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JOURNAL & MESSENGER.
S. T. CHAPMAIf & s. HOSK, Editor*.
TiXTiTeciiii.
To the honorable the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of the Unit'd States of America in Con
cress ase tabled:
The memorial of the Alabama, Florida and Georgia
Railroad Company respectfully repreaenta
That in the winter ol 1834-'3f> the Mid company was
incorporated by th* general assembly of the Stute of Al
abama That the object of the company was to con
struct a railroad from the ciiy of Pensacola, in Florida,
to Montgomery, now the capital of the State of Ala
bama. That the aaid company, immediately after ob
taining its charter aforesaid, was authorized by the
governor and legislative council of the Territory oi Flor
ida so construct iheir road from the boundary line be
tween Alabama and Florida to the waters <>f Pensacola
bay That the aaid company, in the latter part of the
year 1836, commenced operations, which they were
compelled to abandon in 183d, after an expenditure
of a large sum. in consequence of the pecumaiy embar
rassment ot that period, which not only paralyzed indi
vidual enterpriz**, but seriously affected the operations of
the government.
Your memorialist* feeling confident that the enter
prise m which they w*-- then engaged, and which
they were cotnpeiled to abandon temporarily, was one
of great iinpormnce.not only to the section of the coun
try wh'cb the comiemplated road and its brandies
would traverse, but to the whole Union, resol veil that
they would renew their exertions at a more propitiom
period Your memonauats, believing that time to have
arrived, as a preliminary step towards the renewal oi
their exertions.sppued to the general assembly of the
State of Alabama, at fls recent session, lot aa exten
sion, of the limitation in which the work was to be
completed ; and that legislature, being aware ol the im
portance and utility ot the proprwed road, promptly
extended the tune for its completion to 1852.
Your memorialists now’ propose, under n new or
ganiza ton, top.osecute their work with all the vigor
and means they can command . and knowing ns they
do, that the completion of the proposed rood would b.
ot immense advantage, not only m a national but in a
pecuniary view to the general government, would res
pectfully ask tor it the favorable considerations ot your
honorable body.
Your memorialists will briefly advert to some ot the ad
vantages they would deem would accrue to the general
government by the construction of the proposed road
Tne road will traverse about the middle space between
the Alabama and Chattahoochee rivers, and will pass
through large bodies ot public lands which are now val
uless tn consequence of their isolated position, and Mill
be so in nil time to come, uufess facilities to market are
created by railway communication, thereby 11 creasing
the sales of the public domain and giving value to tho*
lands which have been m market 18 or 20 years, at the
minimum puce, without a bidder. In addition to
which, it woulu cause populous settlements of a w ild
and uncultivated countty, which your memorialists wm
show of a paramount importance to the general gov- i
eminent i;i that section ot the Union It being con
trary to the policy ot our institutions to have large stand
ing armies, it follow’s that,in tune ot war and invasion,
we have to rely on what has been termed the bulwark
of our liberties, the citizen soldiery The harbor ot
Pensa ola, since the acquisition ot Florida, lias been
considered by the most distinguished military engi- ;
iieers of the country as the point tTappui ol the gui! ot
Mexico, from whenee the vast commerce ot the
sippi and ns tributaries has tube protected and defend
ed from the aggression of an enemy. That the harbor
of Pensacola is viewed in that light by the general gov
ernment, your memorialists have only to refer to the
large appropriations that have been made, from time
to tune, to place it in a state of defence, and which de
fences are now nearly completed ; and also to the fact
that there is a large and extensive navy-yard located
there, which is now being placed in a situation to afford
facilities tor refitting and repairing the national ships
that resort tluther,and where a dry rock is contempla
ted to be built.
Your memorialists would suggest, that it will appear
by the annual reports of the Engineer Department for
several years past, that the fortifications erected in the
harbor ol Pensacola arc comparatively useless without n
speedy and direct communication with the interior
of Alabama, clearly demonstrating that the
•road, independent ol other considerations, becomes in
dispensable in the general plan ol the defence ol the
gulf of Mexico.
Your memorialists would further represent, that the
construction of the said road would cause a large popu
lation to locate at Pensacola, which is celebrated tor
the salubrity of its climate and the adaptation ot its har
bor for commercial purposes; thereby having a suffici
ent number oi citizen soldiery at the spot, n cased
sudden invasion to detenu that point until troops could
be obtained, by means of the railroad, trom the interior
countries of Alabama and Georgia
Another great advantage that would arise from the
construction of the said rail road, your memorialists
would suggest, is this : it would, by tne time ot its com
fileiion, be a continuous lineot railway communication
rom the extreme eastern section ol the Union to the
gull ot Mexico, (there being only about one hundred
limes to construct between the piesei it terminus of the
Montgorueiy railroad and the Georgia oads.) thereby
affording gieatand increased facilities to the govern
uietu in . ie transmission of the mails and speeJy and
direct commnmcation between the At'antic cities amt
those on the gulf of Mexico.
It would, then, appear that the construction of the
said road would give value to large bodies ot the public
domain now perfectly useiess.and which would (amain
so without some improvemeut of the kind.
, It would afford the government a cheap and spe. dy
mode otobtainiqg troops, muon ions ot war, and supolie*
from Alabama. Georgia. South Carolina, and indeed,
from all the northern and eastern States, lor tne defence
of the Gulf and remedying the detect which now exists
It womd brma into cultivation an extensive region
of country which oan never be iiopulated without a
railroad to afford facilities to a market
It wobld secure the general government an cxjic
diUous mode ultra importation of the mails between the
Atlantic cities and those on the Gulf, and aloe enab;e
the goveruineiit to communicate with the gull of .Mex
ico in about ♦ Oor 70 hours,from whence a communica
tion by steam to Chagmi, and trom thence acroM* the
Isthmus to thePactriu ocean, communication with the
portion the Pacific ami Chiaa will be established.
for these reasons, .andothers that wiil obviously sug
gest themselves, your memorialist* are xatistird that the
general government will derive great advantages, not
only ui a national but in a pecuniary point of view, and
would theiekne ask that your honorable bod; have
set span out ot the, public lamia ntrough which thin
said road and its brauches will pass, tin* alternate sec
tions tor eix milea on each aide thereof, which shall in
ure to the benefit of your inrmonalista, provided they
will finish their said road and branches within the period
fixed in llieir act of incorporation for its completion -
Vour niemuriahaca deem tiiat-auch a reservation of the
public lands from sale and entry, and the appropriation
of them for such a purpose, would not conthct w ith any
conatnuiionstpnucipk,inasmuch as it would be a mere
contract with your memorialists to add value to the pub
lie domain. ami alisrd great facilities to the govern- j
merit, which cannot be obtained in any other manner
than by a railway communication.
Ail of which is respectfully submitted
For and in bahaii vs the stockholders of the Alabama.
Florida and Georgia Kailioad Company
T. M BLOUNT,
President 0/ the Hoard of Director*.
Ala bn ina. Florida ami ttor|(ia
Railroad.
The Committee on Moral Affair*, to whom were re
ferred thr me nutria l oj the Alabunui, blonde end
Gertetm Hatband ( ampantf, and Ike memorial* of
numerous citnen* of Alabama and Florida, ask
inn Concrete 1a grant the alternate sections ol the
p.iblic landthrouflk which theu contemplated road
will pass, to the *etd Hatlrand ( dm/tany. to aid in
the construction thereof, hare had the subject under
consideration, and submit the following report :
The haibor of Penaaooto has ever been re carded by
the governments of Spain, Great Britain, ana the l?m
ted States, aa 11 Hording more important advantage* lor
the establishment oi a naval depot for the protection
of the commerce of the valley of the Mississippi and
the Gulf of Mexico than any other |Hrt on the shores of ‘
the Gulf Wtale us salubrious climate and command
ini’ situation have attracted universal attention, and
pointed it out as a place which may ultimately become
of vastcommttcial importance, the views of govern
ment have been limited to its rapacity tor the accom
modation aud protection of extensive naval armaments
and military defences The discovery was made, how
ever, ui an early day, that as it was surrounded by s i
barren unproductive country extending tor hundredsof
liiil. s, anJ not being reached by any Targe navigable !
river,it would be necessary toform artificial ©omnium -
cations wdh the fertile regions of the interior, tor the
purpose of procuring supplies ; or this position, of so
much importance in all other respects, could not justly
be considered as tenable in the event of war with n
great naval power With this view, the British gov
eminent, as early aa the year IT7l,Qftu ed exiimnuilioiu
and surveys to be made, with the intention °f connect
ing tin* Ibfiervillc with the Mlssi*tiptH rwet by a canal,
thus tbrimng a communication through the ibb**rvilc
rlvi I. ms h m hart rain and Borgne *nh Mobile imv.
