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THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE.
JAS. A. WRIGHT, AGENT.
THE WASHINGTON GAZETTE.
Tebms—-Three Dollars a year, in advance
OBSERVATION ON MANURES.
A correspondent of Mr. David Dick
Bon, requests bis views in regard to
the value oi the soluble Pacific Guan
os, compared with Peruvian, to bo
given in the columns of the Cultivator,
and we are favored with the following
communication in response :
Editors Southern Cultivator
You will see by the enclosed loiter,
that I am requested to use my pen. to
test the value of a compound called
Soluble Pacific Guano ns c mpared
with Peruvian Guano. I appeal to
the corn and cotton plants to decide
their real value. lam friendly to all
pure guanos in their natural state, but
prefer raising them myself, and sa
ving the profit; and for one, will buy
that manure which pays tho best. It
is not in any of my books or practice,
that by adding a fertilizer to the land,
I kill the land.
And, as 1 promised you to g ; vo
eome reasous why ammonia will im
prove the land, I will do so, without
using any argument to convince any
person thereof against his will. 1 will
/state facts just as I think they exist,
and wilt not attempt to write a
learned essay ; and as its appearance
on paper will not be attractive, to
reap its value, you must look to the
soil, and transfer its conclusions into
practice.
1 will divide manures into their two
recognized ctaiscs, inorgu> ic and or
ganic, to compare their value. 1 or-
ganic manures, such as lime, potash,
.phosporic ac d| Ac., are tho b sis of
fa.i^'4u f ?aiiJj»Bero they abound in
Whrnm lif Alfflpilr l i ‘ will enable
, : *7-*, , ,
pqinti«'4^u* > g-Sthev and Appropriate
of tho organic manures
Bul/planiA and Seeds aro not al vays
made up of specific quauiitiea airy
•ywqrc tbs-,, a hog i*. ..T.U« a
•that T will wtf£li*BfK) •Iw, »»t<f on# it]
tips jwtafc age very poor, that vsy-;
only on» humjied pbun4;s, 'qnd
.analyse see how, (Itfllr/ShtS
tl* all the parts, ac-
X*o|)S.u^' to.thaj Weight Wf' qaeb anirnai,
aSjd* how varYqps- the, proportions of
bone, nitrogen, carbon, Ac
With a full supply of nitrogenous
and carbonaceous matter, corn and
cotton, Ac., mav ho made with much
less, in proportion, of potash and bone
earth. Take a cord of blackjack
wood off a poor pine or black jn/k
ridge, where there is but little organ
ic matter, and set the organic matter
freo by burning tho wood; then take
the second cord of blackjack wood
from a rich bottom, whore the organic
matter abounds in great quantities,
and relatively in much greater pro
portion to the inorganic matter; burn
this as you did the first cord. The
cord of wood from the poor land, will
contain nearly double the quantity of
phosphate of lime and potash that ex
ists in tho wood from the rich land.
All soap mfikers have found this true
as to potash.
Now to compare tho t”0 manures:
Take 100 bushels of cotton seed, and
set all tbo organic matter free by
burning the seed; then take 100 hush
els of cotton seed, and put it into the
hills of corn on five acres. Then put
ihe ashes—the total inorganic matter
of the 100 bushels of burnt seed—on
the bills of five acres of corn. Then
plant five acres without any manure.
The difference in the crops of the
three pieces will show what the or
ganic and inorganic parts aro worth.
My opinion is, that one bushel of
raw cotton seed is worth, for the
growing of plants, as much as the
ashes of the 100 bushels of burnt seed
This I consider a fair test, of the dif
ference in value between the phos
phates and alkalies on the one hand,
and carbon and ammonia on the other.
I had 400,000 pounds of cotton and
seed burned in one house. Tho
manure was not worth to me as much
as one thousand pounds of seed.
