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fetokto (fomta CLonstitationdht oni fcjmbuc
Ce' • '*' Trs?* “si r . - . ■ --- ..
BY JAMES GARDNER, JR.
OFFICE ON McINTOSH-STREET
THIRD POOR FROM THR KORTH-WHBT COKNRR OF BRO*t>
RTKRKT.
Faleßof L AND by Executor*, Administrators or Gnar
dians. ace required. by l*<» to be hold eu the “ rs
Tuesday in the month, between the hours of ton in
the forenoon and three in the afternoon »l the ( out i
House in which the property i« situate. »«tw »l
these sales mud be given in a pnblln Uatetto, Mill
DAYS previous to the day of sale.
Sale, of NKGROhS must be at rublie Auction, on the
ttr-H. Tuesday of the mouth, between the <>»<>•>> bo"*,
of ule, at the place of public wales in I ie c.uuty
where the Letters Testamentary, or
or Guardianship, may have been grants I. .r* t £
SIXTY DAY S notice thereof. in one ol tl ;ushe
Garetles of this Slate, and at the doorot the C nrt
House where mtch salos »re to b«» he c
Notice for the sales of Personal I report y mustl e g l .
iu like manner. FORTY BAY* predion* * ‘ • .
Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an hstate. must
be published for FORTY DA' S Court of
Nottce 1 loir? NKGROKS. must
TWO MONTHS, before any order absolute oau b<
given by the Court. „«..orvn
’ TERMS Os ADVERTISING
Ono square, 12 lines,’¢s the first insertion, and .>0
cents afterward*. _
LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS
Sheriff*.. Levi.is. 30 lavs. »2 30 per levy; «0 days. S 3.
Executor s. Administrator’* aud Guardian s Sales, Real
Estate, (per square 121 nee.)
Do. do. Personal Estate d *»
Citation fur Letters of Administration... -
Do do. Dirmiseion „
Notice to Debtors and Creditors 3 25
Two Mouths'Notice* • .• ”*
Rules Ni«d, (monthly} <1 par square, each insertion
.Obituary Notices over six Hues, will be charged
at the kaiuv rates as advertisement*
LEG*AL NOTICES.
£*?• Notice of lite sale of Land and Negroes by Ad
ia ini stratum. Executors nr Guardians, must bo publish
ed FORTY DAYS preyi.ms to the duos sale.
Notice t » Debtors and Creditors of an estate
muat FORTY DAYS
Notice that application will be made to the
Court of Ordinary for leave to <ell Lam! er Negroes,
Mint l»e published TWO MONTHS, weekly
k ■=*• Notice of application for Latter* of Admiuistra
t >'u. W n.t be published THIRTY D\VS: and Let*
ter* d Di'un.vsion of Executor* or Administrators. SIX
MONTHS—Di smiasion of Guardians, FORT A DAYS.
•h TrlN! u uwl.<e S .les Ik ragi lir Administra
tor-. as under the old law. FORTY DAYS.
.•/•ALL REMITTANCES PER MAIL, ark at OUR
RISC.
Al Gl S rA, GA.
SATURDAY'MORNING, MARCH 19.
Thu Trial of Dr. Gardiner.
This trial, now progressing at Washington, is
exciting general interest throughout the cotin- i
try. There are many peculiar circumstances
connected with it, and the result is one involv
ing the character of more persons than that of
the defendant on trial. It seems impossible
that so targe an amount could have been I‘raiidu- I
lently abstracted from the Treasury, and yet the ;
agents and attornevs through whose aid it was
accomplished, be unacquainted with the fraud. I
if Dr. Gardiner be guilty.it is a stretch of char- , f
ity to suppose them innocent.
The Charleston Mercury very justly com- !
meuts on this trial, as follows :
Ths Gardiner Case.—The Washington Re- :
public of Monday contains the second day’s pro- i
feedings in the trial of the above case. Up to
this point, but little progress had been made in '
the development of the evidence upon which the !
judgment of an awakened, and scrutinizing pub- i
lie sense, must be finally pronounced. The I
opening speeches contain their usual quantum i
of assertions of guilt on the one side and inno- |
cence on the other. We shall watch with much
interest the progress made. IfGardiner is inno
cent, in heaven’s name let there be just ami free
absolution given from the grievous matters laid j
at his door. But if guilty, we shall hesitate to j
believe that he alone has emerged unclean and j
corrupt from a stream which has certainly pour- |
ed wealth upon others.
It will be seen by the report that the struggle I
opened on a very frivolous ground, and in our I
opinion, one most unfortunate for the defendant.
His counsel were certainly indifferent to the ini- |
pression. which such a course would inevitably
produce upon truthful minds. Or perhaps they
expect to redeem their brave promises to prove j
his innocence, by staving off the damning ver- I
diet on such flimsy and immaterial issues as
this. A man may walk boldly and unmolested !
ftom the custody of the law, to whose perverted j
technicalities he owes his release, while there is |
a conviction of his guilt deep in the minds of ■
men which nothing can wash out. And so will j
it be with Dr. Gardiner, if his counsel, availing .
themselves of the traps and pit-falls into which |
human justice is ever prone to slip, succeed in I
snatching him from the scrutiny of facts and bold •
investigation.
Far better for him and them that they should ’
disclaim the ate of the trickeries of the act ot I
advocacy, which may perhaps enhance their I
lame tor ingenuity, but can only augment the !
a.reedy ta*,Mda.4l.e.. unf r- ,
U—U r
Later from Texas.
By the arrival of the James L. Day, (says the |
X. O. Picayune, 13th inst.,) we have Galveston ,
papers to the Sth inst., from which, and some j
papers from the interior, we gather the following I
intelligence.
A letter from San Antonio to the Galveston i
News says:
The removal of the beadquarters of the army
has undoubtedly been a drawback to San Anto
nio The quarterma»ter’s department is still
I ere but that is evicted also to be removed
shortly, which be a great loss to the place, j
The Galves*” 1 ew ’ 3 -°f t be Sth inst., says: I
I [- piston, who is now visiting Texas '
with a »*w to see what can be lone in the wqy i
< i a telegraph line from Galveston to j
v . -ceport, there to connect with a line project- |
the latter place to Natchez, meets with
uch encouragement in this city and Houston, as I
promises an early commencement of the work, j
The merchants of Houston and Galveston are
fully alive to the advantages of a telegraphic I
connection with the rest of the Union.
Tbe dredge machine constructed for cutting a
channel up to Lavaca succeeds fully equal to I
expectations of the most sanguine. It is esti- I
mated that it will cut a channel seventy-five feet
long, thirty feet wide, and three feet deep, in
twelve hours. It will first be employed in ex
cavating a large basin at the end ofthe wharves,
alter which it will proceed to open the channel
through Gallinipper.
The railroad meeting called by the Victoria
Advocate, with a view to secure the passage of
the Gulf Railroad through that city, as the only
means to save that place from utter ruin, has
been held with very favorable results. The Ad
vocate'says that the sum of 15,000 was promtly
subscribed by the citizens, and anticipates $5,000
more, which, added to the $35,000, a sum sufii- j
cient as the editor thinks, to induce the directors ;
to change the course of the road through Vic- !
tom.
The Lavaca Commercial says that recent
heavy rains above, and in that vicinity, have
swollen all the streams to an unusual height.
A washing and drying apparatus, capable of
doing the work of forty women, washing, wring
ing and drying clothes in thirty minutes, has
been built for the Cunard steamer, and another
for the Norwich and Worcester steamboat line.
The St. Louis Insurance offices have resolved
not to take risks on cargoes shipped on second
and third class boats, unless at an advanced pre
mium. This arrangement has the effect of giv
ing a preference to first class, safe boats.
Mobii.r Races.—The spring meeting over the
Base seh Course at Mobile will commence on
Monday, the 21st inst. and will continue through
out the week. Great sport is anticipated, as the
course has been put in fine order and the stables
of Col. Bingaman, Capt. Minor and Hon. D. F I
Kenner, and those of several gentlemen from
Alabama, will be in attendance.
Andrew Norris died at his residence, near Cin
cinnati on the Sth, aged 91 years. He wa« with
General Washington, at the time of the execu
tion of Major Andre.
Mrs. Pierce is still in Baltimore, tolerably well
in health, but her spirits are still much depres
sed. The President returned to Washington on
Friday afternoon.
The California and Pacific Trade has largely
increased from last year. From January 1, to
March 1, 1852, Boston sent 15 veesefo, this year
same time 48 vessels, New-York last year 24
vessels, this year 68.
The arrivals of square rigged vessels at Bos
ton since January Ist, have been in number 272,
last year 294, showing an increase of 78 vessels
in two months. Sixty ships and barques are
also, now on their passage to Boston, from vari
ous ports in the East Indies and Pacific. Not
many of these are now due.
AffOTHEK. Visit from Jeb.nv Linb.—A let
ter in the New-Orleans Picayune, indicates that
Jenny Limd, will visit this country about the
first of May, 1854.