• l I ruin thenot by canal to the water* t IVn.m
bay All the surveys and estimates neotaoury to carry
this design into effect were ore pared under the direction
ol tlis British governor of West Florida,and the cor
respondence between Inin and the government at home
from 1771 to 1775, shows that, had the war of the revo- |
lutiuu not broken out, tin; plan would have been adopt
ed and the work completed hi thr shortest |>o**il4e time
The purchase of by the government ol the
Untfrd Btaies, rendered Pensacola comparatively of
little importance to any other power, and, consequent y
when ftonda Irilsgs 111 into the hands of Bps in, she
simply msnitsineu it as a military post, though at an
calier day she had entertained views similar to ihtwr
which rams so near being earned into execution by
the British government, raapecting a communication
with the Mississippi,and also of making a canal across
the peninsula of Florida, to connect the narbor of pen.
Icola with soma port on the Atlantic
Aa cultivation extended in the valley of the Missi*
aippi. and tlw* increasing products of the great Wesi
found thf lr way to thr Gulf of Mexico, it was prrceiv
ed that e were in want of a position from which they
could be protected, end the acquisition of Penaacoi.
became absolutely essential to the sreurity of the com
meres of that vast and fertile portion ol the Union It
conasouenily aaauuu and a pursmount importance 11 th*
conaiJerations which finally led to the purchase ot
Florida from Spain, 111 the year 1819 Aa soon as that
event occurred, Pensacola assumed vastly more than si
its former value aa a naval depo’ It had beeon.*
united to its natural glfirv not only in the great val
ley of the west, but ill thr whoie Union. The gov
eminent of the United States almost immediately took
the nsetoperv steps to devote this beautiful harbor to th*
purpose# for which nature had so evidently d#aig"cd it
A naral depot was erabitahed. and large eppropWioPf
were made to fortify the harbor and render secure (he
naval armaments and stores which it was designed
should be collected there. These establishments nave
been progressing from year to year, and vast sums have
already been expended, though the plan which was
adopted, and the perfect execution of which is necessa
ry to the security of our commerce in the Gulf of
Mexico, is far from being completed.
It will tie wen by the letter of Commodore Smith, in
the appendix, marked A. that there has been expended
improvements in the navy yard at Pensacola $*448,989-
45 There was appropriated by the last Congress the
sum of $250,000 towards ihe construction of a dry
dock ‘Phe letter of Col Totten,marked B, shows
the amount ex}>ended on fortifications to be $1,400,654-
% These sums make $2,524,VJ0 40 actually expended
and appropriated to the naval establishment und milita
ry defences of Pensacola. The plan originally propos
ed, and which, in nil probability, will ultimately be car
ried into execution, embraces an estimate of exnendi
ture of more than fifteen millions of dollars for the na
vnl depot and the fortifications necessary to its security
Without an easy , rapid, and safe railway communica
tutn to the interior, all this money and all the nation
al considerations which dictated the purchase oj
Florida, with a riexoof obtaining Pensacola for n na
tal depot will result so much bene fit conferred on any
great naval power with which wc mag hereafter hap-
pen to be at war.
During the troubles in Cana Jr a:;d on onr northeas
tern boundary, the British government removed the
station for their North American fleets from Halifax to
Bermuda, where they have expended many millions ot
dollars, and have rendered if so impregnable that it i
properly regarded as the Gibraltar ot the Atlantic.—
’Phis island fortress is within one day’s run ot a •teamer
(280 miles) of Charleston or Savannah. Imagine that
power, in the event of a war with this country, in pos
session a Is. >of Pensacola, a lid what would be the condi
tion of onr commerce on the Atlantic and in the Gulf
ot Mexico i Grent Britain has shown in more than on<*
instance, if not in nl! eases, th*'t wfe-ti she intends to He
el ire war she strikes first, and sends out h**r manifes
toes afterwards Remote as Pensacola now is from ra
pid intercoursewiththeinterior.it would almost cer
tainly fall into her hands, or those of any other enter
prising enemy. If. however, we had a railway and tel
egraphic roinmnuication, by which intelligence and
troops could be sent for its defence, a sufficient force
might he collected there to resist succerafully the ap
proach of a hostile fleet. The attention of the govern
ment has been repeatedly called to this important “ob
ject hy Golonel Totton. the dfetingnashed chief of the
Engineer Department.
In liis report to the Secretary of War, dated Novem
ber 2. 1M43, lie says ‘The foilificatione of this harbor,
at the present moment, so tar as the w orks themselves
are concerned, constitute a formidable and efficient ar
ray of strength ; and, within two or three years, the
entire system of local defence will be complete,except
ing only such auxiliary means a.* may. without danger,
be left to he executed when about W he needed.
“ But there are other considerations oonaroted with
the security ol’ this gresi harbor, which are 1 ndepeadeut
of mere defences, wliether naval or nniitary . such, 1
mean, as relate to a sale and easy communication
wltt so*.lT'*” of wmnlv and relief These are of
more than common interest here, becaust * n ? *'iH *ny
that should be able to lest the arrangements for defence
would, in di<mg so. completely cut off all the ex
isting channels of commumcaiion. This isolated po
sition of Pensacola, in reference to any productive or
populous region, is its peculiar disadvantage; which
has all along been kept in view by those connected with
the defensive preparations, and by them has been re
peatedly presented to the notice of the government.
“ There was a time when private enterprise seemed
about to connect this mere harbor of refuge into one of
the great entrepots of w estern commerce, by opening a
direct and speedy communication with the interior;
but, since the failure or postponement of that hope, the
extent to which the general government may, in such a
case, interfere to carry out enterprises having such an
object, would seem to have become a very important
question.”
In his report, dated November 30,1844, Col. Totter,
uses the following language :
‘ Pensacola Harbor. Florida. —l beg leave to refer
to previous reports from this office tor strong expres
sions of opinion as to the value of this harbor to the
nation, and the importance to the large public interest
already established therein, of opening direct com- i
munication with the interior. The works of defence,
in charge of tins department, have been improved to the
extent admissible with the funds at command, nnd ore
now in progress of such improvement, Some further
aid will tx- needed, hs stated in the following reports on
the particular works.”
Colonel Totten, in his report dated November 1,1845,
uses the following emphatic expressions in regard to the
necessity of a communication to the interior trom Pen
sacola.
“ Now that the defences of this harbor are in a con
dition of efficiency, inviting the resort tluther tor shel
ter, in lime of war,of vessels of every description, and
warranting any extension which it may be desirable to
give to arrangements for their repair, re-equipment,
and refreshment, it uppears to be quite important to look
to the means of getting access to the productive and
populous interior districts. The sterility of the region
contiguous to Pensacola is the only defect which its har
bor has as a naval station or a point of rendezous, but
this defect may be a very serious one in certain mo
ments, and invites, therefore, the particular attention of
th - government, it is presumed, dial if no opportunity
be afforded for the national government to act directly
in the matter, any pnvate enterprises, tending tore
move this and flii ulty, will be eagerly patronized.”
In his report dated 10th November, 1846, he again
calls attention to this subject, and says: “ 1 have so of
ten, in my annual reports, invited the attention of the
government to the importance of tins harbor lor nation
al purposes, and to the need of opening a communica
tion with the rich country of the north, und shall, there- j
foie, on these subjects now restrict myself to referring
buck to these communications.”
