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THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE.
JAS. A. WRIGHT, AGENT.
THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE.
Terms —Three Dollars a year, in advance
OB THE CULTIVATION OP THE PEA.
It wold seem a little strange if
anything new sbonld be fonnd, at this
ate bour,on the cultivation of the pea;
yet a9 some of the modes must neccs
earily have been so md more success
ful than the rest, it affords some pros
pect and a hope to the observing farm
er, that he may sum np some of the
ways best calculated to save the farm
ing community the trouble and loss of
time of testing all the various modes
generally in practice. The pea com
poses a “genua" of plants generally
possessing esculent qualities, admirably
adapted to man’s use. It has its vari
ous species—distinguished by the
form of the seeds and the habit of the
plant. The seeds are marked with a
variety of colors, and these colors arc
again subdivided into different sorts
of the same color We have the white,
the black, the red, the yellow and the
speckled ; and it may be here remark
color of a pea indicates
its character a^! 1 constitution for use
fulness. The white p“ a - we have
found to be the ter.derest of a..' tlie
family; they come up weaker, am!
/though they are generally a forward
pea, they grow off slowly, being weak
ly, stand badly, and this color is not
found by any means to be the most
prolific bearers. The red pea is called
the “Tory pea,” and wo havo thought
among the most hardy, and in produc
•tion to surpass either the cow or Ten
nessee Crowder, both of yellow col.»r;
these all ripen Lie, arc fad peas, and
boar oxposuro to the wea.hcr Aettor
than any of tbo other Tarietios of oth
or colors. Tho black pea is a forward
pea, capable of bearing two crops
■within tho growing toason; wo can
not say much for it, as of the useful
'.sorts; it has gone out of use in this
part of the country. Tho speckled
revn CUN*. «*«
'•wild goose pen," is our choice; and
wero we to select tho most suitablo
pea for goneral and all uses, we would
present the speckled pea. It is more
tenacious of life, comes up stronger
And grows c>ff stronger than any of
the pea family.
Havjng now spoken of the different
kinds of peas, wo are next to make a
selection and to speak particularly of
tho mode of cultivation most profita
ble to tho farmer. I have myself, for
many years, quit the planting of peas
between my corn rows—making it
impossible to plow the corn well af
terwards; this old plan was done in
May, and at the second plowing. I
now sow peas broadcast, at the third
or last plowing of corn in Juno and
(in new ground) in July. In substi
tuting this mode of sowing peas in
stead of planting them in hills be
tween the corn-rows, I have had an
oyo to the cheapest renovation of our
worn oat lands with something more
of vegetablo matter to turn under,
than anything known to the farmer.
And again, the pea vine, feeding,
perhaps, more upon the atmosphere
than the earth, returns to the earth,
whon turned in, much more food for
plants than is taken from it. It is
next of some importance to select the
sort of pea best suited to this new
mode cultivation. It has been fonnd
that none of the “fall poa” will ripen
its crop, time enough to meet the
winter, if not planted sooner than
we lay by our corn crops generally,
hence wo are to adopt instead of tho
Tory or red pea and the yellow sorts,
some of the early kinds and I havo for
.several years selected the speckled
pea. It produces two crops within
the year, and my principal object in
selecting it was to secure a good pea
field for my stock in summer, by sow
ing the first crop in separate fields in
the spring, (the month of April) as
as well as to renovate oar old lands by
turning under the coat of vines, for
the last two years, (by sowing sepa
rate fields in the spring,) immediately
after planting cotton. I have had a
good pea field this year (40 acres) to
move my hogs to from oats and rye
fields. I also sowed 20 acres in April,
the poorer part of a cotton field, from
which I have picked 80 to 100 bush
els for seed, &c., and thero was yet a
balance of the first crop left for my
hogs to be turned into. I have some
thing more to urge farmers on to the
cultivation 1 havo adopted, of sowing
onr corn-fields instead of planting be
tween tho rows, which plan is, in real
ity fast growing into use; but more
particularly, to adopt the plan of sow.
ing separate fields in April, thus se
curing pea fields in the summer for
our stock, when our cribs generally
want most help, as well as to aid our
selves as farmers, by having a coat of
vines to turn under, and thus to en
rich our lands in a cheaper mode and
less time than the same quality
of manure can be supplied by any
mode of hauling from the barnyard
known to, or ever adopted in agricul
lure.
Tho above plan of cultivation of tbo
poa family is one of the systems which
will most tend to the enriching of out
worn out lands, as well as to the feed
ing of our stocks, and which at this
lime is mostly needed.
