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JOI KXAL & MESSENGER.
T. CII \I'M V\ A S. ROME, RfUtors.
Theory of .Vjricultire.
Whoever hasp* tused the writing* of men of science
on Rural subjects, need not be informed that th v enter
tai.i quite oppfsjfte view* m regard to th • value of *’ hu
wrii” or vegetable mold, ammonia, lime, gypsum, pot*
n*h, common wilt, boixts and stable manure, in the
•v cultivate i plants. This discrepa cy ofopin
. i oat t. is 10 an eq ul ex e it among pract.cd Ag
~m! r-£T*, o.na m tins c itry ml E m Tn J
Xucis mi cat** very cLarly that neither class ui observ
er ha* Use v ; i .hat the o uimun sense o mankind
r‘gar.ls as th t> i theory ot Ag hculture. It is but
ic truth to say that, >u. practice of the ancient art oi
sbrtnJiy is iiir in mivnnce olour theory in (he very
Jem sc Mice th Rural Economy. And yet we are
.. • t. see how a farmer can pursue hi* complicated
ii with fne highest succ sw, who i* ignorant * f
,v nc!i coimol the organization ot ail vegetable I
i amui l su .auiures. Every thing grown on the farm !
antauon is either a vegetable or uniwai product, it I
. tv? one oMbe-other.
A tr.i* tVo’-y must hav? fonts basts the immutable i
■*., i, taJo 2, as esiuj usiicJ to regu.ate thede
•'eiop**". ml of each succeeding geneintion of plants an 1 [
• •mala. To impa t perfect uniformity to each epecna
• ng t i:i s, whether v •* *i b!e or animal, their or- ;
i um’ : growth niU’U • k >verrre Ihv law* fixed a*
tnoac w’ c mite spring s coee 1* ii *r, summer to J
t<< t ..v spa i.rn ii summer. i.iei *aj Idnony
1/3,1 . 1 vh it tr -* ■ riTiim'law* require for the
, Btionol | b) wool,
pork ani no-r ag tuts s; ‘pie*. Wuenev *r< i• ques
tion c r i ■sn atiici Htiy and truly axis * ered, the theory
ofagveu u wm ae to com iy in every particular with
th? tie na.ijs <*. th * Creator's law-* \V* know if n
h guer su If Uia i the earnest and c mtious investigation
oi me laws by winch the whole human family u e to he
comiorta dy ed and clothed, when the offspring of th?
one thousand million* of souls now on earth, shall be as
largely augmented-from each pair .an we now witness in
the descendants >f the first pair, Adam and Eve. The
1w of pro a ve increase leads us to look forward to the
condition ofth.ng—the agriculture oiinun—when tlie
whole tillable suia.ee of the globe will fee required to
yielJ its maximum of human food. Judging from trie
.bee- .'I Ge*-* the--? can be but U*tie d*>uG. that
Pr •, is tak i id- ii .*•; ag s, many million* of
ycu. cpa. me planet w.ikm we iniiabit lor the
sustenance ol unknown myriads of our race. Frol R< o
ers estimates the thickness ol the sedimentary rocks
on this Continent at 40,000 tret; those of England are
found from actual measurements to be fdxandauda
haif miles in depth These r*;ks abound in the re
mar.s of w 11 preserved marine or J terresual rmimai*
ami plant*. TV-r abrasion and rheuncui decompos
tioti turn isd in ruler for the growth of the living beings
now on earth.
The distribution of the earthy p rtion of plant* and
an,mala, rs very unequal on the surf ce of islands and
continents, lienee, vegetable products are extremely
small m some regions, and immense in those which are
naturally fertile. We have a deep conviction, based on
original research and some reading, that wherever u
soil contains nulue proportion, lime potash, so* Ja, mag
nesia, silica, alumina, iron, chlorine, sulphur, and phos
phorus, it *ill be highly productive, although organiz
ed carbon,uittogen, oxygen ami hydrogen, may not tv
presen; to the amount of more than the hail of one per
cent. We are far trom saying, that vegetable and ani
mal mold are worthless in cultivated soils. But we are
tree to remark that, in ailcm* •> where ui * incombusti
ble salts found ui lue ash of cultivated plants and ol
domestic annuals abound, there will be no lack of or
ganized matter undergoing decomposition, to yield
food lor growing crops.
The prairie*, which are annually burnt over, furnish a
ca.-e in point The ash, or eaitliy portion ot plants re
left on the ground, while most oi the organized carbon
nitrogen aud elements ot water are dissipated by tire
through the ui rwpli Nevertheless, t e soilot then*
burnt pinnies is remarkably fertile. The roots of each,
crop <•: gr..sa yield a luit supp y of carbonaceous matte;
without a particle ot manure, wmiethe ash oj the pro
ceed mg crop ;uu>he ure iiuti'inia . e ed to n.g.imz
anew one. if u t liner wdi adopt the fame system
and restore an tb? earthy pail ot each harvest to ill
field win uce it is taken, he m y gr.w ai:ycrp,ye u
**er y nr, aii:e g us grows, .o centu iea, w.thuu
..j v ...e bqII. * V c w g . ou . Cos heui i
id in i ct.f.u; n.l th? p.ui cgr is burn; •; rv
yte.,C.v,p ng * ui;.u at > c .. I
i.;d y ime .i gn.iie - in > ■ .vt-.U'.i . c g,<
, ineop * f ■ r. *l p: r :> mi.( .* c u....
HI •mo .4. rr - k v. ■ ... . *v • . ..
:i..ui the sb:-... t.” ugi. iheagfu. /oi i dt-epcsi roo
* ~ch the ti c pans, n the su;.. ce us lei ilizeis.
•. p plowing hml subsoiling will greatly aid the
ii iix-.f*uie tiomthe depth citwo or three fc
v n moisture or water will hold mow needful salts.
• As mere is a constant evaporation going or.
.1 the gree. leaves of grow ing plains, the w ater fro:.i
-übaou enters their roots and carries with it up tc
.ire .eaves, whatever inineiais it m. y hold in aolumn
1; •.ire what nature requires to organize ci-rb* n.
i n*-d nitiogen, into the tissues of the
Such organization proceeds at a rapid rate The
writer has found horn repented expeiaoems, that win.
ght and <atofUk*un will decompose carbonic
‘arid water in a corn plant under a brli glass, ready
to lorn: t;ie rganized tubs: lice of th<* living being, if
the plant t c aeprun dos a!! potJi*h, soda* ium , mftjpte
nia, non, ;ioo r gHtnaM on. nc growtlitafre* ( nice. Siq
ply lest alkuimc earths, combined withphow* jr ami
■uip. u; ic ac*MS, and chlorine, ptst as nature iuimsln*
them the >* ui g coin | lart nth* edoJtln; g:ain
whei n ~re; > i ut. ana in* yarn wi.i glow rapid.v.
Whet >lf * •of coin will yield.il led to pigs,and
their ni&iiuie applied to the roots of grow ing corn, is
precise*} ue had ofmattei w ..eh boil mu*! have to
organize a vtop of this grain. We find from actual ei
peiiment then we can organize liW pounds of ripe com
plants, ami mi consume more than six pounds of the
Mbatoftee of the earth in which the cum grew. And |
we are confrere rrtthat fitly bushels of com can be organ
ized cheaper on oiie acre, than on two, three, lour if
five acres. The expense if making corn per hush 1 de*
pends, first on the uuiural fertility of the soil, and second. ■
ly, on the coat of lona,potash, writ, nnd bone*
at t*’* ,*• i j -vheie the cr'p is to t>e manufactured.—
One ... .j *e able to obtain near c.t •* all these miner- f
ala in the excretions of men and bors* a at a small cost •
Fai m the country, tlie case ib different. Oi all inen,|
the nariculturist moat needs the benefit oi cities and <
eillag h— fa dense population. The mecliamoa, *pe
rat ■v‘ j . and mairafnctuneiaaf Rngland are worth tiles-
Sn able millions to the cultivators oJ British home soil —-
Nothing strikes the Editor so fbtciby at llte South as
|he lack of p quliiti* n, the liu k cl cows, s)i* p, und all ,
the ordinary means ior making manure We hope not
(Ogive otli nce when we soy, that to pasture a twenty
acre field with a* many cattle, to be yarded on on acre
at i ight, is a capital process lor rolthing nineteen rictes
c) “ eir fertilizing eh ok tits in order to make one acie
rich. The true system fa, to make, tire whole planta
ion quite ns product Me n* ttie ci w j * n.
