Newspaper Page Text
O. f>- GORMAN & ft. A. HOJjMBS, Propriiitorn.
VOL. IV.
TALBOTTON STANDARD.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 20, 1873.
VILLF/S CHEMICAL THEORY.
To the Editor of the Plantation :
An article has appeared in the Talbot
ton Standard, purporting to be a reply
to my strictures on M. Yille’s chemical
theory, by Prof. Mussa, of Messina,ltaly.
We understand this gentleman to he,
or to have been a student of M. Ville,
and that the article will also appear in
The Plantation by his particular re
quest. Hence, we reply to it through
your journal, as your readers are sup
posed to bo more interested in agricul
tural matters.
As we have long since learned that,
for a controversialist to show his tem
per, or try to ridicule his opponent, fur
nishes unmistakable evidence that he
has the worst of the argument, I shall
try and avoid these rocks upon which
iny opponents, in this controversy, have
been so signally wrecked.
First, then, as to a matter of fact: we
stated that M. Yille used caustic lime in
one of his formulas. Mussa says it is
false, although the proof of our assertion
was in the very article to which he was
attempting a reply. We place it before
him and your readers again. It is found
in Martel's translation of Yille’s six lec
tures ip 1801, p. 01, and is the only for
mula in the book:
"M. Ville’s complete manure Ur one acre:
i'licwpliAte of Lime 252 pounds.
Carboßate ol X'ottasaa 352 pounds.
quick Lime 132 pounds.
Nitrate of Soda *IBB pounds.
On p. 98 he reiterates the formula,only
lie demands that the lime must be used
—we quote his words verbatim—“in
the state of caustic lime.”
Professor Mussa asks: “Since humus
is originated of decaying plants previous
ly formed, how could there he humus
without primeval vegetation ?” We in
form the gentleman that there are three
classes of plants; one class feed on rocks,
even when coarsely disintegrated, gush
ns the cactuses, mosses, lichens, Ac.;
another class feed exclusively on organic
matter, at least so far as their carbon is
coneernfcd, as the perouospora infest anst,
fungi, mushrooms, Ac.; also several spe
c's of mistletoe and the momrtrrtpa,
which grows and feeds upon decayed
vegetable watte r. Still a third elm s, em
bracing all the agricultural plants, re
quire both mineral and organic matters
in their soils. Hence, we ailirm that
there were no agricultural plants until
primeval vegetation prepared • food for
them.
If Professor Mussa will go over to Mt.
Vesuvius, he will see this theory fully
exemplified on the soils produced by
the older and more recent lavas. On
the latter, he will find the lichens and
ether plants above mentioned, and a few
ef still a higher order, struggling for a
scant subsistence on the soil made by
their debris. On the older lavas, lie will
find cultivated fields and plants growing
luxuriously on soils which were once
rocks, but now prepared for a higher or
der of vegetation by successive gem ra
tions of plants which proceeded and pre
pared the soil for them. Is not this per
fectly natural? Does not this accord
with the views entertained by all natu
ralists who have philosophized on the
subject. But Prof. Mussa says:
"The manner in which Dr. Pendleton talks of
Islam*, gives us to .surmise that he has m l liven
Qualified for making experiments, aud that the
tailure should have been ascribed not to thachem
icai process, but iather to the chemist operator."
However this may be, I have the sat
isfaction of know ing that none of my
experiments have ever been condemned
by a scientific commission as was the
case # with VI. Georges Ville in his cele
brated controversy with Boussingault
in 1849, 1850, 1851 and 182, as" to
whether free nitrogen is assimilable by
plants. Boussingault established the
negßive of this question as true in a se
ries of experiments, when VI. Ville made
a number of experiments on a larger
scale, and announced that vegetation
feeds on the free nitrogen of the air,
and that Bouissingault’s experiments
were failures, being conducted on too
small a scale.