Second : Take the manure of ten
horses for one year, dropped under
cover, and set all the organic parts
free by burning, thereby wasting its
ammonia. Then take the manure
from the like number of horses, drop
ped in liko manner. Use this on
twenty acres of cotton; use the ash
es on . twenty acres of the same kind
of land; then plant twenty acres
without any manure. Cultivate them
all alike, and the difference will boa
fair test between phosphate and am
monia, except that tbo Commercial
phosphates are mostly insoluble—th
ammonia always soluble, or will be in
due lime, which is a great item in fa
vor of ammonia.
Now I will state a different way to
prove that ammonia is tbo cheapest
and most expeditious way to renew
the fertility / f lad, and make it pro
duciive. In the first place I will re
br you to clover. Every per.-on
knows the effect that clover bason
worn lard in a climate where it will
grow. The Chief tilings added to the
soil by a clover crop, are carbon and
ammonia. In the South, the cow-pea
will answt'r the smie end, if sown ear
ly, manured with 200 p mnds of Peru
vian guano, and turned under from
the first of July to the first, of August;
then at the same lime seeded again
with peas, using 100 pounds guano.
Feed off with hogs and cattle, which
will generally pay for all expense-,
and leave the land twenty dollars bet
ter —the increased in value to bo deci
doJ by tho it.crease production of the
next eoltoi crop, compared with tliai
of a part of tho fi Id that you have
left uumauured, and not sown with:
peas. If a man will try this expori
ineut on one acre each way, and fails
to gel his money back next year, in
cotton, 1 will s, nd him ti e Cultivator
during my life. All acknowledge the
importance of turning under green
crops. Tho only' thing lost by' their
drying, is their ammonia. I have
made money by giving my land one
year in four, to gather nmmouiu and
humus.
You will site that by U o abovo tests,
it will bod oeided almost exclusively’
in favor of ammonia. 1 now will refer
you to the Nortbpru, and Eunqioan
pyfip* is im-rs’iyf the N rib
'urn'Suites arb impty.rvi.ng ihoil lands
■algce at.cni.i* ely by. increasing tier
'supplieA
(iloNVr,
stock to git .1 ho’-'o. fcrops, * i/itrUiHljc;.'
not garnutjij jityep.liules;
and gaining nitrogen—yufkiqg th.r.
land inch, and tho land making tiiv
(Verier nidi, • Wo nil kn /w something
about English agriculture. Ammo
nia is the f undation. Ammonia
trorn Peruvian guano; ammonia from
tho turnip, l ay and clover, Ac., retor
mug merely the bone rank to tho
soil, which has been extracted by
ammonia, which last is constantly in
creasing in its relative amount
I must clo-e, and leave tho subject
hardly commenced. In all Ibis I see
great encouragement, for with a lit
tie ammonia, we can gather a
amount every year, and put it ot
Compound interest—ge'-lb'g larger
returns from year to year, by adding
80 lbs, ol ammonia annually, and get
ii g good dividends on tho invest
ment.
I believe strongly' in natural laws.
Sudy nature; tiaeo all things from
cause to effect, arid effect to cause, but
do not go to extremes as some do—
advocating surface manuring because
the trees drop the'r leaves on the
ground, contending that it is nature’s
plan to manure tho surface. 1 think
there is some doubts whether she is
trying to manure at all, or making an
effort to produce lior like, and bas no
choice where the leaves shall fall.
At all events, it is a little safest to add
a iiittle science, experience and art, to
help old nature.
Sparta, Ga., April 4th 1867.
Yeast.— To make god yeast, boil
two ounces of the hi st hops in a gal
lon ol water for half an hour, strain
it, and let it cool down to tbo beat
oi new milk ; then put in a small hand
ful of salt, and halt a poind of moist
sugar; beat up one pound of the best
flour with some of liquor, and then
mix all well together. Two days af
ter, add throe pounds of potatoes,
boiled and mashed, to stand for fmr
and twenty boujs; then put it into
bottles, arid it wiil be ready for use.