It would really seem tfiut nothing further than these
reiterated opinions, trom such lagii authority, could he
wanted to allow that, without a railway communication
to the interior, all the mouey which has been expended
at Pensaroia has not mtreiy been thrown iiW’ny,us tar
as any benefit maybe expected from it in h maritime
war, but that n has actually been invested tor the ben- ,
etit ol die enemy
It w.ll be seen by the map which is appendcd to this ;
report, and to which the attention of the House is invi
ted, that the memorialists propose to extend the main
trunk of their railway to the city of Montgomery, the j
capital of Alabama, and to construct one branch to the ;
Perdido river, and from thence to the waters of Mobile
bay or Tetisaw river, and another to unite with the
railways in Georgia, at some point at or near Fort
Gaines,on the Chattahoochee river. When these roads
shall le completed, there will be a direct communica
tion from P • .sscola wtih wlmt may lie called the g. eat
railway system of the Union ; and when the railway
now m progress from Nashville, in Tennessee, to join
the Georgia Stale railroad at Chattanooga, and those
which are contemplated from Nashville to Louisville,
Kentucky, and to Cairo, at the junction of the Missis
sippi.'tnd Ohio, the great circle of railway communica
tion from the northern and western cities will be coin
pi. Aisiumi—lion ..t the map will not only feow
tire commanding position of Pensacola, us concerns the
■aval defence and commerced rin United Stales, but
also its situation with respect to Mexico und the West
Indies, and, consequently, the vast importance of the
connecting links of railway winch the ineinorialists
propose to construct. The connexion with the Geor
gut railways will complete ih iMMMHlifl■ution from the
Atlantic,si Bavnnimh, and Charleston to the gulf
Since die acquisition of Florida, several projects hove
been entertained by the government und incorporated
companies for the purpose ol making u canal or rail
way from aonie port on the southern Atlantic coast to
Pensacola ; and lurgemnus have been expended in pre- 1
liuuimry Huive\Hot various routes But while th great
iumottaitce ot such a communication has been tell and
acknowledged by alt, various causes have combined to
pi event Its execution. This work, which is so essen
tial to the naval and militaiy defence of a large portion
of tlte Umoil, and to the commerce and intercourse of
our whole country, may be accomplished by a grant to
die memorialists ot die lands along the line ot their
proposed railway, which are, m then present state, ot no
value to the government. When this shall he dour,
the passage trom New York to News fileun* may be
made in tour days and a halt, and trom this city in three
days and a halt When the railwuys through Tettnes
see and Kentucky, muting with those in Georgia,ahull
In* timstied.tt passenger may go from Louisville to
New Orleans, by way ot Pcnsucola,m one halt the
time now required to go by steamer. The |tasMge
from Louisville to New Orleans, on the river, takes live
days, by railway to Pensacola,and thence by steamer,
it will require but sixty hours, or less, it tin- rate ot tra
vel shad be more titan twenty tudes per hour on the
railway. From Cairo,at the mouth of the Ohio, the
puwage wdi tie iu*de in the same nine. When the
. uphshall be established on ail these UttSUUI rail
way, the imagination can hardly glance at the rapidity
with which troops may be assembled trom all quartets
tortile defence of our naval and military establish
ments st Pensacola It is reg*r<iei by military inch as
quite proper to estimate the me lease *f population
which may be caused at partrulur points, by upeuiug
new and rapid chuti els of communication us mi avail
able meanso| defence ill tune ol war; und us it cannot
be doubu ithit w tie ll Pensacola shah be i >..;< ct I with
tliu railway yatriu ot tin* Lmoii.n wilt soon h. come a
place of great coinin’ rcml importance , us menus uide
leue • will.ot course, keep puce with die immune ot us
population. Wliuu the number “Usd litve reached
twenty five di'iisamt, their |>reseiior will, in all reaped*,
lor deleiiMveoperations,U nt least a* valuable tuits
govern i lie tit ass periiiftintMit gurtisonot live regiments.
It will Is- seen by the letter and statement ol Major
General Jrup. in die iiqs'iulix, marked 0 and D.diat
to maintain au< h a tome would cost site uidtMMiliUy-hve
thou Kind five hundred and eighty-six dollars auU tatty
cents per annum ; aotliat,nide|MMi<iemiy ot nil the other
national coumderutione winch Itavebt en urged in this
report, and art lortu in die uiemortal appended to g, it
ts undoubtedly If* • that the security afforded by ilu re
sulUi ot die n*erprise of the tUvrmoriaUat” wdi ulti
mately be o! vastly more value to the country, ui the
event ot a maritime war,ut one year mini all me iand
they ask to aid them m the uinfci taking
it will not he drilled (list llie general gov riutient
has the entire control <4 tin* public tan.la. I hat it can
uicrrasr or dun 111 isti the price at pleasure 1 list il has
uniformly exercised this pow 1 I imi couaequ'*uhv.
it has the right to dispose ot them at one dollar or one
cant an acre, or to give them away N**r w this right
restricted to any particular party or parties to w.kmii
they may sell, give away, or other* i** dispose ol them.
Consequently it h is the |iert*rt right to grant to the me
morialist* the lands along their cotttocupialed railway,
**ti the conditions set fotth in tln*ir 111 inorial ll laca
are required to amU.im Una \t-Wottlia matter, tney
will be tbund 1:1 the letter and utileiistlt of Mr John
I Robb, Commiasionet, ad interim,A tlie Central L-itid
1 Office, in tlie appendix to this report, marked K and F.
, snowing the quantity of land which hsa bean granted
to each >tste and Territory for internal iiapavimruu
This statement shows t .st, while Ohio has received one
million one hundred und eighty thousand on# hundred
and ninety-two tofts,and Indiana one million mx hun
dred and nine thousand eight handred and liUy-nitMt
acres of the public lauds for the** objects *icltMvc of
the&ct4th September, 1811, Aiabutna has received but,
tour humlr and thousand acres, and Florida none. It
will, therefore, be perceived that while two ot tin* north
western States have received 2,790,044 acres of th*- pub
lic landsto nid in various works ol internal improve
-1 ment, Alabama and Florida have received but 400,000
acres. As the works proposed to be constructed by th-’
* memorialists are strictly national in theircharectcr.and
i must necessarily be so in their resulia.it will be but an
net of mere justice, not only to the peopled’ the States
1 through which they will pass, but to ail the national in
! terests which will necessarily connect themselves with
1 those works, 2o pass the bill which the committee hove
! reported.
Your committee have examined the report which
whs made to the last Congress by the Committee
on Roads and Canals, on this subject, and, finding
that it gives h very clear and concise account ot the
objects ot the memorialists and u true description of
the section ol the country through whichtheir proposed
railways will puss, they have adopted it as a part of this
report. It says;
“ Thai ihe road has been commenced nt Pensacola,
j in the State ot Florida, and it is contemplated that its
northern terminus will he Montgomery, the capital of
the riuite of Al&hanin, with such lateral routls or
nranchrs to one or more points on the Alabama and
! Chattahoochee rivers as may be deemed advisable.
Thai the distance between Pensacola and Montgom
ery, according to the actual local ion ot ihe said Road,
i*< about one hundred and titiy-six miles That the me
morialists irak Congress for n iaw grunting to the Com
pany the alternate s*eiions of public land within six
miles of each side of their contemplated road. Most
! of the lands in Florida through w hich the road runs ate
sandy pine barrens, which, although they have been in
market for twenty years, remain unsold ; and many of
the lands in Alabama which th>* road will traverse,
. though fertile, are nearly vnloelefis, owing to their dis
tance from, and the difficulty ot access to, a market for >
th*ir produce. The lands near the not them part of the
road nay.* been settled tor many years paM. hut, lor the
causes ntxive intimated, the country contiguous to it in
Alabama und Florida is very sjiarcely populated, and is
now chiefly used as ranges tor large slocks ol cattle,
and unlew a road like that proposed bv the memorial
ists he built, will remain unsold lor a long time. The
memorialists urge the argument upon Congress, that a
grant to them of the alternate sections ot land, upon
the condition of building the proposed road, will he
beneficial in n pecuniary point ot view to the United
&utcs, not only because the road will enhance the value
ot the sections retained by the government, hut also,
because the facilities which the road will afford for
transmission to market of the products of all lands
within twenty-five miles of each side of the road, will
occasion the speedy sale by the United States, at en
hanc -1 prices, ami tiie rapid settlement of these lands
” The committee appreciate the force of this reason
ing, and were uo other facts or arguments adduced, it
w ould besotficient with them to recommend the grant
ing of the application of the memorialists . but there
are other and cogent reasons in its favor. ‘The propo
sed road is directly iu the route of the great mail to
New Orleans and Mobile from ihe metropolis of the Un
ion and the north At.antic Cities, and its completion
wii; expedite such mail several days. The vast impor
tance of such a measure, when the anticipated increas
ed extern of our interest in the Southwest la consider
ed, must he admitted. But there is a sail more con
clusive argument m favor of the wwe policy of this
measure The southern terminus of this imiirosd is si
Pensac. .a, in the State ot Florida. The port of Pen
sacola is bv tar the most important point to the United
States on tne Gulf ol Mexico. A wise policy With re
ference to the interests of every section ot the Union
demands, that the federal government should adopt
every efficient means to strengthen it as a military and
naval position. It is the only sate harbor on the main
land ot tbe gulf that can admit vessels of war of the
largest das?;, and where they can remain with perlect
safety at all seasons. Extensive fortifications have al
ready been erected, and others aie in progress there.
