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GEORGIA JOURNAL & MESSENGER
MAIX)N. TUESDAY JULY 23, 1869.
RADICAL Ml TTERWIiH.
The electiou iu Virginia has been a
heavy bio v and great discouragement to
the Radicals. They are genen&ly disap
pointed. They expected to hold the State
in the thraldom of a piebald radicalism,
to add two Senators and ten Congressmen
to their strength in the Federal Legisla
ture, to have a good working majority in
both Houses of the General Assembly, to
have Wells, of Michigan, for Governor,
and to give the administration of the local
ghvernment to such white Underwoods
and black Lindsays, as being unable to
earn an honest living, have devoted them
selves to the dishonest service of Radical
ism, and now claim the wages of their
labor.
They were not without some hope, too,
that they would carry the disfranchise
ment and test oath clauses, and thus es
tablish for an indefinite'period an Afri
can-Jeremy-Diddier government over the
land of Washington, Jefferson, Mason,
and Patrick Henry.
Beaten at all points, they now threaten
to nullify the election by a resort to the
desperate means of refusing to admit the
.State into the Uniou under the Constitu
tion adopted by the people, and they hint
that General Grant shares their disap
pointment, and will conuive at the com
mission of the proposed act of bad faith
and lawlessness, unless Governor Walker
cuts loose from “ the Democrats and ex
rdbels with whom he is affiliated.”
We do not and cannot believethat Gen
eral Grant will lend himself to any such
course of conduct, or that he has paid any
encouragement to the political despera
does who propose it. Every step in the
Virginfa emotion was taken iu strict con
formity with the requirements of Con
gress. The proposed Constitution was
before Congress when ttie act was passed
providing for its submission to the people
in separate clauses. By that act it was
provided that the people should accept or
reject those clauses, and without perfidy
hitherto unknown,even in Radical history,
we cannot see how Congress can refuse to
ratify the will of the people expressed ex
actly as the Reconstruction bill prescribed.
It is not pretended that the officers
elected in Virginia’ were illegally chosen.
No one voted who »was not registered by
a Radicai by a Radi
cal Governor, and all the votes were taken
and counted by Radical officials selected
expressly for the purpose. The only
question that remains, then, is, are the
officers so elected legally eligible? Are
they qualified ? They possess the qualifi
cations required by tiie State Constitution
as adopted, minus the disfranchisement
and test oath clauses inserted by its
framers. What other qualifications can
be demauded ?
The election was held as Congress di
rected. The whole proceeding from be
ginning to end was mauaged, supervised
and controlled by Radicals. Where, then,
can Congress find an excuse for nullifying
what Virginia has done and refusing her
ad i ission into the Uniou? They can find
none; and if they reject the result of the
election and continue to exclude the State,
they can only do so because the Radicals
could not control votes enough to elect
their own candidates. They have com
mitted many arbitrary and law defying
acts, but we hardly believe that even
Forney will dare to recommend them to
violate their pledges and cover themselves
with anew coat of infamy, because they
were out-voted ata fair election.
It is hard, of course, tosee Wells obliged
to return to obscurity iu Michigan, to lose
the able counsel of Uuderwood uud Lind
say in the senatorial seats once filled by
Hunter and Mason, and to forego the re
inforcement of their strength by ten full
blooded Radical Congressmen from New
England. It is hard to know that Vir
ginians will rule Virginia, and hardest of
all it is to feel that Africans have helped
to bring about tills deplorable result by
their support of Walker. But it cannot
be helped. It is far wiser for Sumner,
Forney and Boutwell with tears in their
eyes and tremulous accents to say :
“’l’is true ’tis pity; pity ’tls ’tis true,”
accept the situation, and keep their
pledges for once for tiie sake of variety.
ROOFM ANSI HOOP’S EMIGRATION SCHEME
From what we learn of Mr. Koopman
'choop’s scheme for the importation of
k of Chinese laborers to work
l! ‘ r g« •* stations, railroads, aud canals,
on the plants a mi workshops of the
and in the faetoi.„ t will meet
South, we do not think tnat t: nog
with much favor. The Chinese map p* r ,
sess all the good qualities whicli he at
tributes to them. They may possess the
industrial versatility which he claims for
them, hut we suppose that eveu Koopmau
schoop will admit that there are many of
them who are lazy, vicious, incompetent,
aud worthless. T«r»<j'>iro therefore,each
piauter or contractor to pay SIOO iu gold
in advance for eacli laborer he orders im
ported, and then to pay sl2 per month in
gold as wages, must, to say the least of it,
limit very considerably the number of or
ders which will be given to the Coolie im
porter.