According to the lust official statement of the
various religious professions of the population of
Prussia, the Catholics number 6,063,186; the
Protestants 9,987,277 ; and Menonites, members
of the Greek church, and Jews, 234,351; togeth
er 16,285,011. Since this census, the population
has increased to within a very few of 17,000,000.
There is now a daily mail between Newbern
N. C. aud Plymouth
Savannah Internal Improvements.
We make the following extracts from n letter
dated •‘South Western Georgia, Jan. 21, ’’ which
appears in the New York Express:
“ Great confidence seems to be felt in what
ever Georgia lays her hand to. I have often
heard it wondered how the citizens of Geoigia
had succeeded so in building railroads, keeping
I out of debt, and making their roads pay well,
i Great caution and prudence were observed in
, requiring a good liberal bona tide subscription
before starting, rather than reiving on “finan
ciering,’’ or selling bonds of the company at a
ruinous discount, and then the most watchful
economy in the expendituresofthe money ; this
characterized the early beginning and progress
of Georgia railroads.
Such things are not perhaps generally burked
for “down South," but it has been true of the
past, and a contrary practice even now, with
the California and Australian mines showering
gold, would be one more honored in the breach
than the observance.
The first great private enterprise, the building
ofthe Central Road, 190 miles long, was com
menced in 1534 when the times were hanland
money scarce. At the time of its completion, it
was the longest single road in the United States;
it has been a sort of model or example for others.
The pers.uu*/ of this road had much to do with
its success. As exhibiting this and showing
with what caution and encononry he proceeded,
I may state that William W. Gordon, Esq., a
■ distinguished member ot the Savannah bar, at
I the time a member of the State Senate. |x>ssess.
; ing largely the public confidence, a most praeti
i cal thorough-going man, was elected President.
i Mr. Gordon applied to a gentleman of high rep
' utation at the North, as Civil Engineer, tosur
; vey and locate the road; bis salary, 1 think, was
Ito be 86000 a year. He came, and very unex
pectedly brought with him some twenty assis
tant engineers. Harnessing six mules to a car
riage, with his champagne baskets up behind, lie
jjrec.'e.fodjto some halt doy.li carps , in tin;,
' • iii uwer c'nsteination, and anally said to i
him, “ Sir, you have mistaken us entirely, wo I
are poor, we look to our subscriber through the I
country to do the grading, or to contribute the j
means for it, as they may be able, while we hope i
to raise as much money from the citizens of' I
Savannah as will enable us to buy the iron, and :
eiect the superstructure ; but we cannot afford
the expense of your numerous coips of engineers .
for a single year.” The result was that they |
were paid oil’, the matter satisfactorily arranged, ■
and they left the work.
; Among the assistant engineers was F. P. i
Holcomb, a young man barely at majority, but I
with considerable experience, and had attracted ,
the attention of Mr. Gordon, and Mr. L. O. Rey- I
Holds, the latter now the able and efficient Pres- |
ident of the South Western road, it was arrang- |
ed that Mr. Reynolds should take the chielship, ;
and he gave to Mr. Holcomb the location ofthe |
road. Upwards of four years were occupied by ;
him with his single small corps in this survey. >
the road passing through a country ot difficult
topography, a great part of it a wilderness, and
intersected by immense swamps, the corps liv- j
ing in their tents summer and winter, sleeping
on their blankets in the absence of mattrasses ;
and the annual expense ot the whole engaged :
probably not equaling the salary ofthe former!
Chief Engineer. I may remark, as showing the I
good judgment of Messrs. Gordon and Reynolds, I
that tnrin the admirable location Mr. Holcomb I
was universally conceded to have made of this I
road, he was recommended by the Chevalier j
Bodisco, the Russian Minister, to his govern
ment, as an engineer of high capacity and estab
lished reputarion. Mr. H. did not go to Russia,
but has since located the South-Western, the Co
lumbus branch, the Waynesboro’ and Augusta,
and is now engaged with his corps in a prelimi
nary survey of the Savannah and Pensacola
road.—These roads all have connection with the
Central, in most of them it is directly interested ; I
their length when completed, including the Cen- t
tral will be some 700 miles.
Among the early employers of the Central
Railroad, in a very subordinate capacity, was
W. M. Wadley, whose talents and great busi
ness energies were discovered, and who became
superintendent of the road, managing it and its
great freight business with an efficiency and
success unsurpassed. He is now managing the
State Road, under an Executive appointment
from Gov. Cobh; the poor mechanic boy may
now be said to be the “ Railroad King’’ of Geor
gia. He is the same gentleman to whom your
citizen, G. B. Lamar, Esq , recently addressed a
letter through the public press, as the prominent
internal improvement man of this State, on the
subject of the caloric engine.
Mr. Gordon, who died before the completion
of this road, and to whose memory Savannah
should erect a statue, since he started her for a
growth and commercial importance that will be
unrivalled in the South, was succeeded by R. K.
Cuyler, Esq., who, to fine financial talents, joins
that of industry, order, care and attention to bu
siness, so necessary in a good executive officer.
The annual receipts of the road under his ad
-rwfnter-r.rTon hnv.-i one —rW .-tfeil. *-
furs; Ilii- are receiving eight per .
cent, dividend, with a handsome surplu* on
hand—the stock being above par, the road out I
of debt, and its receipts annually increasing.— !
The system of check and accountability is the ;
most perfect I have ever seen, full reports in ■
writing being required ot each conductor of 1
every day’s operations.
So much for the persond, and I have dwelt
the more upon this subject because it has, proba- i
bly, generally as much to do with the success of •
railroad enterprises as the character and capac
ity of the general and officers of an army have .
to do with rhe success of military campaigns. I
The Savannah and Pensacola road starts un- I
der favorable auspices. Dr. Screven, a man of I
large wealth,a citizen of Savannah, is devoting
his fortune to the great enterprise, and he is
strongly co-operated with by the merchants and
others of Savannah, and a large amount ot stock
has already been subscribed. But the immediate
destination should be Pensacola, then while
greatly benefiting Georgia and Florida, it will
partake in the objects it will accomplish of that
i national character that will make it one of in
terest to the whole country.”
Gen. Persifgr F. Smith, commander of the
Eighth Military Division, has been in New Or- |
leans for some time, suffering fiom a prolonged I
and severe indisposition. We are glad to say, (
hwever, that under the care of an experienced !
physician, the gallant General lias so far recov- !
ered as to attend to his daily duties and to feel |
certain of a speedy and complete cure. We tin- I
derstand that he will leave in a few days for j
Washington City, and will return thence to j
Corpus Christi, the headquarters of his division. ’
Public meetings have been held at Piqua and ;
other places in Ohio, to forward the project of ;
, constructing a railway from Louisville, Ky., to |
I Sandusky, to avoid the delay and loss to com- J
| merce, of the periodical suspension of the navi- |
gationof the Ohio river between Louisville and
Cincinnati.
It is stated that the grading of the Louisville
and Newport Railroad will be commenced about
the Ist of August.
Peabody’s American Chronicle is informed by
a private letter from Paris that a daughter of
Col. Thorne, of New York, is appointed by the
Emperor of France one of the ladies of the court
for the new Empress.
As a peculiarity ofthe season, a late English
paper says that in the middle of January men
were mowing grass in a field near Weymouth.
Melancholy Accident. —A man named
Thomas Frame, employed in the chocolate mill
of Dr. Jonathan Fell, near the Brandywine
Springs, Del., was caught in the machinery. He
i was found dead on Wednesday morning, with
his hand and arm fast between the cogs, Ids arm
torn entirely from his body and his skull frac
tured.
The Louisville Courier says the receipts of
groceries at that place for the first six months of
the present season show an excess of upwards of
100 per cent, as compared with last season.
It is calculated by the committee who got up
the ordinance for the reorganization of the Cin
cinnati Fire Departmet, that it will cost the city
845,000 to put the system in operation, but that
after the first year it will save the city $20,000
per annum.
A Fall from the Washington Monument.
—An unknown man tell -from the top of the
Washington Monument, in Washington city,
on Friday last, and was instantly killed. His
remains not being identified up to Saturday eve
ning, they were buried by the authorities. The
Intelligencer says is it supposed that he entered
the interior ofthe shaft of the Monument from
the western door about dawn on Friday morn
ing, and having clambered up the ladders to the
top, missed his footing in his attempt to return,
and fell to the bottom of the shaft. In his pock
ets were found a few cabbage leaves and some
pokerries, but no money. No letter, paper, or
matter of any kind was found upon him that
could lead to his identification or place of resi
dence.
An exchange paper suspects that Col. May,
who lately married Miss Law, has left the dra
goon service to engage in the infant-ry drill 1
ft is probable that his days of dragooning are
over. As to bis engaging in infant-ry drill
nothing «au be known until next May eomos
Lead I’lionuei* of Wisconsin,—The Grant
County Herald says the annual amount of lead
produced from the Wisconsin lead minesisabout
40,000.000 jiounds, which, at . r > cents a pound, (a
low enough estimate now,) amounts to 82,000,-
000.