It is a naval station, and, of course, there are always
large amounts of public property at that point. In time
of war it would be the “ point d’ appui’ in the guM
from which this government could not only strike at
the commerce of an enemy in that quarter, in the Car
ibbean sea or Spanish main, and in the West Indies.hut
it would be the place from whence protection could hr
afiorded to the vast products of the entire valley of the
Mississippi shipped from New Orleans, and also that
of the other gulf States, comprising in value 1 two-thirds
of the expo t trade of the whole Union. The easy de
fence and safety ui the cities of New Orleans anil Mo
bile, and, indeed, ol the entire gulf coast of the States
ol Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Flori
da, in time of war with a naval power, will much de
pend on the stale of preparation of offensive and de
fensive nirnns nt Pensaooia. Ol its importunes as a
military and naval position, the first military and naval
officers of this government have from time to tune
borne ample and conclusive testimony. No enemy,
however formidable in naval and military force, will
venture to assail Mobile and New Orleans if liable to
that attack in the rear which might be successfully
made from Pensacola, if suitable facilities were cre
ated for its communication with the interior, as now
proposed. Owing to the sterility of the lands for up
wards of fi'ty miles from Pensacola, the consequent
sparseness of the present population, and the present dif
ficulties of communication with the more thickly set
tled counties of Alabama, weeks must now elapse be
fore a force of 500 men could be raised for garrisoning
the fortifications protecting the harbor, and which force
would be entirely inadequate. The completion of this
road would enable the government, within twenty-four
hours alter admonition of danger, to throw from the in
terior a force of at least 5iA) troops into those fortifi
cations at a little cost, and who could return readily to
their homes and occupations when their services were
no longer required, lienee, too, the completion ot this
road would dispense with the necessity of a large perma
nent force being stationed there m tune ol war ; all
that wouid be requisite would be for the citizen to be
prepared to go at early warning, and m the meantime
their industrial occupations will not be disturbed.
Immense advantages would also result to the govern
ment from the increased facility.as well asm the cost
of transportation of munitions of war and subsistence,
afforded by this road, even if the memorialists had not
proposed, ns they have with great liberality, as a con
ditional the grant applied for, to carry, nil the troops
in the service of the United States, and munitions oi
w'ar, free of cost.
The committee have forborne to urge any consider
ations in fuvor of this npp ication, growing out of the
beneficial efll ct which the completion of the road would
have upon the agricultural and commeicial prosperity
jot a section of country contiguous to it. They have
confined themselves to the advantages that would re
| suit to the federal treasury, and the aid it would afford t
the national artii'itt time of war. They have consider- j
ed the subject with referenoe alone to the pecuniary in- ,
terestoi ii- federal government, and to the meatus ot
defence and offence against an enemy it would give ;
an : they fed satisfied the tacts they have briefly adver- |
led to prove that the measure is not one of sectional or j
local consequence, hut of great national importance, and ;
is without the scope of the objections to the constitu
tionality or wise jndicy of the federal government inter- !
tering in such improvements within the Stales. The j
committee willotwcrve that the tnemonalibtsdo not auk .
that the grant should become complete until the rood is
built and pul into operation, mid that they have im
posed the condition of completing and putting into op
eration by the Ist of January, 1852. Tlte bill, there
fore, if passed, can jeo|rd no interest of the United
States, even if the memorialists should tail iu fulfilling
the conditions. The memorialists alone encounter all ;
the risk and loss resulting from such failure.”
A BILL grunting to the Alabama, Florida, and Geor
gia Railroad Compuny, the alternate sections of the
public land along the route of their contemplated
roads, on certain conditions.
He it enacted by the Senate and House of Ferne- ;
i senlativesot the t inted Stutes of America in Con
gress assembled, That, for and iu consideration that
the Alabama, Florida, and Georgia Railroad Compa
ny, mIihII and will construct a railroad front the city of
lYnsacolN, m the State ol Florida, to Montgomeiy, the
capital ol the Suite ol Alabama, by the firat day of jail- j
uary, iu the year otic thousand eight hundred and fifty
two, or by th • expiration of such time as may be allow
ed iu tlteir chartered privileges, the said railroad com
iam shall be entitled to the alternate sections of public
land lor miles rut each side of the xaul road, and the
brunches they may construct through the public domain,
n the States ot Alabama and Florida.
Sec 2. And be it further enacted, That from and
alter the tMuwag' 1 of this act, the Commissioner of the
General Laud ( Alice shall cause to be reserved from en-
I try and sale th ■ public lauds through which the said
company propose to construct thor road At. its brunches,
uiu.i the saute he located Frocided, the said location
shill be m * le within twelve months next ensuing
And after the said c mipany sfisll have located their
Mid road auJ its branches, there shall be reserved from
sale and entry, w.thiu six tunes on each side of said
road und us bruuche*. the alternate periion*, quarter
sections, and pints of sections of the public lands, so
curding lo the legal su (divisions m each township,
which ahull l* for the benefit and use of the an id cotnpa
nv. upon the following limitations and conditions, vu
Whenever the **ni eotimany shall make it apix-ar, to
the satisfaction of the Couunisuoner of th* 1 General
Laud (Alice, tint they have constructed, bona fide,
tea utiles of railroad, then tie* said company shall be
entitled to receive patents lor the uilemuie sections,
quuiier sections, and Irani.dial part* ot sections of pub
lic lands for ihe space of six miles on each ride of said
rood and its branches, so finished mil const rue ted, slid
in like maimer foi every ten miles of rail iosd the said
rvnqisoy may cuuetrucl through the public lands, until
the main stem or trunk of *U4 i null-m l and its hrunrhee
be tiiiidicd.
Sai . 3. And be it further enacted. That when the
Und* along the route 01 autd road nnd its branch*** have
been heretofore entered, so that the said company can
not iroeive the alternate sections, quarter sect ions,
und lisclioiiml pints ol sections in the msnner specified
111 tin-torcgonig section, then, and ill that case, the said
company shall l>e entitled to the same qtisntiiy of public
lut'd any where withal twenty five miles ot th** main
stein ol the stud rou i and its branches, it hr mg the in
tention to grant the said company public land equal us
quantity to lit* ailriuate sections ol land along tlie route
of tin *sid road and its branches, tor six imUs on each
aide thereof Provided, however . That in no instance
is tlie said compete/ to be emu led to any public land,
except upon the limitations and conditions mentioned
m the proviso to tin* second section
i. And be it tuither enacted, ’Hist all the sd
vantages wnh the unmanon* and conditions herein
granted tu the Alabmm. Florida and Georgia Kabroad
Gum pan/, hi. extended to the Penstirola and Perdido
K nlruad and Canal Convnny, ami th- Blakely and
Perdido Railroad Company, provided tlie Mint eonipa
inesaliall Const yet ur.ldio.lU trout IVnaucuia, 111 the
.State cf Florida to ilia watcisot Mobile hay or Tofts**
liver in tlie BtuWr of Alabama, within such time as tnav
1 b■ 1 united by then chartered pnvdagra
!?K’ 5. And he it further rnuctrd. That the said
’ companies shall at all times, whenever r**qnred by the
| Go\ eminent of Uk* I'uitrd Buura, transpoit, free ot ex-
I • > m ti *ns of war nnd troops belonging to
I r in the vetvic • f the United Slates
1 ty Bva i twic , and refined to the Commute or,
Tuniic laindo
MACON, GEORGIA.
WEDNESDAY , M ARCH 89, 1846.
FOR PRESIDENT,
GEN. ZACHARY TAYLOR.