Wire re did the beasts get tire matter winch they leave
id the ri pen f Ohvu u)y it is s part ut the plant* which
they gather dunngthe day And lioin what source did
Uu plants ohiuin the fertilizing sal ■ lound in the liquid
and eoiui * xue none of cattle ( Mainly from the euLmnl
wire re tie >gu w If. then you will make a most produc
tive cow -p< 0 ot tire whole furui,search closely into the
Capabilities ol die subsoil, nnd bring its k-rlrhzing irutiet
also to the furtaoi olvery acre. Scud us a pound of it>
wc will soon diuimine its value lot making ouru and
coMoti. K’ liuinbel that Uli bushels ol lime mixed with
twool common salt, two of gypsum, two ol burnt Lotus
and six ol hard-wood a shea, an worth mote on an ucic
than 100 ol fun* alone. lUO ol gypsum alone, lUU of
aait alone, ora like weight ol boms oi ashes alone;
that it. supj posing thr soil to luck all th* iiMXietafa lound
ui the ssli ot a perfect com or cotton plant. L* tno
man who know* there isadiifar* nee between time nnd
comuxn aalt,between sulp.nir and potash, between’
phosphorus and iron,beleive tor ■ moment that gypsum
oau perform thtf olio * ol bo e eu'tli oi bo r: earth
that ot gypsum, in the economy of i-iants und aniuiala. ,
Tire gu tire juice of a c*w contains chlorine, 9 wh*th- |
•r vow wilt Irvi oi not, whichahe can only derive iruui
plains, and they ironi the tod. Hence there r* quite
)i | luprk-ty msakiPg U* sartto as mcaiting the cow*
, van factnar sieu—failfat > Cttdtrlc
•Common red, tv, c -ntshisn<r far I m fiU pr
mi ‘Mit ii ion. ‘Hi ‘gaan'o iu.e r ‘
J : hc tt|i e idkvt!*.- f c iume ft mail
which ui.li m oqgn tig ,ou. ’l ire soda in Soßimal
Mill sot giect ii ui tl e sys'etus of being phut* and
Kfitig anttuafa 1U cou.iim udatoiy e*pi -cuoii, a> V#
arc (h£ malt us lA earth,” indicate* an early sppn ci
ation of its rennsrknlilc properties Wc uad ol sal*
sTsh “ ft** fit lor the dung k*"p
MACON, GEORGIA.
CVEDNESD IY, J.Y>. U. Is 4".
““ FOR PRESIDENT,
GEN. ZACHA.iY TAYLOR.
To the Patron* of the Journal *V >le**cmrer.
Our account* are now made out, and will be handed
lo those who are indebted to us, in the course of the
present and coining week. We take it tor granted tho’
they will Jy- ready to settle. They muit be ; ware, tliat
m,. various inipiovenients made in the paper during th
past year, buvs cost us inonc> —and a large amcu.ii o.
tat that We have pushed forward quietly, nnd
tne paper nearly ail we promised, and now when t.
season for u general settlement has come, wt hope that
the friends of the enterprise, may come piomptiy toi
wind and place u* m tun.ld. J3y doing *• they will
benefit themselves well aa u?, as we conU mplale still
turther impiov* inents in our paper, the moment we set
assured uiui our paying patronage, will justify the* in
creased expenditure.
Subscribers are reuiiuJed, that if they neglect to pay
up their an enrages before the end ol the year, they wnl
invariably be charged tilt*. Jout dollars, uccoidn.g to
the published rates, hswc have no id. a ot c.ediltng
them mi Homing. Those residing at a distance,can rt -
nut by mnt,ai oui risk. The trims of the paper a;e
$z 50,strictly m advance, §3 00 it paid within the year,
and si OJ if not paid until utter the year expires. 1 <‘i -
sonant arrears lor less than ten month*, by sending the
Dollars and the name of anew advance subset'if. ,r - I
receive c edit lor the years subscription.
31 r. Robinson’* Dancing Class.
W take pi? .sure ui t ling uitenuon lo *he C'ii of
Mr. .Kot'insun rn unothei c .ainn. Mr. R. has g \eu
uiiiversai eausr action, as he bus not only preserved pu-
Ld order and uecoruinm Ins C.as s, but has been
rematkabiy suceaHiui to hiseiioris to impart rnsuucuon,
i.i die various “uusund graces w uich h? pruiesscs to j
teach.
J
II ay wood * Expi t* s.
r riie enu iprising proprietor of the Express bet ween j
Macon and bavuminh, ha* penected a.l Ins p.irange
mtms, and in connection with Mr. Llls, if prepared to
furnu.it the citizens ol Macon and vicinity, with all the
luxu.n; nnd delicacies that can be pnn:ureJ on the sea
board. Kwh, uwl, tiesii, nuns, every imng mat can
t .mpl lav eye o: p ‘>• .•-n U lx* j iocu.e.. ... i •
ate prices, uud ui” qa.t . time.” As to ms Lng
lish Ducks, there us nulh.i g i qu.. to theifi “ on the i artli
beneath, or l - the wateis ‘ —about these parts—they an
the genuine article and no mu-take.
Effects ol the Foreign News.
Tbeetieot ot the Caledonia * news in New York was
greatly to unsettle tht cotton maiket, both prties con
tending tor a concession. ‘1 he fi*w sales effected on
the 6th and 7th, were at a slight decline, soy oi an i to
a I cent per pound.
Ac know icdpiueirt.
Mf*rs. Berrien of the Seuate and Jonesof the House j
ot Representatives, are entiued to our especial thanks
lor then greet kindness in kuwarding us public docu
ments. We mention tins fact with the more pleasure, !
ns soinc members ot Congress are too apt to neglect
then constituents, except on the eve of an electron.
Wonderful Despatch.
We received by Cave Johnson's mail, *n the Bth in
stant, a copy of the Baltimore Patriot, of the 17th De
cember, being just iiceny-one days from Baltimore to j
Macon! It is no uncommon occurrence for us to get j
Washington end Baltimore capers ten days after their
pubhctUK'.l !!
News From Texas*
The census of Texas recently taken, show* the w'holt*
population of the Stale to be 110,000. Gen. \V ood lias
beenchoseft Governor, and Mr. Greer Lieut. Governor
In the Legislature Gen. Minibeau l. Lan;ur, offered
joint residution* against the relinquishment ot any part |
of the conquered territory of Mexico and prov iding for
tne incoiporation ol a part of it, by couseut ol Congress, j
into the JSiateof Texas ; and also providing lor the ces
sion ot a portion ol the northern part ot Texas to the j
United Statee.
Melancholy Death*
W regret to announce the death bom a pulmon t
oflectiou, Mr. Harvey Suotwell, one of our oldest
and meet esteemed citizens. Mr Shotwell wauaua
■ ve of New Jersey, ot Quuk r decent, and illustta.* and
, Hie 1.1.. y . ;.'h, I-. Ur'M Virtues of that sect. He
i \ ise'gr'g in n xrensrve D j :
: i ;h? ‘ /y. wh'ch h"s ince thede*’ * eofhi*
•..th, octx. c on u..-ci u- h.Li nain
welt and Gilbert. Notwithstanding the lingerirp nature
oi hisdesei.se he died suddenly, “ as in the twinkling ot
an eye” and the places which knew him late “shall j
know him no more forever.”
I jtt .uary.
The display made by the several volunteer corp sos
the oty on the bth wus uuiy imposing. The *\J aeon
Volunteers and Floyd R\fies appeared with lull runks
aid passed through ilieir various evolutions with almost
the promptness und precision ot regulars ; andj the day
passed oil w thout the occuirance ot any ir.cident to
mar the enjoyment ot those who engaged in celebrating
ihe uiimveisary of th*'glorious t ighth.
Appointment by the Lieut. Governor of Vir
ginia*
David Reid, of Macon, Geo. Comiuiaeione*
for taking depositions, ol deeds, &c
lor said Sitate.
‘i he 11 aph.
The pioets have all been *r- cted for the Telegraph
hue between New Orleans and Mobile,and the greater
j ait ol the wire stretched, it is hoped that it will L e
.ii successful opeialn>n by the ‘2Uth mat The work on
this part ol the In c is progiresit-g verv slowly, princi
psts. agents and all, seemingly h iving gone to sleep as ii
by common consent.
The Foot Knee.
Quite a concounie of citizens assembled at the Cen
tral Course on Saturday last, tor the purpose ol witness
ing the great feat of running ten miles within an hour,
prc xwedto be performed by John Gtlderaleeve. The
day was umavorab’.e, nnd the vv.nd at tunes, blew vio
lently. T‘ e trn’ k was hesvy, and, ns is well know n
constdeiably over a mile m h tig.h ; yet he periomiev.
tlit ten rounds with greaienst‘,m one hour and two min
utes, thus proving, that he cun easily run the distance
advertised in the limitation allowed. We are informed
that he suffered scarcely any from the race, and was as
fresh and nimble the next day as the American Deer
hums If.
