Newspaper Page Text
(Congressional.
Special Session of S. ®
Monday, March 21, 1853.
CENTRAL AMERICAN AFFAIRS. -
from the Secretary of State.-nd documents by
which it was accompanied; Keterred to the
Commi’tee on Foreign Relations.
The following resolution.was announced as
♦ha business before the Senate :
' R. solved. That the Secretary ol State be di
rected to communicate to the Senate such in
formation as it may be in the power ol this I e
partment to furnish, in regard to the conflicting
claims of Great Britain and the State ol Hondu
ras, and their respective titles to the Islands of
Roatan, Benoeea. Utilla, Barbarat, Helena, and
Morat. in or near the Bay ol Honduras.
Mr Everett addressed the Senate lor nearly
two hours on the subject before the body. It
the debate should now terminate, he said, it
would leave on the public mind not only an in
correct. but a somewhat painful impression as
to the real state of affairs in Central America,
and our connection with them ; and the country
would lie alarmed, and think that they are more
serious than they are in reality at this time.
Hence, having recently held an othcial position
that required him to pay some attention to the
subject, hh thought it proper that he should en
gage for a short time, the attention ot the Sen
at He thought to make an acknowledgment to
the Senator from Illinois (Mr. Douglas) for the
favorable notice that he had been pleased to take
of the letter addressed by him, as Secretary ot
State to the Ministers of France and Spain, on
the subject of the proposed tripartite convention
relative to Cuba. It he could think that the
Senator did not. in the warmth of his argument. '
overrate the merits of that letter, he should cer
tainly teel. from the favorable notice taken of it I
by so discriminating a judge, that his (Mr. E. s) ,
ambition, as a public man, ought to be satished. :
It was a subject of great difficulty and impor
tance. dividing, to some extent, the opinion ol
the country, and it was his desire, in that letter, |
to nnd out. if possible, and assert the line ot prin- |
eiple and policy which, generally, would be ap- j
proved by the country. We should, ii possible, ■
the public faith, with the sanctity of public
honor and with the dictates of a liberal conserv
atism. This was the object which he had in
view; and if in any degree he had attained it,
his utmost ambition was satisfied. But it allow
ance be made for the total dissimilarity ot the
two subjects—the proposed tripartite treaty, to
which the letter applied, and the treaty between
the United States and Great Britain, ot IS-jO— ,
he thought it would be allowed that the cons.i
tutional doubt which he expressed as applicable
to one case, could not be applied in the other.
The Cuban treaty could not have procured a sin
gle vote in the Senate, and the President was j
not ill advised enough to send it here; whereas,
the (Clayton and Bulwer) treaty was ra ified by
a majority largely exceeding that required by
the Constitution —two-thirds.
After speaking of the importance ot our rela
tions with Central America, and the condition
of the States in that quarter, he alluded to the
hostilities which now exist between Nicaragua
and Costa Rica, and said the exclusive privilege
to the United States for the interoceanic canal
could not be obtained because Nicaragua was not
in a condition to make the grant. She claimed
unbroken sovereignity over the whele route.
She is satisfied that her claim is good, and we
think that it is good. But there was a great
power that set up a rival claim, and this was to
be disposed ot; and this was. he understood, one
of the objects of the treaty of April 19, 1350.
Although Great Britain set up this claim and
although we think it unfounded, yet, in reference
to this question, she set it up only to aid the con
struction of the canal—not to obstruct its execu
tion. She said Nicaragua had no right to give
the charter, because Nicaragua did not own the
entire distance. It was the leading proposition
in the treaty to give the assent of Great Britain i
to the charter
With regard to the Mosquito kingdom, he be
lieved with his friend from Delaware, that it was
Aominis Umbra — the shadow of a name. It is
really nothing more: and it would be a waste ot
the time of the Senate to attempt to prove the
insanity of this king and this kingdom. During
two centuries Great Britain had contracted cer
tain duties and obligations towards the Mosquito
Indians, w ho are reduced to a mere handlul,and
are in a wretched state, and she does not consid
er herself in a condition wholly to disregard them.
England has no interest or motive in keeping up
the protectorate.
He repeated, there were so many conflicts in
the Central American States, that there would
have been no safety for us in undertaking the
exclusive construction of the canal, involving,
perhaps, a cost of a hundred millions of dollars,
and it was therefore proper that Great Britain
and the United States —two friendly powers—
should agree to protect the interoceanic commu
nication.
In relation to placing our diplomatic relations
with Central America on the most advantageous
footing, he said much depends on the individual
who is sent there; and that, small as the Central
American States are, it is more important who
is sent thither than to London. Paris, or St.
Pet-rsturg. He rr>l K V>t without Intending
to complimenr.'ttnrt tte ptace.l entire confidence
in the President. Out of the able and distin
guished men of his own party he will find the
right man. The only two diplomatic appoint
ments —to Switzerland and Peru—is a sufficient
pledge to his mind that the President will have
regard to merit and qualification.
He had no doubt the same good sense would
preside over the appointment lor this mission: and
if the right man can be found to take the affairs of
Centra"A nerica in hand, and bring the long
delaved controversy to a conclusion, he believed
it would cover him with honor. If we cannot
now settle and remove all the difficulties which
obstruct the execution of the contract, he could
but see that Nicaragua and Costa Rica struggle
on. in hostility, the one against the other, and
the canal through the territory would be inde
finitely postponed.
He did not think that England had violated or
intended, to violate the faith ol treaties. What
had she gained by the treaty ? She was not
obliged to make a treaty to execute faithfully
its provisions. We had no claim upon her.—
What political inducement or ambition operated
as a sole purpose for making it? There was
difficulty enough liefore. Then, as to Central
America proper, leaving out the Balize and
Honduras question, he could not but see that
England has done what she contracted to do.—
There was. however, some difference as to the
meaning of the treaty. She has given up this,
and then that, and said she will abandon the
protectorate. She has given up San Juan, and
declares herself desirous of getting out of the
whole matter as soon as possible. If there is
eause for a supposition of bad faith, a disposition
to cavil, (and there would be reasonable grounds,)
it might be said the United States, in recent
transactions at San Juan, had broken their faith.
We there see the municipal government created
into an independent corporation, under the name
of the Musquito King, it is true, but composed of
American citizens. As to the settlement at
Balize, and all she had said regarding it, he did
not think worth while to discourse on the sub
ject. He believed it is generally admitted—let
thi decision of geography be what it may, let
Balize be in Central America or in Mexico, let
its origin and settlement be what they will—
that the British settlement was not in contem
plation by the negotiators at the time the treaty
was made.
Attention was not then turned to it. and the
same remark, to some extent, is true of the Bay
of Islands. He understood the British govern
ment claimed the title to be rfe facto and de jure
in it, but’as to the validity of the claim he had
not a word to say. The people there asked for
protection, and it was afforded to them on the
payment of a certain amount of money. He,
however, candidly said that the organization of
the islands into a colony was an ill-advised step,
which he thought would Ire abandoned upon
proper representation to the foreign office in
London. He had no doubt of it.
He did not apprehend any disturbance of the
relations between this country and Great Bri
tain in consequence of the state of things in
Central America. He agreed wi'h the distin
guished Senator from Illinois, (Mr. Douglas,) that
England does not love us. There is no room for
sentimental influence in countries governed by
constitutions and parliaments. It was only un
der such monarchs as Louis the Fourteenth, who
said ’■ I a:i the State,” that there is room to say
I love oi hate. He really believed that among
all parti* s in England, mutual, beneficial, and
peaceful intercourse, is considered the cardinal
principb >1 public policy : and on our side, to
wards England and the rest of Europe, we ought
to consider mutual, beneficial, and peaceful in
tercourse, as the cardinal principle of our policy.
He cordially ayrnpatbized with the Senator
from Illinois in the view he entertains of the
future growth and glory of our country ; but
the Old World was not exclusively the place of
tornbsand monuments to departed greatness
There also, more in one than in another, but
visible in all, is progress ; and nothing will
prompt them more than a warm sympathy on
our part. There was no country in Europe he
ever visited where the name and character of
an American citizen was not a direct passport
to every good office which a stranger could de
sire, and nowhere more than in England. He
thought that, as far as geographical extension
was necessary, we shall, in the natural order of
things, have as much of it, and as rapidly, as
the best interests of the country require. Il we
wish real, solid, and substantial growth, and not
lo be brought into collision, we will have it in
twenty-five years to our heart’s content. We
will have it by the simple increase of our popu
lation. The law proclaimed on the sixth day of
creation, “Be fruitful, multiply, and replenish
the earth,” with the increase by foreign immi
gration, and twenty-five years of peace, and
wniou, (all is wrapped up in that,) will give us
another America of living men. He should not
jive to see it. but our children would. The Sena
tor from Illinois, in all human probability, will
Jive to see it, arid rio one is more likely than he
to impress his views on those growing millions,
and receive in return all that a grateful people
can bestow on those whom they respect and
love. He adjured the Senator to follow the
instincts of his nature; like a true patriot giv
jng his affections to hi« own country, and then
comprehending all others within the scope of
his generous considerations, and above all, cul
tivate the arts of peace. It was by the spirit of
conquest that chains were forged in England,
Greece was blasted, and Rome destroyed. He
counselled |uo pusillanimous doctrine of non
resistance, but would act on the maxim, in
“peace prepare for war.” Let us also remember
that the best preparation for war is peace. It
knits us together as one man. Then, if war
must come, all the nations in the world cannot
stand before us as a triumphant adversary But
give us twenty-five years of peace, and they
will be the most important in our history.
