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a—i—iii— ■■■■
itljc illcDuffic Journal.
A Real Live Country Paper. Published
Everyw\Whi£i*lay Menidig, by
W HIT K i Htr>^ON.
Torino of Subscription.
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mmttife...;. I*o
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Single qpwies ; 3c,ts.
CaT -All srtbscrfptrons fhV&rfl Jv in advance.
nrsixuss cab ns\
R. W. H. NEAL,
ATTimNKV AT LAW.
THOMSON, GA.
K. H. Hadis Store.
H. C. RONEY,
ATTIIIiM.V AT , AW
THOMSOS,' GA.
jfj' Wfll prfljt*tfce)n the North
eru aud Midtile Circuits. nolyl
Attoviwv at TinNv,
THOMSON. OA.
Will practice in this and adjoining
circuits. " ,Alt 4 ftJ.ittv.stoi to bis care i
receive ] ronipt fttU-ufioii.
March 11, t£
CHARLES S. DuBOSE,
ATTUHM'IV AT LAW,
WARTUNTON. GA.
r<?ft Mill pradtic# in tli' l courts of tii
NortjAli<|tlie.and Augu. in.. Gircuits. |
jt, r, fi.-j Axsn.'ir r?
At tonify ssl Law,
nA it UESTQN, C,A.
Out* dihif-ence Given to ah hnsiuess
entranted to bin ca:e. By permission he
refcru to
r. h. Men. ACi‘As,
t Vi. C. vV. Spj'.rlo. Cm.
Ex-Jiisticv \Y. AV. M»mtgon;< ? \*. Snviu
n.s.h, Ga- i'cb. t, ts
PAUL 0. HUDSON,
a i ron\i:v s / h i \\.
Tlmiif-on, Ciis.
',Vill tir»(Hi(sp in »li« S>i) civ >v ('"'iris of
th" Augusta, Northern it'ol M ill'll - I’ircuits,
mud iti the Siiproii';. Court. and will give
.•attention to nil cutes in bankruptcy.
Aug. ail. 1 *7l. tl'
(Centra! Said
MRS. W. M. THOMAS.
AUGUSTA, GEORG!A
seplltf
I’ ALM K 1? II OVS E .
"Over Bignon ,V. Crump's Auction St<>re,)
Z» if Broil 1 S! r:?et, .Visp'sta, Crnrsfa.
I. VLM /•; 11. Proprietor.
'Good board fonri-diel by tin? week, month
or duv.
April 13 If
I2CHOLS & er . H>_
T 2 P rn A TANARUS) r
Ji il v Al; J.i# li
ANT)
Commission Merchants,
Cor. Jackson & Reynolds Street,
,1 1 y; / vta . <1 t:o no r i.
Office opened September Ist, IH7I.
July IC, 1871. ilm
A. J. CLARK,
$ } i>ieA|.rn in t
Watches, Clocks, .Uuvelr.v.
Spectacle?., Eye-Glasses, Etc.
WntchcK A (locks Repaired & Warranted
JEWELRY MADE AND REPAIRED
ALL KINDS OF HAIR BIIAIDXNG DONE.
CtT I*l Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.*—
Jiaxt to the Telegraph Office.
.Vug. 1J1574. C,m
f. E. nopn. If. L. ML A LING,
C. E, DODD & GO.,
HAVE REMOVE;) TO til'd BROAD ST.,
Opposite the Central Hotel,
-VUOlft-VAW,
Dull and see, our Nyles of
ME?J2* BOYS’ AND CHILDREN’S
HATS,
NoYcmbei 3 fan
"l*rq f fZr.r:, '
75 Jackson Street, Augusta, Georgia,
Opposite Catholic Church,
DEALER l|
fruit m mm,
Wholesale and Retail.
GENERAL RAILROAD HEWS AGENT,
Heatiquarlers lor
Prize Candies, find all sorts of Christmas
Goods.
CAT All orders from Country MerchaLU,
or orders left with News Agents on the train
will meet prompt attention,
Oct. 8 187 T lv
JU. /$„ gcmXE'DE®*
importer and dealer in
WINES, ALES,
LIQUORS, pORTERS,
(?%sirK, IHtc.
tCorimr li'uuKl anti .Jucli
sou Struct,
AUGUSTA, GA.
May 7 it
(Hu 1 titti'i'lilu Journal
i» ' f t • Gb L
VOLUME IV—NUMBER 39.