The Troup Hill Artery*
We neglected last week to call the utleution of our
reader* to the enterprise of Mr Roitxar Nki4o who
has leased for a term of year* th Vince”
near Troup iiiii, where he propones to establish himself
permanently in die cultivation ot choice fruna, dowers,
•dim. la’iy 4lc , Slc. Mr is a unlive ol Copen
hagen ami is u regulaily diicaled gardener; not oniy
taimlmr with the practical part ot the business, but ex
tensively in k>rtn*d upon sil swl*j#cui oonuected there
with Withul, he some limes uses his pen admirably
well, lie has l wen rending lor some time at Newbury
port,and we noi ice in the HarttctUiuml a most sensi
ble article from him upon the culture ol Piai Bixi-
U nos It is copied with commendatory remarks into tire
Massachusetts Ploughman where it accidentally met
our eye after w* commenced writing this article The
enterprise of Mr Nelson is something new in the
tM udi.bui one of Uk* editors ol this paper is fully con
vinced from his own cxpenence in the matter tent the
undotukmg i entirely practicable and that a great
vtasty of hurts can be produced in Georgia of a quality
equal, it not superior, to the choicest raised by the far
turned Horticulturists of the north. Os Mr Nelson’s
cnpnciiy we have the most ample testimonials, and ns
he m s worthy, uidustious uum we cordially dointQelid
him to tl* palronatge of the public. Macon in the very
location tor sucha garden ns Mr Nelson proposes tors,
tablisii fi*ue is central to a dense population and mal
ready by lier rail toad cornu u> tenuous alikecotivemeiu
of access from the s* at-oaul and the mountains There
is no reason why we should not have here another
“Flushing* to supply the &k>uth and Komli
g ntci with all that is rare and valuable in hurt.culture
A New Ilichinond in tli‘ I teld.
It is now currently rumored that anew organization
is on loot at w sh. gtop wl. P*> to result in th-* ‘ out
.n.t.ou ol tfn Qu inmti th l‘ csidency, and l**tr
,'i> fr, t the Vice pr#* ; .t*rcy Wilt t p'tt* ♦hst
vltssis Uuchanan,Case,Dallas St Cos .should I. veal)
tlwir labour tor nothing Th* y have striven esnrrly
for the prize and manufactured a vast amount of aim
milrtary thunder alas’ that they should be doomed to
dtsnppointin* nt
The Southern < ultivntor.
Wc )i®ve sadly neglected our duty ii regard t° ~ie
! above work. Th improvements under ns n-'W Lli
tor are I •p-o- . . ind top g : ‘ ’
I brought to the notice ol the friends ot agriculture Du
Lie, is evidently no mere book tanner, but a gentle
man of strong, practical, common sense, fortified and
enlightened by a profound knowledge of agricultural
science. lie is not satisfied with vague theories, but
pushes nt once into n close analysis of Ins subject
commenc a with elementary principles and builds up
his argument just as a good Chemist, re-forms n sub
quince, alter having separated it into its constituent
part* and minutely examined the elementary principle*
of which it is composed. H? t* a ready writer, and a
rsi-i.*l firmer—ne who rciie' : , not u;*n tlrw -l :n
♦ nicli eminate* trom the closet, but which is gathered
trout the fields, under the broad blaze of open day. He
s industrious, too,in writing ns well as in experiment
ing, and hasndde I already, vastly to the interest and
real worth of the Cultivator.
The following are the contents of the Jatiun-.y num
ber of the work.
Practical Hints k*r January , The Turnip F’ v ; !)
rv Business at the South ; P'.oughing. Plan to g t n
Early nnd sure Stand of Cotton—Remark* : Necessity
of Improvement; Sheep—Remarks , Account of tire
Cotswo'-d Sheep; Grass Nuts ns food for Hogs; An
Anawer to “Carolina **; Clover for Pustures ; Intonna
fion wanted nh< u P *nd Soil ; Improvements in Su rnr
M king. A New I'ng'iiiiJ Farm; Agricultural Im
• rove..i* it. N. 1 . Culfjreof tire Sea-Kale; A New
Year and nr- w Volume ; Improve th? Sc.il; Lime o*
a Fertilizer; Fine llg; Agricultural Science and
Practice'—R marks; Sweet Potatoes; Incubation; —
\;; ysis of Soils; Ashes as a Fertilizer—Remark*.
Oak and Pine Leaves—Reixi* a ika ; The Nitre Lakes of
Egypt; To Pickle Tomatoes ; Leaf Buds and Bulbs;
Circulation ot Plants • Insensible Perspiration; About
the Trnr.splnntinr of Trees ; Advice on Ganh-n Cul
ture ; Method ot Pr-s'-rving Fruit ; The Washington
Pear; ( t N .,>ating Peach drees—Remarks; EfhctSofj
| the Seventeen Years Locust on tire Roots of Trees; \
tP .te AgticuUurnl Amociation; Reports on Indigo, |
Ck*tton,Com and Wheat; List of Premiums swarded
i by tire Warren county Agricultural Society ; A Report
on Butter.
I T. L Ro.q*, I>| Post Master, is the Agent
for Macon and surrounding country.
Hunt’s ?I t’s Magazine.
Th* January number o. thG invaluable work is on
our table. It contains a fine engraved likeness of Ma
jor Sam in I. Shaw, the first American Consul nt Canton,
and is filled with Commercial, general and Statiaicn!
Articles of unequalled interest. No merchant should
under nny circmnstnnc s be without it —in fact’
we had almost said that no man is entitled to the name
of merchant, who is ignorant of the statistics of trad?
and commerce, which can only Ik* obtained in a relia- 1
hie form from itapag s. A* Mr Hunt haeno agent in
this City, and we are particularly anxious to extend the \
circulation of so important a work, we invite merchants, |
planters and others, to call an I examine the present and
back numbers lor themselves. For f-irch as may desire
toFubscribe, we will order either the future or back *
numbers nt the proprietors prices adding only freights \
and actual expeuees irotii New York to Macon.
Augusta Improvements*
Our enterprising friends of Augusta have completed
their Canal and have nearly finished the largest cott( :i
mill in the dtate. Ii is intended to ran spindles,
and 300 looms end will employ between 350 i nd-JCO
j bands. This i- : the way to build up a town. It our
l legislators would only take care of the poor, working I
clasps the rich would take care ol themselves. Foster
Industry; and no danger need be apprehended from
aganamsm. The moment the people find can i
rise by their efforts and by the combined influence ot'i
labour and economy that moment they become interest j
ed in the protection of property —they are orderly and
conservative citizens —tli*ir whole nature is changed !
and it becomes their int erest as well os their pleasure
“ to iao*- moil als to t'.je skits rather'than to diag angels J
down. ” Society iu sno treasure whicii she should priz e
so highly as the hc.m-st. laborious, working man.
impi<v of ti e ffv—mh Rfrsr*
On.lire dd U ftant, Mr. Benien introduced into the |
Senate of the United States, a bll ior the removal of
olwtructions from the of Savannah River, wtrich J
was read t*.vice and referred. We most sincerely tru t j
that thisriiensure may be strenuously urged upon Con- (
g r *ss by ihtr undivided delegation from this State.— ’
liithero. Mr. King has had the sole honor ot being uu
waverr.ig in his devotion to the true interests ot our sea
port, in the House. We feel confident that he will now
have th<’ aid and co-opeiatioti 1 1 th* < i.i g toned nd
‘.ibertil urn den representative reom the 3<l district, und
>douter i. -iaU* s um the cuatc, viU ..a- n.uu.io
ei'.her evnued the question, or voted directly against
t'ae interests ot their constituents, ‘i'tie recent vote in
| Congress upon the abstract principle involved in the ve’
I to of tire Harbor amt Rivet Bill, goes tar to ,-rove that
[public sentiment is last changing upon this important
’ question, and that the people are resolved that while
the administration, is squandering millions upon for
eign wars, it should at least protect the interior trade
uud commerce of the nation. The sooner this mutter
rs distinctly understood the better.
The Macon A \% esteru Railroad.
The report ofth* President of the Macon & Western
! Company, nia e to the Stockholders, at their recent
I meeting, w ibe touti inr our Columns to day. It i s
inc. a:, be .hi-* document and places the af
fairs oi t!i ■ Cos: pu:i> in a most snt st.actory light.
The Macon u Western Koud, it will be recollected,
e s purchased, at public sale, by toe present Company,
.>i iu* sum ot glss,Ukk They have since expended
I upou the work, for grading, superstructure, iron, equip
i uent, buildings Ac. Ac the additional sum o| 4G0.-
making tlie enure cost of the road sflf,Oyß,‘2l
The road was put into o(ieration in the autumn of 1446
and its earnings, for the year 1847, with a deficient e
j quipiuent, are as follows, viz ;
For freight $54,86*i/>3
For passengers 62.733,59
For mails 7,570.98
”
Total earning o $125,167/20
The entire runniug expennes of the Rood,
lor the yeur.vvere only 50,152,63
I leaving net earnings 675 014.53
O. tiissu.,;, s3i>, 000 00 were paid in dividends on lie’ ls-t
August lost; #15,011,53 were expended in the purchase
| of additional cars and Etiguu-s and the remaining *30.-
000,00 remain io be paid in dividends on the l>t of
Febuury next.
