage it, and should visit it at a critical period of
t: e crop, find find that twv-thiids of his hands up.*, and
foru considerable time have been absent, unit’that
x; > . . . •—•mas. the crop is being lost on that ttcconut. he would donf.t-
Nosucii consent can oyer be given by this less decide that the policy of the overseer was roimms
State without a previous alteration ot her Const!
refugees, when, from the cause auo*o iucu.iuucu, ^
11 may be necessary to enable them to procure tile j W88 , bv an y one of the more rational class of aboii-
suppln-s r > q tu red lor that purpose; nuB also au- ti9liists . ltC ominl V never found au advocate
tbonzing the Quartermaster General aud Com , iu Southern statesman.
m.s-ary General of the State to make similar im I N(l siave can ever be libcrubid bv the Confedor-
presMinents. with tho like oruor, for their respect- ; ate Qovi rnment without the consent of the S'.-U
tutiou. And no such alteration can bo made with
out a convention uf her people.
Our Present and Prospective Condition.
As I tecl that I should act tho part of an un-
1 shot
to his lutera'p flnd dismiss him without hesitation.
The people o v , j; Confederacy havT employed an
agent to conduct for them a war for the dearest rights
of freemen, and have placed at his command, subject
to the restraints thrown around him by the constitu
tional charter, and the great principles c c 'personal
ernment,
faithful sentinel upon tho watch tower it I should 1 liberty which lie et the fsnudiition of tree 0
flatter the country with delusive hopes, candor : hundreds of thousands ot ns gallant self-sacrificing
compels ms to say that all i - uot well. That, the j c;tlzen soldiers as ever took up arms in a righteous
people may be aroused to the nec&ssary*fi'ori to a-.f caase '„n-| 6 !, as a a °H te , a P c “ c .v which has ignored
vert calamity, it is important that tliey should know to the 1 field In orc-nni/arioBs and
der the late appropriation, to supply the demand.- i and appreciate their tine condition. I tell them own choice, wlio have ' their 1 es'»ct U 'a'id° J'nti
of those iu great distress, ior want of this la.v. It j therefore, that the whole body politic is diseased, j deuce! The result has been ns*our agent tells
it is not passed, a great deal of suffering will be I and uuless active remedies are administered speed- j us, that two thirds of these soldiers are absent
! ily, that dissolution and death must be the ine- i the larger portion without leave, at a time when
; vitablo result. ' ; tbyir tiDsence endangers our existence ns a people.—
i Our constitution has been violated and tramp- : tlien duty of the people of these states.—
! led under foot: and.the rights and sovereignty of Jae anaiver is plain. They should compel their agent
. . a • 1 t j 1* ». , , ‘7 * . to clittngti .11^ polic-T which treats fiee v'ltizeu aoifiiers
: ho Mates, which had been disregarded by the fighting for liberty' as serfs, nud to obeerve the S
j Government of tfte United States, which formed principles for which we took up arms, or they should
with slavery the very foundation of tha move-j resume the military powers with which they have
| ment that brought into being tho Confederate Gov- ; clothed him, and place them in other bands where
efnment, have been prostrated and almost destroy- ' they will be used as well for t ie protection of the
ed by Confederate congressional encroachment and r '£l |ls and liberties of the citizen as for the achieve--
j executive usurpation. nienl of tiie independence oi the Confederacy. With-
- out this change of policy the armies cannot be rc-
the inevitable result.
PENITENTIARY.
The enemy having destroyed the workshops,
cells, buildings.,&c , of this Institution by fire,
it will cost a very heavy appropriation, probably
one million of dollars, in currency, td rebuild it.
From seven years close observation, I am satis
fied the Institution does not serve the objects for
which it was created It does not seem to be, as
iis name imports, a place of penitence; it is cer
tainly not a place of reformation, hut, is rather
a school for theft, lawlessness and villauy, wliere
those more hardened in crime act as teachers ot
those who are younger aud of less experience.
Honesi men who in the heat of passion, commit
crime which consjgus th, in, under our present
laws,to this den of thieves, generally come out
corrupted and contaminate d.