Desi'Krath Mukdekkk.—The Sparta (Ran
dolph county, Mo.) Journal gives the following
part iciihm: of a recent murder, and the subsequent
shooting of the murderer :
A Mr. Taylor was mortally stabbed by anoth
er man, in a ball-room, near I’inkneyville, and
died, in from three to live minutes alter. Lit
tle, the murderer, was found.in the woods with
in three mi'esof Pinkneyvillff by the sheritl ami
two others When called on to surrender, he
refused, ami swore he would kill the first man
wlm tomb’.sl him. In attempting to secure him,
Little stabbed one man in the bead, when he
was instantly shot dead by the sheritl.
The Louisville Courier states that Capt Vi m.
Glover, a former resident ot that city, has ob
tained the contract for a daily mail between
Louisville nml New Orleans at 150,000.
One bundled guns were tired at noon on the
4th inst., on the public landing at Cincinnati,
by Uea Democrats, in honor ot the inauguration
ot fEoi. Pierce as President ot the Republic.
After tire fust of July next, all suits in chance
ry and actions in law in Ohio, will have to be
biought under the provisions ofthe new code.
Reuben Rowland, Esq., Cashier ofthe Branch
Bank of Kentucky, at Hopkinsville, died on the
4th inst., after a protracted illness of several
weeks. i J
held at Cincinnati, on the 3.1 inst., on the person
i of Henrietta Dansany, which resulted in her be
ing sent to the Commercial Hospital as a lunatic
The Enquirer says that Henrietta is a firm be
liever in spiritual rappings, and it is believed
they have been the principal cause of her in
sanity.
Affkay in Shrkvefokt.—We learn from the
South-western that an affray occurred on Sunday
evening, the 27th ult., at the Angle House, in
the suburbs of Shreveport, between Messrs. Ro
gers and Caruthers, in which the former receiv
ed the contents of a shot gum The origin of
the difficulty is not stated.
Spiritual Ravjino in Arkansas.—The rao
]>ers are on their travels. They have ascended
high up Red River on the Arkansas side. The
Washington (Ark.) Telegraph of the 2d instant
says .•
Among the strange things that have occurred
recently in our vicinity, we notice the adventof
spiritual rapping, which for the last week or two
has been in successful operation. AU the small
pine tables about town have been made to stand
upon one leg and cut up all sorts of antics.
The Cincinnati Gazette says that emigrants
and emigrant wagons are continually passing
by the steamboats to the Great West.
The remains of James W. Bates, late mana
ger of the Louisville and St. Louis theatres, ar
rived at Cincinnati on the Ist inst.. and were
followed to their last resting place by a large
number of citizens.
The Democrats ofthe First District of Con
necticut have nominated James T. Pratt for
Congress. \
The Cincinnati Commercial says the business
of boat building promises to be better in that
city during the coming season than in any pre
vious year.
Lynch law has been-adopted in some parts of
Australia where murders and robberies abound.
A gang of thieves who were caught stealing
gold dust were tied up to trees and whipped un
til they became senseless.
Gov. Bigler, of Pa., has vetoed the bill to con
struct a railroad from Lancaster to Philadelphia,
on the ground that it would come in competition
with the Columbia road, and thus reduce the
State revenue.
An English paper thinks it is the first duty of
tee-tota!lers to get the duty off tea totally.
It is stated tliat_thgrg.areS2,QyO Cubau.youths
T/l-ftl.-’T C-.’l-l.r
The whigs of the third district, Connecticut,
have nominated Hon. Daniel P. Tyler for Con
gress.
Rowdyism appears to be in the ascendant in
Cincinnati. On the night of the 3d a serious
riot occurred in the Third Ward. Windows and
doors were broken in and much damage was
done. Three of the rioters were arrested.
The Supreme Court of Ohio has decided that
the law authorizing appeals from the Auditor of
the State to the Supreme Court is unconstitu
tional. The bank cases were therefore dismis
sed for want of jurisdiction.
The Assessors ot Lexington, Ky., have made
their annual report. The total population of
the city is 8,351, as follows:
Whites—males 2,754, females 2,755; colored
—males 1.268, females 1,574. There are 5,509
white, and 2.842 colored persons in the city.
The number of free colored persons is 531. This
I shows a small increase in population over last
1 year.
i The Louisville Democrat says that one of the
: ice merchants of that city has gone to Lake Erie
I with a large force of hands for the purpose of
' laying in a supply of ice. It will be transported
j to Louisville, via Lasalle, 111.
' Childhood.—How beautiful is this simile
| from one of Sir Walter Scott's poems :
I * The teardown childhood’s cheeks that flows,
‘ Is like the dew-drop on the rose;
| When next the summer breeze comes by,
i And waves the bush, the flower is dry."
We learn from the Wilmington Journal that
: the Wilmington boats will hereafter stop at
Smithville going and coming, upon all occasions.
In noticing the retirement of Rev. Wm. Jay,
from a Pastorate of sixty-three years in Bath,
England, the Boston Watchman mentions sev
eral English Baptist pastors who have enjoyed
remarkably tong pastoral relations. Rev. Law
rence Butterworth was just sixty-three years
pastor of the church at Eversham; the late Rev.
Dr. Rippon, editor ofthe Hymn Book which
bears his name, was sixty-five years pastor of
one church, and there is at least one Baptist pas
tor living who has occupied the same pulpit for
sixty years. Dr. Collyer has been a devoted
pastor at Peckham for more than half a century.
An exchange has the following:—Thirty va
rieties of cotton have been found growing spon
taneously in Africa. A missionary says he has
stood erect under the branches of a cotton tree
in a Goulah village, so heavily laden with bolls
that it was propped up with forked sticks to
prevent it from breaking down under its own
weight. The cotton was equal to that of any
country. The natives manufacture cotton goods
extensively. The whole land also, is covered
with coffee. In Erravla and Kaffa,2oo lbs. can
be purchased for about a dollar. A single tree
in Monrovia yielded four and a half bushels in
hull at one time, which made 31 lbs. when
shelled and dried. The celebrated Mocha coffee
comes from the southern part of Africa.
Clark Mills, the artist, has now in hand from
Congress $70,000—20,000 for the Jackson sta
tue, and 50,000 for the Equestrian statue of
Washington. How much of this will be clear
profit to him is not stated—probably very little.
Shot from the Temperance Camp.—“ If Sa
tan should loose his tail, by whom could he be
supplied with a new one?” Answer- “He
could be fitted by “ a re-tailer’’—o( spirits, of
course.
Mitchell the Irish Patriot, is said to be engaged
on a History of Ireland to embrace the year,,
1843-48 inclusive—a letter from him in the Irish
papers, substantially saysthat he does riot feel
obliged to his friends who have petitioned to the
Queen for his pardon.
The Lynchburgh (Va.) Express, tells an amu
sing story ol a gentleman who got into a Mason
ic Lodge in that place, mistaking the gathering
for a temperance meeting ; he was soon so ter
rified at the proceedings, that he made precipi
tate retreat. The Lodge must have had a ver
dant “ Tyler f to allow the entrance of a stranger
without the pass-word. Isn’t this rather a
tough story ? It concludes with the stereotyped
exaggeration, that when last hemd from, the
man was “ running for hit life.”
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY MORMN(;, MARCH 23, 1853.
| From t/if Al’io Orleans Piiai/unr.]
FIFTEEN DAYS LATER FROM CALIFORNIA.
AKRIVM. Ol* THE HANIEG XVEUSTI-R
The IT. S. mail steamship Daniel Webster,
Grail.mi master, arrived yesterday n /J' <,r ’ l ,°'?. n
with a number of passengers, and the ai
tomia mails, ineluffing San Francisco dates ot
the 15th ult. , . .
The Webster left San Juan on the 6th inst,
ami the Prometheus left; the same <lay lot New
York with 350 passengers.
California.
Wt» ropy from the San Krancisci Herald of
the 15th ult. the following resume of the news
of the pre\ ions fortnight :
The news limn the interior lias been of unu
sual interest. The Indians on Dry Creek have
kept the neighboiliood in a high state ot excite
ment ami alarm on account ot their bold robber
ies ami evident hostility. Some brisk tightmg
has occurred between them a.ml patties ot the
whites sent out !■> chastise them. In those en
counters the Indians behaved w ith great COW*
age ; several of the whites were killed,
one occasion were compelled to retreat, leaving
the enemy masters ofthe field. Re]>wta
the San Joaquin Valley are to the effect tha
Fort Miller has been attacked, and "’at several
persons are missing in that vicinity. he Indi
ans think that the government of the United
States has not acted in good taith XVlth
tailing to carry <uit .stipulations ot tlw .
and they complain that the Arnericaiis have cwt _
od’ their supplies aud reduced them to a sta.C o*.
starvation. Many murders have been com
mitted throughout the mining regions, and daily
actouts an* received ot outrage ano
There lias been great excitement In Calaveras
emmly. and a general expulsion of the Mexi
cans. A baud <:l’Mexican marailderj tavern-.
te.,te i the neighborhood, committing all manber J
I ot enormities. The robber Joaquin
1 thuso deso-redm-. »n*4!W
6 ieiiJ; <> . m.i.i. iirririwwr'-*i er. fnaiets
have assembled in force and commenced a sys
tematic search. Joaquin has eluded all attempts
to capture him ; several of his gang have been
taken ami hung. The entire Mexican popula
tion has been driven from San Andreas and the
forks of the Calaveras. Mass meetings have
been held and resolutions passed approving of
the work of extermination. The utmost con
sternation prevails amongst all foreigners.