VI. Bonissingault went to work, and
by seven experiments, the details of
which we have in our possession, prov
ed very conclusively that VI. Yille's anti
quated notions had not the least founda
tion for them in fact. We will state the
denouement of this controversy in the
words of Professor Johnson, of Yale
College:
“In comparing the investigations of Biussin
gault and Ville, as detailed in-their own words,
tire critical reader cannot fail to be struck with
the greater simplicity of. the apparatus used by
the lbrmer, and his more exhaustive study of the
P'-Hsible houroe of error incidental to the investi
gation—facts which are greatly in favor of the
conclusions of this skillful aud experienced phi
losopher. Furthermore, Cioez, who was ap
pointed by a commission of the French Academy
to oversee the repetition of Vilte's experiments,
found that a considerable quantity of nmonia teas
either generated within , or introduced into, the npqri
rrtbu if Ville dqriug the period of the trials,
which, of course, vitiated all his insults.”
But Prof. Mussa, (like the whippowil,
which makes a great fluttering around a
place some distapco from its nest in or
der to deceive the passer-by as to its
true location,) has left the points made
by rue as against Yille’s chemical theory,
by attempting to identify my theory w ith
wuat he deems antiquated notion L Over
the humus theory he makes all his flut
tering when he lias misstated our views
in reference to that theory, and shown
nis ignorance of what it is, and how it |
originated. We will enlighten him. |
Berzelius was the author of this theory,
not Timer. Ha contended that plants
fed directly on humus, and received
most of their carbon from this source.
Liebig opposed these views, aud estab
lished what was called the mineral theo
ry. that plants obtained from the soil its
organic food, while it derived all of its
carbon from the atmosphere.
Now, 1 have never believed, much less
intimated in any place, that agricultu
ral plants feed on humus, as such, al
though De Saussnre Wiegman, and oth
er eminent chemists,satisfied themselves
that they did. If M. Mussa can prove
this against me, it also stands out equal
ly in bold relief against his master, VI,
Ville.
I stated that humus furnished food to
plants as ctffbon; that it. holds moisture
and ammonia to feed the plant in dry
weather, and that in its widest sense,
viz: rerjetable matter in the ats of decay, as
defined by Liebig, it furnishes other ele
ments bolides carbon, w hich are its con
comitants, such as phosphorus, sulphur,
A'c. Of course, the carbon is first trans
posed into carbonic acid, and'the phos
phorus into phosphoric acid, and the
sulphur into sulphuric acid before plants
can feed upon them.
Now, what does VI. Ville say in his six
lectures on Agriculture, page 39 ? lie
says:
‘•lf the chemical prop.-riics of humus are dif
ficult to chur.u’teriz \ its presence in the soil is
... 1. . b • rb ,
water with pivat euerg ml ipvatly ineivust-s
in* volume under its iufi . I !y this property
it contributes to main;.mi the coolness ol the
soil by retarding its drying ”
On the same page lie say s:
“By this manner of comporting itself with rmi-x
in min and atmnopiitca suits,the utility of which
arc recognized in our previous lecture, humus
renders important serve* s to \ < g. t itiou. It pre
vents, at least partially, the loss of the ammonia
which results from th< spontaneous posi
tion of nitrogenous org vie umt'.ers Inured in the
soil.”
‘•Moist humus expos • 1 to the air, undergoes a
slow combustion, which makes oi* it a constant
source of carbonic acid The part pined by
this a*'id in vegetable nutritition is of the highest
importance,” Av.
Page 30: “The carls >u*c acid which i([humus]
unceasingly produces in the s ii Moves to dis
solve tin* mineral matters, phosphates, alkalies,
lime, magnesia, iron, &<\ It calls- s the dis.ig
without it, would r. in. = in. it in the oil, Our
bonic acid, derived Ir an humus, i* then, ns a
whole, the* principle a c.i' ofsolution. oapab'c of
But. on p • til, ~r. Vi Ilf “iv- sus the
OHnp■ , Rlßm of ai a’id) noil, which hr.
divides into M eh.-t.leal •• -. •its, Active
flHSMuiljiblo agents, and Assimilable
agents in reserve. The first class he
subdivides into organic and mineral.
The active organic assimilable agents
he puts clown, as hn mitts, nitrates and
ammoniacal salts; and among those
agents in r.-serve, ho places uudecom
posod organic matters at the head.