There were several other points touched upon
by the Senator in the course ot his eloquent re
marks, of which the above is but a hasty sketch.
Mr. Douglas thought it due to himself to
offer a word of comment. He understood the
Senator from Massachusetts to agree with the
Senator from Delaware that the letter ol the for
mer, (as Secretary ot State.) in which the lead
ing policy of making no pledge with regard to
our future condition was stated, does not apply
to Central America, and therefore those two
Senators have come to a common platform. He
did not w ish to be placed in the position ot
making a misapplication of that letter. I'he
point to M. Sartiges was this, it is not within
the competent authority of this Government,
under the Constituiion, to give any pledge in all
coming time that we will never annex any por
tion of foreign territory near to ns. If it is
not competent for us to give that pledge in re
lation to Cuba, where does the Senator find the
constitutional authority to give it in the f lay
ton and Bulwer treaty in relation to Central
America > If the constitutional power does not
exist in the one case it does not in the othei.
So far as the remarks of the Senator from j
Massachusetts relative to the arts of peace are I
concerned, he cordially concurred with him. 11 ,
any one line ot policy is more dear than another, ;
it is that which avoids cause ot war and pre
serves peace in all time to come. 11 there is a |
difference of opinion between him and the Sena
tor, it is as to the line ot jiolicy which will best
accomplish the object. He thought we should :
make no pledges binding those who are to come
after us. He had not intimated that he wished j
to annex any portion ot the territory ot our
neighbors, but wished to stand uncommitted. ;
Mr. Mason said that the Senate could ob
tain the information desired without caling upon
the President for it; and wishing to dispose ol
the subject, he moved that the pending reso- :
lution be laid upon the table.
This was agreed to ; and, after a short Execu
tive session,
The Senate adjourned.
Washington, March 22, 1853.
Two communications were laid before the
Senate from theJ>ep^. S2M t ß Lt.taI.UtaG»«.u«» 1 .UtaG»«.u«»
n utiTc- tn ~rrrtnTfT uisbursefnents ot money by
rGovernor Ramsey to the Sioux Indians, and the
I other containing certain papers relative to the
I Mexican boundary commission.
i On motion of Mr. Weller, the select commit
i tee on the subject of the Mexican Boundary
I Commission were allowed until the next session
! to make their report.
! After further business ot no public importance,
the Senate went into Executive session.
When the doors were opened, Mr. Borland
made a report from the select committee on tie
subject of frauds in the extension of the Capitol.
It was ordered to be printed,
And the Senate adjourned.
Washington, March 23.
The Senate resumed the consideration of the
resolution offered by Mr. Hamlin :
Resolved, That the same extra compensation
be allowed to the superintendent of printing, and
the clerks and messenger under him, as is paid
by the resolution of the Senate, to the other
clerks and messengers of a similar grade.
This, after debate, was passed with the pro
viso: that hereafter no allowance of any kind
bevond the regular compensation shall be made
to an}' officer of the Senate.
Mr. Shields called up his resolution, that the
Secretary of the Senate pay to Robert Beale,
late sergeant-at arms, the salary for the residue
of the present year.
On motion of Mr. Mason, it was laid upon
the table—ayes 17, noes 16.
The Senate went into executive session and
after some time spent therein, the doors were
opened and an adjournment succeeded.
Washington, March 24.
The Senate considered the resolution of Mr.
Walker, authorising the committee on Indian
affairs to delegate one of their number to pro
ceed. during the recess of Congress, to take testi
mony in the matter now on retere .ee to said
committee, touching certain frauds allege I to
have been committed by Alexa ider Ramsay,
and others, i-i making payment of moneys to
certain bands of the Sioux Indians.
Mr. Hunter objected to the resolution, because
he was opposed to a single member oi the com
mittee exercising such important powers. Be
side, he thought it would besetting a dangerous
precedent.
Mr. Walker said that the committee could
proceed no further in their investigation without
the testimony alluded to. and spoke of the im
portance of quieting the Indians on the frontiers.
And he stated in reply to a question by Mr.
Seward, that the charge against Gov. Ramsay is,
that, through a third person, he disbursed mon
ey in depreciated funds among the Indians, and
withheld money from certain half-breeds.
Messrs. Broadhead and Seward said they were
intimately acquainted with Governor Ramsay,
who bore a good character for integrity, and
they and others pressed the importance ol
promptly examining into the charges.
Pending the consideration of the subject, the
Senate went into an executive session and ad
journed till to-morrow.
Extra Session yf tlm StaljUL
Washington, March 25, 1553.
Mr. Adams offered the following resolution,
which lies over:
Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be,
and he is hereby authorised and directed to ap
point a reading Secretary, whose duty it shall be
to attend in the Senate and assist the Secretary,
and to do such duties, when the Senate is not in
session, as the Secretary may require. And he
shall receive, per annum, out of the contingent
fund of the Senate, the same salary as the Chief
Clerk of the Senate.
There being no quorum, 27 members only be
ing present, the Senate adjourned.
Washington, March 25th.
Washington Matters.— The Assistant Secreta
ry of the Senate contemplated bv Mr. Adams’
resolution to-day, is designed for B. B. French,
Esq.
The clerks in the Census Office have been
increased to thirty-six. principally by reinstate
ments.
Mr. Rufus Porter made a successful experi
ment by propelling a small aerofont around the
inside of Carusi’s Saloon this evening by steam
power.
Appointments by the President, by and with the
consent of the Senate.
Consuls.— William Henry Vesey, of Pennsyl
vania, to be consul of the United States at Hav
re, in France,in place of Lorenzo Draper, recall
ed. John F. Bacon, of New York, to be consul
of the United States at Nassau, in the island of
New Providence, in place of Timothy Darling,
resigned. Henry B. Dewey, of Pennsylvania,
to be consul of the United States at Para, in Bra
zil. Amos S. York, to be consul of the United
States for the island of Zante.
Judges.— John A Campbell, of Alabama, to be
an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the
United States, in place of John McKinely, de
ceased. Edward lander, of Indiana, to be Chief
Justice for the Territory of Washington. John
K. Miller, ofOhio. to be an Associate Justice for
the Territory of Washington. Victor Monroe,
of Kentucky, to be an Associate Justice for the
Territory of Washington.
Collectors of Customs. — Paul A mau. district of
St. Augustine, Fla., vice John M. Hanson, re
moved. Hamilton Stuart, district of Texas,
vice William R. Smith, lemoved. Richard P.
i Hammond, district of San Francisco, Calfornia,
vice Beverly C. Sanders, removed
Marshalls and .Attorneys.— William M. Low: y
to be marshal of the United States for the east
ern district of Tennessee, in place of J. Parsons,
resigned. Watson Freeman, to be marshall for
the district of Massachusetts, in place of Charles
Devens, Jr., resigned. Westley Frost, to be
marshal for the western district of Pennsylvania,
in place of John Dickey, deceased. J. Patton
Anderson, ol Mississippi, to be marshal for the
Territory ol Washington. Fleming B. Miller,
to be attorney of the United States for the west
ern district of Virginia, in place of B. H. Smith,
removed. J. C. Ramsey, to be attorney of the
United States for the eastern district of Tennes
see, in place of Samuel K. Rogers, removed.
Postmasters. — Selah R. Hobbie, to be first assis
tant Postmaster General, in place of S. D. Jacobs,
removed. Henry Sanderson, to be deputy post
master at New Brunswick, N. J., in place of
Samuel C. Cook, whose commission has expired.
Benjamin Johnson, to be deputy postmaster at
Austin, in the county of Travis, State of Texas.
John G. Maier, to be deputy postmaster at Fort
Wayne, Alien co., la , in place of Samuel Stoph
let. Isaac Cook, to be deputy postmaster at
Chicago, Cook county, 111., in place of George
W. Dole.
Land Offices — Alexander F. Bell, to be regis
ter of the land office at lonia, Michigan, vice
Louis S. Lovell, removed. Frederick A. Hall,
to be receiver of public moneys at lonia, Michi
gan, vice Stephen F. Page, removed. Ebenezer
Warner, to be register of the land office atSault
Ste. Marie, Michigan, vice Rich Butler, remov
ed. William A. Pratt, to be receiver of public
moneys at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., vice Jos.