In view of the above facts, I recommend that
tin; Penitentiary be abolished as soon as it can
legally be done, and that otherfnedes of punish
ment, such as huu;:ing, whipping, branding, &e ,
be substituted Tire South Carolina code, it is
believed, would furnish a safe guide for our legis
lation on this subject* I know of no State
The resolutions of the General Assembly of this cruited to the“ necewary'number and boThl^r^and
State protesting against these usurpations and sbn- . independence are lost together. *
ses have been unheeded and laid asioe without j Tfiis ruinous policy of the administration fhiib no
| justification iu the constitution of the country. From
lev- the organization of the Government of the United
tera- States totho disruption oftlie Union, the ueifoiui prac-
even the courtesy of a reply.
Direct taxes of enormous burden 1
ied by Congress without the census
tion imperatively required by tho
which operate upon the people of 1‘
ave been
or enumet
constitution,
is and other
Given under my hand and official signature, this ! the enemy ; but it must be admi;t*-d, since the de
vastation of the country beyond, that it is now
January 1
35 5t
18(55.
j e McDonald, ordy.
Chi »RG1A, Pulaski county.
‘lilHIEUEAS, Nicholas Rawlins applies to me for
i t permanent letters of administration on the estate
•: Xiohohs' 1‘. Rawlins, late of said county deceased.
T.., *0 are therefore to cite and admonish all persons
;i,: -t, <1 to be and appear ut my ollice, on or before
... first Monday in Mareh next^nd liletiieir objections
■; r. -. they can.) to Hie granting of said letters of ad-
mini-nation to the -aid Nicholas Rawlins. j
Given un,!t-r my nand and otBcial signatare, this |
•b'oHi irv -Uth 18C5-
' 355. JOHN J. SPARROW, Onl y.
GEORGIA. Twiggs County.
\\niEREAS, Missouri A Champion has ap- I
tv plied to me for letters of administration on j
the estate of Elias F Champion, deceased j
A'l persons interested, are hereby admnn.shed ,
to file their objections in my office by the first 1
Mon lav in March next. j
Witness my hand and official signature this j
Janu^iy 25, JffUfi. _ _
•J-, ot J. E. MCDONALD, Ord y. 1
GEORGIA Pulaski county.
EREAS, James II. Goodman applies to me
i rs cf adniinistinn 011 the estate of Mary
1 n iter, late of said, county deceased.
: <• iherefore to cite and admonish, all persons , tricusly
■1 lie ami appear at my office, on or before have kept fifteen T 1
M on i> v iu March next anil show cause if any ; ,j ( . r , j, x m , ,
whv letters of guardians],ip si,rmld not be J J . „
w
C. 15
Tu
tile • ,
gra-'!,
t.iv
Jantv
:q plicaut in terms of *lie Statute,
iinder my hand and offijcial signature this
.hi 1S<'5.
:, t JOHN PALE. I). Ord’y.
only a strong out-post of intlc military iuipor-
tnnee. compared with the great interior. It must
also be ailuiittiu that Richmond is rendered inse
cure by the successes of Get,etal Sherman in the
interior, and the position he lias gained in the rear
oi that Mid other strongholds, which were relied
I on for deleiice If his uriobstiucted movement
through Georgia must result in the loss of Rich-
i mood, how much hotter it would have bee n if we
I ha . niv* 11 the evacuation ot R chuiohd for '.lie de
struction ot-fiis am;}’.