(Ti* Advertieemente must be handed in by 0 o’clock
Tuesday mornings, or they cannot be inserted.
Whig Meeting.
The Whig Party of Bibb County are requested to
meet at the Court House in Macon, on Sheriff’s Sale
day, the first Tuesday in April, to appoint Delegates to
the Convention in June, to nominate Presidential Elec
tors ; and to consider the propriety of sending Delegates
lo the National Convention.
Cottun Statement.
As w'e are apprehensive that some errors have occur
red in our previous Cotton statements, we beg the pro
prietors of Ware-Houses to make an accurate estimate
of their Stock on hand, Sept. Ist , of their receipts from
that date to the close of the present month, and of the
stock on hand on the Ist of April. It is desirable that
nil accurate statement should be obtained. A little la
tar on the part of each establishment w ould save us
much trouble, besides obliging all who are concerned in
the trade.
■ 1 “ - -
Itixhop Reynolds.
Wc have been requested to state, that the j
Bishop Reynolds, of Charleston, will the
Catholic Church in this city on Sunday 2d.
Tne public is most respectfully invited toattepW Pews
free.
The New Schedule..
On Monday last,the contemplated change in the run
ning time on the several railroads terminating at Atlan
ta, took place. The connections were nil funned and
the cars on the Macon & Western Road reached this
c ity a few minutes before six o’clock, thus making the
entire run from Da!ton,.2ol miles, in fourteen hours. —
This arrangement will give our citizens the northern
mail hereafter r.tsix, instead of at three o’clock P. M.
and in this respect will be an inconvenience,as it throw*
all the mails into our poet office late in the evening, or at
night and will render it impossible to deliver them until
the next morning. We understand that when ever it
is practicable, the Post Master will deliver the letters
over night, but on certain evenings of the week thedu
*!■? are so onerous that it will be almost impossible. The
jaaours of the office are very heavy and the revenues in
rfuficieDt to justify the employment of additional Clerks.
Ilorroivittg without leave*
A subscriber whose paper has been missing regularly
tor several months dost week discovered that it had been
“iilted” as the phrase goes, and gave us the name of
the person guilty of the offence. Our first impulse was
to publish the tacts and name. Upon more mature reflec
tion, we have concluded to withhold the latter at least for
the present, lu the meantime we wouid inform the indi
vidual in question that the “poor Carrier Buy” has been
repeatedly and severely censured lor his neglect and
that he has worn out “any quantity of sole-leather” in
e upplyiug the missing papers, while we have been reg
ularly lurnishing the subscriber With two copies. As
an act ol justice therefore,and iu order to give relief tohis
troubled conscience,he ought to enclose to the Carrier
a written apology find u three dollar bill in order to
replace the shoes worn out on the occasion. To the
subscription, he is welcome* We will besides furnish
him with a c py in future “free gratis for nothing ’
provided he wiUouiy pledge huuseit to allow other peo
ple to enjoy what they have bought and paid lor.
The Freuch Revolution.
For a most interesting account of the origin and pro
gress ol the French Revolutibn, the reader is referred
to our first page. The narrative is condensed with
in the smallest possible compass, and yet we believe
contains every thing which is impcitaut to a complete
understanding of the whole affair, ‘i he latest intelli
gence ou the subject is found in the tollowiug Post
script, to a letter dated at Liverpool, Sunday morning,
Feb. 27th. The writer says :
“ The King has not yet arrived in England. A Re
public has been established ill France, and tranquility is
nearly restored.”
An Englishman writing from Boulogne, on the 26th,
thus expresses his gratitude at having escaped trom the
scene of contusion. The description of the flight of the
English Royalists from Paris, stro i„iy reminds one of
the old story about the rats quitting the sinking ship.
The writer in question, as if terribly frignened and
nearly out of breath, exclaims ;
14 Thank God! I have escaped from the scene of car
nage und convulsion. 1 rode on hors mack from Paris
to Clermont, and then caught the tram for Neutchatel.
The rush of English from Pans has been immense 1 . It
is staled that all the steamers from Folkstone have
been ordered here. A tule of a rising in all the towns
in the North is confidently referred to by well informed
persons. Liile and Amiens have already pronounced
for the movement. The mails are in arrears from Par
is.”
Fine Carrittge*.
We have glanced through the establishment of Messrs
DeLoache and Wilcoxson and can safely say that their
adviiiueineiit in another column Mcuttreiy within rea
sonable limits. Their stock of carnages, buggies, &c.,
,&c , is not only very extensive, but some of the articles
are of incomparable beauty and elegance. We no
ticed particularly one fine family carriage which was a
perfect model of neuttiess, which is almost too elegaut
tor this Republican age and country, and which no man
ought to think of owning unless he have plenty of mon
ey and a pretty wife to boot. The domestic manufac
tures ol Messrs De Lose he and Wilcoxson too, are very
fine and we have not the lightest doubt that our coun
try friends ran be just as w ell suited with all articles in
the atave line in Macon as they can in Savannah,
Charleston, New-York or rvun New-Haven. If they
will only look well to the advertisements, they will not
be likely to go amiss.
The Planters Factory.
Georgia enterprise is beginning to tell on the subject
of Manufactories. Our recent notices the produc
tions of the Upxonand Mtlledgevilie Mills, are eliciting
a rivalry which we are pleased to see and which
will result in incalculable good to the State at large
We have now in our Office a specimen of No. 15,
weft Twist, Irom the Planter* Factory, Butts Coun
ty, which is pronounced by all who have examined it, to I
be a little superior to any thing oi t lie kind they have ever
aern. It is spun u|Min a self-acting Mule, aud lor round -
ness, evenness and all other quiilue* would term to he |
the very perfection ot yarn. The bundles which we j
have are apecimetis of’ n Urge lot of Twist, sent for
ward to the Philadelphia Market, where it has tlie pre- j
ferenoe over th.* Northern article M Nutting the in- I
tellig**nt Superintendent of the Planters Factory, in- ‘
forms ua.tbnt in a tow days they will commence weav
ing these yams into i shirtings, and will produce an ar
ticle equal to any thing that can he procured from
nhroad
Hev. Dr. Baird’s Lectures.
We understand thiough a mutual friend, that the
K**v Ur. Baird contemplates visiting Macon in n week
or two and will, if suitable eucour igemrit b** offered,
favour our citixena with a co irs# of hi* admirable lec
tures upon Burope At tliis particular juncture them*
lecture* cannot fail to tlie and *cp -hi interest. Dr
Hmrd resided for several years in Puns and is intimate
ly acquaint’ and with the political, as well as the moral
condition of tlie French people. He will therefore he ena
bled to throw much light upMii th ‘ causes winch contrib
uted to the recent French devolution If** la heaidaa a
close obarrverofinennnd things .an 1 remembers as much
of what he see and hears a* any person we have ever
heard speak His lectures will doubtless be very nu
ineroudy attended and we feel assured that they wdl
richly repay th**** who who may he present
P, H. After the above was in type, we weir pleated
to learn that Dr Baird will deliver bis Introductory
leeture in tlie Presbyterian Church in Macon on Fri
day night next Ilia subject.
” The Ci overtime til* of burope—the rhmrmcD r
of their Holer* - the numner* of their Courts, etc.
etc M
The arnes will consist of etfht lecture* Tlie
Introductory will of comae he free, and in it will
he develop'd the whole plan of the others #0 that
all can hear and judge for thrmaeWeu.
Successor of >lr. Atlnins.
Th‘* Hon Manx lias been nominated as
thr candidate for Congress in the Bth district o| Mnsna
cli iartts, in place of the lion. John Quincy Adam*
Th** abolii! intuits atrove to noniituite the ion of the
B* Prevkfsnt, Mr. Charles I . Adonis who ia the ts lc
iwppvftei of* semi •H<4iMon paper 111 Boston
Very I<u( Iroin .llnico.
An Extra from the N. O. Picayune, dated 23rd uw.
p. M , places us in possession of news from the City ol
Mexico to the 14th, and Vera Cruz the lJhh inst. Geii’ls.
l’owson and Cushing, and Col. Belknap had arrived at
ihe City of Mexico. Gen’ls. Scott, Worth, Piilow and
Duncan, were in attendance, and it was supposed that
the Court would enter on its duties on the 15th.