Thomson High School
FPR
12OTS AND GIH L .*S .
r |'
I HP Sprint? Session of tins School will
open on Moudiiv the 19th day of January,
and will coritinne six scholastic months.
The Fall Session
WELL BEGIN AUGUST 10,1874
and continue four aclinlastie mouths.
Board a.ilv bi prfetftired in private families
ai 8.1.”,. per mouth.
. For particulars apply to
N. A. LKWIS. PHii.,
Thomson, Ga.
ly
SUMMER RESORT!
T
1. HEJIE will be opened, at Ohirkosville,
Grv on the 13th of June, by Mi!S
Mr ALP IN. a large, FIRST* CLASS
PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE.
The wwly painted and furnished:
Very Ouoks. first class Servants in al
tt-ndanVe. end «?rcryth:ngThoroughly clean,
fix sh and coiufortrthle.
TKR’MS s:'.o per month, for adults—
haif price for children and servants; *23
per mo? rh, each : for gentlemen, more than
two i'l u room, bv the day. *2.
' RFFRIIKNCLS Rev. l>r. I. S. Tv. Ax-mi.
I lit.. liev. Bishop Beckwith, Ccn. J. K.
; Joliuslpn, Mr. .Ceo. S. Owens, Mr. Henry
Hull. Gi u. A. R. I awtou. Mr, \V. W. Cor
don, T>r. TT. H. Steiner, Augusta: Rev. !>v.
B. M. Palmer. Xew Orleans: Mr. Allen S.
Irfud, Mr, Dauiul Heyward, Mr. Win. (*.
1 Bee, Chariest on.
Address, MRS. ANGUS Me AI/PIN.
.lulv s, J UT. din Cl irkesville, (la.
PATENT STOCK YOKE,
\\ r. lmvuig i.urclmv. <1 flip flv.-'.usive liglit
t« sell Jfaimi'.ctt's Put cut Mock Yoke for
the counties of McT>- file, Warren and .lef
fersuii cm?nt:•. ?<, call tlie attention of the
public t“ the same. T'imy will prevent any
; cow, mule or horse f.i.om jumping any
dbiary fence. They are light and easily
adjusted. Wc sell Farm Fights with the
Yoke. Purchasers may apply in person or
bv letter to
HODO A LAZOBY,
Thomson, Ga.
CESTiFiS ATES.
JIcDuiTIIi CpCKTV, f!\.
! T Ctvilfy Hull. I Live Ivied Humiuelt'«
I’lit. us Yoke nil u liiulel lir.d v.,Vml
! In. nrilimu-y ui.'ilu and anil ebuiued riowu '"J
| coi'.lJ do ruling villi. After trying the,
V- ;..• i be.vi bid a > furtli' r IronMi] vitb
1 bim I iTeoni,i.it tu flic I' l'nito.
D. V. AiDNTGOMERY.
‘ i i'evt.,fy lint T 1,..v irit-d the ,and„ ve
i irriniril Yoke run! ■ leiov e )ir,
! eertificote.
D. hi. HODO.
| Aug. :0 tk'i. if
A
! Find, for t?ie IVnpln. Tbe Cumberland.
Univ< isity BueinnuH (Villoge nuil T'elc
! grnpli Inufifnle, nt T.i.diuuuii, 'Vnuussep:
1 :;iul Dryunt un<> Htr ilton Hiisiue s (k.l
--j lege nn.l Talrgraph InaUtut<>, at Nu-di
villa, 'lVnnes-M-i*. m-.\ tlu> leiuting A tun]
! Eusincfii Cnlleg. .• in tl.e South and
l'""' SITUATION
: fur oil worthy griuiiuites in Tele y 'libv. is
GUARANTEED'
i as scon the oonrso of iustruGiou is
complctYi.j,
OE ONE-HALF
I of nil the money paid for
THE TUITION
will, within thirty (lays, bo
REFUNDED.
1 All modern improvements in Business
training. Hates to suit. Uie hard time.
Session perpetual. For particulars, e])-
ply ill JK. 1-soil, or address the Principal,
THOMAS TONEY,
Lebanon, Term.
Or Nashville, Tenn.
.Tnnilary fl, IST I. ly fe.26aug]
| mi. .TAMES S. JONES. J. I>. JONES.