How does this position of M. Ville,
that humus i.< an attire assi inHabit”, agent
of a, fertile soil, tally with Prof. Mussa’s
notions of humus? He says:
“What a deuce teaches of its constituent* is,
they arc nothing but c.'rbou and water, suchc-lo
uuiiitu iv> plants have p dutifully at their disposi
tion evt ry vvh-ro, in air, rain-water, andinevt-ry
h> >il. Mow, then, cau humus be the cause of fer
tility?”
Again, he says:
“SiiMje thirty years we have known bow to
make the most fertile noils without humus, and
to enrich the poorest Unit have no humus, not
by the application or aid of humus, but by em
ploying purely mineral substances.”
Sec how lie contradicts M. Ville, who
says that ‘ /1 nun's i, s* an ad ire assimilable
agent-of a fertile mil that “it renders
• important services to vegetation,” Ac.,
Ac., while Mussa denies that humus can
be a cause of fertility.
Jlufc on page 58 of the same book, M.
Ville gives us an experiment in calcined
sand with his complete manure, in which
he proves that where humus is added to
it the crop is increased twenty-five per
cent, by the simple addition of humus;
and as an inference from this, he de
duces that one of his mineral constitu
ents of manure, viz: lime, only produces
a useful effect in humus.
Baron Liebig, author of the mineral
theory, who wrote so many pages against
humus, says that “Humus in the soil
generates,constantly,fresh carl ionic acid.
“Humus .supplies young plants nourish
ment in the form of carbonic tu-id by tha roots.
Its quantity heightens the fertility of a soil by
yielding more nourishment in the first period *>l
growth. Humus acts, in the respect, as a source
ol carbon to plants; but \ ‘getabh: mold contains
other substances which are equally neces: a-y to
plant*?.” (Liebig’s Agricultural Lhwmlstry, p. 07.)
He says, also:
That “it humus wuh morn fiilnMe than it is.
being dissolved by rain-water, a heavy or contin
ued rain would iijipov. risli the soil.”
But I could fill a whole number of The
Plantation with quotations from almost
every writer on Agricultural Chemistry
of the present and past ages, taking the
same view of the subject, but I forbear.
Even Mussa himself in the May number
of the “Rural Carolinian,” after berat
ing the idea that plants can cat humus,
or organic matter, for he uses them in
terchangeably, says:
"It (organic matter) is a favorable condition
for getting abundant crops: first, lor its physical
properties bearing upon Uie fitness of the soil:
then, i<3r its chemical properties, producing in
the soil some reactions very useful to vegetation."
But we cannot forbear to notice a lit
tle more of his logic, to prove that hu
mus is not essential to fertilize crops,
bet the reader use' the term potash in
the place of humus, and he will perceive
how fallacious his arguments are.
"Not all soil* rich of humus [potash] are fertile
"With inunus [potash] atone, no one can t. r
tiiize a poor soii. Tnen it is not humus [potash]
that fertilizes, bat the minerals which are asso
ciated with it.”
If we listen to such reasoning as this,
we can prove that potash, phosphoric
“WHAT IS IT BUT A MAP OF BUSY LIFE, ITS FLUCTUATIONS AND ITS VAST CONCERNS.”
TALBOTTON, GA., WEDNESDAY AUGUST 20, 1873.
acid and every other fertilizer is of no
value in Agriculture.
As to his hold assertion, that M. Ville
can produce as good crops, and has done
it, in soils entirely denuded of organic
matter, as with it, I simply do not be
lieve it, nor is there any practical plan
ter in Georgia who can be made to be
lieve it.
We here reiterate what we asserted
in our nrply to Mr. Howard, “that if cot
ton were planted in a field of pure sand
and fertilized with Yille’s complete ma
nure, without Yille’s watering pot to
keep up a supply of water as needed,
uot one stalk would over mature its fruit.
Hence, M. Yille’s experiments in flower
pots effectually fall to the ground as
wholly impracticable to the planters of
the South. They can furnish the salts
at a high price, but they cannot furnish
the rain. Plenty of humus in a soil
will cool itsunl moisten it, besides its
furnishing carbonic acid to the plant.
We will further enlighten Prof. Mus
sa as to how we supply our soils with
humus witln it having to wait a hundred
years,or manufacture it from sugar,as he
proposes. ’ This wo do by rest, or a rota
tion of crops. Cotton is a humus-de
stroying plant from its clean culture.