The Army are represented a* being unanimously op*
posed to the terms of the Armistice agreed upon by
Gen. Butler, with the Mexican authorities. They seem
to think that it gives up every thing gained by our in
domitable Army, and that it peace should not be made,
the sighing will all have to be “ done over again.” The
Mncerity of the Mexican President is questioned by 111a
i ny while others think the fighting is no wall over. In con -
1 sequence oi this opinion several officers have resigned
; and are preparing to return home. A nong the number
on leave, we notice the name of Gen. Lane, who returns
in consequence of the destruction of his plantation by
the great flood in the Ohio. Also Capt. Denny of
Pittsburg, whose roinan'ic marriage on the eve of his
departure for the 9eat o! war, rendered him somewhat
notorious.
One report is that Santa Anna wa actually a passen
ger on board the steamer which brought the above news
to New Orleans, but this is not credited. We copy the
following from the Picayune :
“Santa Anna has applied to Gen. Twiggs, through
Col Hughes, for permission to pass through Vera Cruz
and out of the country. A special ejqireAH fruin Jalapa
reached Vera Cruz the evening of the 16th inst. with
the application, and as the general at once granted the
permission asked, it was supposed the ex-president
would arrive there in a day or two”
Valuable Schools Hooks.
We have to acknowlede the receipt from Thomas
Coxcperthwait, Sj Cos. of Philadelphia, of Copies of the
follow ing Books, prepared expressly for Schools, by M.
D. Swan, viz ;
The Primary Reader , Parts 1,2, and 3,
The Grammar School Reader,
The District School Reader.
This seems to us to be th“ only series of Readers
which iye have ever seen that is based upon the princi
ples of co.union sense, which commences at the begin
ning and finishes the work which is undertaken.
Part I, contains instructions and exercises upon each
of the Elementary sounds of the language, with a few
simple stories calculated to interest the reader.
Part 11, contains Exercises in articulation, calculated
to improve the young indistinctness ol utterance, and
to give them a correct idea of the sound of every let
ter both separately and in its relation to others. This also
is very simple and contains some interesting reading
matter for youth.
Part 111, is a continuation of the same general sys
tem, and impresses more particularly the principles laid
down in the preceding volumes together with such ad
ditional lessons as are suitable to those just entering
upon the study of the Elements of Grammar.
Next in order is the Grammar School Reader, con
taining a series of admirable selections in prose and po
etry, and extensive exercises in articulation.
The last of the series is the District Reader, which
is intended for the higher classes. It has exercises in
speaking, articulation, pauses inflections, &c. &.c , to
gether with a glossary explanatory of many term3
used.
Accompanying the above series, we are pleased to
find a translation of IVelmsen's celebrated Reader,
or Childrens’ friend, a work which has long been used
in the High Schools of Prussia, ami which is unequal
led in its arrangement an! the instructive character of
its selections.
“ Last, but not least’’ in this valuable series of School
Books, is the celebrated English Grammar, recently
published by Joseph R Chandler, Esq., formerly Editor
of the United States Gazette, and long known as the
Grammar King of the Union. To say that it is Gram
mar compiled, arranged, and presented by Mr. Chan
dler, would perhaps be enough to commend it to most
teachers and parents. It has however intrinsic merits
of a high order.
These works, so far as we have had leisure to examine
them, are not only admirably arranged, but contain
nothing that is offensive to the Southern reader, and
this we regard as a sine qua non, iu School Books.
Persons desirous of examining them for themselves,
will please call at Mr. Board mans
Mr. King’s Report.
We publish, at a considerable inconvenience,to day,
the very able, clear and conclusive report of the Hon.
Thomas Butler King in regard to the great Pensa
cola enterprise. It is a document of sufficient impor
tance to be entitled to precedence in the columns of
any southern paper. It gives a dignity and a national
bearing to the great enterprise already commenced at
tliis city which places it altogeher above the cavils of
both the interesteed and disappointed. We ask for
the report and memorial a careful perusal.
The Farmers Library.
The March number of this invaluable work is upon
our table The first forty pages are occupied with a
continuation of the publication of Stephens's celebrated
Book of the Farm The Journal as usual is filled
with a variety of useful articles on planting, farming,
anJ gardening, accompanied with suggestions in regard
to almost every climate and soil. We are greatly at a loss
to understand why it is that planters and farmers neg
lect to avail themselves of the important instructions
contained in this important work. At least one hun
dred copies of it ought to be taken in and around Ma
con. It is the Bookofail Books and should be in the
hands of all tillers of the soil. Specimen numbers may be
seen at the Journal Messenger Office.
The State Road.
The contract for the completion of the State Road
from Dalton to Chattanoogu, was, ou the 2let instant,
given to Col. Allen Cochran ol Monroe county, for
the sum of s*#>3,ooo. We understand that the new
Engineer increased the estimate* of Mr. Garnett $40,-
000, making the actual ci*et of the work something
like $415,000. This was done by estimating for heavi
er iron and an increase of Masoury. Col. Cochran
therefore takes the work under the new estimates for ten
tiiousand dollars less than the limitation placed upon
it by the Legislature.
The Telegraph open to Savaunah.
The Savannah Republican of Thursday last an
nounces the completion of the Telegraph to that city.—
The first communication was had with Charleston, on
the day previously, as follows:
‘ Savannah sends her respects to sister Charles
| ton, and hopes she is well.
Your Loving Sister, Savannah.”
Tile second mea-age or uuswer to the above was as
i follows :
“God bless you and the young Ladies.
From the Operator.”
The time of sending the message and receiving the
i answer was D minute#.
The work is rapidly programing between the TJ mile
station and this city, and th* line will be in full opera
tion to Macon in less than a fortnight. We mention
j this fact so that persons desirous ol receiving intelligence
Irom this point may make their arrangements in anti
cipation. __
Thu Goorgiti Ml niuto.l Hen.
The American Slur, p<iVi*heJ in Mexico, states that
a loiter daui at O ivS.iivacs in March, urmtions thut
“ the tro >|* in that quarter were generally Will, ex
cept the Georgia mounted men, who wero dying rapid
ly. The weather wa warm, ih-y hid IrtrJ duly to per
form, an 1 were not particular hi regard to load.” Cuer
navaca • the portionoi Mexico niu.*t generally occupi
ed by the Hugur Planters, uul tliero had been ail insur
rection tliere among th • Indians, winch it is probable the
mounted inenhsdtK'o t mt t > 1 1 *ll. I'.ie sugar estates
are located south of the City of M *xico, 40 to 12)
miles, sit I from thnr peculiar position b tween the
mountains are probably in the hottest part of Mexico, ex
cepting perhaps the (terra culunt*, immediately around
1 Vera Crux.
Minikin to Nnico.
Mr Slviir Minister to Mexico mid Commissioner
with lull powers to conoiude s treaty of peace with that
-ountry passed over the M icon A. Western Road <hi
iiKHiduy last ou his way to Mew Orleans where a vessel
>s in waiting to carry linn to Vera Crux.
Attorney General.
The President lias appointed Mr Gillrtt of New
York Attorney General vice Mr Clifford who has gone
>o Mexico ns sswriate Commissioner with Mr. Hlvier
Sana Mull Ntrameni.
TV New York Sin Mate, that the amount of mon
oy to lie expend-J tufi malting ol the Ocean Mail Hie.in
i up., now txiiliii>4 unier contract m that city, will be
l I aM *3,M0,000
Democratic Interference.
It is plain tint the more canning anl insidious of the
Democracy are striving by e/ ?ry p iisihic rn • ms to ex
cite harsh an 1 improper feeling) b th • frie.i Is of
Messn. Clay and Taylor. The Dmucratic press
manifests evident alarm at th? pjwer an 1 prestige ol
Gen. Taylor’s name and is therefore striving to cist
him in the shade by lauding Mr. Clay to tha skies. The
rank and file of th? party, it is said, cm bold ad by th.*
conduct of tin leaders, hiv • even g >:ie so fir as to min
gle in the meetings of the respective frien Is of those
gentlemen, apparently for the purpose of giving direc
tion to their proceedings or of disturbing their harmo
ny. This latter course was adopted nt the recent Tay
lor demonstration in Baltimore. Til? meeting was
called by the friends of Gen. Taylor without distinc
tion of party, and we believe contemplated a se pc rate
and distinct organization. The Hall was pre-occupied
by a host of rowdies, win, by preconcert, had resolved
to create such a scene of disorder as would prevent all
action. It was estimated that at least two thirds of
them were Democrats, who were most vociferous in
shouting for Clay. The meeting waa fin illy dissolved
and much tumult and the scene altogether is said to
have been a disgraceful one.