K. S.
[So. Cultivator.
LOCUST EATEBS.
“His meat was locusts and wild
honey'.’’ However repulsive the übc of
insects as an article of food may seem
to us, many varieties are eagerly
’ought alter by various Eustern na
tions. Locusts havo been *>sed as
food from tho earliest times. Herod
otus speaks of a Lybian nation who
dried their locusts in'the sun, and ate
them with milk. Tho more common
method, howover, was to pull off the
legs and wings, and roast them in an
iron dish. Then they woro thrown
iuio a bag and caleu like parched
corn, each one taking a handful when
ho chose. It is said that they are
brought into maikct on strings, in all
tho cities of Arabia, and are also pack
ed away in salt by the Bedouins, and
carried with them as food on '.heir
journeys.
Tho Jews were permitted to cat
locusts, as we find in Licvilicas xi. 22;
' ffceso yd fivuy amt, tho foSuef
after his kind, and the bald locust
after his kind, and the beetle af'lor
his kind, and the grasshopper after j
his kind."
Both beetles and grasshoppers nro
much used in Egypt for food. Hr.
Livingstono speaks of tho locusts of
South Africa as a groat blessing to
tho country. They afford abundant
food for the poor native, who without
them, would bo deprived of all ani
mal food.
The great white ant, so noted for
tho wonderful homo it builds, is in
great favor as an article of food in
tho countiics where it abounds. It is
propared in various ways, but more
frequently parched, or made into a
cako wiih a paste of fl>ur.
Dr. Livingstone once gave a chief
who came to visit him, a piece of breud
with preserved apricots fur bis lunch.
As bo seemed to relish it, the Doctor
ackod if his country produced any
food equal to it '(
“ Ab,” said the chief, “did you ever
taste white ant ?”
On his replying that he had not, ho
said,
“ Well, if you bad, you never could
have desired to eat any thing better.”
There is a large grub, or caterpillar,
wbich feeds on the palm tree, which
is considered a great delicacy in tbo
East Indies. Captain Steadman, who
ate of them, fried in butter, declares
their flavour to be “ liko a combina
tion of all the spices in India.”
But whatever a small portion of the
human race may think on the subject,
edible insects will not be likely to
come into general favour. As ono
suggests, the first locust eaters were
probably driven to the expedient be
cause the locusts had left them no
thing else to eat.— B. S. Timet.
A clergyman in the West, meeting
an emigrant travelling with bis fami
ly, noticed on ono of the wagons a
large jug with no bottom, and asked
why he carried that with him. He
replied that that was his Taj lor jog.
On asking him to explain, he said;
“ I had a son in Gen, Taylor’s army in
Mexico, and the old general always
told him to carry his whisky jug with
a hole in the bottom; and ainco that
time 1 have carried my jug as you see
it, and I think it the very best’ inven
tion I ever met with,”
WASHINGTON, WILKES COUNTY, GA~
A GOOD STORY.
From Ohio comes the following cap
ital teinporuneo story to.tho “Drawer”
of Harper's Magazine: —“Judge Bay-,
the temperanoa lecturer, in ouo of his
off >rts hero, got off the following:
“‘Allot those who in youth ac
quire a habit of drinking whiskey, at
forty years of age w ill bo total ab
stainers or drunkards. No one can
use whiskey- for years in moderation.
If thero is a person in tho audience
before me whose experience disputos
this, let him make it known. 1 will
account for it, or acknowledge that I
am mistaken.’
‘“A mil, large man arose, and fold
ing his arms in a dignified manner
across his broast, said :
‘“I offer myself as one whose expe
rience contradicts your statement.’
“‘Are you a moderate drinker?’
said the Judge.
“ ‘ I am.’
“‘How long have you drank in
moderation ?’
“ 1 Forty years.’
“ ‘And wore never intoxicated ?’
“ * Never.’
Well,’ remarked the Judge, scan
ning his subject closely, ‘yours is a
singular case; y-ct I think it is ousily
aceountid for. lam reminded by it
of a little story : —A colored man, with
a loaf of bread and a bottle of whis
key, sat down to dine by the bank of
a clear stream. Iri breaking the
bread some of tho crumbs dropped
into the water. Those wero eagorly
sexed and c.ulen by tho fish. The
circumstance suggested to the dark
ey tho idea of dipping broad iuto
ihe whiskey and feod it to' thonl, 110
tried it. It worked, well, gpmo of
tho fish ato it, becamo
floatod helpless on tbo su
this way he easily caught a great
number. But in tho stream was a
largo fish unlike the rep/,. It ttrjjck
freely of tho bread and whiskey, but
With i,o perceptible effect. It was
effort to take'i' Ho re
solved to have it all hazards, that ho
might learn its name and nature. Ho
procured a net, and after much effort
caught it, carried it to a colored neigh
bor, and asked bis opinion in tho mat
ter. Tho other surveyed tho wonder
a moment, and then said :—“Sambo, l
un’erstand dis case. Dat fish is a mul
let head ; it ain’t got any bruins !" ‘ln
other words,’ added the Judge, ‘ alco
hol affects only the brain, and, of courso,
those having none may drink without
injury !’