i have leit it rny duty to refer to these facts in
justice to my Stine, of which it may t e safely said
stie 1ms had a larger preportioA of her white 1
male population under arms for tiie last eight
mouths, in defence oi our cause, than «ny other
-{Gate hi tiie Contedciacy. Uu account of the at
tachment ot her peopie to the cause of State sover
eignty and constitutional ribeny, and their re- j
uionstrafices against uiijustitiabie usurpations of
. power by the Coufedetate government, Georgia
i has been systematically if not wiifuiiy misiepre-
I sent, d by government officials and organs, who )
) give ciu-uialien to ii,e most te>k!ess and unjust
I comm, ms upon the conduct ot the people of ihe
! Slate and her government, Without the magnsiiim-
' irv or common honesty topu dish tiie tacts when
1 laid before them, which show th*ir statements to
! be without any real Inundation in fact Asanin-
stange, I mtimon the fact that it has hei-11 iudus-
irculated that I, as G..v, rnor ot the istate,
sand un 11 out ot service mi
's 1 coireeted lbs uiisrep-
• lied statement. which sllow-
j which they are impose
j Much ot our most objectionable legislation is
which the criminal law s arc more faithfully execu- j fastened upon Us by the votes of representatives
ted, or in which less crime is committed. i who, however patriotic a*d tine fo our cause, act
In accordance with the request of the General . without responsibility ttTany constituency, out ot
r Assembly before your late adjournment, I offered j the army, who can be affected thereby, and who
ween sixteen and seventeen and old men between pardon to all the convicts who were not of the j tau neither visit with safety*, nor show themselves
fifty anil fifty live years oi age, who are not subject worst class, who would vq^mft er to enter the publicly among the people whom they profess Jo
to service by the laws of Congress, in the army of military service, making the pardon conditional
the Confederacy No law ol Congress makes on the faithful dischatge of’their duties as soldiers,
them in any way subject to the President's con- This was accepted hy iiearfr all to whom it was
troi. The statut- of the State declares positively tender; d They organized into a company* end
that they shall not be subject to any draft or com- diu good service at the Oconee River, where they
pulso-y ptocess to fill any requisition made by the met the enemy and acted gallantly. I regret to
President of the ConfederativStates upon the Gov- learn, however, that over half of them have sines
or nor of tho State. They were the last reserve deserted. These will be subject to s'ferve out their
force of the State able to do service. If they were time when they can he arrested. There are also
turned over to Confederate control with no power several life convicts now within the walls: to keep
on the part of the State to recall them, she would ; these and such as may be hereafter sentenced bn
be left without any alt qua to foice for the execu- ! crime committed before tiie change of 1 La mode
tien ofht rown laws. ; of punishment, it will be necessary (0 rebuild so
The State had much more than filled every re- tar ;is to provide accommodation and work shops
qnisition made upon her in common with other for the limited number. Du* hundred thousand
States for troops No call was mode at the tiro* j dollars in currency may be sufficient to do this
„ , . Uldfoiin prae
lice was tu call upon the {states, when mnn troops than
u,e regular army were nGeded, to furnish themergan-
States, but have no operation upon the peooleof this rtra'ly toi service. This they could readily do, as
and other Slates, but ha' e no operation upon the p, ought'toffiawto 'bring them oulTuS of "IJoffi
peop.e ot-I.sseur 1 ot Kentucky .who aie represen j t)g officers of tiie cential government imported among
ted equally oeoi£ia 1:1 t.ie Cuiifjrcss by tiiem whom they kotw Dwlud wbo were not io gym-
; pathy with ithein, all the militia officers and civil oiii-
ceVs of tlie counties, who are their neighbors nud
friends, and whom they are accustomed to respect and
obey, could be charged with the duty of aiding in the
organization. Not only so, bufTliey were permitted
to go under officerso'f their own neighborhoods usually
elected by them, ana to go with their own neighbors
and relatives as their associates and companions in
. . arms. This was not only tire practical a»ct successful
represent, a majority ot whom have given tho J mode, but it wns the constitutional on®. That inetru-
strongest evidences of sympathy and support to ment declares that Congress shall have power to pro-
thc Government of the United States, «n<J have vide for organizing, ntrniugand.discipliningthe liiifitia,
been constantly represented in tha Congress of and tor governing such part ot them as may be era-
tbose States ployed in tho service of the Confederate States; reserr-
Imp.essments of private property for public use. I l "?
wVicii are oiteu necessary au,] proper, have been
carried to an extent which i* tyrannical and oppres
sive iu the extreme. In-teau of purchase as the
luienud impressment the exception, the whole
property cf our people is placed under the control
of it.ipre^sir >nt agents, who refuse to pay “just
conipcn •ation,’’ as required by the constitution,
or even half the market value, and who pay in
ceiiiiicatea which the govoni'mcut refuses to re-
! ceivfr in pavmeut of public dues'.
upon the other Stales for troops of this class ; nor In this connection 1 will fuiiiter remark that
had the other States ordered out and placed in 1 the exigencies of the times, in my opinion, require
service their miiitiaof these ages. such amendments iu the penal code as wi i make
It was quite clear that the requisition was not : dealli the punishment ot robuery, burg ary, and
mad" for the purpose of getting the militia into j
service, for they were there at the time under the 1
command of General llooti. Looking at ail these
facts 1 could not doubt that the 1‘resident had oth- )
er motives in making the call—and that the mam
object was to get them out of the control of the
State, subject to his command, and to disband the
rers, and the authority of training tiie liii.itia accordin'
to tiie discipline prescribed by Congress.