V. Brown, removed. Wm. M. Fenton, to be re
gister of the land office at Genesee, Michigan,
vice Cornelius Roosevelt, removed. Thomas S.
Atlee, to be register of the land office at Kalam
azoo, Michigan, vice David P. Webster, remov
ed. Lawrence Van De Walker, to be receiver
of public moneys at Kalamazoo, Michigan, vice
John M. Edwards, removed. James Long, to be
register ol the land office at Chicago, Illinois,
vice Alfred Cowles, whose term of office ex
pired on the 13th inst. Michael G. Dale, to be
register of the land office at Edwardsville, Illi
nois, vice Mathew Gillespie, whose term of of
fice expired on the 16th instant. Robert C.
Wilson, to be receiver ot public moneys at Pales
tine, Illinois, vice Jesse K. Dubois, whose term
of office expired on the 13th instant.
Miscellaneous. — Green W. Caldwell, to be su
perintendent of the branch mint at Charlotte, in
the State of North Carolina, in place of James
W. Osborne, removed. Christopher Carsori, of
New Mexico, to be Indian agent in New Mexi
co. Joseph M. Garrison, ol Oregon, to be Indian
agent in Oregon.
Portland, March 29th.
A locomotive on the Kennebec Railroad ex
ploded yesterday, throwing the fireman, con
ductor and engineer many feet in the air, nei
ther of whom were fatally injured.
Portland, Maine, March 25th.
The new liquor bill, more stringent than the old
law, passed the House ol Representatives by a |
vote of 94 to 43,
The First Congressional District.
Noone who knows the extreme reluctance
with which Col. Jackson consented to accept a
nomination for Congress, in 1851, will be sur
prised to learn his fixed determination not again
to be a candidate forthat post. Such is the de
termination which be authorizes us to announce.
We make the announcement with the deepest
regret—-regret which will be shared by nearly
every Democrat in the district. Col. Jackson
has served us most faithfully. A thorough
States Rights man. and strict constructionist, he
is such a representative as will be greatly need
ed in the next Congress, to sustain a State Rights
and strict construction President. For no one
who is acquainted with the feeling now run
ning rampant and nearly resistless throughout
the North and West, in favor of Internal Im
provements by the general government, can
doubt that if Fierce is (as who doubts it I) true
to the principles of his life, he will be compelled
to cheek the action of the next Congress on
these questions bv an executive vote. But,
Col. Jackson positively declining to go back to
the scene ol his late labors, it becomes necessary
for the Democracy of the District to select a
candidate as his successor. How shall this se
lection be made ? All, we believe, will answer,
by a Convention. If so, has not the time come
when some movement should be made for call
ing and assembling it? This District is a large
one, embracing nineteen counties. We are now
approaching the end ot March—the Convention
should he held, we think, in May. It is ex
ceedingly important that no county should be
without its representative. To bring about,
then, a full representation from so many coun
ties, in a Convention which, however central
the place of assemblage, must meet at a point
remote from some of them, will require consid
erable tin.<>. Should not, then, some early ac
tion to be taken, in some quarter, designating
the time and place for the meeting of the Con
vention '
The Whigs will, doubtless, have a candidate
in the field, but whether they will run him as a
Whig or as a Union man, we knew not. Their
Convention has been called as a Union Conven
, tioii, and is to meet, if we recollect rightly, in
May. . ,
Various gentlemen have been mentioned, on
j both sides, in connection with the office. On
the side of the Union men, or Whigs, Mersrs.
Hopkins, Barton, Long, and, perha)fc. Dilworth;
! on the side of the Democrats—Messrs. Reynolds
I and Seward, of Thomas- Col. Gauldni, ol Übatxs.
j Messrs. Ward. H.TI. Jackson, and 1' ore-
’ man, of this city. Some of these, we have rea
‘ son to believe, would not accept a nomination.
For ourselves, we only desire the nomination
> of a ffz man : we care not who he is, nor from
j what portion of the District he comes. Ihe best
! man who will accept it should receive the no
j mination, and all good party men should join
j heartily in an effort to secure his election. — Sav.
Georgian, 'Hid inst.
[From the Neuman Banner.]
Democratic Meeting.
Newnan, (Ga.,) March 15, 1553.
A portion of the Democratic party of Coweta
■ convened and organized, by calling Anthony
North to the chair, and appointed T. B. Wilkin
son, Secretary.
Maj. Wm. U. Anderson, offered the following
resolutions, which were unanimously adopted:
Rcsoliud. That a Convention of the Democra
: tic party of the county of Coweta, ( o be com
posed often delegates from each Militia Dis
trict.) be held in the town of Newnan, on the
first Tuesday in May next, for the following
purposes, viz :
Ist To appoint Delegates to meet in Conven
tion at Milledgeville, at such time as maybe
agreed on by the Democracy, to nominate a can
j didate for Governor, to be run by the Democra
i tic party of Georgia in October next.
I 2d. To appoint Delegates to nominate a De-
I mocratic candidate to represent the fourth Con
gressional district in the next Congress of the
: United States.
I 3d. To nominate candidates to represent Cow
eta county in the Senate and House of Repre
: sentatives, in the General Assembly of the State
of Georgia.
4th. To nominate candidates to be voted for
by the Democratic party, on the first Monday
in January next, for the offices of Clerks of the
Superior and Inferior Courts, Sheriff, Tax Re
ceiver and Collector for the county of Coweta.
Resolved, That the Democratic party of the
several counties composing the Fourth Con
gressional district, be requested to meet in New
| nan. (represented by at least three delegates
from each Militia district in their respective
counties)-on the first Tuesday in June next, to
nominate a candidate to represent said district
in the next Congress of the United States.
On motion of Col. J. T. Brown, agreed to
. furnish the editor of the Banner with a copy of
these proceedings for publication, and to request
all the presses in the State favorable to our
cause, to copy.
Voted thanks to the officers of the meeting
and adjourned sine die.
Anthony North, Ch'n.
U. B. Wii.ktnson, Sec’y.
iHiscrUanfons.
[ Correspondenee of the Savannah Cowner.)
Letters from Abroad.
Revolt in Italy—Jiff airs al Milan —Rebellion
ynelled—Executions —Confiscations— Fugitives- -
Austrian power in Lombardy—Affairs at Rome
—Neir Cardinals—Pope goes to France.
Home, Feb. It), 1853.
■ My Dear Friend:— You will doubtless have
beard of the attempted revolution in Italy.—
■ Such news penetrates outwards, to foreign coun
[ tries, more easily than within. All journals
are subjected to rigid censorship ; mail-bags are
j closely scrutinized; everything quickly sup
l pressed that is calculated to excite the people,
ior give confidence to them in revolt. There is,
| however, a sympathetic chord in this land ol
beauty and genius, which, touched, vibrates
quickly to every heart. It is like the fire-sig
i nals which in heroic times conveyed to My
| cense, the doomed destruction of Troy. An at-
I tempted revolution in Milan finds sympathisers
! in Rome, at Naples, at Palermo. The watch
' word passes from mouth to mouth , it cheers
every heart. No one knows or enquires how
I the glorious news may have come ; it is enough
that some have still the spirit to will and to dare.
No people in the world deserve more sympa
‘ thy than the Italians. Noble, brave, generous,
they are crushed to earth in unworthy slavery
I by superior numbers. The serried phalanxes ot
Austria, Fiance and Spain, are ever ready to
extinguish the first spark of liberty. Thus they
groan in bondage, without hopes tor the future,
taxed even to support their oppressors. The
i time may soon come when it shall no longer be
so : all are, indeed, looking forward with anx
; ious hopes. The prospect, however, at present,
■ is anything but promising. A sweeping fire
; that shall overrun all Europe in a blaze, is Italy's
only hope.
I The late revolt in Milan proved an imprudent
| and unfortunate move. Its signal failure has
| fallen heavily upon those who sigh for liberty in
Italy: it has for the time bound their chains
; firmer and faster. A successful blow struck in
| Lombardy might have changed the face of the
worl I. Sardinia, the strong hold of constitution
al liberty in Italy was near to lend a heiping
hand : a slight jarring too might have disturbed
the delicately poised equilibriu n of the Austrian
I Empire. Hungary and the Eastern Provinces
i are ready to revolt. A simultaneous ■ ove in
j Italy and Hungary must have resulted in throw
j ing off an unjust yoke. But a fanatic outbreak
I in the Italian provinces has for the present blast
ed all hopes of immediate emancipation.
It is now near a hundred and fifty years that
the House of Austria has been pushing its for
tunes in the South. It has met with but con
stant opposition, in race, language, and national
prejudice; but its movements has ever been
steadily onward. The first conquest was the
little duchy of Mantua; soon followed the annex
ation of Lombardy, then known as the duchy of
Milan. It was originally inhabited by a brave,
though rude people called the Longobardi. The
Great Frederick of Barbarosa razed the imperial
city of Milan to the ground.