The weather throughout the mines has been
generally delightful, and the miners are mostly
doing well. The small pox has been prevalent
in some parts ofthe State.
Very extensive canalling operation are going
on for the purpose of supplying the gold regions
with water. There is every reason to suppose
that the approaching season will enable the mi
ners to make amends for their late inactivity.
Measures are being taken to construct a plank
road from Marysville to Nevada, and improve
ments ot every description are being effected.
Some beautiful specimens of rubies and emer- |
aids have been found in the interior, and also a |
magnificent diamond ot the first water.
The murderers of the lamented Lieut. Col.
Craig were executed at San Diego on the 31st
of January. The celebrated Yuba warrior Pas
qual was present. , ,
Benicia has been finally fixed upon as the cap
ital of the State.
Francisco with unequivocal success.
Phillip's fire annihilator has been tested in San i '■
The Governor’s recommendation ot an exten
sion of the city front, has met wiih the entire !
condemnation of the municipal government and I
of the citizens at large. A committee has been j 1
appointed by the Legislature to investigate the j I
matter, and evidence is now being gathered up- [ ■
on the subject. I !
The Common Council of San Francisco adop- | '
ted a resolution enjoining the Commissioners of I I
the Funded Debt from disposing of city proper- j
ty. The Mayor withheld his approval. I 1
The weather in San Francisco during the last j
two weeks has been delightful in the extreme. , 1
Miss Catherine Hayes is absent for the pres- ' f
ent on atourtnrough the interior, The prize 1
ticket for her first concert at Sacramento sold for ; I
SI2OO.
Miska Hauser, the celebrated violinist, is giv- j
ing concerts at San Francisco Hall. I
Theatricals promise to be well patronized du- !
ring the ensuing season.
The talented American tragedian, Mr. Jas.
Stark, is about to undertake a journey to Austra
lia, together with his lady. '
The California Methodist Conference closed
its session on Tuesday last.
A Frenchman named Lemantour has applied
to the Land Commissioners to be confirmed in '
his claim of an immense tract of land, comprising
within- its limits a goodly portion ot the city ot '
San Francisco. i j
On the 21st of November there occurred a ;
riot at Amoy, in China; an attack was made j
upon certain Europeans, and the British ma- j ■
rines were obliged to lire upon the natives.— |
The King of Siam acknowledges himself a tri- ‘
butary to China. The rebellion in. China is , '
more threatening than ever. The insurgents
gathering forre.
been invested with ample powers lor conduc- .
ting operations against, the rebel bands. | '
A Portuguese fleet of Jorchas had a fight of '
two hours with the pirates of Ningpo, ofi the ; ;
Fohkien coast.
The steamship Great Britain, or one much I
like her, was seen entering Hobson’s Bay, Aus- |
tralia.
No movement of importance has been made |
by the British troops in Burmah. The death of ;
Admiral Austin renders Commodore Lambert
the senior office in the Indian seas.
A superior quality of sugar is being manufac- ;
tured in the Sandwich Islands. A joint stock ;
company to carry on a sugar plantation in the I
islands, is about to be organized. The proclama- i
tion of the new Constitution of the islands took ;
place with many formalities on the 6th Decern- i
ber. The intention of transferring the sover
eignty ot the islands to the United States lias
been officially repudiated by the organ ol the
government.
We find the following in the Herald relative
to the diamond mentioned above :
“ We have received a communication descrip
tive of this remarkable stone, which was found
within two miles ol Columbia, in Tuolumne
county. It is to be exhibited in Stockton and
this city for a short time, prior to the departure
ofthe owner for New-York. Our correspon
pent informs us that it has been carefully and
scientifically tested by Dr. F. Banks, a graduate
of the Medical University of Louisiana, who
pronounced it beyond all doubt, to be a diamond
of very rare purity. . It is said to be larger than
the Crown Diamond of England, which is val
ued at ten million of dollars. We are informed
by a gentleman who has seen it, that it is about
the size of a pigeon’s egg, but is of course still in
the rough. Should this turn out to be true, its
value will be enormous, aud a new source of
boundless wealth open to our miners ; for this of
course cannot be the only stone ofthe kindin
the country. Diamond mines are just as well
defined as gold mines.”
The steamer New Orleans. Capt. Wakeman,
was to leave San Francisco, in the latter part of
February for Australia. She would be the se
cond steamer from San Francisco for Australia.
Many of the California miners, induced by the
flattering accounts from that Continent, were
preparing to journey thither. It is said that the
excitement produced in many parts of California,
by the letters received from Australia, was equal
to that which existed in the Atlantic States, on
the first accounts being received ofthe wonder
ful discoveries in the“ Eureka State.”
The Herald says that a petition was in circu
lation requesting General Pierce to appoint
Governor Bigler Charge to the Republic of
Chili.
The Tennessee, the steamer which left San
Francisco, on the 15th ult., for Panama, took
$2,430,035 worth of gold dust.
The Mayor of San Francisco, and the officers
ofthe Federal Government gave a dinner, on
the 28th January, to M. Dillon, “ upon,” as it is
announced “ the accession of Louis Napoleon to
the imperial throne,” the occasion being seized
to pay a compliment to M. Dillon, personally.
Nearly al! the other fareign Consuls at the port
were invited and partook of the banquet.
Capture and Plunder of the American schooner
Susan Sturges at Queen Charlotte's Island.
We (San Francisco Herald) have been furnish
ed by our marine reporters with the following
narrative respecting the capture and plunder of
the schr. Susan Sturges by the tribe of Indians
called the Massetts, residing on the northward
of Queen Charlotte’s Island :
On Thursday, September 23, 1852, sailed from
Skidegate’s Harbor, east side of Queen Char
lotte’s Island, bound to Edensaw’s Harbor, at
North Island. We had on board the chief, Eden
saw, and his wife and child, with two of the
Skidegate Indians, one of which had been to
California in the above named vessel. His name
is Winett. Nothing extraordinary happened
until we rounded Point Rose, on Saturday, 25th
September, when a canoe came alongside the
vessel. They told Edensaw they were from
Fort Simpson, and were bound to Masset Har
bor. lie asked me to allow some of them to
come on board ; but as that was quite against
iny rules, I refused. They then traded some
fish for tobacco, and went away. On the fol
lowing morning (Sunda,y) at about half-past
nine o’clock, some canoes came off from Mas
sett Harbor, we being about four miles off’to the
northwest. I commenced trading with them
for fish, believing that to be their object, as near
ly all of the canoes had more or less iish in them.
I now counted twenty-live canoes around the
ship, but never suspected an attack, having had
a similar number around her before; I therefore
continued trading on the starboard side of the
quarter-deck. The chief, Edensaw, was passing
the tobacco into the canoes, one of the seamen
lowering the fish into the hold, and another on
the main deck, at the port gangway. While in
this scattered position a largo canoe came along
on the port side, and one of the Indians jumped
over the nettings on to the deck—l ran from the
quarter-deck to stop him anil make him leave
the ship, but al: this signal the vessel was board
ed simultaneously on all sides, by at least one
hundred and fifty men. I was in a moment
completely surrounded and overpowered ; Rob
ert Ford, the man in the gangway, was knocked
down nnd Stripped of his Clothes'; Janies Corn
den wr- served in the same manner; John Caul
field ran ®lolt, Robert Lang (the mate) made
for t ’ c?.bin to arm himself; the cook was
raughUn l ie trnhey, and Henry Smith at the
• *• °l these were unarmed. 1 rushed
at the £ s<- Ir ’iari who boarded, and was about
to fire a‘him. but Was seize, I by two ot hers from
behinu. thrown on my bad;, and dragged to
wards the stern of the vessel. Here I managed
to break away from them, but was immediately
covered byfiveorsjx muskets pointed a: my
bressL and was only saved by the duel 's wile
forcing herself between the | n dia i s and myscll.
Thechiel then came up to me, and by dint ol
iorec dfi’.'ised me away horn them towards the
cabin.
T .thiF he had been defending the
cabin'*?, *-^*b O ut ‘waive Indians, all armed
with kniy«« :nd moH with muskets. Here I
fonttd Hout. Lan#, with a musket about to lire,
but f I* s •'Vested him from so doing by telling
himjhat Were ovorpowert.l, and by killing
ortewf tb?m would cause the I<hs of all our lives.