Our planters let their soils rest at least
one year in three, in order to grow a
crop of woods for their soil, or sow in
small grain.
It has become a notorious fact among
all intelligent planters, that when they
apply chemical fertilizers, they always
pay better in stubble lands, fresh lands,
aud those abounuing in humus or organic
matter. That they will not p a per
cent, on the investment whenever ap
plied to galled spots on clay lands,
denuded of organic matter, or in
poor sdicious soils where this has been
exhausted from it.
It has further boon ascertained, by
chemists and practical planters in this
country, that the difference between a
worn-soil and aprituative soil by its side,
is simply in the loss of .organic matter
and in its concomitants: nitrogen and
phosphoric acid. These being restored
to a- oil, abundant crops \\ ill be the re
sult. That the application of these two
latter principles are less or more pro
due' ive according to the amount of or
ganic math z in a soil.
I have now an experiment with wash
'd s ind in a box,to which all of M. Yille’s
*a!‘s ha chon applied, and more too,
in soluble proportion", in w hich cotton
sit 1 was planted in April, af cr having
the sand thoroughly saturated with
font,lain water. Notwithstanding (he
rain have boon frequent, I have had to
apply water several times to keep the
plants from failing.
In a barrel close by, I have, tho sur
face soil taken from a field, which would
heeded very poor in France, I pre
sume. It sliti has several per cent, of or
ganic, matter. Tho cotton planted in
this soil v ithout manure or salts of any
kind, without water, except the rain,on
ly the first application when planted, is
dark-green aud flourishing, aud at’least
twenty times us largo as that in the sand,
having a number of forms ready to pro
duce fruit. W hile that in the sapd, is
not' only diminutive, but has a sickly
hue, and one or two diminutive forms;
several of tho bottom leaves have also
died.
Another barrel of subsoil, purely, tak
en from immediately beneath the sur
face soil of the other, with but littlo or
no organic matter, failed to produce liv
ing plants until tho third trial, and now
they are feeble and diminutive. A\'ill
Prof. Mussa tell us the cause of Ibis'
I great difference ? The answer is clear,
and will be made clearer, I doubt not,
when the soils are analyzed, that the es
sential difference between them is hu
mus and its concomitants.
M. Grundeau, the opponent and critic
of M. Ville in Franco, has satisfied him
self that humus, in its widest sense, em
braces the veritable plant food. That
the “maliere noire’ —black matter —ex-
tract' and from the soil by ammonia, con
tains the humus, and, chemically a; se
dated w ith it, the soluble mineral food
of plants; and he lays it down as a de
duction from his that the
amount of humus in a soil stands in a di
rect ratio to its fertility.
W ithout adopting these views of M.
Grundeau, lam free to say, as Dr. Shep
ard lias recently said in noticing this the
ory in the “Rural Carolinian •” “All
practice appears to warrant the views of
this school, since it is well known that
only those lands are fertile that possess
a considerable quantity of humus, and
that it is for the interest of every culti
vator of soil to promote its formation.”
We reiterate our positions as hereto
fore taken in tho following propositions,
and will maintain them against M. Ville,
Prof. Mussa, or any of the advocates
of their theories in this country, provid
ed they will keep, their temper and at
tempt argument rather than ridicule:
1. No soil is fertile without organic
matter or humus.
2. That in our climate plants will per
ish without maturing their fruit by the
application of chemical fertilizers denud
ed of organic matter. •
3. That Peruvian guano, superphos
phates and chemical salts, such as Ville’s
formulas, increase the production of cot
ton in our soils acccording to the ratio
of humus or organic matter in them.
E. M. Pendleton.
Agricultural Colleys, Athens, Get. 1873.
Colli nsworth Institute,
Talbot tou, Ou.
Fall Term, bogies August 4th. and embraces
four months. Spring Town. for 1874, begins
February 2nd. anil embraces six months.
Tuition: $2, $3, $4 and $5 per month, (/ con
tract for the Term , and paid in adeancc.
Board, tuition, washing and incidentals, for
Fall Term, SBI.OO.