4» No Joiiusdw Soil
n ii o c m u s
A- n>
| GOffISSiSSIOH MERCHANTS,
THOMSON. GA.
| Having gone ordiruly into the sale of
j Staple and Fancy Groceries, take pleas-r.-
!in announceing to th>ir friend?? and the
• public generally that they now have and
j will constantly keep on hand a
|f ll amb well selected mock of
1 staple and Fancy Groceries, principal
j among which may be found Bacon. Flour,
i Sugar, Coffee, Mackerel, of the finest grades
i Syrup. Molasses of every grad- . Cheese.
Crackers, Pearl Grits. Hominy. Bice, Lard,
pure Liverpool Salt. G- hen. and country
butter. In their line of
FANCY GROCERIES
they do not hesitate to say that they have
the finest variety ever exhibited in this mar
ket. In the selection may always lie found
O .A. TV iV IU I >
Lima Beans, Green Corn, Fresh Salmon.
Fre.ih Mackerel. Fresh Peaches. Pine Apples
Pears. Apricots, Oysters. Mince Meats,
Pickles, both domestic ami imported
•LIU IjWuJ- lU^>,
Preserved Plums, Damsons, IlaspbeiTies,
Blackberries. Lime, Pepper Hash, Pepper
.and "Worcestershire Sauce,
Ca ndien C Jl l ocol Lit < k ,
botli in drops and for the table. Condensed
Milk, extracts of all kinds. Apples, Oranges,
Cocoanuts. Almonds, Pecans, Brazil nuts.
English Walnuts A’o.,
Tdiey also have a fine assortment of To
baccos. Sugars. Pipes. Smoking Tobacco,
Tea, Soap, Plain and Toilet Lunch Baskets,
Cream Tarter. Soda. Yeast Powders, ail of
which they are offering as low cash prices
that cannot foil to suit all.
Our motto is still “Quick Sales and Small
Profits.’’
JAMES S. JONES & SON.
fan Uyl] dec 1! Thomson. Ga.
Thomson, McDuffie county, ca., September 30,1874,
POE 11CAL .
[OMGINAL.]
[For the Journal.]
Readier*
n\ n.uiu tu .ra:,
O Brooklyn, boastful city of a
pride.
Where genius, wealth and luxury reside,
Where well trained teachers versed in mor
al laws
Have lived and preached and been beloved,
because
Their teaching was of that peculiar kind
It pleased the people of this place refined
<3 Brooklyn’s best instructor. Reverend
Beecher.
So pure as to be called e’en virtue’s teacher.
With saintly reputation and much learning,
With tact, with eloquence, with keen dis
cerning.
With wealth and every gift, but honor, blest,
With callous conscience in its hiding nest.
O Brooklyn, blest abode of sanctimonious
knaves.
Whose bidden deeds so black that if their
graves
Were opened now, ’(.would make e’en yan
key morals blush.
And wretches vile in silent shame would
hush.
While truth abashed would calmly stop
to ask
How sin so vile, was covered by religious
mask.
How, for long years, a fashionable Divine
Hath held aloft his light and let it. shine.
While daily through the mazy paths of sin.
The light was darkened as he walked with
in,
A craven priest in saintly rich attire,
A cold deceitful villian and a liar.
A code of Brooklyn ethics : morals too.
A blackened \ ..go of crime held up to view,
A record of a life 'twerc shame to own,
A crafty, subtle genius, heart of stone,
A (bristiim (?) teacher, gentleman aud
scholar,
A Brooklyn preacher measuring virtue by
the dollar.
jr.'s* ** ~Aca-sssnoar^i^sx~v: ~in —rnnir>iwni «***ro
[From the ( hvoniclo <fc Sentinel. ]
Stephens on the Situation.
Speech of IJms. 11. Stephens
at (iveeneshoro, September 17 tl»,
l><l t, StCEocrapiiicallj Reported for
the Chroiilc’e sad ScutlPcl by K. IV.
Grant,
Union Point, September 17tli, 187-1. *
A large attMemhly met to-.lev nt I?ic*
Court House, in O: -eiieshoro, in this
county, to hear ’L. Stephens, who huil
promise-. 1, if :.■>?»-, to mUress them on
the pu’niie e - ions of the ihiy. At the
hour of tv. i 1 ,on the adjournment ol'
the CoHil't ; i in session, it "as very
tt . the Court House would
not hold tin .nultiliHie thu* ii.-ul pome
toK'-'l.or, niiii it woe iletcrmiued that it,
would he better for the sp-ec.li to he
made in the Public Skpiare-—Mr. Ste
ijhen:'. to stiiiul ill tiie north door of the
Court H' use mid to support himself on
a desk ).;■■ vie. I the purpose. Hon.