As it vvcs,one man was standing over me with
bis sn’it • close to my neck for the purpose of
grasping his wrist I pievent
, ed,Wd'• ai-complisbing his design. Klien-
up to this man anti from some
Wiveen them the intentions ofthe
’ Ui ’wdy changed, and from being an
I?” 1 my friend. Notwithstanding
rcement (our number being only
t£n)iwpc’ hl not prevent a sudden rush that
V, which the cabin was immediately
broklfi ope , atul a light ensued between the
cbi«»h'i ne of the other men. in which the
fornmr bi»'l is Bose nearly cut off. During this
nn •' fed to make my escape to the after
cabin, Y'h- T I bund four < f my men secreted,
all beinr ...sped naJr -jl ami one slightly wound
iritt:. ww*)»y aJMket ball.
Ho*'!’ '•*’ ' I rious the chief, Edensaw, ami liis
w ’(te' to preserve our lives, they
tlu?Y • 11 t° ransack the whole oi
the w <d, ci/L down all the sails and let go the
anchors. They removed all the spare sails
from the hold, as well as the fish and stores.—
The) also took the out of the Lazarette,
which was placed there for safety, containing
31500—51000 in gold, SSOO in silver, besides
several small amounts of private cash, amounting
to about S2OO. During the whole of this time
they were shouting most vigorously for my life.
I was therefore obliged to keep myself secreted,
as it was their intention to shoot both me and
ray men if we made our appearance. In the
meantime Edensaw made a treaty with them
to spare our lives for a quantity ol cotton and
tobacco, whereupon they began cutting the up
per deck of the after-cabin and the bulkhead at
the same time. By this manceuvre, and their
numbers ftey overpowered Edensaw and his
men, and forced us to quit the alter-cabin.- —
Whilst I was making a rush lor the outer-cabin,
one ofthe follows made a thrust at me with his
knife, which I avoided by falling down amongst
their feet, and thus scrambled out on deck. Here
I was taken prisoner by a chief named Scowell,
who toltljiie in pretty *gQod English that his
wife’s a Boston man, and he would
protect me. It being impossible for rne to re
turn to Ki ensaiv. I went with him in his ca
noe, where ’ was covered with a blanket for
protection, when we immediately made for the
shore. After many privations and difficulties
encountered on the land, both by the mate and
myself, we at length reached Fort Simpson,
where we weie received by Mr. John Work,
Chief Fa tor of the Hudson Bay Company,
from whom we received every attention aud
kindness that it was in the power of man to be
stow. Having stated our case to him, he imme
diately despatched a canoe far the remainder of
the men, three of whom he was fortunate enough
to recover, anti one Edensaw brought himself to
the Fort.
In concluding this narrative I have to return
my thanks to Mr. John Work, Chief Factor,
and Capt. W. McNeil, of the Hudson Bay Com
pany’s establishment at Fort Simpson, for their
kind attentions to myself and crew.
Matthew Rooney.
Indian Difficulties.
The Stockton Journal has trie following let
ter :
Mariposa, Jan. 31, IS-53.
We are. as you have no doubt been advised,
in a high state of excitement and alarm, on ac
count of the recent Indian depredations in this
vicinity.
It appears that parties living on the lower
Maiipv, 4 aw 4 ' j the Chowchilla, have lost du
ring the a inter a considerable number of horses
and mules, without being able to discover the
marauders. At last a large line horse was stolen,
and being weli shod, his large deep footprints in
the soft earth led the party in search of him to
the lancherias of about one hundred Indians,
men, women and children, situated near the
Chowchilla. The Americans,five or six in num
ber, before approaching the village, dismounted
and bitched tbeig horses, and advanced on foot.
The Indians > ’nr ed indispose'’ to parley—no
*ue o<aie i , p . ..i. . • ...
movements n < fle part of the savages, fired his
ml ’, killing t . r leader, and fell himself almost
at the same instant, pieiced with several arrows.
The fight then became general. Dr. Westfall
was severely wounded in his pistol hand, and
discovering that the Indians were about to cut
them off'from their horses, they retreated, leav
ing Starkie on the ground. A day or two after
this event another party returned to the village
and found the mutilliated body of Starkie, partly
consumed by ore ; the Indians, who had taken
alarm at their approach, had lied from their vil
lage and taken a position on a high rocky point
of the mountain, from whence they hurled defi
ance at their enemies.
The party burned the village, with all their
provisions, t.aps, etc., and retired. The party,
increased to twenty-five men, a day or two
thereafter,started again in pursuit ofthe enemy,
and discotere.i the enemy about five miles dis
tant irom tl 5 . r former village, building new ran
cherais.
The party approached the camp about day
break, undiscovered, and commenced the attack.
The Indians immediately fled in great disoider,
leaving some ten or twelve dead on the' ground.
The American party met with no injury except
a flesh wound received by Mr. Roane, ol this
place from an arrow.
Why is it that our government does not do
something to prevent the recurrence of these
things? These Indians think the government
of the United States has not acted in good faith
with them, in not carrying out the stipulations
ofthe treaty and they complain that the Amer
canshave cutoff their supply of fish, destroyed
their acorn trees, and have killed or driven away
the deer from their hunting grounds, and that
they are in ■< state bordering on actual starva
tion.
Formerly, when other resources failed them,
they helped themselves to a few cattle or horses
! their Mexican neighbors, and the
! very trifoig value of such property to the
j owners seldom induced them to pursue them
i They cannot conceive any more appropriate use
for a fat nude than to appease their hunger.—
■ Surely something should be done speedily for
their relief and protection, There are a few
unfeeling men in the community, who, accus
tomed to frontier lile, seem to take a savage joy
in events which afford them an opportunity of
showing upon their “natural” enemies the skill
with which they handle (ire arms.
I’. S.—lt is rumored here that, the San Joaquin
Indiansfaave been doing mischief. The report
needs confirmation.
Indian Robberies on Dry Creek—Arming of the
Pecyrle.—Fight with the Indians.— The Sacramen
to Union gives an account of a protracted fight
between a party of whites and a band of Indians
on Dry Creek, near its junction with the Mo
quelumne The Indians, it appears, had stolen
a large quantity of goods from the bouse of an
Amerifan, and when ordered to restore them,
refused. Some sixteen persons assembled, armed,
and prow led a second time to the Indian vil
lage. jyb. n the Indians saw them coming,
cover of a thick brush, where
they have been concealed or occu
pied, aud k'oic refuge in their houses. They
were about twenty in all. The party of whites
informed them that they did not come to fight,
but to reclaim the goods. The Indians drew out
of their houses, and one of them advanced
among the whites. Another of their number
was seen to raise a rifle, which he fired on the
instant, at one of the party, fifteen or twenty
paces off, but did not hit him. The whites re
turned the lire unanimously, killing two or three
of the Indians. They then seized upon an In
dian amongst them, who proved to be the same
that had drawn the pistol over the head of Mr.
Drew. Having tied him to a tree, while the
Indians kept up a lire upon them from their
houses, into which they had again retreated,
the whites killed him and withdrew, but not
until they haff exhausted all their ammunition.
A force of thirty or forty whites v,’;*,a again
coHected and started on Saturday tor the Ranch-
*“6 Indians had betaken themselves to
an island in D r y Creek, surrounded on all sides
by a broad sheet of water. They had seized all
the boats an the river and the whites were t(ng
ble to got at them. Their position was found
to be regularly fortified by the cutting down ol
brushwood, and piling it up as a breastwork of
defence. In reply to inquiries addressed to them
from the shore, they said it was their chief who
had committed the robbery, and that it was also
in accordance with his commands that they hud
fired upon the whites. They refused to give
lnm up, and said, with true Spartan heroism, that
il the whites desired to secure him they “ must
come and take him.” hi reply to this; insolence
the whites again fired upon them. The lire was
promptly returned, the hidians showing great
biuveiy, and venturing to the very water's edge
to discharge their pieces. Their bullets rattled
about the heads of the whiles in every direction,
and to protect themselves they were compelled
to shelter of trees, logs, Kc.
Night cloning in, the parly retreated, leaving
the Indians masters ofthe field.
When Mr. Benson left, the whites were col
lecting in still greater force to make a third at
tael, in Ihe meantiiiie men were stationed
alung the creek, nt propei iiileivals, to keep
watch upon the movements of tba enemy
From the San Joaquin Valley.
Rumored Attack on Fort Milbek. — In ad
dition to the account ol the Indian disturbances
in the Chowchilla, published by us yesterday,
the Storkton Journal publishes a report that the
Indians have attacked Fort Miller, and also kill
ed Mr.Conver.se at Converse's Ferry, on the
San Joaquin, and carried off his wile into cap
tivity. Four hunters, who formerly made regu
lar visits into Mariposa from the Chowchilla,
are al.*o ropoited as missing. These are only
straggling minors, more likely to be false than
correct, and we get them in a questionable shape.
We hardly consider them worthy ofthe sligh
test credit.
From th»» Sanwlch Islands.
W<‘ glean the following items from our Sand
which Island exchanges:
Reception oe Tin-: News or Mr. Webster’s
Death at Honolulu.—The news of the death
ofDaniel Webster was received in Honolulu on
Ilth ot December. It filled his many friends
and admirers there with profound regret, and
immediately called forth a notice from E. H.