Fending tj,e consideration of this paragraph in the
Convention which formed the Constitution oft lie United
States, Mr. Madison moved to amend it by inserting
after the words “reserving to the ISiffies respective,**
the appointment of the officers" the words ""-der tlio
rank of General officers.’’ This amendment it adopt
ed would have let; the States to appoint all officers
under tho rank of General, aud the Federal Govern
ment to appoint the Generals. But s<'jealous were the
States of the power and patronage which this would
• given to tha federal executive, that they rejected
By a pre'endtd ccr.sciiptiou, not authorized by have
the const in.tion, the gi: vein ment has placed our' itbytTio vote of all the States, except two^; no,I re-
served tothe States the appomtmeut of nil the ,ftic» is
ricu'uuatistH ut 1, r heavy bonds to §cll to ir at
the impressment prices fixed hy i s agents, and
itorso stealing. 'Jo prevent our people'tio^o ink
ing the execution ol the law into then own Lane!,,,
I recommend that tho law he so changed as to .au
thorize the Judges of th
extra sessions of their respective.courts
it is, in their opinion, necessary for the speedy , _
trial oi offenders. As many of tliejmls are inse- 1 ai, y appropria'ion o! money for a longer term tliai
t-> i'::;::ii,aml the militia, when eioploved
vie;: of the. Unit: d ftatcr. And le^t there s
in I tie hpi -
• lenies to them tLo piiv, ego to soil tho fiuits of; vll-;: V' tiie liniteU Stnte». .And iegt there should he a
■|. -ir l-bor in «rcn maiket or to exchange then. q«c»Uon about who is meant by the to be com-
, • • 1 - . manded by officers appointed by the States when eiu-
, t fr uth " r commodities watch fire neftessary .0 the p! „ JC(j in ^.c ^-rvlee of the Con ed rate States the
Superior Courts to call ; support cf themscives and then f -miu-.s • Coustitution liascolved that doubt, itsuvs;
pective.courts, « henever I The Govern? * nt dnregar s that provision of the 1 .. y well regulated militia being necessary to tiie se-
icessary for the speedy Constitution which prohibitsCongiess from making enritvot a free state, the right of tbepeop/e to keep and
j any appropria'ion of money for a longer term than bear arms shall not be infringed.’’ Hence it is plain
-■*■ j a r „bber bands rescue their como's 11- ! two v*>ars to support the armies ot the C'onted«-ra- ! that the word mudia -and the Avord people inen*i the
la’c organizations; and enable him to appoint | V T,or esnt provisions for tTatnal cy, nud as a meat« of perpetuating the war be- • same, apply to the same persons, and are used as »yno.
g^.if.rjii and I ip|,l ( tfiic-rs tn rornmand tlipm , IOCS in CriQlO, lUe pres IH provisfono *01 loo tr,rtl , J , ”... , arm. If mrlen,- f K-r-f,.—
e<i that I had put into service classes ot persons
not ordered nut in otliei {Totes, and iliai the wlmle
number of State officeis in Georgia who have
bern held by me utifier tiie !> gis'atieu of the State
to be exempt from military seivice, was only i,-
45!t, ot whom a large proportion are over military
age. This ctrr, cuou was passed in silence by
D,jut\ who had given publicity to the groundless
charge, which was intended to be iijnrious to tii.-
Governor ot the >;nte, to the ptrsons exempted
by her laws, and to the character ot her people.
1 am satisfied, h wever, ilfcu impartial history
will do jusiic" to the government and people
r , | of Georgia. "S well as lo the conduct and nioiiveg
e i u u 0'Jer my hand officially, this 27th Joy i of her assailants, who have stripped her of her
GEriRfjlA, j aS p er County.
’YyHERj.AS, Sarah A. Jon^. niftkes appliea
fi'-n to me, for lotters of adminisfra ion
, ‘ ‘ 1 . w i'-l annexed, on the estate of David L. ^
• 1 > ' "Ut; uf ssiri county deceased.
fiereoM 8:e A ««*fora to cite and admonish «H
fjj-c, w 1 liCer ned,to show cause, on or before tii? <
iW„ OM ,, a J'' n April, nex’, why letters shall nol|
. , J
the General and Field Officers to command them |
'This was the more evident from the fact that he j
required all within General Hood’s department to j
report to him in Atlanta, and ail within thedepart-
meut of South Carolina and Georgia to report to
the commandant of that department, whose hea-1-
qttai ters were tlien »t. Charleston. The line di
viding these two departments cuts in two.notonly
(ienernl Smith's Division, hut three out of the
four Brigades and a large proportirfh of the Reg
iments. If the requisition had been obeyed the
organization would have been disbanded, and a
large proportion of the militia, who were then un
d r the fire of th^ enemy, defending Atlanta,
wou'd have been ordered off to report to General
done* at Charleston, when no enemy was press
ing us upon ihe coast.