Since 1714, the time this favored country fell
into the possession ol the Empire it has seen
varied fortune. It long fought courageously
against its oppressors; fortune however, was
against it. It fell enslaved before superior num
be s. But when Napoleon swept like a rapid
torrent over Europe, Lombardy was again free.
The great Republican Emperor put on the iron
crown in the cathedral of Milan, amid the ac
clamations of the people. In 1815 however, af
ter Napoleon’s reverses, the valley of the Po fell
again by the treaty of Vienna into the possession
of Austria. A vice regal government was es
tablished, always distinguished for tyranny and
oppression ; under the rule of Radetzky lor cruel
ty. Impracticable attempts have even been
made to extinguish the last spark of national ex
istence in a proud and noble people by merging
them in a consolidated Empire.
The recent crueltfes of the vice-regal or mili
tary Government, hastened the revolt at Milan.
It seems to have been lost to all sense of right
and justice. Quiet and inoffensive persons were
apprehened upon mere suspicion, and, without
scarcely the form of trial,condemned to death.
The conspiracy does not appear to have been
as extensive as at first supposed. Italy is al
ways a volcano which may burst forth any
where at any moment. Despotism here treads
on live coals, scarce concealed by imposed ashes.
A sudden movement in any part of the country
finds reaily sympathizers elsewhere, which
would present the appearance of extensive and
well-concerted movement.
Greatcrnelty was practiced in suppressing the
revolt. Martiai law was the order of the day ;
all civil rights suspended. Innocent amusements
even were prohibited ; with closed gates the re
volters were shot down without form of trial.
It fell most surely upon Hungarian fugitives in
the city. Their liberal sympatheis caused them
to be suspected. They were murdered without
mercy.
The property of all who showed sympathy
with the movement has been confiscated. This
is a sore misfortune ; it has been the curse of
Lombardy. Continued attempts at liberty only
throw power more into the hands of the oppres
sor. There are few large estates now held by
Italians ; even their little is to be wrested from
the poor, because they had the courage to de
clare lor liberty.
Much honor is due to the English and Ameri
cans in this matter. Fugitives from cruelty
were freely taken on board the neighboring coas
ters. American frigates cruising in the adja
cent waters of the Mediterranean are said to
have received many. Mazzini, the instigator to
revolt, is still at liberty, though every effort has
been made to seize his person. He is supposed
to have escaped on board an English man-of-war.
It is understood that the Sardinian Government
has interfered in behalf of many of the unfortu
nate. Nothing however will stay the hand of
Radetzky. He is a stern tyrant and knows not 1
what mercy is. Executions are still going on
at Milan, Mantua and Verona. Confiscations
are made on an extensive scale.
In the mean time affairs at Rome are worse.
An unsuccessful attempt elsewhere always for
ges chains tighter here. Government is more
watchful, garrisons more on the alert. Police
more active. Despotism has never laid a heavi
er hand upon Rome than the present year. Do
miciliary visits have been more frequent, taxes
heavier, confiscations more numerous than ever
before. This has been caused, |>artly by the un
settled state of Europe ; the Government here
fears and dreads a revolt; partly to carry out an
extensive plan for the extinction of all republi
canism in the Papal States. It has been sup
posed that a movement was on foot having for
its object a permanent scheme to protect the
Chinch in absolute authority over its temporal
dominion. France, bpain, Australia and Naples
are siqqrosed to be parties to it. Should these
powers combine in a Rome-protecting league,
adieu to all hopes of liberty here.
The Papal Government is. as ever, wisely dis
tributing its patronage and power. Os the new
Cardinals ap|>ointed, most are from the adjacent
Italian States. Each brings a new legion of de
fenders to the Church. France and Austria, at
the same time, are satiatislied at the recognition
of their power. The Archbishop of Tours and
Primate of Hungary, are among thnumber. —
The latter has distinguished himself tor strict
subserviency to the Court of Vienna. Within
two years France has given two Cardinals to
Rome.
It is positivaly determined that the Pope will
go to Paris to crown the Emperor. This will
take place some time in the month of May. It
is curious that the fates ol Pins Seventh and Pius
Ninth are so similar under the two Empires.
Napoleon the Great conquered the former, led
him in triumph to his coronation, and kept him
long in imprisonment. The Imperial Nephew
has the latter in his power, will drag him to No
tre Dame, and it may be will not soon let him
go. There are many fortresses in France where
Pius Ninth might find an honorable retirement.
Though all try to put a cheerful face on a
stern necessity, it is said, the Papal court is quite
dispirited. To be led a bound prisoner to France
is humiliating indeed. There is, however, no
escape. There are twenty thousand French
troops at Rome ; they hold all the strong castles
and the gates ol the city.
Central America.
The recent accounts by the "»> Or-
leans, of a piece of violent intervention by the
Captain of a British ship of war, in assertion of
the ri»hts of that mysterious personage, the
King of the Mosquitoes, seems to be confirmed
by an arrival at Boston. Os course we can only
as yet conjecture the rights of the case. The
statement is to the effect that certain British
subjects and their assignees have for a long time
cut mahogany in a district near Truxillo, under
a grant from the Government ol Honduras, they
paying a specified duty on the timber; that
these parties finding they could make a better
bargain with the King of the Mosquitoes, ran
ged themselves on his side and refused to pay
the accustomed tax to Honduras, and that there
upon the latter sent an armed force to take pos
session of the place arid stop their operations.
This brought about the armed interlerence of
the British officer, and under a threat of bom
bardment, or something of the sort, the Govern
or of Truxillo was compelled to withdraw his
troops, and give up the disputed district to the
woodcutters and the protection of the Mosquito
Majesty.
On the side of Honduras it is claimed that the
said district is indisputably patt of her territory.
On the other side, it is of course maintained that
they have no right to it. Ail the parties, the
Honduras State, the Mosquitoes, woodcutters
and the British officers, are accustomed to use
few civilized ceremonies towards each other.—
Force, fraud, bluster, lying and vituperation.—
these are their weapons. It is an everlasting
State of war, either declared or concealed. In
such a wretched jumble ot half savage affairs, Jt
was hardly to be expected that one of the great
est nations of Europe would be found a conspi
cuous party, but so it is, and it were very much
to be wished that some inteligible account could
be given of the motives that prompt the British
Government to spend any portion of itsprecious
time in keeping up this pother.
There may have been at times some vague
dea of colonizing the country of the Mosquitoes.
But apparently all such projects have been fully
abandon'd. Ii deed the utter impossibility of
supplying effective labor in the British West
I tidies, has sufficiently proved that further colo
nization in that climate is an absurdity. It is
not probable that, allowing all po'itfoal obstacles
being set aside, any attempt to make a regular
colony would be dreamed of.
Nor is there an amount of trade sufficient for
any serious interest on the part ol the British
Government, in this forbidding, jiestilential and
nearly savage portion of tropical America. The
produce < ftbe forests constitutes nearly the whole
value of this trade, and it is. we presume, for the
sake of this that the British connexion is kept
up. What its value is we have no reliable ac
count. Mahogany of an inferior quality and
certain dye woods constitute nearly the whole.
In the original scene of these squatter settle
ments, between the Rivers Hondo and Belize in
Yucatan, the forests have been pretty thorough
ly plundered, and so, on the “ manifest destiny
principle, the wood cutters have followed their
vocation over the border. They have annexed,
not the lands, but the woods of their neighbors.
It is for the sake of this trade that Great Bri
tain bolds on to the Belize; it is for the same ob
ject that she adhere* to her
Mosquitoes. At least weTtffi MMi>
Spanish American States are poor and experf ive;
they make deplorable hard bargains with the
woodcutters. The King of the Mosquitoes is also
poor enough, but as he wears little or no clothes,
he lives cheap and can afford to be generous.—
He rents his forests for a trifle and receives his
pay in glass beads. Ot course the larger his ter
ritories, the greater the gains of the dealers in
mahogany and logwood. Here is the true secret
of the aggressive character of Great Britain in
Central America. At least this statement is as
reliable as any that has been put forth. It is all
about the price of wood.— Ch. Mercury.
A day or two since we rambled throsgh the
new Medical College, now in process of erection
and were surprised to find it so far advanced.
The rapidity with which buildings go up in this
city, is truly astonishing—Aladdin’s famous ar
chitects could not build much faster than our
Savannah contractors. Il by any chance one does
not visit the commons oftener than twice a
month, one is apt to lose his locality, amid the
new improvements that are going up in that
quarter of the city. The new college will soon
be ready for professors and students, and we
hope the ample allowances made for the latter,
in point of room, will be as rapidly filled up, as
they have been provided.— Savannah Journal.