Allen, the American shipmasters in port ot the
melancholy fact, and requesting them to set
their flags at half-mast as an expression of re
spect to bis memory. In compliance with this
request, the ships in the harbor, of which there
were sixty or seventy, wore their ensigns at
half-mast on the 12th, thus exhibiting a regret
as deep as that felt by any other class of Ameri
can citizens, either at home or abroad.
Destroying Seized Liquors.—The Collec
or of Commons at Honolula has a large quanti
ty of seized liquors in his hands, wnich the law
requires him to sell for the benefit of the Royal
Exchequer. A petition, signed by 103 foreign
ers and 182 natives, resident in Honolula, was
presented to the Privy Council, praying that
this liquor might be destroyed instead of sold.
The Privy Council refer the petitioners to the
Legislature, which has the sole jurisdiction over
tne subject.
nullities, on the 6th of December. The election
of the first Parliament miller it was to take
place December 3d. By its provisions, every
male subject of his Majesty, whether native or
adopted, and every denizen of the kingdom,
who have attained the full age of twenty years ;
or who shall have resided on the islands lor one
year immediately preceding the election, shall be
entitled to one ifote for a representative of the
district in which he may reside.
Coolies.—A Chineese correspondent of the
Polynesian complains that those employing Chi
namen take them to the Fort and have them
whipped, and kept upon bread and water for
two, three or four weeks.
French Commissioner.—On the 25th Decem
ber, says the Polynesian, a communication was
received from Mon. Perrin, at Panama, Commis
sioner of France to this court. He was about
to start for Callao to join a ship of war, ordered
to convey him and his chancellor and domestics
to Honolulu
Annexation or the Island.—The Polyne
sian denies that any treaty was ever negotiated
by which the Sandwich Islands were to be ceded
to the United States. It says: Itis hardly ne
cessary for us again to assert, so far as our island
readers are concerned, that neither his Majesty
nor the people of these islands, have the least
desire to yield their rights in the islands to any
power on earth, so long as their rights and their
acknowledged independence are respected. And
why should they ? 7%e islands are theirs. They
have a government that suits them, and in which
thej* participate. They have the most perfect
acknowledgment of their rights guarantied by
a most liberal constitution. They are at peace
within their borders and with all the world.—
They cherish their own little ewe lamb as the apple
of their eye, and where is the David that would
wrest it from them ?
From Oregon.
Our dates from Portland are to the 6th ult.
A democratic territorial Convention was to
be held at Salem on the 2d of April.
Capt. O. S. Hall was killed near Portland on
the 25th ult., by the falling of a tree.
Captain James Loring, formerly of Cincin
nati, Ohio, died near Portland on the 27th ult.,
of an apoplectic fit.
On the Bth December, at the Dallas, it com
menced snowing, says the Times, and continued
for twenty-two days and nights. Winds from
the northeast generally. Snow attained a depth
of some 18 inches—was quite cold, thermometer
on the south side of houses, stood three degrees
below zero.
As far back as the De Shutee river, snow had
disappeared. The death among the horses, mules
and cattle has been great—it would be about a
fair calculation to say that 19-20ths of the cattle
had died, and about two out of three of the horses
and mules. Some of those engaged in the busi
ness of ranching stock have lost all—some have
not lost more than four-fifths, while one or two
individuals have not lost more than one-hall of
their stock.
On John Day’s river, our informant learn
ed that not more than half the cattle had
,r ’ ’-'I,? :n the Valley of the Walla Walla
"" s,,nw there
on tne Utilla river, snow fell several inches
deep, but disappeared in a few days.
The Indians lost a great many of their horses
on the Columbia river, from the Cascades up to
the Dalles. Government lost some of their fat
mules and cattle, as also Mr. Olney and Messrs.
Smiths. Mr. Olney lost a great many of his hor
ses. Messrs Huntingdoris have lost all their
American cows, some two hundred in number.
Provisions are scarce at the Dalles, except
flour, sugar, coffee, and tea, which is plenty and
cheap enough.
The Murderers of Col. Craig.
The California papers publish the following
official report from Col. J. B Magruder, U. S. A.
of the execution of the soldiers who murdered
Col. Craig.
Mission or San Dieso,(Cai..) Feb. I, 1853.
Sir—The prisoners. Acting Corporal Hayes
and private Condon, 2d Infantry, were executed
on the parade ground of this post, at 12 o’clock,
M., yesterday—the last day of the period allow
ed me to carry the sentence into effect. I had
personally communicated to them, four days be
fore, the result of the trial, and the day and hour
when the execution would take place, and, at
their request, had notified the Roman Catholic
priest, whose services they desired. The Indians
of the surrounding country having been ordered,
in June last, to apprehend these men, which
was accomplished by one ol their Chiefs, 1
thought proper to summon the Alcaldes and i
Captains to be present at their execution, as an
example to themselves of the efficacy ot our
laws, and an inducement to the prompt obe
dience, on their part, of any orders they might
receive in future from the properly authorized
officers of the Government.
Almost every tribe was represented, there be
ing present nearly one hundred Chiefs. Cap
tains, and principal men. This involved the ne
cessity of supplying them with beef and brea<|,
which I ordered the A. C. S. of this Post to is
sue to them. T also notified the civil authori
ties of the county, and invited their attendance.
The gallows being erected on the parade ground,
the troops were formed in line, flanked on
either side by a section of Light Artillery in
battery, facing the place of execution. On the
left of this line, and perpendicular to it, were ar
ranged the Indian Chiefsand Captains. On the
right, in like manner, the civil officers and citi
zens of San Diego. The forms of dress parade
having been gone through, the proceedings of
the Court Martial and orders in these cases,
were read. After which a cart, in which were
the prisoners, seated on their coffins and clad in
white shrouds, approached, with the priest and a
guard of twelve men in the rear, under the im
mediate command of the officer of the day.—
Having reached the place of execution with the
guard in line opposite the gallows, and faring
the batalion, they dismounted, and received, on
their knees the last exhortations ofthe priest.
The proceedings ofthe Court by which they
were tried : the order of the President ot the U.
States confirming the same; the letter of instruc
tions from the headquarters of the Pacific divi
sion, and my own order of the day were then
read to them by the Adjutant. Having ascend
ed the scaffold and been informed that the time
had arrived when they might address those
sent, if they thought proper, they made short
addresses—confessing their crimes with peni
tence-—warning all against their example, and
taking a touching farewell of their comrades.-
The ropes were then adjusted and the caps placed
over their eyes by the corporal of the guard,
when, upon a signal from the officer of the day.
the rope which supported the trap was Severed
at a blow, and they were launched into eternity
without a struggle, dying with a spirit worthy of
a better cause.
Their bodies were subsequently interred in
consecrated ground by tho police—the funeral
services being performed by a Roman Catholic
clergyman,, ‘phe command exhibited on this
cue.,smn, as indeed it has done throughout the
whole of this transaction, the utmost steadiness
and a high state as discipline. I have been thus
particular in my description, as this is, I believe,
the first case of a military execution, by hanging,
in time cu peace, which has occurred in the ar
my, and 1 desired to fulfill to the letter my in
structions—that the sentences should be carried
into effect “ with all due solemnity.” Later in
the afternoon I caused some shot and shell to be
thrown at a target prepared for the purpose, in
order to show the Indians the effect of artillery.
The shelling was very accurate, and they seemed
much surprised and impressed with the result*.
To-day the remains of the late Bvt. Lt. Col.
Craig, arrived from the Desert, and will be bu
ried to-morrow, with the honors of war, by the
side ofthe gallant officers who fell at San Fas
qual.
I am,sir, very respectfully, your obd’t serv’t.,
[Signed. | .1. B. Magrudkh,
Bvt. Lt. Col. U. S. A. Coindg. Post.
To Maj. K. D. Townsend, Asst. Adjt. Gen. IT.
S. A., San Fran.
M. 11. Medary, the clerk of the Ohio House
of Delegates who knocked down one of the
members on the floor, a tew days ago, Ins been
dismissed from office.
Col. Benton has in press a pamphlet on the
subject of the Pacific railroad—it will be out
very stuoii, and is looked lor with great interest.
VOL. 32 -NEW SERIES -VOL- 8. NO 7.
/Uififrlliiin’oiis.
[From the Jllhany Journal.\
State Asylum for Idiots.
About half way between here and Troy
stands a house that used to be a famous rendez
vous for races, fairs, sleighing parties, drinking,
and all manner ol merry-making—the old
“Bull’s Head” Tavern. Two years ago the sign
of the Bull’s Head was taken down, and the
place sold to the State of New York.