“Tho storm of laughter which fol
lowed drove tho moderate drinker
suddenly from tho bouse.”
The Bov. lialph Erskino, on a cer
tain occasion,paid a visit to his vener
able brother, Ebenezer.
“ Oh, man !”eaid the latter, “but
y-ou come in a gudo time. I have a
diet of examination to day, and yc
maun tuk’ it, as I have mutters o’
importance to settle at Perth.”
“With all my- heart,” quoth llalph
“N.io,” says Ebonezer, “ ye’ll find
a ! my folks easy to examino butane,
and him I reckon ye had bettor na
rneddle wi’. He has an old-fashioned
Scotch way o’ answering ane ques
tion by putting another, and may be
he’ll affront ye.”
“Affront me!” quoth the indignant
theologian. “Do ye think he can foil
me wi, my- ain tools?’,
“Aweel,” says his brother, “I‘se
gie ye fair warning, ye had better na
ca’ bim op.”
The recusant was one Walter Simp
son, the Vaulcou of the parish. Tho
gifted Itulph determined to silence
him at once with a leading unanswer
able question. Accordingly after pot
ting a variety of simple preliminary
interrogatories to the minor clod hop
pers, ho at once, with a loud voice,,
ctied out:
“ Walter Simson !”
“ Here, sir,” says waiter. “Are ye
wanting mo ?”
“Attention, sir? Now, Walter,
can you tell mo how long Adam stood
in a state of innocence ?”
“Ay, till he got a wife,” instantly
cried the anvil hammerer. “ But cun
you tell me how long he stood after?”
“Sit down, Walter,” said the discom
fited divine.
- ONIONS. * >
Scarcely garden can be found hav-'
ing any-vl«oty of vegetables, but
what the odiupi in some of its varieties,
is not found-, 'We may also say t£ia
vegetable^,yftr ffbmmoh "useg and has
been used‘as a .common seasoning for
meals and Suopsfbf all ages from tho
earliest lipipaf even the remote ages ;
used by a £rost many raw as well as
cooked; it is held lobe very nutri
tious, aufi the majority of mankind
hold its Savor as quite a treat. Many
a hungry man has been made to rt juice
with his broad, ouion and water.
Boally-, the onion is welcome to the
tables oftbe rich and the poor. We
love them ourself, yet have not eaten
as much as one onion in thirty years,
and perhaps never may, for our stom
ach and the onion are not friends.
This vegotublo requires rich land,
and though onions may grow on the
same larrd lor half a century, yet the
land should be well manured yearly to
ensure B ke&jgs. If the of a.
light metkPFnaturo adld sand, vegeta
ble manure and make
Spade typ-soyo a stock !antl kept
moist, Lo sutjf rows
by . oft
rows if feed are t(% f vory
lightly, kcepthejjjPH l |\ T 1)
about hi;, to
about and '
cloudy- 'wqus/per, wheu earth is only
moist, set them out; don’t
plant deep, mtSfrely tho roots buried
wo shorten them and tho top also.
Havo rows 12 inches apart, merely lqr
hoe. I? sets or billion onioii b«4>iant
cd, pr,. a them gently- in tho earth
under line; not too deep, 4 inches
ajjart; rows 12 inches. It a full orojj
■As wanted, 4 iqcTie* is distance
Ciio!Ul^ i k*'44' b y 9 “ iIMSe ample,,, If
la: ,1 b. V* •■■>• Oijj.ttl) ?r-w ■
and is of) ir. ' l ' ’ »‘V . • .
•iy S —We shorn 1 •■ v ’ ;g< - npon,
■ a-'eounivy im.
m it!,d-'’'}iut in your seed '■ rt i
onion setts, don’t wait umtil spring.
We have onions now; Ist of Fe’by full
G to 12 inches high.— Southern Jlural
ist.