We were led to imagine that the chief
recommendation of Chinese labor tor tiio
Mouth, wu its cheapues9; that tlie C oolies
would be content with much atnallei
wages, less food, etc., than are now given
to negroes ; but this cannot be asserted
»uy longer when an advance of SIOO and
inouthly wages of sl2 (both in coin) are
required, and that without any security
being giveu that the laborer will suit.
We rather think, however desirable it
may be to have a large supply' of Coolies,
that we must wait for the luxury', until j
they' come here of their own accord, aud
we can select our pig-tails for ourselves.
It would be a good scheme, no doubt, for
Mr. Koopuianschoop. He could make a
gigantic fortune by the operation, but we
do not see wherein the Southern planter
or contractor would find his protit, while
we can see wherein he might lose heavily.
If our people are patient, they may de
pend ou getting as mauy Coolies as they
waut before long. Let those who are most
eager make the experiment with Koop
mauschoop, and then we shall know bet
ter what to do, when we see for ourselves
bow the machine works.
UE.VI H OK LORD TAUNTON.
Late cable dispatches from Loudon an
nounce the death of Lord Taunton, better
known as the Right Honorable Henry
Labouchere, a distinguished British
statesman, who has filled several high of
tices in the Eoglish Government, and
served in Parliament for many years.
He was horn in Londou in the year
1798 was educated at Eton, and Oxford.
Entered Parliament in 1826, and represen
ted the Borough of Taunton from 1830 un
til 1859 when he was raised to the peer
age by’the title of Baron Taunton. A
lordship of the Admiralty, the Presidency
of the Board of Trade, Chief Secretary
ship of Ireland and the Secretaryship of
the Colonies, were among the appoint
ments which he held under successive
Whig administrations.
In early life, in company with the pres
ent Earl of Derby, aud Mr. Evelyn Deni
son, Speaker of the House of Commons,
he made an extensive tour in the United
States. He was married twice, first to a
daughter of Sir Thomas Baring, wnodi r '
in 1850, and secondly to Lady O'*
Howard, daughter jy"'
Tse deceased jj
year.
THE TRIAL OF TURNER.
We have no disposition to prejudice by
any remarks of ours the case of the un
happy negro to whom circumstances, the
evil disposition of a fanatical faction, an
unjust policy, and the indiscreet counsel
of professed friends, have given an unfor
tunate prominence aud notoriety.
If he he guilty of the grave offeßCe with
which he stands charged, we hope that he
may he punished as the law directs ; and
if iiis guilt be not fully proved, we trust
1 1 1 at he may be acquitted.
He ought not to he held responsible for
the humiliation and cruel injustice done
to the inhabitants of this city and the
people of Georgia, by his appointment to
the office from which he has been just
suspended. That be is morally, intellec
tually, and socially unfit for such an office
is as well known to those who conferred
it upon him, as it is to us ; but if it proves
to those who, knowing his ignorance and
want of capacity, appointed him to a posi
tion of high trust in order to gratify an
unjust malice against our people, that
such acts are degrading only to their au
thors, we shall be compensated for the
injury that lias been done us.
Whether Turner be adjudged guilty or
innocent of the crime of counterfeiting
with which he stands charged, we appre
hend that sufficient has been proved to
convince the most rabid and vindictive
Radicals that the policy which dictated
tiie appointment is false, and should be
abandoned, aud that the party that ele
vates vice, ignorance and stupidity, to
places only to he filled by virtue, capacity
and intelligence, will be condemned to
eternal infamy, even though it may plead
a desire to‘‘make treason odious” in ex
tenuation of its guilt.
W e have probably done with Turner as
an agent of political and social discord iu
our State, and the moral of the lesson
taught by his undue elevation and igno
minious fall will not, we trust, be un
heeded either by tiie faction which used
him as a tool for their base designs, or by
tiie race to which he belongs.
THE TEST OATH IN VIRGINIA.
General Uanby persists in his construc
tion of tiie law, which requires ttie mem
bers elect of the Legislature of Virginia
to subscribe tiie iron clad oath before they
can take their seats.