If you go there now, you will find a plain,
unpretending, dark-colored edifice, everything
about which is kept with the most scrupulous
neatness. You enter, and you find black-boards,
pictures, books, dumb-bells, ladders, and other
apparatus', indicating that it is either a school,
oi a gymnasium, or both. Anil so it is. But
there is a strange set ot scholars. Boys with
the vacant,lackluster stare of confirmed luna
tics. Girls with a look of senseless animal im
becility. Children on whose faces there has
been a ray of intelligence ; and nearly grown
tip young men and women engaged in the occu
pations and plays of children live or six years
old. The instructors have watchful, care-worn
look, as if they knew their charges could not he
trusted to perform even the simplest avocations
without constant help and guardianship. It is
the State Asylum for Idiots.
From the Annual Report of the Institution
just issued, we learn that there are now for
ty-two pupils under treatment. Applications
have been made for the admission of nearly as
many more, byt were refused because there was
no room for them.
During the time this experiment has been in
operation its results have been of the most grat
ifying character. Three years ago it was a rnat
terofserious doubt, whether it was possible ever
educate this unfortunate class of beings, so as to
be of any use to themselves or others. Now, it
may be considered demonstrated beyond a
.L,..’14 He a gvateyx. .f jrenqnd tiaioine, lirat in .
physical exercises, then By siow steps to simple ,
mental exertion, they are led finally to a know!- ■
edge of duties, responsibilities, and the truths of
religion.
To use the words of the Superintendent, “we ,
have taught a child to walk when we had first
to awaken or cultivate a fear of falling as an in
centive to any efforts on her part. We have
awakened perceptions of sounds in ears where
the sense of hearing resided without the use ol
it. We have developed perceptions of sight
through eyes that had never performed their ap
propriate office. We have been teaching children
to speak in every stage of articulation.” Cases
that three years since only promised to be hope
less, helpless burdens to their friends al! their
lives, have been elevated to the rank of happy,
useful members of society.
In almost all casesand with very few, if any
exceptions, these usually called idiots, under the
age of 12 or 15, may be so trained and instruct
ed as to render them useful to themselves, and
fitted to learn some of the ordinary trades, or to
engage in agriculture. Their minds and souls
can be developed so that they become responsi
ble beings, acquainted with their relations to
their Creator and a future state, and their obli
gations to obey the laws and respect the rights
of their fellow citizens. In all cases, we believe,
for we have seen what has been accomplished in
apparently desperate cases, they can be made
cleanly and neat in their personal habits, and
enabled to enjoy the bounties of Providence and
the comforts of life, and to cease being incum
brances and annoyances to the families in which
they reside.—2nd .Annual Report.
It remains now for the State to do her share
in carrying on the work so successfully com
menced. It is estimated that there are in the
State 2,800 idiots, of whom at least one-quar
ter or 700 are under 14 years of age, and suitable
subjects for instruction. The annual appropria
tion of SI,OOO is insufficient to meet the require
ments of a school containing more than the pre
sent number ol inmates. It is asked that ac
commodations be granted for 100 pupils, and for
such improvements in the building, increase the
number of instructors, &c., as may become nec
essary, from, time to time. The appropriation
under which the building was purchased, and the
Asylum put in operation, expires on the 10th of
J ul'y. It will be a question for the present Leg
islature whether so benilicent a public charity is
not worthy of being placed upon a permanent
basis.
[From the Home Journal]
Interesting to Ladies.
Two Looks at the Same Thing.—Thackeray
compliments our country by saying, 1 “here
where your men of letters take their manly
share of public life.” Horace Mann, in a lec
ture delivered a few days after, thus pictures
this same “ public life,” apropos of women’s ta
king a part in it:—“But politics! How is it
possible that any mortal who has lived within
the horrid stench of that black lake, can desire
to see women embarked on its turbid waters!
It presents one of the x ilest phases of our civili
zation. God save our wives and daughters from
the fickleness, the raucorousness, and the savage-
Women Fascinating; When Old.— [We re
member being impressed by nothing more viv
idly, when first mingling in society in Europe,
than with the new class of charming women— the
old who still preserved their powers of fascina
tion. We fell in love with them, right and
left, and were perpetually recurring to our mem
ories of American society, thinking oves the old
women we had known, who Might lave been
just as delightful. We have often thought of
writing on this subject, but we find it now, ad
mirably treated in an article in Harper’s Maga
zine , from which v>*e make the following ex
tract : I —“ Women, then, possessing' education
beauty, and wit. maintain an empire in Paris,
unequalled elsewhere in extent and influence.
But it is not a power which abides because once
possessed. To maintain its conquests, unremit
ting care is required. Woman reigns supreme,
but her supremacy depends upon her legitimate
attractions.
The beauty of a Frenchwoman is not sp. strong
ly characteristic as that of an EnglUhmau, Ger
man, Italian, or Spanish. (t may, but rarely
doos, possess the delicacy of the American, al
though it often combines the clear complexion,
dark hail*, aud piercing or soft blue eyes ol the
others. It is more of a mosaic than that of other
countries. But its strength lies rather in her
esprit. This is never extinguished. Some wo
men drop their beauty as they do a garment, all
!at once. From being superb they become hide
ous. Others lose it by degrees, and gracefully
fall back from emZ>o»yx»HZ to their hair, and oom
their hair to teeth; these gone, thq brilliant
speaking eyes remain, conversing still all their
triumphs. As they lose thvil lustre, and the fig
ure its elasticity, most women withdraw from
society, as being too. dilapidated to add to its at
tractions or receive from it enjoyment. Not so
with French ladies. They skilfully conceal the
assaults of time by the arts ofthe toilet, and retain
the power, and if possible become more attractive,
by their inexhaustible esprit, into the spiritui 'l
depths of which they plunge as into a fountain of
youth. The respect and attention paid to age is de.
lightful to witness. Society is not made up
merely of thoughtless youth, whose highest aim
is amusement, but parents take the lead, and
children are content to follow their guidance.
The art of conversation, as well as that of danc
ing, is cultivated, and soirees and receptions give
scope to more elevating exchange of thoughts,
than mere gossip or chit-chat. It requires intel
lectual effort to maintain a good footing in Pa
risian society. One must know something, or
be a lion, however small. Grace of figure, and
skill of legs are not the only needful accomplish
ments. Society, j;; which the souvenirs of M'fla
de la Fayetto, Madames Sevigne and Rocamier
are cherished, and a long list of nsqpe* as either
sex, illustrious in all that a drawing-room
brilliant and attractive, is w.t content with the
trite and commonplace.
1 he past must be ransacked to*; its stores of wit,
and the future anticipated in its progress. Who,
then, is so well-fitted to shine in Parisian soci
ety as an experienced, intelligent women ? So
long as she can enter a drawing-room she nev
er grows old. Her memory becomes a treasury
of anecdotes for the young, ol wisdom for th®
adults. Like Madame de la Crequy, at ninety
six years of age she can at onee retain the res
pectful admiration and gallantry of the Emper
or Napoleon, and the affection and respect of
youth. It has been truly said that every states
man, artist, poet In short, every mar, who has not
passed som* years in the intimacy ot old Parisian
w '”Len, has failed in his education of the world.
Sooner or later his lite will resent this wrong.
The secret of their great superiority, so says
Leon Gozlan, andl believe him, is easily ex
plained. As they grow old they preserve tne
delicacy of the woman, and acquire the good
sense of a man. As the wine of which Homer
speaks, they become honey by the virtue of their
years. Living by reason alone, they are dead
to the passions. No one deceives them. Why
should they .< There is no longer call for coquet
ry, or anything to gain by flattery. The solid
charms of reason and wisdom gather about
them a continual harvest of re-peet and atten
tion. But this could not bo, had she not pre
pared herself to bo the guide, campanion, and
counsellor of the young—a preparation not to
be made by the weak instincts of American mo
thers, which banish them from society to the
kitchen or nursery, leaving their sons and daugh
ters, in all their inexperience and youthful ar
dour, to the unrestrained indulgence ot their
vanities and unfledged emotions, in the pernici
ous atmosphere of our juvenile ball-rooms. Let
us have inuodbnee and beauty at our social gath
erings, but let them be chaperoned by parental
care and experience. So sh ill society in America
be redeemed from its frivolity, to the higher
purposes of intellectual entertainment; and pa
rents and children have less reason te complain
of mutual neglect.”
Jackson Railroad.—We have before ns the
act incorporating the New Orleans, Jackson and
Great Northern Railroad Company. Itsgeneral
provisions an' the same as those of the OpeluUsaX
toad of which we have already given digest.
It fixes the capital stock ol tbvA company at
$,8000,00H, to be divided foto . 20,000. shares ot
$25, instead of $3,000,000, as in the original
chattel —TV. tj F's. 1116 ins(.
Another Visit from Jenny Lind.
The following letter is taken from the New
Orleans Picayune:
New York, Feb. 18, 1853.
The successor of Madame Sontag in concert
and opera has induced Jenny Lind to determine
upon again visiting the United States. Ihe un
happiness of her domestic relations may have
had some influence upon her in coining to this
decision ; but that she will again visit our shores,
should her life be spared, is a fact beyond dispute.
She has already made arrangements to perform
in opera in several of the principal portions of
Germany during the present year, and has also
campletcd arrangements to give one season of
operatic performances in London during the year
1854. Upon the conclusion of these, She will
depart for this country, and will probably reach
herein May ofthe ensuing year.