7- Or Arrangements have been made with tho
Board of Education to receive pupils entitled to
tho benefits of the Public School Funds. Sec
notice of County School Commissioner.
j. t. McLaughlin/ a. m.,
janlG-ly Principal and Proprietor.
MT. All. Y
Male & Female Academy
Tho next session ol this school will open on
the 21st. iusb, and continue during four mouths
or eighty scholastic days.
Tuition lor tho session $13.00.
Board can be obtained in good families at rea
sonable rotes. Pupils arc rigidly examined up
on entrance ami at the close of the session.
,;*b'•These • v.iuiieations are not private. They
arc open to the public.
For further particulars, address the under
signed at Wavorly Hull, tin.
j1,y30-tf. ‘ J. O. CALHOUN.
DR. JNO. W. KAIGLER
Having located in Talbottou, respectfully ten
ders his services to the citizens of the town and
surrounding country.
Special attention given to Obstetrics and Dis
eases of Women and Children.
; Of* lie may be found at the residence of Mrs.
Blount or at the Drug Store when not profession
ally engaged. uprdO-tf.
J. M. MATHEWS,
At i <> i* ii e y : t I. a vv,
TALBOTTON, GEORGIA.
Will practice in all tho Court* of the Chatta
hoochee Circuit. Federal Court tit Savannah,and
Supreme Court of the State. mchlSbtf.
CALVIN C A.LHOUN,
Vli<> i- ii y :i 1 L aw,
BOX SPRINGS, TALBOT CO.
ft*-Will practice in all the Courts of the
Chattahoochee Circuit. mchltbtf.
!.. I‘. m'LAUGH UN. CIIAS. O. RUSH.
McLaughlin & rush,
I mNTIS’FS,
TALBOTTON, -- - - - GEORGIA.
(Office South Side Public Square.)
#'>'“Dr. L. F. McLaughlin will continue to
travel in this aud adjoining counties. Calls
from a distance will receive* prompt attention.
Dr. C.. 0 Hush will remain >tx tho operating
room, which will be ooen to patients at all hours
of t h. : day, MuLAUGHLLN & KUSH.
January 23-tf.
W. <J. CLEMONS, W. A. .TAMES,
CLEMONS & JAMES,
Cotloii <k, ( 'ommissi(n
MERCH A N T S ,
Cuiumbii'i, - - Georgia.
Agent o , Spring Villa Manufacturing Company
“ Palupsoo Guano
jan IC-tfi
I b\ Garrard,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
COLUMBBUS, - - - GEORGIA.
Will give special attention to Bankruptcy
cases and press them to a speedy conclusion.
The office of tlm Kegisb r in Bankruptcy for
Talbot, Harris, Marion, Taylor, and other ad
joining counties, is in the city of Columbus.
/ ' All letters answered, foefen i<> Judge
E. 11. Worriil. jne‘2s-tf.
CAMPBELL & ENGLISH,
wholesale
Lkjout- I )eah'rs 3
.*<i on i: i? 1 1. v s r.,
Macon, Georgia. apr2-tf
J. 11. HAMILTON^
WHOMWAIJS AND DETAIL HEALED IN*
I lug'ging', r J l ics,
J Tire on, Siili,
Sugars, Oofleo,
V c., See Sc c.
ALSO
Always on Hand ft Hull Stock of
Plantation and Family Grocer
ies and Provisions.
Junction of Franklin, Warren and Oglethorpe
streets,
COLUMBUS, GEOEGIA.
All purchases delivered free of drayag
in tho city and suburbs. jue4-tf.
W. E. RAGLAND. C. W. KIMBROUGH.
RAGLAND & KIMBROUGH,
COM MIS SIO NM E K CIIA NT S,
-IX-
General Groceries
-AND-
Staple Dry Gfoods,
and Slioetrh
A T \V IL SON ’ S CO It NE R.
;?*??•• Will romme n Ce business the First of
April. Consignments solicted. sell for
(ash ! Give u-> a rai nicbl£MU
LoYi'rt Fniiialo Collo^o,
TALBOTTON, a A.
After a week’s intermission, for \he Christinas
holidays, the regular exercises ot thi u institution
will bo resumed on Monday, Dec. 30th, 1872.