Sir it frequently while making and
keep it waira. Beiore using shake
the bottle well up. It will keep in a
cool place for two months.
WASHINGTON, WILKES CODNTV, GA., FRIDAY MOiSNING, MAY 17, 1867.
INTO THE SUNSHI -E.
“Come, E idy,” said Mrs. Lawson tol
I or boy, who sat on the floor, pout-;
iog in a very unhandsome way. His
lips were pu.-h< and out, the corners of
bis jpontti drawwi down, and his pret
ty lorehead disfigured by ugly frown
ing lines.
“Come, dear „ Mrs. Lawson spoke
to him again, but he neither moved
nor answered, which was very undu-i
liful of Eddy, as every little hoy and!
girl w ho reads ibis will Say.
“Open the windows, darling, and j
let in the sunlight.” Eddy's mother j
-poke in a gentle, yet earnest voice,
Ho did not understand just w hat it
meant, I t- ho looked at the windows,!
and then ha k again to bis mother, a
puzzled expression coming into his !
face.
“My* lit la boy has shut tho win
dows of his soul, and is sitting in!
Uai k'-e-H.”
“YVhat windows, mother? It isn’t
dark.” Eddy seemed still more puz
zle!. Tuo ugly lines began to lade
away from bis white forehead; his
lips no longer pouted. Getting up
from the floor, he came and stood by
bis mother, with his clear blue eyes
lot king steadily' into hors.
“Ah, the sunshine is coming back !”
said Mrs. Lawson in a cheery way,
smiles breaking over hor face. “My
boy is opening tho windows that
were shut so tightly' a little while
eg
“Won’t you tell me about it, moth
er? I don’t know. Wlmt windowVf.’
Eddy was a li tlo hoy, and. ’{lid not
understand just what;*' his mother
meant, us you may know by his ques
tions. S>, tftkii g his hand, she led
bin’ info the gardens to a place where
the sunfilrid m vor came. The ground
was damp and slimy. Moss covered
ilia sJtpnes and rotting wood, and
was creeping over tho hare ground
on which the grass woyjld .not t: ko
' sjiofSf **A few sickly. i>W*sts had
sprung up tri this slpidy ckriier, tliris
pale loaves, arid weak, crooked
branoheq giving, theui' a pitiable us—
l H ; ct -. * f
‘•AXWfcißUiirf ’ asked Eddy’s motli
■ eOstoofring over a .poor, little plant
;tliat'.\vjas r striving feebly to -shoot up
u fl i' er *tetri.
“It looks like phlox,” tho child an
swerod.
“Yes, rli's is phlox. But why' is it
so small and mean look ng, while the
phlox standing out in the garden is
three times an large, and full of blos
soms ? ’
“Tin re isn’t any tun bore,” suid
Eddy, who, though a very small boy,
had learned thut all plantr needed tho
sunshine.
“Just the reason darling. Nothing
cati grow in health and beauty’ with
out sunshine. No, not even little
boys. And that is why I told you,
just now, to open tbo wind ws and
-lot in the light. You were silting on
the floor, in tho darkness of ill-ten/
per; and for the look of sunshine.
your lacu had become as different
from the tiuo fueo ot my E.dy us
this weak and defoitm and plant is Iroiu
iho beautiful phlox in the garden.
But ynu are in tho sunshine again.
The darkness of a sullen temper in
gone; you feel bright and happy.
And now, my dear boy , you must be
very eaieful not to shut tho windows
of your soul, as you did just
now. You felt very unhappy be
cause the light was gone. Shall l
ull you about Ibis ligbv that shines
into i bC soul ?
“Well, it is not from tho sun that
you see up in tho tky ”
“1 know that,” said E!dy\ “It’s
onother kind of light.” And his eyes
danced with intelligence.
“The light from a loving heart. Is
that it ? ’ asked Airs. Lawson.
“Tell mo. You know," answered
the child.