I’he whole number of miles run by the passenger
| trains in the year was 73,730, by height trums2B,l39, by
I other trains 9/200, making a total ot 111,069 miles. The
I average speed of the passeng* r trains was 16 miles per
1 hoar and ot u-iglit Hums 10 miles pci hour,
1 The total number of passengers c>nveyed on the cars !
during the year was 99,905 and tiro income from that
source it will be seen was greater than that even froiu j
freights. This is anew letiture in the history ol south- I
am rurliouJsund proves that the positron uftlie Macon
A Western Road is-uchasto insure, through all time ‘
’ u proliiable return to its stockholJeis. It it tuis, daring
; tlir first year of its operations, made #73000 upon an
outlay of a little over #600,000 surely when tlu* Stut
road Ins been completed, and the xxher c<mU ‘iii|ilat#d
improvements, alluded to ill the report, have beeu per
fected, the Macon A Western, will be lound to lie oue ot
the aiost piolruble roads m the Union.
It timet not be Ibrgotten ihut the eqmpineiit the last
year, according to the report oft he President, was whol- ;
ly inad* quite to the business w inch oflereJ. That
and llicalty no longer exists, und the equipment is now so ,
pet tret and soext'-nskve as to invite husmext to the road.
Tlie interests ol the company, too, will prompt them to
make extraordinary elioitsui secure an increased propor
tion ol the businessfrom the State Road It wiU h**s •n,
h> the if port, that th*- late President of tlie Company es
timates ths increased income, oonscquetit upon Uieooui
ph tion oi tlie dlatr iCoad, alone, at gVo.UUO |er auttutn,
II s arktiowlsdg-d aganty and experience are w<-ll ra
oufalfd io g.\ weifvhttoan opinion thus fearlessly and
‘opeolycxpri iM.il;* specially stratronul ilu* i
all ot-ol the road lets b n c vartctariz* Iby a for.-si : n !
Slid ttbiiii) , the Ir-at evidence of w hioh is c I’lUilif and ill tl<
. suecssof .he eutsrpnse wh.leiindeahi *#.mif**l.ss ms#*
• il steJ in thsdear, sitisUcmry and able report now giv
* #1 to the ptlhii**
It wdl h* s i that Ml. Tvt.r.R appropriately sc |
kr xwledges hi* obligation to tin- S ip••rinl*-iulani ot trails*
,*op.ation, M fortlie itnparnll lnt regularity <t i
i- op* r ‘im is of th* road und tor th** ec**n my an I *y.<-
| umi übwrve Ii the m msgein ml ot its affans As Uiut
able and -th * ent idlfaef w I • Mitimte nt the h and t ’ ‘
epuilui • *l, th.* piidi.c may snlely (I***l tho* th* y have n
bandsiit aesu.anccfor tin future in the * \p lieticeuf th*
j (OSt.
I Nor will the selection ol anew T.* * lent tend to di-
I utiniib public confidence in t'.n Coii'paov, l*r. *b!** s^
hul.ccit it>e OUHH li-irntion ofiKaAira, we ore pr-pat.
ed to look for even... : lavoMble rtmlia in blnre. The
New President . datlcnliy a man : —Hi* ,
who from long Inter? .'irsc W:tiinu rclnniaainl planir.
hastlrelrcntire cdnli ■.iccnudesteeni.aild will therefore
enter upon his duties under auspices peculiarly promising
Ilis well knowai energy of character mid his tittirc de
votion to whatever pursuit he engng a in, sre suflicient
earnest that Ins dutit a will be discharged with exactness
nnd thatc<-rre ponding fidelity attd pron.ptness will be
requiredofull those in su'n<*rdinttte stations.
The Unscoge* KaG RonJ.
At a meeting of the fttockb.rVulersof the above Coin
jitny nt Od'irnbus on th<. sth inst. Messers Jno. G
Winter, Robt. S. Hn;daway, John Bunks, H. S. Smith,
J. L. M<i.'Uini,P, T ?i : y id J M. CUainl>ers, w..
lected Directors. The Dem. crut saystjrat Mr. Win
ter wt> re-circled President, and that the Company ex
pect to receive prop. -;.lh lor grading an ! masonry by the
•20 iiret. We underetm and that t! M • and Western
Company have determined to cm; ) h ir original
design ol endorsing the Bonds of ihe Muscogee Com
pany lor $250,000, provided tlie oi iginal des.gti of build
ing die rood from Columbus to he carried
out in ginnl laith, and provide ’ tie contemplated ron
from Barnesville to Social Circ be aba nd unc l. 1 •
Mmc .. < t j y will probably give th ? •*'■ >
g j?. i v- ml .a . oil tin Hoad will l.’ u.!f.
Ge.i* i’uylor uid t?'.“ i’t io
The Washington Uom tpo:i Int of .. ew York
Journal ol’Comiuercc writing on the 21st u.t snj
“The letters which f hov** lately wen from (Inreml
F:.y ioi’s friends, of New Orleans, con firm all that 1
have heretofore stated, as to the fact that Gen Taylor,
mving consented to have hi*- uaiuc us?J asn candidate
or the Presidency, considers him - If r.;i pledged to the
people to be esudidute, no nvattei v. bo efee mfty be •
candidate,and whether he obtain o; e electoral vote or
all the electoral votes
“I may state also that on thebeetouihortty, there
.* good i a. <>n lor belKV.ng t “At. Air- Ci ty it. I toilh 1 ”
draw hi* name as a ca ul dit- for the l\ .idency
before the first day of March next
“ There can he no dcubt the Secret Circular which
preceded the Lexington ttieeting, has operated in Ken
lucky and in all lire Wc stem nnd Southwestern States
in favor of Gen Taylor aa u candidate for the Presi
dency.
“To show T . 1 ris going ahead, l will mention that,
n f. \v dayv a. .: t An* •p and : , while tic* Court of Ap
peu. Oi tilt- jsn.u ci • y nu - • • u, it wa*l
Übccriained Umt tire whole G ut nnd tveiy on? ol the
inemhersof th liar attending the Court, were in favor
of Gen. Tayloi a- the next President ; v. re in favor of
taking him on h;= own grmmds ; and were opposed toa
general W big National C< •.vcutiiwhich c ould do no
good to Gen. Taylor, and whose only purpe would be
again to defeat the hopes oi tire people by nominating
as a candidate one who cannot by any possibility bo
elected.”
3Jnyor of t oiti.nbits*
Our neighbors of Columbus have acted wisely in
elec ing our old friend and colaborer Samuel W.
Fl< trnoy mayor of their City. Flournoy iS a most
cap tal fellow and has been identified with their city
from its very comnrene me at. lie has liecu an unwaver
ing friend of internal it*iprov. nrents and will do doubt
cordially co-operate in every reasonable (flint which
may he made to conrjeet Columbus with nil Atlantic
Seaport.
Gen* ('ass und ihc Wilmol Proviso*
Gen. Cass has published a long letter in which he
takes decided grounds against the \\ ilmot P uVi.-j. I 1
is looked up us a preconcerted attempt on the pan of the
General and his friends, to “cm/ under'’ Messrs Dallas
and Buchanan, particularly with rei’ icnce to the Presi
dency. If tire purpose were not so apparent, it would
give lien. Cass a formidable position before the c untry.
but th? people have learned to lock upon mat g?. t
mail as an arraiit-tune-seiving-polit c.. .. a:;.; iiaw.i • y
uiiwoithyof puoi.ccoi.iidci.cc. lie ueuonts-s ..a;. 3. .
Van Lun n und Ins lollowcis m his eye as he seem - :.j
have t ikon most careiuhy tire u v rse of every position
assumed by that wing of tire Deim cincy.
I lie lease ol the Army*
The Committee on military afliurs in Congress have
reported two bilb, orre adding ten regiments to the
present twenty-jive regiments of the regular army nnd
the other nuthoiizing tire Preside! t to organize twenty
one additional regiments of volunteers. The N itioiuij
Intelligencer -ays :* that when this force is organized,
the army wiilbe swelled to between sixty ami seventy
thousand men !
Tennessee*
It appeais tioin the ib poll of the Coniptroiler of d'en
lirssec*,.. cr: t!y !r ‘b. : re the Lcgiskiture of tire StaL
that tire total habiiities of the Stale, drawing interest
on the first Monday of October last, were
and that the total | --duciive Stocks of the State draw
ing interest, were, at th’ same time, $1 37.430 61 By
this it will be seen that hie balanc a ts over liabil
ities is $1,403573The total receipts iuto the
Treasury aftlie Slate during the last two years, includ
ing the balance on hand at the commencement of the
period named, were $*'10.5.16.03. ihe disbursements
in the same time am unt J to .and .2,314.44 —leaving ■
balance in th Trea-uiy of 5^177,^61.73. — Baltimore
Aineric in.
i.*; ■ ‘<must Sau Lfii- i
Dates have been t. • ived at New Orl y tlie
Steamship JVortlund, > i• i\ . n C.uz to i. -lilt ult.