.Miles W. Lewisealled the crowd to older,
and stated that Mr. Stephens was now
ready to address them, styling him the
“Great Commoner, whose life had been
devoted to the cause of humanity.” Mr.
Stephens arose, his crutches,
amidst the rapturous applause that grout
ed him, and spoke as follows:
FEr.i.ow-Cmr.ENH—l must first mid
foremost express my profound thunks
for this welcome. I am truly gratified
to see so many assembled ou this ocea
sion. T would greatly have preferred to
address you in the large Court Room
above, where I hare so often heretofore
addressed the people of Greene, but it
was doubted whether it was large enough
for all to hear who were present. I
yielded to the suggestion that I should
speak to you from this point. lam now
; satisfied that the opinion expressed was
- right. It clearly appears that the Court
House would not have held one-half of
; those before me.
PEKSONAX.
May I not aptly, in the beginning,
| most reverently ask, What have you
come out to see? “A reed shaken by
; the v. ind?” Certainly something equally
| frail in body. This is the first time I
have attempted to discuss great political
, questions in the open air for twelve or
fifteen years. How mv voice will sus
tain me I know not. I trust most earn -
; e: f’y, however, that I shall be strength
oil, by the deep interest I feel in the
| great cause which prompts my appear
ance, so to extend its compass that it
I may reach the remotest ear. Be assured
that no ordinary motive induces me to ap
pearbeforeyounaderthesecireumstanees.
My subject to-day is ‘My Country.’ Tiiis
above all sublunary matters enlists my
; feelings. To this cause my life has
- been cluelly devoted. The honor which
my long standing friend, Air. Lewis, con
ferred in his introductory remarks, in
speaking of me as oue whose life had
! been devoted to humanity, is one I have
ever aimed to attain, however short I
may have come in deserving the compli
ment. The amelioration, tlio elevation
and advancement of the genera! interests
of mankind, and especially , of those of
our own State, has been the work in
which I have been engaged for forty
years. In this cause a-y energies have
been put forth to their utmost extent,
until I am now worn mul wasted as you
see me. If in like efforts I should now,
or at any time fall or “die in the har
ness,” as my 1 nds in Augusta virtual
ly expresse i heir wish that I should,
then be ass:.-- 1 nothing of an earthly
nature could be more agreeable to me.
A MEMO A AND liOIUE.
If on old Roman could give a true ut
j terance of his emotions In the sentiment
! “r tiller, rt decorum e*>t, pro patrict
»>ori," “it, is sweet and honorable to
! die for one’s country,” with how much
more emphasis should un American citi
{ zen repeat the same? What did this
1 Roman mean by country? Was it the
I Tibea—was it the beautiful plains and
i broad valleys of Italy, consecrated by
the Tuscan remains and monuments
which gave renown to the laud—was it
| the Appenines, or thundering Vesuvius
! and its occasional outbursts of earth’s
internal fires—or the glimpses of the
glaciered tops of the distant Alps, or the
placid waters of the Miditerranean or
Adriatic sear, that washed tie* shores of
the peninsular—or the cerulean sky
above? Was it for these he thought it
Iso honorable to die ? Far from it I ween.