The 11. States ami European Capitalists.
The Baltimore American says: “The fact that a
large part of the late government loun was taken by tiic
Rothschilds elicits some observations from the Courier
dcs Etats Unis on the degree of security for invest
ments protTered by our Government and by European
monarchies respectively. The rate of interest iu this
country is higher ; and the profit which the difference
of interest would bring to a house like that ol Roths
child, which lemb its millions to Europe nt four per
cent, while it coulJ readily reulize six from the United
States, is of itself immense.
But not to place the question on that ground, the
Courier considers it in respect solely to security. —
“We must see,” it remarks “an J state the matter frank*
ly:—there is no government on the face of the earth
which offers, we will not say more, but so much, secu
rity for order and stability as that of the U. States.”
The general reason assigned for this declaration is
that this country has passed through the ordeal of change
from monarchical to republican institutions—an or
deal which the nations of Europe, many or all of them
have yet to undergo. The Courier adds:
“That the advent of democracy and of popular sove
reignty is the end towards which all the great powers
of Europe irresistibly tend, is one of those facts which
no man of commoii intelligence can dispute. In vein
do timid hearts and alarmed interests combine to ar
rest this movement < f the social world ; it draws them
on to this and its march may derive only ve
locity and the imprudent efforts which are
made to stop it. Who knows what events, what revo
lutions may grow out of this struggle,—what institu
tions shall spring in the future from the ruins of the
past? Let th i grand social catastrophe in Europe
coine to morrow, —'et the war of democracy hurl its
torch under all those old thrones, which are but wood
covered with velvet, and who dare say that the debt®
of the best of them all, —that the hanks of England ami
of France would not be swept away in this vast confla
gration ! The bank of the United States, with founda
tions almost as solid, disappeared under a storm far less
violent. In truth, in financial disasters, ancient as
well as modem history has taught us that every thing is
possible. That stern record seems even to take pleasure
in showing us that that which popular prejudice regards
as the most impossible, 19 precisely that which is the
least so. In the lexicon ol the philosopher and the finan
cier, in these days yes means no, and no means yes.—
The wise man will no longer assert —he can oniy doubt
“But even if Democracy should become enthroned in
Europe without shocks or disturbances, still the condi
tion of things in the Old World and the New would
not be equal. There this form of government would
be only one step in the path upon which men’9 minds
w r ould be driven by their necessitiesit would not be
an end, but a means, for the leading spirit would look
beyond. Embittered, maddened by that inward com
motion which slavery develops in the intellectual, like
condensation or exhaustion of the air in physical na
ture, these minds would console themselves for the er
rors and defects of reality by the delusions of dreams j
and of utopias. Checked by a r public, they would j
leap beyond it and fall at once into Socialism, which I
to the denial of royalty, adds that of the family and
of property, those two great pillars of the social ed
ifice.”
What was supposed to be conjecture when the above !
was penned a fortnight ago, tnms out to have been re
alitv. France had already undergone the throws of re
volution, and the result anticipated in the concluding
paragph is likely to be fully realized.
Tennessee Coming.
We clip the following from the Chattanooga Gazette
of the 17th instant :
The Steamer Ptckawan, Bledsoe, master, made her
first trip up on the lllth instant having a cargo of ‘361
bales of Cotton consigned to J. G. Did lake & Cos. ami
35 bales to J. F Brooke St. Co—departed next day for |
Decatur. 14th. The George Nicholson from above— i
departed same day tor Decatur. The Sain Martin from
Knoxville—departed next day for Brown's Ferry. Flat
Boat a—Arrived March 15th, James King from Sulli
van county, with two boats,3oo barrels otFlour, Bacon,
Iron,Onions, Chairs, Szc 11th, Robert West front!
Grainger county, with Flour, Peach Brandy, Onion
Sets,Oats, Dried Fruit, Ac. 16th. A. Kettereon from !
Claiborne county, with two boats, with about 90,000 j
pounds of Bacon. 10th. M. W Nelson from Carter
county with Iron and Castings.
Important to Wagoner* —We notice that there in
a large amount of Cotton, Bacon, Ac at the river ready
to be hauled to the head of the Road, and learn that I
there is some thousand bales of Cotton below ready for |
shipment, and destined for Charleston Augusta and Sa
vannah Any number of wagons can be kept constant
ly employed between this and Dalton.
Rome Railroad.
The Coosa River Journal, says the branch road from
Kingston to Rome will be opened to a point within !
about seven miles of Rome by the first of June, and i
that the entire work will be finished in the course of j
the present summer.
Mlllcdgeville Railroad.
The Milledgeville Recorder, mentions that at a re
cent meeting of the Board of Directors of the Milledge
ville and Uordun Railroad Company, it was unanimous- i
ly determined to put the Road under contract, at an:
early day. The Recorder thinks that the work will lie
commenced in the course of a month.
Death ol Col. s. 11. Butler.
The Tallahassee Floridian of the 16th inst. says:"—
“ We learn with the moat sincere regret that Col.
SanrsoN H Birina died at hi. residence in Madison
County, ou Thursday afternoon luM.the 16lli instant
We did not learn the particulars of his death. Col. B
was a native of South Carolina, where he had filled im
portant public atationa, having been elected to Congress
and served hia State with credit and honor. He re
moved to Florida several years since, and had become
a permanent citizen nmong us. lie was universally es
teemed and admired, as a gentleman of high intel
lectual attainments, of amiable and social habits, and
as u warm and devoted Christian—” the highest style
ofman. 1 ’ ilia death is a lorn to our young mil growing
Slate.
sitiitit Anna—his purposes.
Speculation ia rde in regard to ihe views mid purpo
ses of this fallen Chieftain. Some eup|ioa* that under
the armistice, ho w II agnn organize an I equip an army
anil once more try the fortuneaof wur; others, that he
ia striving to urronge ail insurrection upon an citensive
scale ; while the more probuble surmise is, lhat he in
tends to make hit wuy lu Guadalajara, for the purpose
of participating in the revolutionary struggle now in
progress there.
Alinniu In Trouble.
li appears tiint Mr. A. K. Jnimsov, a* admmutru
•or of ihe estate of Benjamin Beckman, ol Pulliam
county, has advertised for sale a lot of land ill DcKalh
county, which embraces about tiro tAmis of the most
jKipulous jiarta of the town of Atlanta The good citl
lrnan! Atlanta, judging from the tone of their press, are
quite indignant und seem disposed lo gel up another
French revolution. We simply mention the abstract
(act without being able to give particular’
Nomnlhing Kitruordlnwrj.
Th* Cltarlcetun .M-rrary of ihe Slat instant, says:—
” During the entire day yesterday, not a bale ol Cotton
was sold in our market This we think is without a
parallel in the history o Cotton business in our city at
this aruson of the year, and is one of the tesitll* of the
establishment of th * Thelegysjilt “
L jropeai Coin aerciai \t-w,.
We fin-1 ill! follow,n- rei,nrk'> in rc-nrd ,u
mereial artkira of Europe at thej-iili,,. o(tlr r l '"®-
m WtlmerltS-mMrt Euroyen Tim; o! the .
| “Al.'.'oagn dm hwWe., only a s |„ Ul ,
I m:ntln ‘h-K'-i'ral a V octot ca.n.n t.v,| nti urs , itl
the pwttwowwki, t ure is, n?v.-r(li le* . ,
| return ofc’onfi len ;e . arUugm .i .lytr,,;,, t |,',abu,,W
lof nun-y al l the easy te.,m on which item h■
K Tn?Wio * -ok, lwr tnrWcot
portancamayba looked 1,., m,,,,*’, „„ th , v
j n-'arly alldejcriptionso! pro It:- I, ,y 0 to tcV-lth ■ 1 “
!*>•<• Tito pro lac- nn km am depre,.*’ , “ ’*’
j holder, generally mani.ejt tirm iew and reirni i ‘ ■ U
prening large parcel, upon the attention of buyers T
: the manafict iring an.l mining part, of the country ,7
I ,alr3 commas to proves.,favorably: both home an ! .
j r.ugn ord-r., are on me hwiwwa, i:. i. erettiax in faT
i proved demand for labor, nn I thereby crusmv w ,
j to rule higher. *
j L n tivity his prevailed in the Cotton market
ring the lost fortnight th in we have had occasion to n*
j lic * n previous publication, and our prices t 0 fa
: cxl,,blt a decline on those last quoted. Durinir th!