As it is notorious that nineteen out of
every twenty of those members cannot
take such an oath, and that nine hundred
and ninety-nine of every thousand of the
white population of Virginia caunot take
it, it would seem that General Canby is
anxious to do indirectly what he was not
permitted to do directly, and to defeat the
will of the people so recently emphati
cally expressed, by excluding from the
Legislature almost every mail of promi
nence, respectability, and decent popular
ity iu the State.
Precisely the same question arose in this
State about this time last year. It was
pretended by tiie Radicals, who were
frightened by tiie election of a number of
respectable white men to the General As
senibly, that the Reconstruction Acts re
quired all provisional office holders to
take the test oath, aud as the members of
tiie Legislature were said to be office hold
ers and provisional, until Congress accept
ed tiie Constitution, ergo General Meade
should not allow any member to take his
seat whocould notswallow theDuuderberg
without a wink or a wry face.
Fortunately for Georgia General Meade
took a different view. He held that all
that tiie law required was that the mem
bers should swear to support tiie Consti
tution of tiie United States and the new
Constitution of Georgia; hut in order to
he doubly sure, be telegraphed to General
Grant for instructions, and promptly re
received a reply approving his opinion
and ordering him not to require members
of tiie Legislature to take the test-oath.
The cases are exactly ideuctial. What
was the law for unreconstructed Georgia
witli George G. Mead*, as Major General
commanding, is equally the law of unre
constructed Virginia, with E. C. Canby,
as Major General commanding. There
can be no disputed construction of the
law,because General Grant, as the Court of
final appeal appointed by Congress, de
cided tiie question fully aud clearly ; aud
Congress itself, through its Judiciary
Committee, gave a similar interpretation
of the law iu tiie case of Louisiana, in a
letter to tiie Governor of that Btate.
To rule otherwise now would expose
General Canby to very harsh and well
I founded popular censure, because liis act
will be attributed to partizanship aud not
to conscientious discharge of duty —to a
desire to gratify a few disappointed Radi
cals, heedless of the consequences to the
masses of the suffering and injured people
whom he has been appointed to govern.
All tiie Republican papers of respecta
bility and influence oppose his proposed
| course, and many Radical journals con
demn it as uuwise and impolitic.
We make the following extract from a
recent article in the New York Tribune,
which is so unusually just iu its counsel
aud moderate in its tone—so clearly in
favor of the acceptance of the election in
good faith as a finality—that we commend
its perusal by ail Radicals, and especially
by tiie Major General commanding who
sets up his construction of a law iu oppo
sition to the judgment of many men his
superiors iu army rank, in legal knowl
edge, and iu political wisdom.
Here is what the Tribune say 9 :
‘‘Every nue should take the oath of
fidelity to the Government aud Constitu
| tion, but not be required to swear that he
I never gave aid or comfort to the rebellion,
i It seems to us a strained construction of
existing laws which require this.
‘‘There is nothing to be gaiued by shut
ting out of tiie new Legislature two-score
or so of the foremost men of the State.
ic . * * * * *
“’• - » *■ ‘-O'-'-.r-Vv isf the Walker
“TfftY recSbfd^.ital^?/ 1 o'. u ’ aequies
party was won on the ground*. Gi f Cosn ‘
£res e with 8 reco , Ustruction policy' this"va:
gresi, with resistance to auy further’o’ •
other penalties or proscriptions than are I
of e tb!*V!i t b rth - Dl,ubtless - a majority I
soiAevi reen would have preferred 1
assented to these, and they knOUJxev have !
to them, aud dealt with accordingly.”
THE DEATH OF THE REV. R. K. PORTER.
We sincerely regret to learn the death,
at Atlanta, on the 15th iust., of the Rev.
R. K. Porter, pastor of the Central Pres
byteriau Church in that city.
We have known Mr. Porter for many
years Wo fanew him Ilrst as Chaplain
the command of Gen. T. R. R. Cobb, in
the Army of Northern Virginia, and sub
sequently in the discharge of his ministe
rial duties at Bath and at Atlanta.
In the fullest acceptation of the words,
Mr. Porter was a good mau —kind, earn
est, sincere, tolerant, charitable aud ge
nial. Devoted to the labors of his high
calling, lie worked with all lii9 heart aud
beyond his strength, and though repeat
edly warned to take some rest aud recrea
tion, he struggled on and fell iu the har
ness.
We offer our sincere condolence to his
bereaved family and to his congregation.
Mr. Porter was born at Cedar Springs,
S. C., ou January 1, 1827, graduated at the
Tj Diversity of South Carolina, aud entered
the ministry immediately after he left the
University.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT ENTERPRISE.