Mixed stock in pasture. — l noti
ced, some time ago, a good deal writ
ton about keepinga mixed stock on
pastures. As I havo been a keeper
of stock from early youth until now,
1 venture to givo my opinion. And
first, I have lound sheep to do well
amongst cattle, but cattlo do badly
amongst sheep. To prove it, let the
farmers take tho fodder loft by the cattle
even when part of it has been trodden
under thoir feet, and if ths sheep are
not very fully fed, they will so# the
Bheep eat it up very greedily; then
let him take what his sheep leaves,
and offer it to his cattle, and he will
find that they wont taste it, if they
can get anything elso; or let him turn
his milk cows in a sheep pasture, and
ho will find them fail in milk,—Cattle do
well where horses pasture. In proof
of this, every- farmer must have soon
that cattle will eat tho litter of horses,
oven if fully fed, but horses wont eat
what cattle leave, unless compelled to
do so. But horses and gheon will do
well in some pastures, especially tho
horses. To prove this, let the farmer
turn out the sheep from their yards,
turn in his horses, and they will eat
np all the sheep lias left, even the lit
ter around tho racks.— John Johnston.
Deep vs. Shallow Plowing. —A
committee of the Illinois Slate Agri
cultural Society, in making their “re
ports on farms,” visited by them, say-8:
“In making our examination through
the Slate, we took very particular
pains to inquire diligently into the
different modes of cultivation, and to
observe the results; and in every in
stance, we found where they were get
ting big crops they wore plowing deep;
and whore the system of shallow
plowing was pursued thoy had light
crops. Another thing connected with
deep culture was, that the oxtremes
of wet or dry weather had far less ef
fect than whon thoy plowod shallow.
Again, with every man that plowed
deep, wo found that the hard times did
not seem to affect him, and we came
to the conclusion that the hard times
lay within four inches of the surface,
and all who plow eight to ten inches
soon root them out.
BRYANT, THE POET.
It sSjust fifty y ears ago since Bry-i
ant published his “ Thahatopis” in!
the North American Review , aiTd yet
that“ good gray hoad which all men
know” still lingers with us, honored
and revered. One easily guesses the
secret of bis long and useful life by
watchijig his habits in these latter
days in hts own borne at Cedarmere.
He rises at six in tho tgorning, and
exercises with dumb-bells for an hour.
Ho congratulates himself onTlis slen
der build, and say» r Lughingly,”How
much better it wov! . be to carry a
heavy load for half an hour and then
be relieved of the burden, than to
carry it with one forever at one step.”
He is simple to abstemiousnoss in bis
diet. While bis breakfast table is am
ply supplied with variety for his
guests, ho contents himself with a
dish of boiled hominy and milk. Ho
uses uciikor tea nor coffee, though
they aro always offered to others.
Ho writes chiefly in the morning, and
devotes the afternoon to out-door ex
ereises, and social en
joyment; for he is fortunately irSsh
enough to bo froofrOtn excessive labor.
His attachment, to his home at Cedar
mere is very stfong, and he interests
himself in tho concerns o( his neigh
bors with a hearty friendliness. May
■no kindly lace,-with its flowing, sil
very board and hair, linger long under
those beloved trees which rise above
Codarmero. —Christian Times and Wit
lll'S.
Bread Making.—l have been raa -
king such good bread fately, that I
concluded not to hide nxy light under
,i bushel, so I will let -cm into t ! >. ae- .
oret. ’ fi>Viw« , ■ oti'iary'tiAvo-; 1. noil
j " ' x '
”■ '<• a*''o’ low fM „V*;.!
iPM of- dntyr, and'",', ,'v .«•
potato '#^'t : ipiiii
Jeattt" until Rl|- smooth and wlrTte,
and cool enough add a cake of
yeast well u. ,o ' 3O * vec * id a little water
with a lump of whf'-o sugar in it. Stir
it in well; cover up and s’t in a warm
piaco until morning, when it *°
ho very light, and thon add a litli®
warm water and enough Boor and salt
as usual. 1 uso all the sponge at one
baking. Well, the bread will get very
light; thon grease your pans and form
the loaves, and when light bake them.
Whon the bread is done, I simply
turn it upside down until cool, and
then wrap it up, it will bo very soft,
and I think you will like it. While
on the subjoct, perhaps another re
cipe would be acceptable during the
high prices : Sift so much corn meal
as you think sufficient, add a little
salt, and pour boiling water on it, beat
until smooth, grease a hot griddlo,
and put on tho cakes with a spoon;
do not havo the batter stiff or too thin.
When dono, split and butter; wo liko
them very much for a chango. Yel
low meal would probably boas good
for those who liko it. —Qermantoxon
Telegraph.