Mr. J. H. Lang, the foreman of the New Y'ork
Novelty Works, who left the city yesterday for
Florida, has furnished us with some particulars
in relation to the machinery of the new' steamer
Augusta, which was constructed under his im
mediate supervision. The Engine is an oscilla
tor, 85 inch clylinder, and 10 feet stroke. It
has a balance valve, which is considered a deci
ded improvement upon the old English Engine,
requiring as it does, less power to work it. This,
we are informed, is the third vessel, on which the
improvement has been introduced. Connected
with it. is Allen’s Patent Air-Pump, which is
woiked directly from the crank-pin ; being more
convenient and worked at considerable less ex
pense. An oscillating Engine, we are told, has
a direct action, the piston-rod taking immediate
hold of the crank-pin, thus economizing a large
space usually given to machinery. The cylinder
weighs 22 tons, and the piston 3 tons. The
cranks, shafts, and frame woik ol the Engine,
are made of the best malleable, or wrought iron,
and the whole finished in Messrs. Stillman &
Allen’s best style of workmanship, which is a
sure guarantee of its excellence. The frame
work is so arranged that the strain or stress oi
the Engine will be entirely within itself. The
boilers are of the usual drop-flue description and
are made in the most thorough manner. Os the
Ship itself we have already given some descrip
tion. She is furnished with all the modern im
provements, including Pirsson’s Patent Surface
Condenser, for making fresh water from salt
This water is used over and over again, thus
saving one-third in fuel. This Condenser we
consider one ol the most important inventions
of the age. We have drank water thus con
densed, from the muddiest in the New York
docks, and could not discover any difference be
tween it mid the best filtered croton.—Sqti-jfU
publican, 23if inst.
DisrßKssiNo Casualties.—Miss Holloman,
a young lady about eighteen years of age, daugh
ter of Thomas Holloman, Esq., of Wilkinson
county, while attending school near home, last
week, caught her clothes on lire anil there be
ing no ready means at hand to extinguish the
flames she ran out doors and her entire clothing
was burnt oil while she was running. Her
wounds were so severe that she died the same
night. Miss H. had been away from home se
veral years and was an accomplished scholar and
much esteemed by all who knew her. On the
next day, 17th inst., an negro girl seven years
of age, belonging to Mr. Peyton Clay, of the
same county, lost her life in a similar man
ner.—//;.
Heavy Rains and Damage to the Bridges
on the Montgomery and West Point Rail
road.—On the night of the 17th inst., a rain
occurred on the line of the Railroad, (and so far
as we are able to learn, it was general,) in which
a vast body of water fell in a few hours. So
sudden was the rise in the small streams,
that three bridges were swept away before
morning. The brdges were unimportant, and
will probably be repaired to-day, 24th inst. Up
to this time, baggage and passengers have been
changed at Red Creek, (one mile above Cho
haw,) from one train to another.
P S. Since writing the above, we have been
visited by another rain. Last night (the 21st
inst..) it rained all night, and although, not so
violently as the previous one, a great quantity
of waler must have fallen. We have not heard,
up to this time, of any damage to the Railroad
from this storm—but, the addition of this body
of water just as the large streams were begin
ning to feel the effects of the other, gives* us
reason to apprehend the most serious consequen
ces.— West Point Jlslvmale, Uth.
It is is said that there is a lady at Frostville,
France, 101 years of age, who has not been out
of mourning once during th« last 70 years. She
has successively lost her father, mother, two
husbands, seven uncles, eight aunts, four broth
ers, five sisters, six brothers-in-law, three sisters
in-law, three sons, four daughters and thirty
two grand-children. Spite of these continued
afflictions she is in full enjoyment of nil her fac
ulties. She has but one relation left—a grand
daughter aged 72. The old lady lives witli jreat
economy; giving ns a reason that she muri" lay
something by for a rainy day; she may gej, ohl.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 30.
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Postmasters are requested to notify us
promptly in all cases when our papers are not
taken from the office.
Mr. Hull’s Letter—Gov. Cobb’s Position.
On the 20th instant, we published an editorial
in reference to the nomination of a candidate for
Governor by the Democratic party which con
cluded with the following paragraphs :
“ Wo would bo unfeigncdly gratified to add to
this list the name of his Excellency Governor Cobb:
but we regret to say wo have not evidence that ho
gave his influence and good wishes to the Democra
tic ticket which cast the vote of Georgia for Gon.
Pierce. His sympathies, if not his secret exertions,
were strongly suspected to be in favor of the Tuga
lo ticket. The efforts and tbo votes of uioat of his
personal and political friends whom it was general
ly presumed ho could influence, wore openly given
to that ticket.
“ Wo should bo very happy to be mistaken in
these impressions, as to the course of Gov. Cobb in
this matter. If we have judged him wrongly, or
misconstrued bis course and his motives, we shall
bo most happy to make the amende, for we utterly
disclaim personal hostility or unkind feeling to
wtrds that gentleman. It gave us no pleasure to
sue him in past days pursue a course by which ho
jeoparded tho influence and popularity that his ta
lents legitimately entitled him to, and which ho
j once unquestionably ami deservedly possessed in
i tae Democratic party of Georgia.”
These paragraphs we hoped,would lead to a dis
i closure from some authentic quaiter of the posi
tion really occupied last fall by Gov. Cobb, about
; which circumstances had thrown some mystery,
iWe candidly state that they were penned
: for this very purpose. It was important to a
: right understanding among Democrats, with a
j view to the future, and but just to Gov. Cobb
I that all mystery and doubt on this point should
be removed. We felicitate ourself on the suc
cess of our movement, and on being through this
means, instrumental in placing Gov. Cobb rectus
in Curia, as the lawyers would say. We have
the pleasure to-day, of presenting to our readers
a letter from W. Hoi-e Hull, Esq., the warm
personal and confidential friend of Gov. Cobb
which shows that the suspicions of the latter
having secretly favored “The Tugalo Move
ment’were unfounded, but that on the con
trary, that ticket was brought out “ against his
wishes anil advice, and against his earnest efforts
to prevent it.” It was, we think, unfortunate for
Gov. Cobb and for those who persisted in sus
taining that movement, that he had so little in
fluence with those of them who were known to
be his best and nearest friends. But, be this as
it may, we think it was a romantic stretch of
friendship to them on bis part to hazard the de
feat of the Democratic Electoral Ti< ket so far as
his influence might affect it, by declining to
make known his disapprobation of the move
ment. His silence gave to the Tugalo ticket the
full benefit of the presumption that he favored
it, and must have gained votes for it.
We feel under obligations to say a few simple
words in reply to Mr. Hull’s objection to the
manner in which the “so called” Democratic
ticket was nominated.
That nomination was not made irregularly, for
it was made by a Convention of the Democra
tic party of the State, called as such, and ratified
by every man in the State who recognized him
self as being a member of the Demociatic party.
The Democrats, “so called” who refused to parti
cipate in, or afterwards ratify that proceeding
were those who at the time belonged to a differen t
I FT ' l, ~ i'"—Union party, and pre-
ferred to remain in that party. The nomina
tion was not made for the express purpose of of
fending the Union Democrats. On the contrary,
it was the anxious desire of those Democrats
who made it, to have the co-operation of all
Union Democrats, and to commend the nomi
nation when made, to their support. It is matter
of history, that such language of conciliation and
of fraternal appeal was used to obtain that co
operation, as approached almost the bounds of
humiliation. Those who felt most keenly the
insulting rebuffs that language received, thought
that it even leached those bounds. It was those
rebuffs, and the manner of them, that caused
“ certain of our Southern Rights brethren” after
wards to insist on keeping up intact, the Demo-
I cratic ticket as first nominated. It was the de
fensive spirit of a sensitive pride that had been
wounded—not a desire to fasten insult and de
gradation upon others. It was to protect those
on that ticket from what they considered would
be under the circumstances, an insult and degra
dation to them, that they objected to its be
ing changed. We differed somewhat from those
who so viewed the suggested alteration of the
ticket. But we feel it at all times our duty to
defend their motives, as well as the motives
which prompted its nomination in the first in
stance.
It this spirit of proscription and persecution
did prevail among a portion of the Southern
Rights Democrats, it was the legitimate fruits of
that spirit which inspired the Union Democrats
and the Whigs to avow one object of their party
organization, to be, to keep down the fire-eaters. —
This spirit has not yet disappeared from among
those calling themselves Union Democrats, and
recently associated with Mr. Hull in the Tu
galo movement, as is evinced by the following
editorial sentiments of the Southern Banna,
whose editor was on the Tugalo electoral ticket
The memories of tho past, and tho forebodings
of the future, warn all Union mon in Georgia, to
cling to tho Union party, and not to become iden
tified with tho Secessionists, who have tho unques
tionable control of tho miscalled Democratic or
ganization. There is nothing now or impraotioa
blointho idea of two distinct domestic parties sup
porting the same administration of tho jronoral
government.
“ It would bo suicidal in tho Union men of Geor
gia to oppose tho administration of Gen. Pierco|baro
ly because it may bo sustained by tho Secessionists.