The only item ol ii'-ws, however, we learn trom the
Commercial Time v, “is the renewal of the report that
Gen. Scott was preparing on expedition to operate
against Querctaro. Tie- prevalent opinion, however, is
the i the Comtnander-ui-Chicf would immediately af
ter the arrival ol Gen. Ihitler nnd his command, make
a demonstration agamst San Lusa de Potosi *r Zacate
: css, or possibly on both It may be, that ‘he troops w ill
take Querctaro on their way to the othei two cities. ”
tUcu. ia. h r on Temperance.
A Mr. Carter *f Iv-ion has i:i . _iit p’ pr to inter-
I rogate Gen. Taylor touching his views and imho* with
regard to temperance. The old mail with cuaracter
istic brevity, und tlountness replies: “ 1 am myself vir
j tually an ohs -. vei ol the rule ot T*‘tal Abstinence, and
j find rny health and ability to endure hardships greatly
increased thtreby . but though in my own pu-son 1 ob
serve this habit, yet wh* uiwfd in moderation, I am
not an oppo.ieni iu the u -c of ardent spun*. ”
n: l U it y in Mt*ehca.
The rec< ption ol the il*ro *t >1 \co ;.i Xatclies
was extremely enthusiastic and tl tiering \lt**r the cer
emonies o; r ceptioii, the speech s Ac., were over the
i distinguished guest was conducted to apartments at
the City Hotel where the Courier any* the arene bog
gcred all description. Immense mtinbers of gen lemen
und ladies prereed lorward to greet him. The latter
finally took | “ ssion b***.y oi then lavourite, and nt
the lust accounts he was r*polled to have been almost
I “ kissed into tits. H
Gen Taylor in t outness,
Tlie Corn-sp* n !tit of the VmUnnure Vntrial writing
from Washington, m regard to the hits Taylor demon
stration there, remarks, that the ntiair terminated ju* t
ns the real friends oft he Old Hero desired it to do, and
lids:
V classification of tlie members of Congress, on tlie
subject of the I‘residcmy, •* published in Home of the
newspapers, 1 perceive, but is n* w tde of tire tine mink
as any thing possibly could Ik*. 1 cun unsure you dial,
when the piopcr time umves, a lutg* majority of the
Whigs ot both House ot C*ngi< will be touud m lu
vorot running General Z\ i.aby Tava-oii—an l nobody
else—at the Whig csiididute tor the i'rcsideiicy
Many,or mosl ot th* m woukl, of cottiae, greatly prefer,
with “Ol*l U* ugh und In iiilj*’ b iased, to sec Uc.vrv
C'lav • ccupylug Lii rui.„ .iiiuith u. Hut Mr. C.ay
w ill n*l U* a c iirdiduic. ‘i li rr.> conting* “cy w ..,c.i
could cause him to yield to tire wish* * if hs rnn.> 1. 1
that pur|K)M*, will not liapp. ,i If me Gen. 1 ..y * r
will bs the WUg caiululak. If* cannot he beet,!..
ItuilrotnU m ilu \* w I i.u urul NliUt *.
Ry a cm* fui t unmrinn* n * t the radioml* m the N*sv
Engtaml States it is u c *ttamed that then* ore •,t0
mn * fm.Micil, or m pi*4i *8 consttucnon, N**v.
1817 Mhh of its- uufin.sin dr< ads, rl is ptisuturd,
wdl be Completed by the end * i 1 > l <
The I* Mowing isalHiut tlie number* f miles rnilrood
in eu* hot the above six atuus, contantiiigalUtg'-Uter tin
urea f 61,731 sq.,are mil* *.
States. .Miles Raftroad* Area Square miles.
Maine, 900 3<),UK)
New llfmiimhire, 173 9,194
VermotH, 3,0 9,05#
las-ucli M*tts, 900 7 500
Connectirst, 3*iu 4j>74
Rh*d* Isinud, 73 I^6o
lh sides th*- shove, there aie * vrrul hundsrd miles
of railroad projected, im whk h charters have U en ob
tained The- cfl pi tat sln-ridy invest* J m raiirond* in the
New England biates i *i.pp* ‘<r amcni.it t* - ’
00n,uon — # V Y L nnmercvjl
\fr. fch-V/N Arrival nt Washington.
4
Mok the Unite 1 Staten I lot -i lit* wnn re
c ,ved with every poMih: • demonstraijoaoi rvlpect and
kindness, both by the citizcnsand members * l tony.ess.
Tin- I*relideuta I I'* var.
In the House oi Rcpreseutal.vea lr. Houston oi
Delaware oill*; *,l r. adutio&s cum, hai >ry to lien.
Taylor anil the army for their conduct at Buena Vista.
Mr Ht.M.Ey.of Indiana, mov and to odd the words, in
‘a war for tiie just rights and honor oi the country.
Mi. Asumun, of Maas , moved to auienJ the amend
ment, by adding the words, “ in a war unconstitutional
ly and unnecessarily begun by in? Pres. I nt 0* th'*
United Suites.”
i’li • iasl amendment w’■ ***l4* . and to, yens 83, NaybSi
Mr. Cobb of Georg: i, gave n -tuv ol a d.-s.gn to dis
cuss ili'* question, so th* who! ■ mailer was laid ov r.
M..\eineut oi llio Army.
Gen. Cass, in his speech in the Senate, on the 3d inst.
ucco.hng lo tiie corrt poll t *nt ol the Charleston
Courier*stated, “ that the next movement ol our forces
ill Mexico, would be to take posse ion ol the mining
listricts, with a view to the encouragement of the
. sing business, and th * collection ol a revenue from
-.imc. He said also that our troops would proceed
i take possession of * . cral important points in the in
ol the country, us sup; sted by the Secretary oi
\V ai in his report.
“ Mr. Cass also .'t it and, tk ... the v. tore force oi Regu
lar an ! Volut.t* its, now in Mexico, Califo n i, &c.,oi
n rout". was 13,73d; but lliei * are Vhfi'-HA; on Gene.a*
Scott s line of operations from Vera Cruz to the Cap
ital.”
‘t he Telegraph.
W* learn with pleasure that the wires beiwc u Fay
etteville and Kaioigh are up,and ready lor operation,
end the work ie rapidly progressing from these points
North and South There is every probability that befor*
1 end ol th ~ mcirdi, trill he instant com
munication icith Portland, in the State oj Maine. —
Charleston Courier.
Georgia u.i Philadelphia*
Th * Philadelphia A n th American, one of the
ablest papers in ihe nation, acknowledges the receipt and
ofa copy of Mr. Holcomb's report of the preliminary
s i v y of tin- Soutii YVe.-trr:: Rail itoad and alter giving
t!v* general fact - which it c >n* i; n mi x is follows:
“ The import nice of such a ram >n i, catting through
some ol the richest cotton lands of Georgia and Ala
bama, and actually connecting the Gulf and the Atlan
tic, will be perceived at a drought;ml its interest wil*
be t It by the merchants of Philadelphia who desire to
establish direct steam relations with the Southern sea
ports. There seems but little doubt but that tile whole
route will he completed and in operation within a lew
years.
“ The people of Georgia have exhibited unusual spir
it in internal improvements, and a particular thrift in
building, and managing railroads with economy and
success. It is to the honor of that State that she has
already constructed about 600 miles of railroad, owned
almost exclusively by her own citizens, and built from
their own resoui c- s. This is the more remai kable when
weco.H It tii ■ comparative thin iMs of the popula
tion—a planting and agricuituiai one too—'entered
over a vast area, ol which so large a portion is unculti
voted. Such enterprise was never displayed in vain;
and Georgia is on the march to wealth and greatness.”
racial Murpheys*
The Editor of th.* Alarum Journal, in his paper of
th, ‘..i inst. aek iuwl eg *s t .e receipt,from Mr. Jud
kins ol Mt. Meg's o’ a d.sh anew Irish Potatoes
The editor says “ They were of large size and fully ma
tured in gtuwm auJ flavor. They were grown in the
open air and without any forcing process.”
Mnokii.g 1 lum.iev v .
Ourhiend, Di Lee, Editor oi tie* Southern Cu'tlva
t r n:'s m the if c -niber number ol that invaluable
w j*k,th • follow ngremarks on an important subject:
j “ The draft of a chimney i3 made by the asc nt of
waun or In i. ted air from a room into a colder atmus
j phere above the house. When a brush heap is s ton tire
;n a stid atmosphere, the cold air rushes .n o.i all sides and
the flames ascend in an acute cone to a ,i\ut height.—
Build a tire in a fire place,and why An uid one form ol
throat to the chimney, and ol sti uclu.e in the latter, draw
better than another ? Precisely lor the reason, that a
stove will draw better when *is door is closed, leaving a
i small aperture at its bottom through which the equili
j brium is sought to be restored by the rushing of air from
without into the stove, and the open space above. The
aperture between a fireplace and the chitlin y s.'icum
not exceed one-thud tne volume oj t.ie opening
tumuU the chimney to Us top. in constructingchim
nies in the cities of the titate ot New Vork.it is now
the universal practice to carry up the outlet from each
fireplace seperate from nil others in the stack. The
draft is made by constructing a small throat or a narrow
aperture, between the air in the room and that in the
chimney and above it. An open Fkanki.in stove will
smoke if its outlet from the fireplace to the roof out doors
is of one uniform volume —at least it is quite apt to.—
Change the relation so ns to make the entrance of the
>ir i"to the stove much smaller than its outlet, and a
i 114 draft will be formed at such entrance. Such are
tiie tacts as verified by experience. The reason is the
• t difference in the weight of dense and rarefied air.
c centra ted movement at any point where the equili
brium is restore I, is unavoidable, for the same reason
that a light cork, pressed down totto* bottom ofa buck
et of water, rises quickly to the top, ii left to obey the law
of its specific levity or gravity.”