! It was doubtless for the preservation of
j the political liberties and that high order
! of civilization which sprung from the iu
| siitutious of Home. How much more
. lhajestie are our rivers, how much gran
; dor our mountains, how much more ex
‘ tonsivo and fertile our plains and valleys,
how much more numerous, wider mid
| out-stretching our lakes; the clear, blue
, sky also which this day canopies ns, is
j equally calculated to stir within us pro
fouudest emotions of admiration and
adoration. In natural surroundings we |
have far more to admire and to bo de
voted to than had tlio Homans. Then
; again how much grander and more glori
; ous are onr institutions than those of
I that renowned Republic. But hero as
j there it is not “the land that makes the
man,” it is “the man that makes the
land.” For ceuturigs before Rome was
1 diluted Italy was inhabited by barhari
, uns ; for centuries unknown in number
| prior to the coming of our fore-fathers
. to this Continent, it was in iil-.o manner
i h'.habited by roving deprodat ay tribes
I over all that vast region now occupied
| by. UlO peoples of the United Htates.—
| During all this time there were the sumo
rivers, plains, mountains, valleys and sky,
which give it its present loveliness. Al*
those wonderful changes which have
been effected since the settlement- of the
lJiittish colonics on the Atlantic coast,
within the last three hundred years - all
that high order of civilization which now
j places this country in the front rank of
i nil countries; everything which lms
made the wilderness to blossom as the
j rose - -all our commerce, borno by tlio
power and ki;i ee, of steam, up and down
| our rivers, and over the sixty thousand
■ iiulc-s of railroads which skirt the valleys
-and pierce the mountains in every direc
tion, us well ns across the Atlantic and
Pacific Ocellus—all our schools of learn
|iug, common schools, Sunday schools,
colleges and universities -all our chm-di
| es with their numberless spires pointing
heavenward -ail our cities, towns and
villages all onr public buildings aud
temples of justice—all our industries,
and everything which es un the high
i position which the United Htates had
attuiiniil before the late eoufiiet of arms,
sprung solely from their institutions,
• moral aud political. Vs 'Rome’s great-
I ucss sprung not from the land, but from
her institutions, so did ours not from
the laud, but from our institutions; mid
us our institutions were founded, upon
principles superior to those of Rome, so
will pur greatness he superior to hers in
the very acme of her renown, if these
principles are adhered to. It is to the
maintenance of these principles that my
life has been devoted, and for which I
am Mulling to die, if it so pleases God.
ASTBRICAN LTBBKTY.
It is for the purpose of saying some
thing, though feebly, in defense of these
institutions, and the principles upon
which they were founded, that I appear
before you to-day. Be it known to you,
then, be it impressed indelibly upon your
minds, that the germ, the seminal princi
ple, from which have sprung all onr in
stitutions, all that happiness, thrift and
prosperity which have heretofore so
marked the career of our past intellectu
al, moral and political progress, war. the
great and estimable right of'local self
goverument by the people. Not by
monarch:) or king:-, or oligarchies, or
j aristocracies, but by the democratic mass
j es, under such constitutional restraints
as they themselves for their protection
j may impose, as chains upon their rulers,
j Lei this truth be deeply impressed not
only upon your own minds, but upon
| those of your children. Let it be taught
at the fireside, in the schools, tlio col
l leges and the universities. This priuci
i pie carries with it the great fact that all
rulers, in all separate States and Com
j mouwealths, derive then' just powers
| only from the consent of the governed,
j It was for the purpose of establishing
I these facts and truths that our ancestors
| left the various monarchies of Europe
! and planted separate colonies on the
j shores of the Atlantic. It was for these
| objects the colony of Virginia was plant
| ed; it was for thesa objects the Pilgrim
| Fathers settled at Plymouth—for tho
I same objects New Hampshirs, Maryland,
I Rhode Island aud Connecticut were
| planted—for the same, North Carolina
j aud Youth Carolina and Georgia, the last
! and youngest, were planted. Thev all
| brought charters securing to themselves,
1 in different forms, this great right of
; local self-government in all their inter-
TERMS--TWO DOLLARS IN ADVANCE-
I nal affairs ami domestic relations. Vir
ginia hud nothing to do with the internal
concerns of Maryland, Massachusetts, or
any other of the colonies ; so of Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire,
and all the rest. Each was a perfect po
litical organism within itself, with all the
rightful functions of government over
internal affairs within its limits; and
with these charters thecolouies grew and I
became prosperous. The forests of ceil- !
turies yielded to the axe ; the aboriginal i
red man receeded to the west; trade and |
‘ commerce give life to growth and de- !
vehement. Tlie Brittish Parliament |
became fearful of the rising power of the i
; colonies. War was made upon their i
chartered rights ; finally, tho charter of ■
Massachusetts was virtually abo'.ff'.iod. :
Tiiis caused alarm in all the colonies; j
they saw that if Massachusetts was de- •
prived of the right of local self-govern- |
meat, the same fate might await all in
turn. It was then that Virginia raised
the cry that “the cause of Boston is the
cause of us all." A call for a Congress j
of all tlie colonies, to consult for the
mutual safety of all, was made. This
Congress assembled in Philadelphia in
1771. Tlie result was that by a similar j
Congress the ever memorable Diclura
tion of the Fourth of July, 1770, was
proclaimed to the world. This was no
declaration of American independence,
as it has often been styled; it was the
declaration of the independence of each I
of the colonies. By it the link that
bound each to the mother country was
declared to bo severed forever. They
mutually declared themselves no longer ;
lo he colonies, blit Slides, with all tlie i
powers which do of right belong to sepa- '
rate Commonwealths, Their title was
changed from the United Colonies of
' America re the United States of America.