Our policy is to cling to it in dospito of their efforts
to drive us from it, but in a distinct organisation of
our own. If we cannot agree in sustainting tho
administration of Gen. Pierce, wo may at least
agree to keep down tho Secessionists in tho State
government, and in tho Congressional representa
tions. Opposition to them will then bo tho bond of
union between us.”— Southern Banner, 16r7r inst.
But the remnant still cherishing these bitter
feelings is now a small one, and their rage as im
potent as that of the scorpion girt with fire.
For the rest of the Democratic party, such as
it existed in old times, if they have had their
bitternesses, they have also had their revenges,
ami like brothers who have long been bellige
rents to the great disturbance of the comfort of
the common household, they are, we trust,
now prepared to come together in peace and
sincere friendship.
Let us come together in the spirit of a cor
dial and patriotic support of “ the truly demo
cratic national and union-loving administration
of President Pierce.”
Arrival of Bisnor Scott in Liberia.—Let
ters have been received from the Rev. Bishop
Scott who left Baltimore on the 24th ofNovem
ber last, in the bark Shirly, to visit the Metho
dist Missions in Liberia. The Bishop arrived
at Monrovia on the 6th of January in good
health, which continued upto the 12th of that
month, when the Bishop was about to leave
Monrovia for Cape Palmas. He would proba
bly be absent one month on that tour. The
Bishop says—“ lam much pleased with Monro
via. The people have done wonders, all things
considered.”
The passengers, numbering twenty-four, and
including Mrs. Scott, Miss Freeman, and two
native African youths, who went, out in compa
ny with the Bishop, enjoyed excellent health
nnd continued so when the advices left.
The Rev. Pluto Hutt had died in Liberia since
the last advices.
Jenny Lind.—The New York Courier learns
from the best authority that the family difficul
ties which were recently said to have deter
mined Mad. Goldschmidt to return to this coun
try, do not exist in the least degree; and that
there is no present prospect ol our hearing her
again from any uausa whatever.
Swearing in of the Vice President.
'1 he New Orleans Picayune says: “We
have been favored with the following extract
from a private letter from Matanzas, received
in this city by the Crescent City:
“ For the first time in the history of the Re
public has the man chosen by the people for t he
second post of honor, taken the oath of office in
a foreign land William Rufus King was, on the
4th inst., sworn in as Vice President of the Uni
ted States, at the Cumbre, near Matanzas.
“ The day was a most beantiful one ; the clear
blue skv of the tropics over our heads, the eme
rald carpet of Cuba beneath our feet, and the
delicious sea breeze of these latitudes sprinkling
its coolness over all of us. Early in the morn
ing Consul Rodney, deputed by Judge Sharkey
to administer the oath, left town on horseback
for the Cumbre, accompanied by several Ameri
can gentlemen. A pleasant ride of three miles
brought us to the estate where Mr. King was
residing, called La Cumbre, (the peak) from its
situation on the culminating point of the hills
that immediately surround Matanzas. The view
from here is one of the most beautiful the eye
ever looked upon. Far as the vision could reach
in this clear blue expanse, the beautiful valley of
the Yumuri extended with its winding river, its
varying fields of green and gold, dotted here and
there with white sparkling buildings that look
ed like pearls set upon emerald, and the brown
hills stretched far, far away in the distance. No
more lovely or more impressive spot could have
been fonnd in the whole world for the ceremony,
and the solemn grandeur of the act and the scene
shed its spirit over us.
“The oath was administered by Consul Rod
ney to the Vice President, who was ready and
waiting our arrival. The volante was brought
up to the door, and Mr. King stepped into it, in
order to ride into Matanzas before the sun
should be too high to make it unpleasant. The
whole cavalcade, consisting of some twelve or
fifteen American gentlemen, immediately moun
ted and forming as an escort around the carriage,
accompanied the Vice President to town.
“The Creoles who had gathered on the lawn
round the house, uncovered, and many a heart
felt “God be with you,” broke from their lips as
we rode away. On the road to town the na
tives, whenever we met them, silently uncov
ered as we approached, and as we passed sped
after us the same universal salutation. A few
Spaniards, standing in jjloqmy ire art the doors of
their shops, viewed us In silence, or muttered a
sullen ajo as the dust from our horses’ feet Hew
in their faces.
“Mr. King left Matanzas on the same day
for the estate of Mr. Chartrain, in the partidio
of Limonar, about eighteen miles from here.
His health is very poor, and no one accustomed
to see patients with pulmonary disease in this
climate, but knows he cannot survive long. He
may live for months in this mild climate, but
he can never be better. The old statesman
views his coming fate with calmness, as one
who has fought the good fight, an I will lay hold
of eternal lite.”
Ex-Phi sident Fillmore’s Southern Tour.
—We learn from the National Intelligencer that
Mrs. Fillmore continues seriously ill, and her
physicians give little hope that she will be able
to travel before the first of April, even if then.
Should she be unable to set out by that time, the
season will be so far advanced that Mr. Fillmore
will be {obliged to relinquish his contemplated
Southern tour, in part at least, if not altogether.
The magnificent projector spanning the St.
Lawrence river by a tubular bridge, similar to
that erected over the Menai Straits, by Stephen
son,is likely to be one of the triumphs of modern
science and mechanics. The following particu
lars in relation to the proposed bridge, are fur
nished by a Canadian paper :
“The bridge, it is calculated, will cost £1,250,-
000; its greatest span, over the deep channel of
the river, is to be 360 feet in length, and the
carriage-way will be 100 feet above high water
level. As the far-famed Britannia bridge, over
the Menai Straits, consisting of four spans—two
I in the center being 460 feet each in length, and
■ those next the shores, 230 feet each—its car
-1 riage-way being 102 feet above the high water
line, only cost £601,865. we take it for granted
the much increased estimated cost of the pro
posed bridge across the St. Lawrence is attribu
table to the great expense of constructing over
the land and shallow water, the approaches to
what may bo called the bridge proper.
j “It will be observed that the Britannia bridge
from land to land, is only 1380 feet in length—
or little over a quarter of a mile—while the St.
Lawrence opposite Montreal is nowhere less
than two miles, from shore to shore.”
The Burning Coal Mountain.—That por
tion of the Broad Mountain, called the “ Fiery
j Mountain,” from the fact of the Anthracite coal
; at that point being on fire—which has been
| burning lor the past fifteen years, is situated
I about five miles from Minersville, and fifteen
j from Schuylkill Haven, Pa. It is now consid
i ered a very dangerous experiment to travel
! over the mountain, as it is supposed that in
[ many places the surface is a mere superficial
, crust, or shell, the coal having been consumed
| up to the surface, and hence the least j ressure
thereon, it is presumed, might break through and
let the adventurer down into the fiery chasm
below. At the base of the mountain in one
place, a stream of water almost boiling hot,
comes out. The surface of the mountain pre
sents a desolate appearance, as far as the eye
can reach.
Southern Agricultural Convention.—At
a meeting of the Central Agricultural Society,
held in this State in October last, it was resolved
to hold an Agricultural Convention of the farm
ers and planters of the Southern States, and
Montgomery, Alabama, was the place designa
ted, and the month of May the time selected for
holding the same. At the late meeeting of the
Maryland State Agricultural Society, Messrs.
Char es B. Calvert, President, John Merryman,
Jr., Vice President for Baltimore county, and C.
P. Holcomb, Vice President for Delaware, were
appointed a delegation to represent the State of
Maryland in the Convention.
Receipts of Australian Gold.—The New
York Commercial publishes an extract from a
letter dated London, March 4, in which it is es
timated that there will be received from Austra
lia, in all this year, twenty millions of pounds
sterling, and the writer’s belief is that money
will be cheaper in England, during 1853, than
ever known. There is every prospect of a good
export trade as the year advances.
North Carolina Cofi'er Ore.—lt is said
the copper mine recently opened in Guilford
county, N. C., becomes richer the farther it is
worked down, and that between the different
tunnels or slopes cut in the vein there is now
ascertained to be copper ore sufficient to bring in
market one million of dollars. It will be re
membered that 100 tons of the ore from this
mine were lately sold in New York at SIBO
per ton.
In the New Brunswick Legislature a report
has been presented on the subject of the fisheries
and also the reciprocal trade with the United
States. Much excitement prevails in the As
sembly on the fishery question.
The government Assembly of Nova Scoti a
have decided up a plan of railway to extend 320
miles, with a capital of one million seven hun
dred and fifty pounds. The company to be or
ganized within four months.
Navy Uniform.—The Washington correspon
dent of the Southern Democrat says, it is be
lieved that Secretary Dobbin will countermand
the order of his predecessor, issued about the 2d
inst., entirely changing the uniform of various
classes of officers in the United States Navy.