Another WotMlerfnl Press*
A Mr. William Heaton, o! New York, has invented
a printing press, which it is said is calculated to print
off* eight sheets iii a single revolution of the cylinders
taking an impression on both sides of each sheet. The
number of sheets which it is estimated that it will print
in an hour, is not less than twenty thousand. The
w ear of the types is also tofcc diminished by the inven
tion.
Southern Mc*lin<!it Conference.
The North-Cnrnlina Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, South,closed its annual session at
Fayetteville, N. C. on the 21th ult. Between 70and 80
preachers were in attendance. The report of the state
of the Church in the State showed 13910 cal preachers;
mu 30,308 wh't* and 7.750 c-do**;-1 member*.
Dcmorvatic Natioi.ll. ft o.nei t on.
The following named delegates were appointed by
the convention of the party 111 Milled* ville, to repre
sent the IVniocrncy of Georgia in the National Dem
ocratic Convention, viz:
For the State at lar-.l —M. Hall McAllister
Esq and Hon. A H. Cliap|>ell.
i* i'R tub DisTiitTs. —Messrs. T. M. Forman, H. L.
Henning. JS. Pmckuid, VV B. Pryor,C. J McDonald.
Win. 11. Hull, F 11 Cone and E H Baxter.
A Soldier’s lir**t Fiuht*
A young soldier of the 7th Infantry, describing his
first fight,at die National Budgem Mexico, says: “My
feeling* at the fust tire lam unable todesei.be. 1 did
not feel inclined to iuii, yet was afraid to fire for fear
I should kill somebody —but alter two or three round a
j it was all over, and 1 fired away with the rest of them.”
Direct Taxation.
Th# Washington Union, the great organ of the au
ministration, iu a late number, •< fared that “there can
he no dou 1 that DiRE< T TAXATION iaeaeential
ly t.emaat.c, ami has only to be brought before the
people 10 and tavut with the u > uriu.”
*. otutnntiouß.
The Ptes.d tn sent in to th donate for ootifintiation
the following uoaiuit.l on.—Dr D-tvis, of indtaimn
CocmmsHuiiiii Kr Cl no , M Rowan, of Kentucky,
ukrg* do EffsuS 10. N ip..*s, 411 1 Dr. Niles, ol New
\ o.k , (vto bsiievi ) ior Su.dmia,
I letup
j A uietchtnt at Ht f m wi tling to the editor o| tin*
Cmc iiiu ti Gin- ti* . ant *i he ni"St careiutiy foitned
estunatfot th** hemp crop of die Missouri riv< r, gives
u.c product this year ns in found numbers, at 1 3, 0ut 1
tons. Audio tin s lie* product of the whole Vv e-t lie
sule, winch may Is- m i down ol 1 i 0 4* t< 1 s, and you •
j have on amount equal to 3 fiftM) ton*. F “in this deduct |
tl. quantity us* and hi the VV\st 411 mm 1 a.-tur**. my
UjffUU tuns, mi l you liav.* fu • xpoit fioiil IB.IKHI to
21),QU0 tons, or inoie than equal to the requirements of.
nil ti"rlliern s*-upott*, and leaving a considerable quan
tity for cx|H>rt.”
A Man tluil is a turui*
Hie man whom 1 call dessi vriig th M name, i* on*
wlaxM- thong ts nui ex’ ition* uel >1 ran ra her Man
li ““It, whose hgli pit*pose in adopted tri just princi
ples, ad never abandoned while heaven cud earth of
turds means of iK-comphslimg it. ile is oaewliwwiil
in itlier serk nn ftktav< t advantage by asp. eious road.
n>r take Sit rvd'psili to secure n real gisnl purp*****. ‘
Sir !1%//rr Scott I
Mr. Clay noCnnli a’o.
A Washington letter in th \ w- Vik Mu cor aay ;
“lh vayusfind un inters. w with a warn fit net of
Mr. city, who yesterday icc*\ • a letter Irani th
great ‘Harry of the West’ in winch that eminent
statesman deel ares that he will not run for the Pics
. deary in opposition t > G. acral Tay'tr. Tins fact may
be leb i on, and to anm uk* ‘iiieul is i.-c ived hereby
the Wing p ty proper, w ith the ulmo-t sat side;;>n.—
lr. Clayiscxi cl* Jto arrive ai lb • c p.utl in n fey.
days, and it is generally believed that he will publish u
card in accordance with th - abov sialenient.”
The Florida Legislature*
The follow p•• i.n ,!.• 1 1 res: !:is r-fi-iitv. to
tii? aoutti Western Railroad wet ~rd?red m the’ 3d
inst. to bs spread upon th* 1 Journals cf the i’foridn L ■<;
islature by an almost unanimous \ te t
Wherea-i, it lias ie ?n m/i J. known, that appiitMtbi .
about to be, or will shortly !>?, made to th? Gen td As
sembly ot th? State of Florida, for th 1 chartering of the
following Rail Road Companies, to s\ . n ! ‘ tilroau
Company already organized fit th • State n ma,
lot the purpose of erecting a road from the c. y i Mont
gomery, in that State, to the city ol IVasaeolu, in tins
State ; and the Railroad Company in the State ol Geor
gia, known us the Bouth-western Railroad Company,
having in ce.itrmplation the en ction of a road beginning
at Mac ni in Georgia, theue? pi.-t.-ing through, or near
the town of lVrry, thence through or near tin* town of
Cuihbert, tlieu e *igin ft South-west direction an I
crossing the L . lie River, between the thirty
and thirty -ti .. t North latitude, running near
or through tiie city of Marinnna in Florida, and thence
to the town of St. Andrews, situated on the bay of th *
same name: And whereas, deeming both of said roads
ol incalculable interest to Florida ami th* adjoining
States, and especially the latter one, as affording tiie
means ol transporting merchandize and agricultural pro
ducts to and h o.n the Stales bordering on tin* Atlantic,
and those bordering on the Gulf, and overcoming, to a
great extent, the many difficulties and haz rds which at
present exist, in the way of our commercial vessels
wh ch have to sound the well known rugged and dan
gerous coast in the neighborhood ol the Florida Keys, in
passing in and out of th? Gulf, and thereby saving an
nually an immense deal ot lil* and tie isure, and advanc
ing the great and va.ied interest of Hus portion of the
country, and promoting the acquisition i | that private
wealth, u|K>n which onpn < ><-* national j*- •*.'•* -
a ! must always oc dependclu : cii . ... iioaa
ru .nag i.. in Aiacoii to o, A iUi, w v\, n , .cc the
time ol travel from Macon to Pensacola, from six days
down to about fourteen hours, and connecting the city
ol Savannah with Pensacola, by an almost uninterrupt
ed Railroad communication, thereby affording the de
partments at Washington, additional facility lor the
transmitting of orders to the Gun Squadron of our Na
vy: and also affording the means of transporting aims
and munitions of war from any point cast of Savannah
or Charleston, to >iu Navy in the Gull of Mexico, or any
portion of th A *.iy which are, or might be,stationed
on the Gull Coast, in the event that the entrance from
the Atlantic into the Gulf might be cut off', or blockad
ed, in time of war, by a foreign enemy : And Whereas,
deeming, it a wise and just policy on the part ol Con
gress, to make all needful appropriations, not inconsis
tent mith the provisions of the Constitution, for carry
ing out such works of Internal Improvement as would
not only promote tiie interest of a large portion of our
population, hut also advance the general interest and
prosperity ot ihe nation: And whereas, most of the
lanUM over winch said Roads would run, are very poor
and not p.oina.;Le lor cultivut on, unJ irom whieti the
gem rnigove rrnient c m never receive any g. eat amount
ol ri venue : be it theieiore.
■ y Hie Senate and House of Representa
tives of ti ■ Si Hr il Florid i, in gen > i. . i > u .y
convened, That ou. rienatois ui Congress ot iiisiiuc.e .
and oui ii- p.. sentatiVe- j. qin*sted to endeavor tt have
an act passed hy Congn-ss, granting and v.iig to
saru Comp my or lompunn s, in the event th it both or
any one oi them should eit c said Road o. Roads every
altenia**’section < I p tMic land in t!ie Strue ol Florida
over w .i.c.l sard t i uds should pas-, winco nave not been
otheiw.se apptt pualed.