Besides the usual advautn ;oh in the Literary
and Scientific department, special advantages
are offered in Music. Mrs. V.uulenherg,(late ot
Columbus, (4a.,) with twelve years experience,
wil continue to have charge of this department.
7dU'For further particulars apply t.o tho
President Key. V. K. Makokt.
janO-lv. . Talbottou, (4a.
J. B. ARTOPE & SON,
ilk 1
r ■,• ; U h
(.. iTst. I m J*“-
•
31 A K 1S IA i:
—AN D—
( 41*1111 it o \\ oi *ks.
Also, Iron Railing; and
Slate lUanf les,
First class Designs furnished and Estimates giv
en on short notice
.j'ffi-OnKis solicited.
Corner Third and Plumb Streets,
March 19-ly * MACON, GA.
LAWTON & WILLINGHAM,
M C O IST, OjV . ,
—OFFER TO THE—
FARMERS OF TALBOT COUNTY
AND ADJOINING COUNTIES,
Planta t ion Supplies
() NT T I M IE!
1 <>i- Approved Paper.
AVrite them or call when you visit
Macon. mcli‘2{>-lf.
Marshall House.
A. B.LUCE,
Proprietor.
BOARD THREE DOLLARS PER DAY.
Savamiali, Ga.
Farmers, Read This !
A LARGE STOCK OF
Planters Scovie, and Scovxe’s Pattern
Hobs,
Trace Chains, Axes, Soovil and Pean
teb’h lloes, Pad-Locks, Table
Cutlery,Pocket Knives,
Hollow-Ware,
&a, &c.
IS OFUKIfED TO THE i'IOOPLE OF TALBOT
AND ADJOINING COUNTIES,
AT
V Klt V 1.0 W P It ICIC H !
flTc-Wv ran suit every body in Stoves, wilh the
IT it fttvoritf,-. "SUNNY SOUTH,” “COTTON
I'LANi\” "BENEFAftTOR” mill “STEWART.'
Every stove Runrauteul. G,iU ami see us or
seud your orders to
OLIVER, DOUGLASS A CO.,
uprtiO-tf Mnoou, Ga.
BOOK AND MUSIC HOUSE!
J. W. PEASE & NORMAN,
7(4 If road St., Coflu minis, La.
- -DEALERS IN
Books, St.v’iom.ry, Pianos, Okoanh, Vio
link. Guitars, Sheet Music and
Music Books.
.Rosewood and M.diogony Writing Desks and
Work Boxes, Family and Pock Bibles, Testa
ments, llymn and Prayer Books, Blank and
Miscellaneous Books; Chromoh, Oil Baintinoh,
.PrcnniE Frames; Cap, Letter, Note,
Wrapping Papers, Twines, Gold and Ml 1 Pens,
Pencils, W;ill Paper, Window Shades, Fire
Screens, Ac. Also, Lawn and Parlor CROQUET,
and all kinds of Games.
—O—
ALL GOODS SOLD
AT TIIE
Very Lowest Prices, for Cash !
filled promptly on as good terms
as if made in person. Send for price of anything
you may want in our line,which will be promp t
ly attend* n to. Liberal terms given to T< no
ers and Merchants. npr23-lyq.
E. J. JOHNSTON,
DEALER IN
WATCHES, JEWELRY SILVER
WARE, FANCY GOODS,*
FINE CUTLERY, MUSICAL INSTKUMENTS,
STRINGS, ETC.
Sole Agent for the Celebrated DIAMOND
PEBBLE SPECTACLES, Eye-Glasskh, Ltc.
jzaepParticulur attention given to r< pairs on
fine and difficult watches. Jewelry, Ac., repaired
and engraving.
Corner Mulberry and Second fttreeis,
Macon, Ga. apr2H I,v.
DANIEL COLLINS,
MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN
All kinds of Furniture. Old Furniture
Repaired. All kinds of Wood Turning
and House Mouldings furnished at
short notice, OPPOSITE the EMPIRE
MILLS, Columbus, fia. jan IG-ly
L. W. It n sdnl,
DEALER IN
I.IQUOSSS. WINES. ETC.,
MACCM, GA.