President of Mexico.—Of the twenty-three
States of Mexico, sixteen have declared for
Santa Anna. The Government in the mean
time remains in the hands of Gen. Lombardini
who is prepared to surrender it into the hands
of the President-elect, whenever he presents
himself. The information that Santa Anna was
about to return to Mexico was received at Vera
Cruz with salvos of artillery, beating of drums
and ringing of ehurch bells. Gen. Arista re
mains on his farm, still suffering under severe
indisposition. It appears that the permission he
applied for to leave the country has been re
fused.
Days of Grace. —A bill has passed the House
of Representatives of Massachusetts, by which
notes, bills, drafts, &c., falling due on Sunday or
holidays, instead of being paid the day preceding
the day of their maturity, may remain unprotes
ted until the succeeding legal day.
Annexation. —According to the Pittsburg
Dispatch, a public meeting has been called at
Wellsburg, for the purpose of discussing the feas
ibility ol annexing “ the pan handle” portion of
Virginia to the State of Pennsylvania. This is
no doubt caused by the popular excitement in
that region on account of the refusal of the right
of way to the Steubenville Railroad.
The Charlestown Convent. —A committee
of the Massachusetts Legislature has reported in
favor of indemnifying the losers by the destruct
ion of the Ursuline Convent, which was des
troyed by a mob in 1834. They also reported a
bill providing for the appointment oi a board ol
Commissioners to hear all claims and award to
each claimant the actual loss inclined.
Odd Fiii.lows’ Collegiate Institute. —We
learn from the Abington Virginian thatthe In
dependent Order of Odd Fellows contemplate
establishing a female collegiate institute at that
place. It is proposed to erect a building upon
the scale to accomodate from three hundred to
five hundred pupils.
The Seasons.
The Spring, thus far, (says the Milledgeville
Recorder,) has been unusually unfavorable to the
planting interest throughout this State, and pro
bably the entire South. Heavy and frequent
tains have greatly washed and otherwise in
jured the freshly ploughed fields, whilst the low
lands have been repeatedly entirely submerged.
What effect this superabundance of rain,with an
occasional freeze, may have upon the growing
crops of small-grain, we are not able to deter
mine. But it may be well for the Agricultural
ist to consider, at least, the propriety of appropri
ating a liberal share of bis soil to the provision
crop. An excess of rain is usually followed by
a drought—a dry summer often succeeds a wet
winter and spring. We trust our farmers will
bear these facts in mind, and plough deeply and
largely for a corn crop. It will do nobody any
harm to have a super-abundance of provisions
even though it slightly diminishes in the aggre
gate the cotton receipts. An excess of the great
staple may be deplored—an excess of bread and
meat never.
Rains.—The Marietta Advocate says: “ The
recent excessive and continued rains in this sec
tion, have delayed the farmers’ preparations for
planting, so much as to injure seriously the pros
pects for the next crops. In the limestone coun
ties the roads are so miry as to be in some cases
next to impassable. In this respect our com
paratively poor and sandy soil possesses an ad
vantage over the richer lands of neighbor
ing counties.
The Oglethorpe Democrat still comes to us on
a half sheet, the small pox having frightened off
nearly every printer from that office. There
have been two deaths in Oglethorps for the
week ending the 23d inst. The Democrat says
—■“ All the other cases in Herringville are now
convalescent, and as we stated la -t week, we
apprehend no danger from that quaiter. On
VSSter ay, however, a case “ broke out” in the
extreme eastern part of trie My proper. What
■ will be the extent of it- prevalence, we can ot
of course now determine. The city authorities
are active and v’gilant in quarantining every
cas", appointing proper guards, and adopting
such measures as in their judgment are best
adapted to arrest the spread of the contagion.”
j The Montgomery Advertiser of the 20th inst.
says : “We have had no paper and but one let-
I ter mail from Mobile in some eight days. The
waters have been very high—higher than for
years—bridges have been washed away, and the
roads rendered almost impassable We have i
now, however, fine, dry weather, and everything
will be put to rights in a few days, we hope.
The Jacksonville, Fla , Repulican says that ’
a difficully occurred in Columbia county, Fla , >
about a fortnight ago, which resulted in some '
respects seriously and fatally. It is related that i
Mr. John S. Goodbread and A. S. Goodbread ;
had a dispute with Mr. Henry Pratt, about the
latter setting a fence on fire and entering the
' land of one of the Goodbreads. Shots were ex- ,
changed between A. S. Goodbread and Henry j
Pratt, and a second shot fired by the former en
tered among a crowd of negroes and children, [
killing a negro woman and wounding one of ■
Pratt’s children.
I
Suits on Fire.—A despatch to Mr. Walter ,
R. Jones, ofthe Atlantic Insurance Company, of
New York, from New Orleans, announces the
burning of the ship Alcona, bound fo' New
York, with 800 bales of cotton and 500 sacks of
corn.
The barque Nicholas Heinrich, Cajit. Maaik, I
at New York, from London, saw on the 24th
ult., a large ship on fire, supposed to be an Amer
can, in lat. 22.22 N., ton. 40.25 West. She
was copper bottomed, gilt head and stem, mast .
and bowsprit burnt out, and the ship still on
lire. Capt. M. remained in sight for a consid
‘ erable time, near enough to see five or six letters
on the stern, but could not make them out. Saw
no boat or trace of anything but the burning
ship.
Supplies of Water.—The cities of Hartford,
New Haven and Bridgeport, are all moving to
I obtain a supply of “pure and wholesome water.”
The N. Haven project is estimated to cost $325,
000.'
I Father Gavazzi, the Italian orator, made a
speech on religious matters, in the Tabernacle
I in N. York, on Wednesday evening, to a crowd
ed house. Some of the papers allege that his re-
, marks were very imtemperate and calculated to
I create discord.
i Plenty of Ice.—There is no fear that ice
! will not be plenty in the vicinity of Boston,
> next season. It is estimated that within an area
■ often miles of Boston, there are not less than
'■ half a million tons of the article, of superb quali"
ty.
Postmaster Brady, of New York, gave a snmp-
J tuous entertainment to his clerks on Wednes
day eveving. The clerks presented him with a
I beautiful and costly service of silver plate.
Prince Camcrata, grandson of Eliza Bonaparte,
r the eldest sister of Napoleon the first, recently
! committed suicide in Paris, because a young ac
tress refused to marry him. He was Master of
, I Requests, of the Council of State.
I A Profitable Windfall.—The underwri
. | ters of the bark Lincoln, which was picked up
I at sea on her voyage from New Orleans, by the
crew of the schooner Bloomer, of Gloucester, and
towed into Boston, have agreed to pay the own
i ers and crew of the schonner the sum of $20,000.
This will give the crew about $1,250 each.
Decline in the Vai.kue of Gold.—Thomas
’ de Qtiincey has written an article for Hogg’s In
structor, which is copied in No. 462 of Litell’s
1 Living Age, arguing that the utter depreciation
of gold is near at hand and inevitable, unless the
solitary hope be realized that the gold quarries
[ may soon be exhausted.
I Ohio Common Schools.—From the report of
i the Ohio Secretary of State, on the condition of
the common schools lor the past year, we learn
that the whole number of youth in the State is
838,669. The entire number of pupils enrolled,
male and female, is 437 41'2. The average dai-
■ ly attendance during the year has been but 266,.
I 267.
Vegetables for the London Market.—
T r.e London correspondent of the National In
telligncer, in his last letter says:
The extent ofthe gardens round Lon on, re
quired to supply the two millions and a quarter
of eaters there, will be hardly credited. Within
a radius of fifteen miles of London there are two
hundred thousand acres of la ■d in the hands of
market gardeners, all laboring for the London
market. Ten thousand loads of turnips, 100,000
sac l :s of peas, 20.000,000 heads of celery, 40,-
000,000 cabbages, and 1,000 tons of water cres
ses, are said to be sold annually in Convent Gar
den market alone, to say nothing ofthe potatoes,
carrots, beets, onions, herbs of all kinds, &c.,
■ which are sold in immense quantities.
A PnoMisr.NG Young Man.—The Rome
Courier says: “ We are credibly informed, that
Mr. William Ashby, of this county, produced 10
bales of cotton and 10 barrels of corn, by his in
dividual labor during the past year. Il all our
young men were made of the same materia
there would be an end of Loaferism.
A Washington letter to the Tribune tells a
good tale on the New York office seekers, by
stating that they are put to their trumps by be
ing compelled to answer the inquiry as to who
they voted for in 1848 for President. None
have been found yet who voted for Van Buren
and it is not likely that any will be. It is un
derstood that even Prince John, if put on the
stand, will testify that he voted for Cass.
Rev. Dr. Geo. F. Pierce has accepted the invi
tation to deliver the next Annual Address at the
Fair of the Southern Central Agricultural Asso
ciation, at Augusta, next fall.
The Arctic Traveler.—The celebrated Dr.