In support of what I Lave written, I will
state that Mr. Ulman, the present able manager
of Madame Sontag, Las received formal proposi
tions from Jenny Lind, to act as her agent in this
country, and I understand that that gentleman
lias accepted them. It is hi.; intention, after
finishing his engagement with Madame Sontag,
to visit Europe, to select a troupe to support
Jenny during her stay in this country. The
programme of her arrangements in the United
States, will be to visit New York first, and after
giving a number offavorite operas here, she will
then make a tour of all the principal cities and
towns ofthe Union.
I alluded above to the domestic difficulties of
Jenny Lind. These, I am informed upon the
most reliable authority, exist, and are still be
coming of the most serious and unpleasant na
ture. Shortly after the honeymoon, some tri
fling misunderstanding occurred between her and
Mr. Goldschmidt, (her husband.) which has
been daily increasing until hersutterings are now
too intolerable to be endured. His petty acts of
selfishness, and his determination to rule Lei as
with a rod of iron, have caused her the greatest
unhappiness, and a separation br.s 1 a.W •efirtiilrt- -
inlormwl, liwn ihui—4 li,iou—..XluLfel t.ilotvl■
generosity of Jenny is one ofthe malnTaiffles i»»* • _ ■
the difficulty, her husband being opposed to the
giving away of anything. But then, it may be v
that the high temper which Jenny displays at
times, has also its effect in rendering her home
unhappy. Certain it is, such a state of things,
exist, and what 1 have written above you wilt
find corroborated to t he very letter.
Who is the Duchess of Sutherland ’
A letter to the New York Tribune answers
this important inquiry. After describing the
effects of the tyranny and harshness of the ari- •
toeracy of Scotland, the writer proceeds :
It was only after 1811 that the ultimate and
real usurpation was enacted, the forcible trans
formation of clan property into the private piop
erty, in the modern sense, of the Chief. The
person who stood at the head of this economical
revolution was a female Mehemet Ali, who had
well digested her Malthus—the Countess of Suth
erland, alias Marchioness of Stafford.
Let us first state that the ancestors of the Mar
chioness of Stafford were the “ great men,” ofthe
most northern part cf Scotland, of very near
three-quarters of Sutherlandshire. The country
is more extensive than many French depart
ments or small German Principalities. When
the Countess of Sutherland inherited these es
tates, which she afterwards brought to her hus
band, the Marquis of Stafford, afterwards Di ke
of Sutherland, the population of them was alrea
dy reduced to 15,000.
My lady countess resolved upon a radical econ •
omical reform, and determined upon transform
ing the whole tract of country into sheep-walks.
From 1814 to 1820, these 15,000 inhabitants,
about 3000 families, were systematically ex
pelled and exterminated. All their villages
were demolished and burned down, and all their
fields converted into pasturage. British soldiers
were commanded for this execution, and camo
to blows with the natives. An old woman,*r e
fusing to quit her hut, was burned in the flames
of it. Thus my lady countess appropriated to
heiself seven hundred and ninety four thousand
acres of land, which from time immemorial hail
belonged to the clan.
In the exuberance ofher generosity, sheallot
ted to the expelled natives about 0000 acres—
two acres per family. These COOO acres had
been laying waste until then, and brought no
revenue to the proprieture. The countess was
generous to sell the acres at 2s. 6d. on an aver
age, to the clannren, who for centuries past had
shed their Idood tor her family. The whole of
the unrightfully appropriated clan land she divi
ded into 29 large sheep farms, each of them in
habited by one single family, mostly English
farm laborers < and in 1821 the 15.000 Gaels had
already been supeiseded by 131,000 sheep.
A portion of the aborigines had been thrown
upon the seashore, and attempted to live by fish
ing. They became amphibious, and, as an Eng
lish author says, lived half on land and half on
water, and after all did not half live upon both.
Tin; Way to Hold up a Dkess.—Our ladies
who are in the habit of sweeping Broadway
with their beautiful silk dresses, ought to take a
lesson or two in the science of heading up their
ikirts. In Paris where the streets; are almost
ri«%ccr«bJy drily u» No** I'o/k. « iaev.w.u<,, ..
Tread them for hours without coming in contact
with anything, and in the least soiling her
skirts. In London, where the streets are well
swept, and are comparatively clean, a lady
whea she walks, (which she rarely does,) dis
dains to raise her dress from the mud, and the.
consequence may be easily imagined. The la
dies of New York have a peculiar habit of catch
ing up one side of the dress by the thu'.nh and
finger, as if they were about to launch out into
the Minuit de la ccur. The consem.ience is, the
display of a pretty boot on one side, and the drag
gling of the whole of the other side of the dress
in the dirt. This is the most invariable practice
with our American ladies, who appear eithei
too indolent or too disdainful to take the trouble
properly to preswrve their skirts from soiling
When a E,uropean lady crosses the street, her
skirts a** carefully taken up as far as the boot
a!,( ine way rcund, and daintly yet firmly held
/none hand. It is a thing easily learned and:
well worth the trouble.—A’. V. Times.
Boys. —Boys, when they are boys, are. queer
enough. How many ridiculous notions they
have, and what singular desires, whi?h in after
life change and shape themselves into charac
teristics, Who remembers when he would
have changed his birth-right for a rocking-horse,
and his new suit ot clothes for a monkey 7
Who forgets the sweet faced girl, older than
himselfagainst whose golden hair he leaned and
wept liis griefs away ? Who recollects when
the thought of being a circus-rider appeared
greater than to be President; and how jealously
he watched the little fellows that wore spangled
jackets and turned somersets, and prayed to be
come like them ? I f memory preserve not these
caprices, or something similar, the boy is lost in.
the man. Happy visions, they come but once
and go quickly, leaving us ever to sigh for a re
turn of what can never be again.
Death Warrant of Jesus Christ.
Os the many interesting relics and fragments
of antiquity, which have been brought to light
by the persevering researches of modern philos
ophy, none could have been more interesting to
the philanthropist and believer, than, the one we
publish below. “Chance,” says Vhe Courier des
EtatsUnis, “has put intooim hands the most
imposing and interesting ’udicial document to
all Christians that has e.ver been recorded in hu
man annals;” that js, the identical Death Wat
rant of our Jesus Christ. The document
was faith*.,iffy transcribed by the editor, and is
hcec •; erba:
Sentence rendered by Pontius Pilate, acting Gov
ernor of Lower Galilee, stating that Jesie. of
Nazareth shall suffer death on the cross.
In the year seventeen of the emperor Tiberi
us Cresar, and the 25th day of March, the city
of the hoiy Jerusalem. Anna and Caisphiis be
ing priests, sacrifiscators ot the people of God.
Pontius Pilate, Goveror of Lower Galilee, set
ting in the Presidential Chair, ofthe Pra-tory,
condemns Jesus of Nazareth to die on the cross
between two thieves—the great and notorious
evidence of the people saying—
1. Jesus is a seducer.
2. He is seditious.
3. He is an enemy to the law.
4. He calls himself falsely the Son of God.
5. He calls himself falsely the King ol Israel.
6. He entered into the temple, followed by a
multitude bearing palm branches in their hands.
Orders the first Centurion, Quilins Cornelius,
to lead him to the place of execution.
Forbid any person, whomsoever, either poor
or rich, to oppose the death of Jesus.
The witnesses who signed the condemnation
us Jesus, are:
1. Daniel Robani, a Pharisee.
2. Joannus Rorobable.
3. Raphael Robani.
4. Capet, a citizen.
Jesus shall go out of the city of Jerusalem by
the gate of Struenus.
The above sentence, is engraved on a copper
plate; on one side aro written these words: —
“ A similar plate is sent to each tribe.” It was
found in an antique vase of white marble while
excavating in the ancient city of Aquilla, in
the kingdom of Naples, in the year ISIO, and
was discovered by the Commissioners of Arts of
the French armies. At the expedition of Na
ples, it was enclosed in a box of ebony, as the
sacristy of the Chartem. The French transla
tion was made by the commissaries ot Arts.—
The original is in the Hebrew language.— Phil
Gazette.
Coroner’s Inquest.—An inquest was held
on Monday hist, by J. P. DeVeaux, Esq.. City
Coroner, on the body of .lames Wilson, a native
of Scotland, who formerly kept a seed store in
King-street, which was found floating in the
harbor, near Union whart. The verdict of the
jury was “accidental drowning.”
Another inquest was held yesterday, by the
Coronor, upon the Laly of .1 ames Hoar, a native
of Ireland. wl«<h wax discovered yesterday
morning iu the mill pond at the West end of
Broad-.street. Verdict, “found drowned.”-Cass.
iiru.r. \<hth inst.
“ Oh, my friend,” said a doctor to an Irish
patieni.be composed—wo must all rile once.
“An it’s that what vexes me,” replied Pat; “if
I could die half a dozen times, I’d not care a ha -
;>vuv,y about this timy,”