Under these circumstances I felt it my duty (o
refuse to til! a r< quifftinn made by the President,
without authority of iaw. tor a class of troop
of criminals are too tardy for the vindication of J'oncl tlȣ period of the existence of tiie present
public justice* Wbippi
ment inflicted upou those who are convicted of
mous terms. It ts clear, therefore, that the States have
carefully reserved the appointment of officers to coin-
public justice* Whipping should be th? punish- Congress,, without the assent ot the people in 'I 1 ®,! „ ia n,l tiieir arms bearing'people, when employed in
ment inflicted tioou those who are convicted of' next elections, it proposes to p,edg .* toe tit lie ot the service —*- o._. -
illegal .traffic with slaves
Arming Ike Slates.
- , . the service of tho Confederate States,
the more valuable annual productions of the agu- if the President had adhered to this mode of raising
cultural class of our people, who are selected for troops, as Mr. Madison who was a prominent “meintwr
the burden, for years to comerior that purpose, j of t!;c Convention which framed the Constitution, did
The administaation, by its unfortui^^e policy and to continue the pledge of the incomes of this ; in the war of 4^12, his patronage in the nriiiv would
having wasted our strength aud reduced our ar particular class after tho termination of tho war, have been small. It on the other hand the Constitu-
mips, find V*#»inrr nnahlp fn nrpf: frppin^n info ti:n ; for tin* navmpnf of tlio Trpnmirv notes issued for * n V. ,l ! < . I COL‘8Crij»ti()ll ttdoptMl
mies, and being un,'ible to get freemen into the for tin* pa v ment of the Treasury notes issued for . ., ,
field as conscnpis, and unwilling to accept them i the support of the aruues during its existence. . cers j,i 3 patronage was im mouse • tne ‘
iu organizations with officers of their own choice. , Few of this class make mere titan a tithe as net J( is about Bix hundred regiments or enontrh of
will, it is believed, soon resort to the policy of profits. Iu the estimate of the .Secretary ot the; organized troops to make that number,’have ti< mi re
filling them up by the conscription of slaves. ! Treasury, in which he sets dow n the incomes 0t ; eeived into Confederate se vice Irom nil the States.
I am satisfied that
labor, so far ns it can „ . .
to do menial service in connection with the army, estimates gross and n»i net incomes, and iu this ! to each regiment, making ttcenty-fonr thousand com-
and thereby enable more ire<? white men to take ’ *-■ > ■ ■ nni—n /u,— issmii,,* aad '*’ “ r ” 1
up aans; but I am quite su'e any attempt to arm
tiie slaves will bo a great error. If we expect to
IC V.UUOVllJ'HV** **» *-'*“* ' o. x l CftftUJ J 1U *» illvli Illy OOIJ ' - MlM-ll _
we may profitably use slave j this class at about fifty per cent, he fails to allow: Each regiment has ten eompimies, and each company
n be spared from agriculture,! any credit for the vastexpenso of production IT-j t>>or oominisioned officers, or forty ton.pany officers
estimates gro*!* and u.it net incomes, and in this ! to each regiment, making twenty-four than sand com-
wav shows the incomes of the planter to he milch i "ffiuorB. Add to this i500 Coloneb, and as m any
greater than those of the banker or money holder. ! A . d J nta “ te >. Quartern,astern,
interest and dividends cost none of the la- ; «n4 Lomm.^anes, as the law then- sffiod,) tagetl»r
continue the war siiccessfu'ly, we are'obliged to, bor and expense o! p.ouuction incurred by the
M. H HUTCHPRONaOrd’y.
TOsift'n County.
•J i . - has made application fo this
* latp f 0 ' 1 / Ior of administration on the es-
of I' - 1 Lee, minor of John J. Lee, late
•j.. 1 ' 1 ,s county, deceased.