Groat bargains offered to the trade. npJ4-ly,
DOOItS,
SASH and BLINDS,
I jy MOULDINGS. BRACKETS,STAIR
IVI lixtures, Builders’ Fimiisliinc
iHardware, Drain Pipe, Floor Tiles.
I Win* Gnovrs, Teir.’i Cotta Ware, Mar
blo aud Slate Mantle Pieces.
Window Glass a Siveciai.ty.
Circularr; and Price Lists sent free i
on upplieali' n, by
P. P. TOALE,
20 Tfaync and 33 Pinckney Ms ,
oft 10-1 f. Charleston, S. ('.
White Fine Lumber for Safe!
COTTON GIN REPAIRING!
Fred J. Clemons, formerly wilh Messrs.
W. G. Clemons, Brown & Cos., lms located him
self at the Columbus Steam Planing Mills (R.lt.
Goetchius & C 0.,) where ho # is prepared to re
model and repair all kind of Gins in a work
manlike manner. Long experience in this bus
iness lms rendered him competent to give gener
al satisfaction.
Send in your Gins before you want them, aud
give mo time to do you a job that wiil please
you.
F. J. CLEMONS:
may7-6m * Columbus. (4a.
NOTICE!
We take pleasure in anouncing to the
public tliiit we are opening at
OUIt < >1 .S > SI’AN i>,
A COMPLETE STOCK OF
FANCY &. STAPLE DRY-GOODS,
BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, AO.,
Which we offiir at Wholesale and Retail, as Low
us the same Qualify can be bought in this Mar
ket ! Call, see, examine and Buy !
o'TLoso indebted to hr prior to September,
1871, will please come forward, pay up and com
mence anew. Mr. Jim. Gamble, of Talbot coun
ty, is still connected with tlm house.
JNO. McGOUGIi Aw CO.,
nmyl4-tf. Colnmbiis, Georgia.
CLAGHOBB I cIRBGHAII
WHOLESALE
G ROGERS,
AND DEALERS IN
Fine Wines, Liquors&Segars,
SAVA NX All, GA. apr2-6m
STEAM SOAP WORKS,
Blasinoame <SI Cos., PitopniLToiis,
MACON, - - <;i:okgia.
We beg t > invito y-ur ait'-utiqu to Ibis enter
prise, and to .mJioit ymi jiatmn.ige. Our Soaps
are compose dof tie- I ,t material, including a
large percentage of Palm and Olivi: Oils, which
make them superior lor (Jenend Family Use,
rendering the hands smooth and soft.
Id Clothes Washings our Soaps maybe re
lied upon to accomplish more with less materi
al and labor, than ll.au those of any other
market; and cannot under any circumstances
whatever, do the least injury to the finest fabric,
or most delicate color. You may use hard or
sour water, although the latter i* always prefer
able* It will ren lily remove grease, tar, prin
ter’s ink, etc. So confident are we of the supe
rior merits of our goods that wo ask no dis-. rirui
nation in our favor, ns compared with anything
on the market, so that you can at once encourage
southern industry, umi at the same time directly
serve your own intcie t.
Our Mr. (Po <'. Sp.-neer, (Professor of Chem
istry), has fi r thirty years been knowy as a
practical and skillful munulacturer, at the head
ol some of the largest aud most successful es
tablishments in the country.
With every lacility, using the best material
and Chemical Combinations, and offering every
reasonable facility to customers and the trade,
we challenge com pet ion. *
Wo now prosenfc our popular brands of
“Cffemical Olivo,” & “Poor Man’s” /Soap, each
bar bearing our stamp. We shall in timo add
to our manufacture, Toilet, Fancy and Castile
/Soaps equal to the best.
Our Soups arc put up in boxes of /Seventy-five
bars each, weighing about Sixty pounds. Your
orders reject fully solicited, which will receive
our prompt attention.
JiLASiNGAMK & CO., Macon, Ga.
N. B. Simph sof our soaps may be seen at
B. 11. Wrigloy A Co.'s, Second Street, Macon, ’
Ga. jnne 4-3 in.
TERMS, *2.00 PER ANNUM.
NO. 33..
| The Rankin House
(Formerly COOK’S HOTEL.)
Broad Street, Columbus, Ga.
J. AV. RYAN,
Pi’opi’ietor.