Giving as A Duty. —A writer in
tho New York Evangelist record tho
following incident:
A few Sabbath evenings sinco a
young gentleman in a Deformed Dutch
congregation on Fifth Avcnuo went
home from church with his pastor,
and after telling him how bo had been
prospered during the past year, said
to him in substance :
“1 have considerable of the Lord’s
money in my possession ; to what use
shall I put it ?’’
Ilis pastor told him that their Board
of loreign Missions was 859,000 in
debt, and recommended him to give
85,000 to that Board, lie did so at
once, and went home. The next
morning before breakfast tho gentle
man came back, much troubled in
spirit, and said :
“I did not give enough last night.”
He sat down quickly and wrote his
check for 859,000 dollars, and thus
swopt off a burdensome debt of their
missionary board by one stroke of his
pen? “Now,” said he,“l feel hotter."
And tbo noxt meeting of that Hoard
was a jubilee. Let us ask, are there
no Warren Ackermans in our chur
ches?
VOL n.-Nft 3.
MODE OF MANAGING A BESTIVE MOEsN.
A groom, mounted on a high-met
tied hu,nter, entered .the High street
of Goldstream, and whejy opposite
Sir John Msjoribankrs monument
the horse began to plunge and Fear
to a fearful extent, swerving teethe
right and then to the left, but go for
ward ho would not nor could all tho
exertions of the groom overcome hte
obstinacy. The street was filled with
people exacting to see the animal
destrtjty hitsSfelf on the spikes of the
iron railing round the monument,
when Mr. McDougal, saddler, walked
up to the groom and Baid : “I think,
my man, you are not taking the pro
per method to make the horse go; al
low me, if you please, to show you a*
trick worth knowing.” “Weil," said
the groom, “if you can make him go,
it’s more than I can when Mr. Mo-
Dortgal took a bit of whipcord, which
he tied with a firm knot on the end of
the animal ear, which he bent gently
down, fastening the end of the stripg
f6 tho cheek bucklo of the bridle,
which done hi patted the horse’s nsek
once or twioo, and said, “Now let me,
see you go quietly home like a good
horse,” and*astontshing to relate, he
moved off gontly as if nothing had
happened. Mr. MoDongal says he
has s'een in London horses whieh no
manner of force could make go, while
this mild treatment was always suc
cessful.
Aroma of cOmxsH&Ma berries of
coffee, once roasted, lose every hour
somewhat of their aroma, in conse
quence of the influence of the oxygen
of the air, whiob, owing to the porous
ness of tfae.roasted berries, can easily
penotrate. This pernicious change
i n av avoided, tjystr owi ngi over
fe-jhjhiaiegpa'the as
-1 llsPßliHi SUE
diately, and by well shaking or turn
ing the ronster quickly, spreads over
all the berries, add gives each one a
fine glaze, impervious to the atmos
phere. They then have a shining ap*
pearance, as though oovored with var
n.'sfa, and they in consequence loss
their smell entirely, whic hhowever,
return in a high degree as they are
ground. Alter this operation, they
are to be shaken out rapidly from the
roaster and spread on a cold plate of
iron, so that they may cool as soon as
possible. If tho hot berries are al
lowed to remain heaped together they
begin to sweat, and whon tho quanti
ty is largo the heating process by the
influence of air increases to such a
degree that at last they take fire spon
taneously. The roasted and glazed
berrios should be kept in a dry place,
because the covering of sugar attracts
moist uro. —Baron Liebig.
Manuring. —Some farmers put off
the application of their stable and
yard mauure to wheat, until winter
or spring. Whon this is done they
are usually but poor compensation for
their labor. Winter wheat has two
periods of growth : the first in antumn,
and tho second during the following
spring and summer. Tho vigor of the
crop, in its second period, generally
depends very much on the healthful
devoloperoont of these parts of the
roots which are natural to the first or
autumn period. If, then, manure !b
incorporated with the soil at the
time of sowing, the impulse given to
the wheat plants in autumn is almost
cortain to continue until the crop is
matured—unloss some physical cause
comes in to prevent it,‘such as drouth
or the depredation of insects. But
when manure is spread upon feeble
wheat in winter or spring it comes
too late. The basis of a good crop is
not there. As well might you expect
to make a great ox from a stinted calf,
us to make a good crop from saoh a
case as this.
•W I I
No Mange in Black Hoes. — A
writer in the Southern Planter, descri
bing the different varietiesoiswine says
bo never knew black bogs to h*ve
mango, while white ones are very
subject to it, and sometimes die of if.