Be it urtner Resolved, That a copy of the above
preamble anp resolutions be forwaid * to the President
of tiie United Slates, and loeachof our Senators and
our Representative in uongivss.
Gt o. iU Conference.
Apjiointm r i,ls oj Pi euclters for
Augusta District—Josiah Lewis,P. E. ; Savannah,
W. Chap pel, Allied T. Mann. Andrew Fhuppel ami
Chan. A. Fulwood ; Springfield Circuit, F. F. Reynolds*
Jncksonboro and Scriven Mission, I> Blalock and A
J. j.th ;W* y : • Cncu.t, J. P. Duncan; Louis
ville Circuit, W. Graha u ; Augusta, J. E. Evans and
T. F. Pierce; Columbia Circuit, R. L-n? ; Columbia
Mission, J. S. Duna , Lincohiton Circuit, J. W Knight;
Lmcolnton Mission, to be supplied; Washington, J. M.
Boimell;Wilkes Circuit, J. 11. Echols; Warrentou
Circuit, Allen Turner ; Sparta Circ it, .V. P Arnold;
Hancock Mission,J Jones; Burke .Lsaioo A J Rey
nolds ; Jefferson Mission, to be supplied.
Athens Distr.it —-H. P Pitchlord, P. E., A, was,
Samuel Anthony, otic to be supplied; Lexington Cir
cuit and Oglethorpe Mission, A Ne**se and R. W. Big
ham ; Elberton Circuit, J. E. Cook andß. A. Conner;
Factory Mission, E. L. Stephens; Carnesville Circuit,
11. Crawford ; Madison Mission, A J Orr ; Watkn.a
viile Circuit, A. Ray and A. J. Deavers; Greenshoro
Circuit, William H Evans; Madison Circuit, W. II
Hebbard ;Cov ng. * i m l Oxford Circuit, J.C.Siin
monsand L. J. *, Manroe Circuit, J. W. II Al
len; Emory College, Augustus B. Lougstreet, President,
and Alexander Means. Geo. W. Lane and O. L. Smith,
Professors,and W. J. Parks, Agent.
Gainesville District.—J. W. Glenn,P. E ; Gaines
ville Circuit, J H Anthony; Lawrenc<*ville Circuit,to
be supplied ; Clarkesviile Circuit, D Williamson and
Stephen Shell; Duhlonegu Circuit, W. A Smith, one
to be supplied; Clayton Mission, to b * suppl ed;Hi
waasee *lrssion,to be supplied .Murphy Mission, tube
supplied ; Elijah Mission, to be supplied.
Marietta District —U. Kenau, P. E.; Marietta,
C. R. Jewell; Marietta Circuit, W. J. Cotier, on** to be;
supplied ;Cassvrlle, J. Knowls ; Rome.J. T Suiitli
Oothcaloga, S. J. Belluh; Suiumervil<e, J. ii. Ewing *
Lafayette, W. G. Parks; Spring P..is, W. A. Sim
mons ;Du lion, to be supplied ; Van Welt Mission to
be supplied ; Powder Sp-mg Cc if. J lI.CQ i'M*in
La Grange District.- —j. ii. t E., Lu
G.ung , Jomi VV. Ta. y , Gieenviiie, W. A Flo -lice •
and S. <d'iillian; Troup, T. 11. Whitby, one to h • sup
plied ; Zebulon, M Purefoy and N . N Allen ; Griffin-
L. II Coldwell; MeDoiiougli, J Simmons ; Jackson.
J. 13. Wardlaw: Decn ur,J W. Yarborough and J. W
Hinton; Newnau, N. Smith, one to be supplied.
Franklin, W. Moreland ; Carulton, J 13 Smith ; Fay
etteville, A Dorman; Coweta Mission, L. W .Carrol;
Meriw. iii. r Mission, R Stripling.
Macon District.—lsaac Boring, P. E Macon, G.
J. Pierce ; Mucun c. iofed people, 11. II M**<dneen ;
Vineville, W R Branhuin ; Milledgeville J V Turner -
Eatonton.C. W. Key , Eatonton Mission,to be supplied,
Clinton, W. 13 Monticello, Eustace Spear; For
syth, W W Rolunson ; Colloden, S, M Smith , Fort
Valley, A. Pemiingtou : Perry, F. N. Uaggerly ; Fort
Valley Mission, T. C. Coleman ; Uckinulgee Mission,
J. Duuwooily ; Wesleyan Female College, VV 11. Kill*
son, President, and E. II Myeis, Prolessor.
C LUMttUi UiiTßicr —J. timing, P E. <•
F Pleice, v'oluibus Mi>s. oil, M 11. VV hilt* , Tuibot.o ,
W. D Martins; Tumoiton Circuit, J. B. Jacks n,
Troiii ist.il Clicutl. M. Beilah , Hnniillon Circuit, E
VV R y one o be *<ppne 1; M
P. J \in an IJ. A A pp; iguiu , h uipam. I, (•. R
VV’igg.ns, • uih> t and Fort Guinvs, 1 1 T.iur and
G. W. Craven ,Ci irkcsville, A C BiUilvr; M uiraj, J,
T T liy mili (1 ‘1
Chittiiiioce.iee Mi t n, Vv B.ooxs.
Jxirtu-oNULLt Du!.*:•.*■F. D Low y, P E
Jefi isouvill<*, J. J gn. n 1 i Wright; liwi gio.i, to
be suppu* i, Si if *.*viiie, R E. CHm and J i, (a>-
•*>ii ; TelLiir J D Ai > ns, Vienna, t.i fi • supplied ,
Rodv. ,J. .vi -l i nud.ii.n viueuiidJ ien,J. N.
Farm r: Duhim Miss on, J. F. FUndeis; Euiuitttel
Mksmo.i. A ttiuMon.
i< IV.ec. A i-Ut AiUt'iiuftO D<bU* t 6 cvty ; T Sum
fold tran*i. ii .l to Lou-uni’i Conic :**uc • ,T. C. Sun
l*y, Clnpluni L'.S Navy, C. Tu*el, VV. M Crum
IfyiiiilC li. liny*, K*it w on uppmutin’iit iii r *t>n-
* a <|iii*iM:>; oiMl-lwfultii ,J * ‘ A. U 1441. H, i)|* N.iuir* mi
ac'M.u-i *l • nls iill non, T l) I’m l*y, i* li without
on mp ntm-nt by order of the iVnt r*n*
Next Cotitermic; to ltK*et m Au,iutfi. .hminry **\
mr
\iiVi üb** ( otam tin lent lon.
TV Bcietiliti • * i.i'* ir n )• tlmt a eonipai.viaa
bout to be (ormini in New Yutk.Jor nn tir- üb. to l<
Inul between tint city and Boston, lor tli** traiiPj>orttkn
of in* find |iic*h, in ccniite.’tiofi with the Air*
line KailrimJ. Tut nil i* t*xhnuet< and out ol tlie* pipe umi
i* titled clow to (lie tuU* nnd lie mr h t in behind, win*it
wny through tit** rctfion olvuru > the iwircrl wing* it
! onward w. v --fall Autumn
byfJov.T,,, I
L D -Vl*C. qtnpVll. , lf c “”* I
[ VV.u, W. Wlfli:„,J*. K .|. ■
II J. 0. WKhnoiv Bo ,k K pot i |
AM !I I.ton, In p.. c iu: Ol I
L).. T. Fort.Phys.clan of j u I
Rev. F. .Bicobs,L'tiapUin oi I
.1 ’.in I, jw.n *v. Mini ,;y S, „ . K ft
I* I
p‘ 1* | TANARUS,.,,, , I
Dr. 11. K. Greene, ) I
-larnn an.! Hc,n„ I
ATi.AM'A, 1,,, , * ■
At ain • .ling of the g. n'euieu i, lVlt :‘ ‘ S
o il;j JioULiu u! ih■■ Macon and \ V ‘ ■
held ai Thoiupscti's Hou I. 1 “
n.i ,n .'.Min, Mr ('iurlis Cotiox. ,f ~ ■
i > ili - Umir, ami T. R. rJ, *‘ ■
uctOM .S.crotaiy. *' r ".-
fl.r < Hairmun ai.|int. .l ih.'f, J || (lw , I 9
eotuiu.t to i -port on tlm coiij.ii,,,, „ f ,^’j’ ■
.1. li. iv. ’V AStil >0 iO.N, of Mac. II 9
1. X. Whittle, 9
J!. B. Weed, I
A. VV. Lanudon, “ New Vo,k I
1. D. Waunek, “Cliail ui I
.... ‘-‘“mmou. ■
ill” l hairimin was on Uioimn, u ,| u ■ ■
cooiuiiltce. u "‘
Alter n !.;'!>’ c . the H
report.-.l tin.. ■ . ..ad passed overihe emirc
til’ R.u.l, and examined, na wen as and.„„
‘ y could H
>ts c*.uai l l ic<! —and fiubimttcd to the n.. cu*.-, { \ H
“it. resninlioiw, winch were unanini.iusly^ a ii,!,!!’ I
Uranircd, That we are much aniiito I |9
Rnd ami all its ti|>pn,U'nat:c.'3 wed Hut„ .