Rea, has arrived at Liverpool, to make prepara
tions for his overland expedition in search of
Sir John Franklin, and to finish the survey of
the northern coast of America. Dr. Rea was to
leave early in March for the northern regions,
via New York.
American Belles at a Premium in Paris.—
It is rumored that Madame R , ot Paris, late
Miss L., of New York, is appointed one ofthe
dames tfhonneur to the Empress ; and that Mrs.
R., formerly Miss C.,ot New Y’ork city, has re
' ceivcd a similar appointment.
Residences of Distinguished Officers. —
The National Intelligencer states that the Sec
retary of State, of War, and the Postmaster
General either have already made, or certainly
intend making their residence in Georgetown.
The Hon. R. Toombs has leased the large and
beautiful mansion and grounds on the heights,
the residence of the late Col. Carter. For
healthiness and picturesque beauty, the heights
of) Georgetown have few equals any where,
and superior no where.
A Month’s Immigration.—l2,2Bo emigrants
arrive, l nt New York during the month of Feb.,
from foreign ports. I
[communicated.]
To the Editor of the Constitutionalist:
Yonr paper of the 19th contains an Editorial
on “the next Governor,” on which I desire to
offer some comments. To the general tone
and spirit of the aTticle lean give my full ap
probation. So far as you urge a hearty union of
all who are Democrats in sentiment, in support
ofthe truly Democratic, National, and union
loving administration, which I confidently look
forward to under President Pierce, I sympa
thise with you, and would cheer you on in the
good work. Nor shall I stop toquarrel with you
for your implied exclusion from your good gra
ces of those who, last fall, supported what you
think proper to call “the Tugalo Ticket.”
As one of those who advocated that ticket
I have no apologies to make nor recantation to
offer. I considered the ticket called “Demo
cratic” to have been put in the field irregularly,
and improperly, and to have been nominated
at the time, and under the circumstances that it
was, for the express purpose of offending the
Union Democrats, and kept up as a standing in
sult and degradation to them. Such being my
views, although I had no concern whatever in
getting up the “Tugalo Ticket,” and, if I had
been consulted, would have advised against it,
as exposing us to certain defeat, and as placing
us in a false position in the eyes of Democrats
in other States who did know the facts, yet
when it was brought out, and the race had to be
run,! had no difficulty in choosing my position.
At the same time I never blamed those Uni rn
Democrat#, who, taking a different view of the
question of feeling which was involved, deter
mined on a different course.
I should not have deemed the position ot a
single individual in private lifelike myaelf, wor
thy of so many words, were it not, that I be
lieve what I have said expresses the feelings of
many, if not most, of those Union Democrats
whom you nick-naipe Tugalo’#. We acted then
on oui feeling# perhaps more'than on our judg
ment, but we ask for no sympathy or forgive-’
ness. We now support in good faith the ad
ministration of General Pierce, and shall co-op
erate with all who do likewise; nor shall we
stop to enquire whether we are regarded by
other gentlemen of the party with cordiality or
otherwise.
But my object in writing i« not to discuss
these matters, but to disabuse your mind, and
those of your readers, as to the position of Gov.
Cobb in that matter. Your article gives me the
opportunity of doing Gov. Cobb, what his mag
nanimity has prevented his doing for himself.
I write without his knowledge, and possibly
what he would not permit if be knew it. But
it is due to truth and justice that his position
should be known. The writer of this, professes
to be as well informed as any other man, as to
the opinions, sentiments, and views of Gov.
Cobb, and I affirm that which I know, when I
say, that the ticket which was put up after the
Atlanta meeting was brought out against hit
wishes and ad vies, and against his earnest iff oris to
■ prevent it.
\ I itnoiothat he wrote urgent letters to Judge
James Jackson, at Carnesville, where Gen.
Wofford was during Court, pressing upon him to
see Gen. Wofford, and endeavor by every argn
i ment, to induce him to decline running on that
ticket, and to accept the place on the regular
ticket, which be was then advised would be ten
dered to him. So far from bi# “sympathy and
secret effort#,” being for the “Tugalo Ticket” he
disapproved of the movement from first to last,
i and his friends knew it.
I It is true that Gov- Cobb was in favor at, At-
I lanta of a different course from the one pursued.
I From the day when the Union Electoral Ticket
! was nominated at Milledgeville, he had labored
to bring about a compromise of the Ticket on
! terms which would secure cordiality, and har
i mony. among all the friend# of Pierce and King
The Atlanta meeting was called at his sug
gestion, and for the purpose of promoting that
object. Before it assembled it bad become obvi
ous that our proposals of compromise would not
be responded to. Gov. Cobb proposed in that
i case to nominate a ticket composed of those gen
: tiemen of the other ticket, who had evinced a
! willingness to arrange the matter, and to fill up
, the other places with the name# of Union Dem
j ocrats, and call on the whole Democracy of the
State to rebuke by their vote# the spirit of pro
scription and persecution, which bad been
manifested by some of our Southern Rights
brethren. This was his whole course in the
matter. The Atlanta meeting decided different
ly, and hi rhelr decision W<»v. Uobb acquiesced,
and gave, as I before said, no encouragement
whatever to those who did not.
Is it asked why he did not publicly announce
that disapprobation ? It would have been poli
cy in him to do so, but the noble and generous
heart of Howell Cobb shrunk from striking a
blow that would wound his friends, even though
he thought them in the wrong. The list of
names advocating the movement included many
who were his best and nearest friends. They
had stood by him through storm and sunshine,
and though his sense of duty prevented his aid
ing them, he was not the man to lift his hand
against them. He has patiently borne all the
vituperation and obloquy which has been heap
ed upon him on that account, and still bears it.
The time has come—now when the election
i s over —now when the new Administration is
fully formed, and tlse suspicion of seeking Cabi
net offices can no longer be aroused in the
minds of the most uncharitable, that his friends
owe it to him to make his true position known.
Gov. Cobb now stands prepared to sustain the
great Democratic party to which he has always
belonged, and to fight, as a private in the ranks,
for the imperishable principles of Jefferson,
Jackson ami Polk, and which he hopes and
believes will derive additional strength and
lustre f-fom the Administration of Franklin
Pierce. Respectfully,
Wm. H. Hull.
Baltimore and the Southern Trade.
A meeting of the merchants and business men
of Baltimore, was to be held in that city Monday
evening last, “to take necessary steps for obtain
ing reliable information and data in regard to
the feasibility of steamers to Savannah, New
Orleans and the Gulf.” The Cotton Plant, clo
ses a long article on the subject of the Southern
trade, with the following remarks :
Let the steamers between Baltimore and Sa
vannah and also Mobile be determined on.—
There should be a meeting of merchants at once
to take this thing into consideration, to examine
the ground, to open a correspondence with Mo
bile and Savannah, and see what can be done.
It will do no harm and will show the people of
Georgia, East Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama
that Baltimore is in earnest. Let the merchants
meet, and after getting reliable information, and
seeing how the land lies, go to work and do
what they can. For that purpo«e we call atten
tion to a meeting of merchants to be held in the
Southern and Western Reading Room on Mon
day evening at 9 o’clock P. M. Several large
houses will be present. Something is going to
be done if it is ever so small.
The Savannah News says: “Such a move
ment is worth a dozen commercial conventions.
If Baltimore has inducements to offer for our
trade, and would share it with New York and
Philadelphia, she mutt meet her northern rivals
here with equal facilities of communication.
Our Baltimore friends are on the right track
now, and we hope they will take “ no steps
backward.”
The Cincinnati Sun says that Lola Montez
Countess of Landsfeldt, on the 17th, severely
beat one John Jones, who was acting as a trav
elling agent for her. She is described as having
sprung on the unfortunate Jones with the com
bined fury of several wild eat#, and thatappend
age joined to “ her little arm,” usually styled in
plain English, a fist, struck the defenceless gen
tleman a blow somewhere in the vicinity of
the upper story, so heavy that he was pitched
several feet.
Tht Army and Navy.—lt is stated that the
annual cost ol the army and navy of the United
States per head for the population, is 67 cents.
The expenses of the same establishments to
Great Britain and Ireland per head is $2 56 ; to
France, $2 10 ; to Germany, $2 28.
The King ol Sweden, in consideration of the
great scientific practical value of Lieut. Maury’s
labors, has ordered that the Swedish navy co
operate with this officer, by making observations
according to the form prescribed for his “Wind
nnd Current” chart.
Important Decision.—W. C. Clarke, Judge
of Probate for Hillsboro’ county, N. H., has re
cently decided that the investment of a ward’s
funds in a new railroad enterprise, is not the ex
ercise of sound discretion, and that the guardian
is liable for the money and interest.
Coin in Banks,—According to reports recent
ly published, the Banks of the Union and the
Sub-Treasury have in their vaults about seventy
five millions of dollars in coin. It is suggested
that nine-tenths of this sum might, as well be
for all practical purposes, held in gold ingots or
bars, ami the coin distributed in exchange there-
I tor.