■ They soon thereafter formed what was
known ns their first Constitution, that is
the articles of confederation by which I
they bound themselves to make common i
; cause for the defense of the separate
| cause of each, to maintain their sover- :
eign power of local self-government in
all their internal affairs respectively.— i
i The object was to maintain and defend
the seminal principle from which, all
their happiness and prosperity had come, i
) have not time or strength to go through j
with all the details that marked this
period in the progress of our institutions, j
Suffice it to say, a bloody war ensued ]
that lasted for seven years, which ended |
in the acknowledgment by Great Brittain
j of the sovereign independence of each of
the original Staten by name. Tin Arti
cles of Confederation, or tho first Consti
tution fmined, were upon the model
which united the separate ancient Gre
cian republics, ft is common with ninny
people to sav, and some historians join '
m the same assertion, that this Confetl
| oration was a failure. It was no such
| such thing; but the statesman of that i
day, at the head of whom stood Jeffer
son— .no of tliogii arcst political pliilo-< -
pliers of any age or clime—conceived :
that an improvement might be made up
i on the model confederations of tho past.
According lo tho Grecian, and other
! models, whatever measures the States in
! Congress assembled adopted to carry out !
such powers ns were delegated to them,
iu raising money, or making other pro- ‘
visions for the general welfare, had first
to bo submitted to, and have the sanction
| of the States severally before they could 1
I go into effect. This required time and
delay; besides, under this first Constitu
tion each State had retained to itself the
right to regulate commerce with all for- 1
; eign nations, and its own system of until- 1
, rnlizntion laws and la vi of bankruptcy.
the constitution of 1787.
) This worked some confusion. It was
: thought best that these powers should
. also be delegated to tho General Govern
ment, in their Constii ntion. A call was
made for another convention of the States
jto remedy these evils. This call was
responded to by the assembling of the
most notable convention of States ever
j assembled on the Continent. It met in
j May, 1787, at Philadelphia. Washington
presided over its councils; the result
was a thorough revision of the Articles
i of Confederation, with a delegation of 1
i the new powers asked for; but with a !
| change in the structure of tho Federal
I organization which constituted an entire- ;
ly new feature in Federal republics.— ■
i The idea of this new feature, which raises j
our Federal Republic to the grandest
■ type of government ever witnessed on !
earth, originated iu the philosophical 1
i brain of Jefferson. He was not in the
Convention; he wa3 then Minister to i
France, but gave the idea in a letter to
j Mr. Madison. The idea was this: Bo
, to change the structure of tho Federal
i head as to make this conventional State
| perfect within itself, so as to perform all
die functions of a government within ii..-;
limited sphere, just as tho States per
formed their full sovereign functions over
all their internal affairs.
| This required a division of the delega
; ted powers in three departments—legisla
tive, judicial and executive—just as the
1 retained sovereign powers of the State
' were divided. Under the first Constitu
tion of tho United States nearly all
the delegated powers were executed by
oue body—that is, by all tho States in
! Congress assembled. Mr. Jefferson's
suggestion was that tho Federal Gov
ernment, iu the execution of its limited
j powers, should be organized as the
j States were; that the Congrsss of the
States should constitute the legislative
■ department, and that a judiciary and ex
! eeutive department should lie created to
' perform the functions belonging to those
j departments within their prescribed
: sphere. Iu this way the General Gov-
I < rument would become a perfect State
i within its limited sphere by Federal
■ compact, as tho separate States were per
i feet States, euch within itself, by what is
known as the social compact; all the
1 sovereign powers not delegated to the
j Federal Government being still reserved
| and retained by the States severally.—
! This new Constitution, so framed and
' submitted to the Slates, was subsequent
ly ratified by all of them. There was in
it no change of the essential principles or
i character or nature of the Federal Gov
i eminent. In it was preserved, as the
life and spirit of the whole, that seminal
: principle of which I have spoken.
THIS GRANDEST OF GOVERNMENTS.