FRANK GULDEN, Clewc.
READ, READ!
-WE HAVE
ON HAND & TO AEEIVE :
10,000 I lunhels I’l'iii: e
AVliito Corn.
50,000 lbs. Bacon and Bulk
Meats.
3,000 Duwtjols Oats.
300 bbls. Flour, Family, Extra
Family and Fancy.
STOCK OF GROCERIES
j - IS -
Pull Complete,
And vo are prepared to sell at the low
est market ju ice.
E. BARNARD & CO.,
nich l "2-tf Columbus, Ga.
W. J. CHAFF l it,
Bookseller, {Stationer,
* —AND DEALE& IN—
Musical Instruments,
VO. 92 11R0AD STREET, COLUMBUS, GA.
april2-ly.
11l 11 PLACE TO IIUV
HARDWARE
CHEAP!
—IS AT—
JOHNSON & DUNLAP’S,
7-Z TJMRU ST ItE ET, MACON,GA.
apr3o tf.
LIVERY,FEEDt SALE STABLES,
Talbotton, Ga.
Grimace &. Martin call tlie attention of travel
‘ l ' h [mil the people generally to their no-.v line ol
business at the old stand formerly occupied by
Wirt. 15. Spain, di ceased. They run the hack
' \i( r a day from Talbotton ft) Geneva, meeting
trains from both east and west; and are prepar
ed to send parties in coaches, carriages, hacks
°r busies to ary point in this and adjoining
counties, at rea&juable rates
1 r from Geneva to Talbotton, SI.OO. Tick
ets sold at SO.OO per dozen.
. *A‘\\ll letters or packages to be sent off by
tin- hack, must be deposited at the office, with
■ npi. Gaimige, who will give*them his prompt
attention, and in no case will they be received
l*y the driver, on leaving town, causing deten
tion.
Parties wishing to go off on the hack, must be
ready by 7$ o’clock, a. m., and at 3 o’clock, P. m.,
and the driver is not allowed to wait longer than
:i minutes for gentlemen and 5 for ladies. Those
living ill the suburbs of the town must give no
li ac in time, so that they can get to the office by
the time the hack leaves.
'1 lio hack will only run to Geneva once on the
Sabbath and then in the afternoon,except in ur
gent cases, when conveyance will be furnished
7: '• '(’apt. Geo. W. Carnage has fitted up and
opened his jewelry, watch making and repairing
establishment at the stables, where he will be
glad to see all of his old friends and attend
promptly, and with dispatch, anything in his
line that may be entrusted to him.
■ jftti3o-tf. GAMAGE & MARTIN.
I* IT C li E Y E
mo WIK G &EEAPIHG MACHINES
—TAYLOR—
I I o rs o IT a kes,
CRAIG’S HORSE POWER,
ECLIPSE COTTON PEESS,
Grain Cradles, Grass Knives,
Scythe Blades;
Polished Steel Sweeps, Hobs,
Feed . Oiilter-.s, Cider
Alibis,
Maeliines,
Pratt’s Ontton G-ijas.
MlOlHliH A.l\ IJ PLAN'jre
OK ALL TIKHrniPTIONS.
HOLSTEAD k CO.,
Columbus Agricultural Depot,
febl.3-tf ColujnbuH, Ga.
L. 1 - COW DEIi Y,
DEALER IN
House-Furnishing Goods,
SILVER PLATED WARE,
G LASS AV Ali E ,
Best White and Gilt,French China, White Gran
ite and Iron-Stone Ware, Cbmmon Creaw-Color
od Ware, Ac., &c.
Home Building, Columbus,Ga.
Jan. IG-ly.
Food for the Hungry!
The uml rsigncd having taken control of the
Gorman, btephensou & Cos. Mill, are jtfepared
to tarnish the bust meal mailo in this country at
as low figures as any market. For the present
Meal will be sold at one dollar per bnsfie! at the
Mill, and will be delivered in Geneva in qnanti
tiee of thirty basnets and upwards at the same
price.
o Orders left at Dennis A Baldwin’s, Tal
botton; Huff ,t Persons and T. A. Brown &
Son. Geneva, will receive, prompt attention,
j •ne-l-Sin. DENNIS A GORMAN.