“Yes dear, it is tho light from a
loving heart, and that makes us cheer
ful and happy. In this sunshine all
the good affections of oar souls, like
plants in a garden, put forth their
green luavos aud bright flowers. You
shut out the sunlight a little while
ago by the hand cf ill-temper, and
were in darkness. llow miserable
you fell! But now you sft-o in the
light and happy. D>n’t go into dark
corners any more, my dear; but stay
| in tae light, so thaLyyj!MMiMOMMV
iidtbe garden of the Lord, healthy’,
and strong, and beautiful.”— Author's
CkilSteri t^our.
ORIGIN OF NAMES OF STATE?.
There is nothing like knowing how
things became so; and very many of
our hinders may feel interested to
know tho origin of tho names of
| Sates.
Mqiue.—So callod from the province
|<f Maine, in France, in compliment
of Q ‘ben Henrietta of England, who,
it bus been said, owned that, province.
This is tho commonly received opin
ion. *,
N< w Hampshire.—Named by John
M a son in 1689 (who with another ob
milled the gram from tho crown,) from
Hampshire county, in England. The
formef name oi the domain was La
! coi.iu,
| Vermont.—From tho French words
! vert and moot, or green mountains, in
jd eutive ot the mountainous nature of
j the State. 'The name was first office
jdaily Recognized January 16th, 1777.
j Massachusetts.—lndian name, sig
uifying “the country about tho great
lolls,” ». e, the “ Blue HiTls.”
Radio Island.—’The name was
adopted in 1644, from tho island of
BhodcS, in the Mediterranean, because
ot its jancied resemblance to that is
land.
Connecticut—This is the English
orLbogmphy of the Indian word
Qijonooi-ta-cut, which signifies “ tlio
long riApV.”
New! by tho Duko
ol YoA, unJSKjKnfor of title given to
uim bjKjtho. English crown in 1664.
New Jersey.—So called in honor of
Sir Geinge UNa teret, who was Govcr
nor oFllu?,island of Jersey, in tbo
v { r > A 1 *vL
Penn, tiio lutl’Si'-Hd;' the founder i 4 f iho
p/e■/mng “ BettiiWteods.” ..,;r.
Delta’ore.—ln honor pf 'iJn/mas'
Vv'ost, Lord de-la-wure, Vho visiled
the bay and di«d thereTn IMO.
Maryland.—After Henrietta Maria,
Q eon of Charles I. of B /gland.
Virginia.—So called in honor' 6f‘
Quueii'Eljsshbutb, tho “ Virgin Queen,”
in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh
made the first attempt to colonize
that region.
North Carolina and South Carolina
were originally in one tract, called
“Carolina,” after Charles IX., of
Franco, in 1504. Subsequently, in
1705, the name was ullered to Caro
lira.
Georgia.—So called in honor of
George 11., of England, who esiab
lished a c lony in that legion in 1732.
Florida.- —Ponco do Leon, who dis
covered this portion of North Ameri
ca in 1512, and named ft Florida, in
commemoration of the day lie landed
there, w hich wns the Pusquo do Flores
• f the Spaniards, or “Feast ot Fiow
ei s,” other wise known as EusUr
Sunday. .
Alabama.—Formerly a portion of
Mississippi tenitory, admitted into
union, as a State in 1810. Tho name
is of Indian origin, signifying “here
wo test.”
Mississippi.—Formerly a pot lion of
tho province ol Louisiana. S > named
in 1800, from the great river on iis
western lino. The term is of Indian
origin, meaning “long river.”
Louisiana.—From Louis XIV., of
Franco, who for some lime prior to
1768 owned tho territory.
Aikansas.—From “Kansas,” tho
Indian name for “smoky water,” with
the French prefix “ire,” bow.
Tennessee.—lndian for “ river of
big bend,” t. e., the Mississippi, which
is its western boundary.
Kentucky.—lndian for “ at tho head
of tho river.”
Ohio. —From the Indian, meaning
“ beautifully.” Previously applied to
the river which traverses a great part
of its border.