The whole fabric was based upon its
preservation, and I say to you, my coun
trymen, to-day, what I have often said
before, that it is the grandest system, or
systems rather, of governments ever in
stituted by man. Under this system the
number of free Co-equal States has in
crensd from thirteen to thirty-seven. It
preserved the United States as a republic
—not a single republic, but a Federal
republic —a republic of republics!
Hence the motto, “/v Phtribuft CJnunt ,”
“one of many.” It presents a govern
ment of the highest type. It is, indeed,
; not only a nation, but a nation of
i nations 1 Nothing of the sort seems
; ever to rave entered into human con
i ception before, unless the Prophet
Ezekiel got glimpses of it, in his great
vision, as to the future. It is not my
; purpose to assume the province of ex
pounding the Prophets; but I cannot
refraii from repealing an illustration of
fiie character of this grand system which
i gave many of you twenty years ago in
i the Court ro-. m above, and have given
on many occiuiiotis a nice elsewhere, by
I referring to this vison. Ezekiel, you
j remember, in his most notable vision,
saw the wonderful spectacle of a number
lof distinct beings or living creatures,
each with a separate and dist net organ
ism, each having the full functions of
; life within itself; all being alike in ex
ternal appearance, and all at the same
j time mysteriously connected, with one
common animating spirit p. rvuding the
the whole, so that when the common
i spirit mot ii they all moved, as it were
a wheel in (lie middle of a wheel; and
l whithersoever the common spirit went
i thiliter the others went, all going togeth
er; and when they thus went he heard
the noise of their motion liko the voice
iof great waters—the voice of the
Almighty. Whether in his vision he
j got glimpses of this model Federal Re
public of ours, instituted by our fathers
< r not, I will not undertake to say, but
the system completely fits the vision.—
Under the sy.-itc.*, each State is a per
! feel, distinct, living, political organism,
with ail the functions of perfect govern
i meat within itself, in this respect ".11
'■ tin-’ States are alike. The Federal Gov
; eminent, so created, is also a distinct
i political organism with all the functions
I of a perfect Government, within its pre
scribed limits, its chief objects and
[ designs being confined to foreign and
Inter-State affairs. It, too, in its struc
ture, is exactly like the States which
formed it. It embodies the coupon
spirit of all the States, so that when all
i things move smoothly and harmoniously,
in accordance with the principles ani-
I mating tlie whole, whithersoever the
j common spirit goes, thither all go. So
that for seventy years in our history the
motion of their progress might well be
characterized as the “noise of great wa
ters,” or even without blasphemy, as the
voice of the Almighty, since God directs
the destiny of nations as well as of men
singly. It was so in all the great events
that marked our career, during that
period; it was so in the threatened
French war 1798 ; it was so in the second
war with Great Bntimi in 1812; it was
' so in the Mexican war in 18-16 ; it was so
. in all our great achievements, and it will
! be so still, in that grander career iu
i future, which may be attained, if there
: be a return to those original principlescin
| which tho whole system rest. This is
but aa outline of the past.
the source of Ann our woe.
! All our recent troubles have sprung
from a departure from those principles.
I It is not my purpose on this occasion to
| speak of the late war between the States,
that terrible and most lamentable shock,
by which tlie previous general harmony,
i peace and prosperity were interrupted.
: I will now only say I was seriously ap
j prehensivo during the conflict that the
J whole system would be subverted.
These apprehensions were greatly in
j creased when, after the remedy of
| secession had been abandoned by the
Southern States, that second war against
: the essential principles of tlie Constitu
tion, known as tlie reconstruction policy,
was commenced by Congress. The war
was waged by the Northern States avow
edly for tho solo purpose of a restoration
of the Union of tlie States, or as Mr.
Lincoln styled it, a restoration of all the
States to their “practical relations to the
Union.” This restoration it seemed to
Advertising Kufvs.
One square, first insertion $ 1 00
Each subsequent insertion 7J
One square three months ltt 00
One square six months l; oO
One square twelve months 20 00
Qnurter column twelve mouths 40 00
Half coin ran nix mouths fit) 00
Half column twelve months 75 00
One column twelve months IB off
Ten lines or less considered a square.
\ij fractions of squares are counted as full
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ire, was complete when the seceding
States abandoned their cause and re-
I assumed all their duties ami obligations
under the Constitution. When this was
don r they were certainly entitled to all
their rights as members of the Union
under the Constitution. Tlie reconstruc
tion policy was directly opposed to this
• restoration, for which so much treasure
had been spent and so much blood shed.