< , “ e ftfe therefore to cite all persons interested
10 «e .Hid
strength and leti hei to the lavages of her fuioigu StateAwlm were in service, acting gallantly at the
entinies. time, under officers of distinguished merit with a
The Militia. ’ ! thorough organization, which must have been dis
banded by my compliance with the President's
demand, and the troops scattered at a most criti
cal period iu the defence of Atlanta.
I earnestly request the General Assembly to
say, by resolution, whether my conduct in refos
Experience has shown the necessity for amend
ments iu our militia laws Too laws should be
so changed as to provtde 'or a separate organiza
tion of the old men over fifty years of age, under
officers ot ihrir own number to be elected hy rhem
with all Chaplains, .Surgeons, Brigadier Generals,
..... . . - . . . . Major Generals, Lieutenant Generals; with all the
which I could not turn over upon h«t requisition ; have the labor of most cf them iu tho production planter. - I p, w f Quartermasters, Commissaries, Commandants,
without a violation cf a positive statute of the | of provisions. . Citizens who belong neither to the land nor ns- Adjutants, Marshalls, Ac., Ac., and the conscript act
inNudin «•»•— !n urnion n «!i a ntl» tt ihs ' But if this difficulty were surmounted, we can j val forces of the government, or to t’no militia in inade.aboul 34,000 officers dependent npon ti:e Pi
not rely upon them as soldiers. They are now I actual service, are arrested by provost guards and
quietly serving us at home, because they do not I government detectives, undercharges of treason
w.sh to go into tim army, and they fear, if they i or other indictable offences, or disloyalty, without
leave us the enemy will put them there If we j warrant cr other process from the courts, and im*
compel them to take up aims, their whole feeling ; prisoned at the pleasure of the government in open
and conduct wiil change, and they will leave us disregard of the constitution, which declares that
by thousands. A single proclamation by Presi- no such person shall be held to answer for a cap-
j; c , a PPear at my office on or before the first i Alt'civil officers of the several counties now exempt ing to return over the reserve militia, organized
Rt) a ” * n March, and file their objections (if from service should be mad- subject t-J ini ilia bv the State for her own defence, is approved, or
*hoi ■ l y can ’ ) wh y 1<it,ers of administration j duty iu these orgamzati. ns. j whether it shall yet he done,'and the State strip-
thV’i " UOt be K rante d tl,e applicant in terms ot j When oiganizeu the Reserve Militia of this ckss pel of her last strength, and left without a man to
V*" ' . | shou.d be nqutred to do all I ecessary police duty "id in the execution of her lavys, and to strike a
10’h a** Cn d er my hand and seakof office this : in tlieir several counties and to arrest and turn blow iu her defence when Confederate aid is with
2*y of January, 1865. * «*
31 &t
JOHN J.
- X. I over fo the proper authoritb s, ail deserters from, drawn, and the enemy devastating her fields, towqf be our opinion ot their normar condition. or then
SPARROW) Ord'y, | State or Confederate service, and all persons sub-1 and cities. * » trua* interest, wo cannot expect them,if they ro
made.about 30,000 officers dependent upon ti;e Frc-i
lientV wifi for promotion. Thus in violation of the
Constitution the-1 resident was substituted for tho
StnteB. and like the King of England made tbe foundn-
tiouofalluonrr.
by thousands. A single proclamation by
dent Lincoln—that all who will desert us after
they are torced into service, and go over to him,
shall have their freedom, be taken out of the ar
my, and permitted to go iuto the country in his
possession, and receive wages for their labor—
would disband them by brigades. Whatever may
be our opinion of their normaf condition or their
__ such person shall be held
tal or otherwise infamous crime, unless ou a pie
sentmeut or indictment of a grand jury, nor bede
privtd of life liberty or property, without due pro
cess of law. and that no warrants sirall issue, but
upon probable cause, supported by oath or affir
matione^artioulaily describing the p.isous or
things to be seized.
Good and loyal citizens, who travel oo rail-
1 o carry out this new policy of allowirg the Presi
dent to appoint the officers, it became necessarv to re-
tu.-e longer to receive troops in organized bodies with
their officers, but each must be conscribcd aud sent
into service under.vicli officers^ the Pre.sideut might
appoint. This separated kindred anil friends arid
neighbors, while m service. It destroyed trie individu
ality and patriotic ardor of our people, each of whom
prior to that time, felt that as a freeman he was’ part
of the/ Government, and that it Was his war. But so
-oon as this policy was adopted he felt that it was the
Government's war, and that he was no longer a free
man, but the slave of absolute power. This was no^