Michigan.—Previously applied to
the lake, the Indian name for a fish
weir. So called becauso of tho fan
cied resemblance of tho lake to a fish
trap.
Indiana.—So called in 1802, from
tho American Indians.
Wisconsin. —Indian name for a
wild, rushing channel.
Missouri.— Named in 1831, from tho
great branch oi tho Mississippi which
■dbrws through it. Indian term mean
ing “ muddy.”
Illinois.—From the Indian “ Ilini,”
men, and the French suffix “ois,” to
gether signifying “ tribe of men.”
lowa.—From the Indian, signify
ing the drowsy ones.”
Minnesota.—lndian for “cloudy
water.”
California.—The name given by
Cortiz, the discoverer of that region
lie probably obtained it from an old
Spunir-h romance, in which an imagi
nary island ot that name is descri
bed as abounding in gold.
Oregon.—According to some, from
the Oregon, “liver of tho West.”—
Others consider it derived from tho
Spanish “oregano," wild majoram,
which grows aoundantly on the Pa
cifie coast.
GENEROSITY.
Oily, the eminent artist, one day
snid to Lord Sholburne, “My lord, per
haps you have heard of John Wesley,
tiio founder of the Methodists.” “O !
yes” See., ‘'that nice of fanatics.”
“Well, nty lord, Mr. Wesley had been
urged to have his likeness taken, hut
ho always refused. One day he cal
led oti mo on some business, and I
began the old subject. Well, suid I,
knowing you vuluo money for the
means of doing good, if you will grant
mo my request, t will engage to give
you ten guineas for the fiist ten min
utes that you sit, and for every’ min
ute that exceeds that time you shall
receive a guinea.” “What,” said
YYesley’, “do 1 understand y’ou aright,
that you will give me ton guineas for
having my likeness taken? Well, I
agree to it.” He Ikon stripped off his
coat., and lay on tho si fa, and in eight
minutes I had the moat perfect bust 1
hud ever taken. lie then wnshod hie
I emunted to him ten guineas
'if. h^u^du^S?**«*“£»
oq’puii'-’n, “I never til! now
n pney'Vo speedily; hut what j
shall wo do with it r” They wjflied a
good morning, and proceodod'ov«j'
.YVestminster bridge. They met a'
poor woman Crying bitterly, with
time children dying rcrqiql her./ On 1 ’
inquiring Ifie oatiso oilier . distrygs 4
YVcwl/iy ltytfncd that ‘ the‘cptjdffore' of
bp'r husband wore dragging iiim to
prison, uftor having sold their effects,
which were inadequate to pay the
debts by’ eighteen shillings. One
guinea made her happy'. lie then
went to Giltspur prison. Tho first
ward ho entered ho was struck with
the nppoaranco of a poor wretch
greedily eating potato skins. Ho was
confined for a debt of half a guinea.
YVerhy gave him a guinea, and had
the plousuro of Boeing him liberated,
with huT a guinea in his pocket. “You
may imagine, my lord,” said Caly,
“that the remaining eight guineas did
not go far in aiding such distross as
this.” Lord Shelburne was so con
vinced of tbo inistakon opinion ho
had formed of YVesley, that he imme
diately ordered a dozen of his busts to
embellish tho grounds of his beautiful
residence.
Tiiy it. —A correspondent of The
Country Gentleman asserts that red co
dar twigs bound around the bodies of
fruit trees, butts upward, will effectu
ally protect the trees from insects.
And if fruit trees, why not shade
trees? Col. Dewey, of Hartford,
writes to The Horticulturist that in his
vine) aid, grapes trained upon rod ce
dar posts and irellises are free from
mildew and insoots, and those grow
ing closest to the posts and have tho
most beulthfui appearance and are tho
most productive.