By the boldest acts of usurpation upon'
record, ten of the Southern States were
, denied readmission into the Union ex
cept upon terms requiring a total sub-"
I version of their previous organic laws,,
and an entire change of their internal
policy. These terms were exacted by
duress and force. But an important and
1 notable fret attending this process is,
1 that even iu tho most glariug usurpa
tions obedience was formally rendered;
to the requirements of the letter of the
, Constitution. Not one of the advocates
| of the 14th and loth. Amendments to the
; Constitution claimed that they would
I have any validity, unless ratified by tho
States to which they were so submitted
and carried. Os course their validity
; depends upon the decision of the ques-
I lion, whether any measure or act can be
valid which is exacted by force. Enough
! oil this point now. This is a question'
! not so aproprinte for the hustings as
for the Courts. Under these exactions
: so made, and these measures so carried,.
•11 the States are oueo more recognized
| as members of the Union, ‘and have their
■ proper representation in tho House and 1
l rienat” in the Congress of the States.—
Whatever injury some of the States may
• t are rt ceived iu the process, it in a great
! fact that the old system is now recog--
i nized in form at least to be iu operation 1
; again. Breaches have been made in tho
• utter wnil, but the old inner temple of
I our liberties still stands without any
I essentia! Impairment of any of the parts
iof its structure. This is so by the
! admitted theory of the reccnstructionists,
1 and it is for us unit the friend:; of con--
sti‘utioual liberty, in all the States, tosee
to it tl> it this theory shall be established
by the future practical workings of tlie
I Federal Administration. In all human
| governments the struggle has ever been,
and now is, between Power and Right.
1 Our grand system so instituted has not
been exempt from a like conflict. Tho
• slruygie here has Wti from tlie begin
ning between centralism and coustitu
i tiouuliism. This conflict is still going
on. The practical issue it now presents
is the absorbing question of the Civil
Rights bill, so-called.
Civil, RIGHTS MIX.
Oil lliio point I wish to address myself
specially to luy colored friends who are
j present on this occasion. 1 thank them
I for their attendance and the close atten
tion they have given to all I have thus
, far said. It shows a laudable desire on
their part to gain information upon
j subjects upon wbi.tU ;u the present state
j oi things they are as much interested os
the rest of us. First, I say to them, I
entertain towards them not the slightest
leelings of prejudice on account of race,
j color or previous condition of servitude.
i Your emancipation, however you may
value it as a boon, was not one of the
: avowed objects of those who waged tlie
! war on the part of the Northern States.
1 I t is true it was a result of the oontiu
; geuces of the war, under the providence
|of God. To Him, therefore, it should
lim attributed. Whatever of good or
| evil may attend it will depend mainly on
i yourselves. Your duty to yourselves
I mid yi nr posterity is to prove that you
are worthy of it. The question which,
now so agitates the pulilic mind, as I
have said, is the Civil liiglits bill, sc
cailed. This bill professes to be er
peeially for your advantage. It is a bill
introduced and now pending iu Con
gress. It is a measure which I do
not think is for your beiw fit. I run
: opposed to it and I wish you to
i understand the reason of my opposition
; dearly and distinctly. The leading ob
j ject of the bill is to compel all the States
jto make their public schools mixed
schools, that is to compel colored chil
dren and white children to attend the
same schools. One reason of my oppo
sition to this measure is that Congress
has no rightful power to pass such a
law. You have heard what I have said
about the nature of our Government, and
the powers of Congress. I liope you
understood me. Your liberties as well
as the whites now depend upon tlie
preservation of the barriers erected by
tho Constitution for tiie protection of all,
and I have shown you that unless these
questions of education and others, like it
are left to the States to regulate for
themselves, our whole system oi free
government, instituted under the Provi
dence of God will end neoesaariiy in a
common despotism, in which your liber
ties as well as those of the whites will
be lost. But lam also opposed tr, this.
I measure because, as I have said, I do
I not tliiuh it for your beuefit. I think it
, is wrong in principle, and that in prac
| tice it would work disastrously. Y'ou do
not want mixed schools. Y'ou do not
want to send your children to the same
schools with the white children, nor do
you w ant white children sent to yotir
schools. What you do want, v/liat you
are entitled to, and what I am for, is that
you have an equal, proportionate and
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