t-'"i .i'U t'’ ami mi. s.-i.i. “p.'iamio euo v w
tilts rentalkahie atlcmiiin and skni a, 1H lu , H
and a liigli state el tinaiicial prosperity TANARUS, T* H
‘ up,. Uiu.icc oi 11, un *SB and order, ~, t
ilifMUgliM-i! the line hast iicnei! oui uiiq.ial.t; |H
lion -i 1,;,t we Icive examined died. poi.s,t„, „
lie* eg.ucs the height mu! i v- lxulk car
e.|ii piiii-ms of the Road, and find them m ; ' i . |
be iut itui order, and uusurpas*^ A in n[ .
ment by any thing ol the kind south oj the IV
Resolved, Ti.rn with sucli - videi.ces ol M!l .
luie u.*-, we cannot retrain from eApi>*si, lir ~ ra|
b * *ns, our lng! appreciation the dis-.m r. i: ,. ; t Wt
y and worth oi the late President Cup:. [) ~
LLK—to \\l. * ... I.ev mon ... H
the fine practical know.'d ; * H
peiintemlenl ol the line) the gieat credit 0 i H
the li. ad ;o its present state of pi :!• etc n a:i 1 , H
ty, is chiefly iue. Thai, us Imcihls ot the R,
deeply regret the loss of Cnpt. Tvllr's iirvaiH
vie**s, wild.* at the same time, we congratuiau-H
< * ‘ii pany oil then good folium* in seeming a m fl
'i ui lire person ul ISA .C Ool)T f, Uicu, a ,',.1
and -at, who ill our opinion is SO well qualified t
the high ivputation, which under the late imm... M
they have hud the good fortune to enjoy. ■
Resol red, As the sense of this meeting that the “M
Ruud should he completed to the Tennessee Kivl
without delay, and that the time should be soairaiJ
as to run in unbroken connection with eachotth-oihj
K‘>uds teinijiating at this point—and that whe .1
importain arrangements are completed (us we
sined they soon will be, under the energetic nranal
ment of (iov Towns and the present Chief EnuiniJ
h-“ advantages aceiuing to Central atul Lower G* I
: will be greatly multiplied, and the profits ol a, ]
! Road- coLceined much increased. H
On .iioi.ori o L. N. Whittle, L**q. th* thanks ui
me t.i g :.te p.tjeuted !o Un. I’lesia* r.i, L't.. eu i- <j
Ou.je.s - I i.k* At eo:i ,i VV.--t.-r • K -ad,
kJidii.'-A a id ho<, .winy to us ua ili.* ti;u .s,u:i j
p cSei.t vis t to Anuuta. Wm
T. e ,;io i;;.g .ivi/ju.ned a lie; r questing that a t
“* ns c*eling nc mi maned m me .vl wuii,
and Atlanta papers.
CHARLES COTTON, Chairman.
T. R. Bmo.u, Secretary. H
Destructive Fire in Albany* I
We are indebted to the Albany Courier, Extra oi
3d inst , for the following particu’a.s ofa ut>i ui-:;.
lire, which occum-d intiiat piac* on the Ist insulin H
“! hi Saturday iu_bt asr, U tween tin hours ol
1-, our c.u/.'i.s were moused by the alarm cry c:"a.'‘.*,H
w .i.eh w.is found i- uiTtg tK.m the twostoiy lu.cix
ing, on tiie corner ot Broad and VVabhmgioii su--
lie* lower tenements ol w,i eh were occupi. uoy .fi H
Hunt & Pynelion as a dry goods store, and Capt. .Vea-H
man as a billiard room and confectionary, tiie upper
lloor was used lor luw offices and Mas-.; .c
The h *ig!it es the bu.idmg. : w- llasth 1 * •• uieH
tire on me roof at tne time of its u.sc ve > \ v
any ati to exiinguisn it. ‘l ire uliisu uuj c.:.-H
Z’ lis, liifiefi.- , we 1 e directed to saving wiiat
they might be able from ihe stores, blowing up buiid-H
ings in the line ol'tiie lire<imd protecting the
oil th>* opposite sid.* of tfie stieets. The lire
i:s eouise, however, down B.oads'ieet, lovvar*:-
hv r. t< the City Hotel, the last house on that suk “IB
the street, and up Waslimgtoii street to the livery .• H
hie, e ifi-uming a ware-house and several siuaii fiuu-Hj
ings. ■
‘Ha : our city lx-en iuniished with engines,
e-uiid have been extingui-lieii ooner, but -a a ted to
we were, our citizens ..... 1 almost t. • xhaustior.
w ithout being able 1 c .phsh much— I>tunau\;
loss $30,000. ■
‘ Among iu e cis who rendered their assistant-
ami lies. 1\ e tfi ~i.uik- ol 11 r eitizt ns. we notieedlj; - H|
Butts ol the Magnolia, who rendered good servi” -
itlovviiig up the buildings, thereby lessening tle .un
ger on the opposite side ol the street.
” \ L'Mll'iiiaii intoiiiis us that the explosion, ill ino**v -HR
ing up the bui dings, was heard 25 miles.” B 9
EBTIMAIE OF LOOSES. ■
Mr. Randall of Conn $5,000 insuranceH
. J'*ae Tucker, 5,000 no ins. H
Welch Nelson,druggists 150 “ H
MaMunc Lt'vige iVi. Chapter 400 ” ■
H. J. Cook’s smith-shop 3>o “ H
VV VV Hull 0 ” ■
John Sapp 2,000 “ I
Merrett &. Niles 5,000 ■
George B. King z,OUO ” B
L. Sondheim 7,000 “ B
M. S. Waitxfelder 6,000 “ ■
D. A. Vason’B Law office.... 1,200 “ I
Mr. Vrv*on |!:f* ms .* fit ha* a *•!■• I'*fe “i ,i;i ■
court p lpeis lit* Had 111 l.i pxS W.u w* “U.i’ B
to establish them. • I
John Sma lien 700 ” B
Drs. Diekmsoti A Nelson. ..... 300 ” B
T. H Mill* Hl .Soil, N V 5..W0 |” inaurW. ■
L'*ster dc Kamsdole, NY.... 3,(NN) fl
Hunt A Pynelion 8,000 “ B
‘l’hese gentlemen were fortunate enough to save •” B
ilieir books, papers and money. B
P. J. Struaer 10,000 no iinumnce 9
13 O. Keaton 500 I
Win. Glover ol Augusts, 500 I
Estute of S. T. Mallory 600 I
S|rt'uker*liip ol Ike House. I
The following hat of ull th Speakers sleet ot
Stales House ol Representatives, and the •ermsoftn f,r |
service, will be found of interest. S
174D to 1701, Frederick A. Muhlenburg, IVnn I
I7‘Ji to 1703, Jehu Trumbull, Ceiin. I
1703 10 1705, Frederick A. Muhlenburg, P* n - I
171*5 to I7W, Jonathan Dayton, N. J I
HtfJ lu idOl, I'heiKlore Sedgw ek. Mm*
1-mi to liW7, Nathaniel Mutoi, N t
lflt'7 ti 16H, Jawph it. Vsiuutn, H.
lili to 1014, IFniy Clay, Ky.
lJil iu ii 3, Lu. 4 fun Lu'.vc*, £3. C.
Is j 10 ls*u, uemyCisy, Ky
H:v 10 IH2I, John VV iaylor, N. Y.
1821 to 1823. Pinup P Baibout, Va
1823 to 1525, Henry Ciny, Ky.
1825 to l*J7, John VV. ‘laylor, N Y
18;7 to 1834, Andrew Stevenson, Va
1831 to 1.135, John Bell, Tnn.
18.15 to 1 *3B, Jumes K Folk, T* nn
lr3J U) 1841. Rohe I M T. ilunUT , Va
1811 to IBt3, John Wltite 1 Ky.
1843 to John VV. Junes, Vs
1815 to 1847, John VV Dnvis, Indians
1817 to —, KufcertC. WmtbH - M**
F o n tli. it will Vt found, that Uto Slateslwß cl
joyed the St*nk< rsh.pas followh;
IVuiftylvaiuu, 1 Hp-aker, 4y< sp*
Connecticut, 1 “
Jersey, I ** 4
Mnsrtarhiis'tts, 3 M
N. rtli Carolina, 1 ” ‘. ®
lviTiraCi>, 2 •’ B
.South Carolina, I *
New York, 1
Virgut. I ‘* W
I'eßti wee. 2 ** *
Indinnn, 1 ‘* *