Cold Grapery — The vines, if not
already started, should put up as noti
ced last month. Warmth and moist
ure being uuder the control of the cul
tivator, the starting may be hastened
or rotarded. When growth has com
menced, tho temperature of the house
may reach 85° at mid-day. Use the
syringe to preserve a proper moisture
in the air. Select the strongest shoots
for fruiting, and rub out tho rest.
( American Agriculturist.
The Rev. Dr. MeClintoek, a distin
guished minister of the Methodist
Church has undertaken the prepara
tion of anew Cyclopedia of Bioheal
Literature, to be extended to six large j
volumes, royal Bvo.
VOt. n.-NO. 4.
MORAL COURAGE Ilf EVERY-DAY LOT.
Huve the courage to discharge a
debt while you have the money in
your pocket.
Have the courage to do without that
which you do not need, however much
your eyes may covet it.
Have the courage to speak your
mind, when it is necessary you should
do so, and to bold your tongue when
it is prudent you should do so.
Have the courage to speak to Ik
friend in a “ seedy ” coat, even though
you are in company with a rich one,
and richly attired.
Havo the courage to make a will
and a just one.
Havo tho courage to toll a man why
you will not lend him your money.
Have tho courage to “ out” the most
agreeable acquaintance you have,
when you are convinced that he lacks
principle. “ A friend should bear
witb a friend’s infirmities," but not
with his vices.
Have tho courage to show your re
spect for honesty, in whatever guisa
it appears; and your contempt for
dishouest duplicity, by whomsoever
exhibited.
Havo the courage to wear your old
clothes until you pay for new ones.
Have the courage to obey your
Maker, at the risk of being ridiculed
by man.
Have the courage to prefer com
fort and propriety to fashion, in all
things.
Have the courago to acknowledge
your ignorance, rather than to seek
credit for knowledge under false pre
tenses.
Have the courago to provide enter
tainment for your friends, within your
means—not beyond.
si ymmjta. t*ko a good
i a “ - idrit annually in ud
varico. ' v
Preparation or Whitewash.—
Take a clean, water-tight barrel, or
other suitable cask, and put into it
-half 4 !) bushel -of lime. Slack it bjp
'poifring water over it, boiling hot,
and in sufficient quantity to cover five
inches deep, and Stir brilkfy till thor
oughly- slaked Dissolve in water,
and add two pounds of sulphate of
zinc and oue of common salt. Those
will cause the whitewash to harden,
and prevont its cracking, which gives
an unseemly appoaranco to the work.
If desirable, a beautiful cream color
may be communicated to the above
wash by adding three pounds of yel
low ochre; or a good pearl or lead co
lor by the addition of lamp, vine, or
ivory black. For fawn color, add
four pounds or Amer
ican, tho latter is tho cheapest—one
pound Indian red and one pound com
mon lamp -black. For common stone
color add four pounds raw umber aDd
two pounds lamp-black. This wash
may be applied with a common white
wash brush, and will be found muoh
superior, both in appearance and dura
bility, to common whitewash.
Only One Hen in Venice. — A stu
dent in ono of tho British military
academies bad copied a drawing of a
scene in Venice, and in copying the
title, had spelt tho name of tho city
Vennice. The drawing master put his
pen through the superfluous letter,
observing, “Don’tyou know,sir, there
is but one hen in Venice ?” Ou which
tho youth burst out laughing. Being
asked what ho was laughing about, be
replied he was thinking how uncommon
ly scarce eggs must be there. The mas
ter, in his wrath, reported him to the
colonel in command, a Scotchman.
He, on hearing tho disrespectful reply,
without in tho least perceiving the
point of the j< ko, observed, “An a
vorra naatural observaation too.”—
Alford's Queen'B English.
Iron and Stone Cement.— A Ger
man chemist prescribes six parts of
Fortland cement, one part nicely pow
dered lime, burnt but not slacked,
two parts of sand, and one part of
slacked lime, mixed with'the necessa
ry quantity of water, used as a filling
betwoen stone and iron, both being
previously damped. After forty
eight hours the cement will be
noarly as hard and durable as stoneu