( week ending Feb. 19, the demand having lailea oF
j huldersol American, anxious to realize, acceded
| decline of il. to id. per l. Long staple kinds, a* In
j J lB r <ast Indian, maintained the prices we last quoted J
, This w *ek the demand has been exceedingly limited"".
1 but although holders are willing to sell, they are sic rs
l in maintaining the rates previously current. A !
j the causes which have led to this limited demand is tlf.
great reluctance on the part oi m trial icuivrs to pay eu !
hanced rate# in consequence of the extreme di/ficuhy
which th *y experienced m disposing of their iinmifact
ured goods or yarn at higher prices. No doubtfiJ
feeling is greatly induc'd by the uncertainty which |)re .
vails as to whether the rates now current can or wi | >
maintained, and not s> much from the price
We do not offer any opinion on a point ot so much un .
certainty, but would merely observe that, taking ev ,- y !
thing into account—the extent of the new crop, “
now m hand in this country, and the probable a emand
not only for home consumption hut also for exportation
there arc legitimate reasons for considering that t }, ’
prices which we tins day quote will be maintained ll, r a
coneideiable time, if not advanced
The state of trade iu the m ami fact ring districts does
not (Mossess any feature of -uifliei -at important W 'i ( - n
would warrant lengthened c >mm *ut. At Mancli i ; ! r
the demand for Goods and Vara continues very du
and little business doing. Ilolders, however, lookbr h -h
er prices, which buyers are unwilling to pay. The; < , t
returns of the state of employment among the operative
of Manchester shew, in th? course of the week e,i , -
Feb. 22, there were 1633 fewer hands on full ti:, tr,
of that number belong to the Cotton factories. In t ;, e
Woolen districts the report received during the fort
night state that u moderate amount of business is dome
hut without any improvement in p; c >.
At Manchester on the 26th the Parisian newsisrepre
nented as having had u decided effect on the market
I particularly for cloths.
! The price of cotton had accordingly declined especi
ally on the lower grades about a farthing while on the
| better qualities the decline was merely nominal. Fa;r
j uplands were on the 26th quoted at sd. per lb.
The Money Market.
The tightness in the New York money market ap
pears to be on the increase, and loans are negotiated
with more difficulty. Discounts, it is stated, are made
out of Bunk at one to one and a quarter per cent, per
month. A loon is advertised for at seven per cent
secured hy the deposite oi Treasuiy Notes.
The Boston Journal of Wednesday evening says:
Money has been in good demand and the market is
rather tight; for good paper 1 per cent., and m some
instances lfall jier cent, a month has been paid
At Philadelphia, on Thursday, first class paper was
selling in the street at 12 to 15 per cent, per annum.”
At Boston money is represented as being worth 3 $
31 per cent, per month.
Not one ol Unit Sort.
The members of the legal profession should, general
ly speaking, be the healthiest and happiest fellows in the
I world. They have more opportunities to “faugh and
1 grow fat” than any other class of citizens. We cite the
| following as a fair example. It is given in the
Orleans Delta, the Editor of which says he heard it re
cently related, with great effect, by an eniuient member
of the Mississippi Bar :
j “At a session of the Circuit Court of Mississippi, in
some county town, the law yers who were in attendance
were in the habit of putting up at a house of entertain
in?nt kept by a buxom widow lady, of a very higiisense
of propriety and great dignity of deportment. This
lady always presided at the head of the table tiunng
meals, and the place of honor on her right was regard
ed as due to the most staid, proper and elderly member
of the Bar. By unanimous consent of the lawyers.
Colonel B , a very modest, discreet and piomcoun
sellor, was selected for this distinction. Now, though
possessing many sterling virtues, Col. B possessed
one weakness, but it was not a weakness of the head
or of the heart, but of the eyelid. He had the habit oi
winking involuntarily and incessantly, which with per
sons who did not know the cause of it, left an unfavora
ble impression of the Colonel's seriousness and smceri'v
He was eternally being susi>ectedol what he was the lasi
man to conceive of, to-wit: a design of quizzing orjokni- ■
everybody, all on account of the perpetual motion oil
bis eyelids. Well, on the first occ ision the Colonel took ■
possession of the seat nearest to “ uioW uostess, ua ■
bland and amiable expression, an ! dignified address, ■
created quite a favorable impression upon her ladyship ■
Tlie soup was over, and hostess began to ply the Coi3- ■
wl with various tempting dishes, all of wlncn ne dt“ H
clmed or accepted with a pleasant smile, and with htf H
invariable wink. At last it was perceptible to thecoji- H
pany that the hostess was eyeing her dmmgjished H
rather inquiringly and signiiicainly tnes • glw 4 * ’ H
always met hy tlf Colonel with his usual smile and *-:a H
But ihese amiabie demonstration* were far iro.n p <*l- ■
cingihe effect designed upon Madame, who l
frown and look very threateningly at the iinoeeiit C >i- Be
onel, who only sin led and winked tli ■ mare rascriat
ingly. Finally, however, to the very great hurra" o ’ H
the Bar, and the utter annihilation of me worthy l l '*’ H
nel, the hostess slapped the table indignantly
right hand, utid fixing her eyes very pointedly aiJ n •’ Bj
ceiy upon the object of her wratti, cried out at lie UV B 8
of her voice, “You sanctified, weazen-faced ol 1 vii.*m- Bj
I’ll let you know lain not one of them ar sort ‘
might have followed this explosion of wrath, it w
be impossible to conjecture, us the unfortunate b-***”
tor of the weak eyelid decamped in haste from B
of honor, and never ali. rward could be jH-rsuad* . a w
the agreeable to buxom widows ”
A Case ol Swindling.
A man calling himself Win. J. Carpenter and >’
seuting hiuisclt to be from the Commercial kot'htd
Charleston recently swindled the good people ol I* *
hassrout of$6U(W by furnishing them with Bill** 0
amount on the firm of Brown, Shipley St, Cos. of • •*
York. He is represented by the & aimed ss
genteel, prepusamsing appearance; tali, with 1111
whisker* and (/coure) a goatee. He was dine
wined, cultivated by the cotton buyer* and admire”
the ladies as a lU'srt exquisite gentleman
non these fact* not with any expectation
ting lo the delection of Iba financier in queano”
simply to remind our citizen# that there may bele* >
ol “the same sort left.” The ouly way to he - L ’ j
against the recurrence of such mishaps, is to a ‘ J
monied operatiuns with strangers and especially *’
who wear muztachet or g oaten !
Walking Hie Plunk.
Th* Atlanta Miscellany of tlirßlst
only removal that we have heard of since III*
cy's arrival is lliat of the Agent at Kig**oi>’
been compelled to make room tor n , |frt
from Athens—a relative of Mr. Mitchell,
Pity that the Cherokee country i
of trustwortliy men, that the Chi*fEW' M *
to import men from distant aeetion* ol i ‘ *
tlie minor ofticea on the Road
A Capilul MM
7lm* Auguita Chronufo ami f|
The ofipoeiiimi ot tfo* Amthtrn &****_ |gn#r
) tfitnon >f intniilncturaa. 1 . sn nee
| saving machinery at the 8 m'h remits * -.jjtinJ'*
! dote pleasantly tol lby Hir Wxi.rta - Vj iM
, the introduction of fanning mill* •"•”
I Holland,about a cenluty ag” • Jea*J
” Vnur ladyship ... J the Stewmt I. M ’ * £ Is*
propose, that my son Cud lie should ltd
1 with ti new (angled machine for dig t „ j p.vi
tile Mirth thus impiously thwarting 1 . ,„# p* 1
Providence, by raising wind lor yo’ ’™*^ i „ng ‘ 1
liculsr use, by hunum srt,im*cad gigeiiu' w
prsyer or waiting patiently > ot ,***'..g opo*’ 1,1
|of wind Providence wa* pies'-’ 0
- heeling lull H