We are glad to learu that a number of our
prominent and euterprisiug citizens con
template the formation of a company,
with a capital of $150,000 or $200,000, for
the manufacture and sale of fertilizers,
and that it is probable they will purchase
from the Central R. R. Cos., fine buildings
and depot now used by that Company, at
East Macon.
From what we kuow of the character
aud standing of the gentlemeu connected
with this projected enterprise, we feel as
sured that whatever they may do will be
well doue, and should they carry out
their project, the people of Georgia will
have reason to thank them for a great ser
vice rendered.
The company will he called the Geor
gia Fertilizing Company, and will apply
for a charter at an early day, to the Su
perior Court of Bibb county.
DEATH OF -OLD AUNT JENNY.”
We see it announced in the Milledge
ville papers that “old aunt Jenny Lamar”
is dead.
The history of this old negro woman is
a practical refutation of the slanders,
which Northern journals have been in the
habit of publishing iu relation to the
treatment of slaves by Southern owners.
Jeuuy was the slave of Col. Jack Lamar,
father of *»ur lamented fellow-citizen, Col.
John B. Lamar, aud of Mrs. Howell Cobb.
Sbe was a faithful and favorite servant,
and since the death of her master has
been fed, lodged, clothed and attended at
the expense of General and Mrs. Cobb.
For more than thirty amazement V£ e 1
ness, aud wbe n - av '“V behind her, and
Milledgey iiver her, kissed her with a
that made my “mouth water.”
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC NEWS.
—Austria will probably adopt the French
system of international coinage. It would
willingly adopt her coin too.
—The “Life of the late Earl of Dundon
sld,” better known as Lord Cochrane, will
shortly be published by Mr. Bentley. The
editor is the present Earl of Dundouaid.
—The subject for tire prize essay for the
gold medal of the Cobden Club, for 1859,
is ‘‘Free Trade in its Relation to the Colo
nies and Dependencies of Great Britain.”
—A bi-monthly literary publication of
high character, si uilar iu appearance and
size to the Revue des Deux Mondes , and
named La Ravista de Espana, has been
brought out at Madrid.
—Dr. W. H. Russell, who accompanied
the Prince and Princess of Wales on a
visit to Egypt, Turkey, Greece, aud the
Crimea, is preparing for immediate publi
cation a narrative of bis tour.
—The Emperor of the French is diligent
ly at work on the concluding volume ot
the ‘‘Life of Caesar.” He has nearly com
pleted it, and it is expected that the work
will be published soon.
—The Breitmann Ballads are real suc
cesses in London. Mr. Charles Leland,
their author, has just arrived in England,
and has been very well received in literary
circles.
—Mr. Bala is atwmt to write a pamphlet
on hats, in the interest of a Manchester
hatter. This versatile g ntleman seems
to have no objection to this kind of work,
for at least half-a-dozen of his smartly
written articles are given away by Lon
don tradesmen.
Charles Elam, M. D., of London, in a
paper bearing tiie title of ‘‘Medicine, Dis
ease, aud Death,” claims that medical
science, or rather medical control over dis
ease in general, lias retrograded, instead
of advanced, with the wonderful develop
ment, within tiie past thirty years, of th j
sciences tributary to medicine.
—Mr. E. Deutsch, of 'lalmud fame, has
returned to London from his Eastern jour
ney, with curious additions to tiie special
knowledge of scholars in Semitic an
tiquities. Mr. Deutsch has deciphered
the inscriptions on the “great stones” of
the Temple platform, and finds them to
be the Phceuician masons’ marks. He is
stated also to have recovered the lost
letters of the Maccabean Hebrew alptiabet.
—The late Mr. J. G. Bell, of Manches
ter, spent half a life-time in illustrating a
folio edition of the Holy Bible. The
work grew under his hands, and at his
death the accumulation of engravings,
photographs ami original drawings, was
so large that it filled 63 folio volumes.
This Bible is now for sale. Tiie celebrated
Bowyer Bible reached only forty-five vol
umes, but then photography had not
come into general use.
—The progress made in piercing the
tunnel through the Alps, continues to he
most satisfactory. Os tiie length of 13,000
yards, originally contracted for, to be tun
nelled, they had cut through, on the Ist
of May, 1868, 10,200 yards, ieaving only
2,800 yards to be pietced at that day. Cal
culating for the future an average month
ly cutting of 120 yards, we may expect
this immense undertaking to be completed
iu about two years hence.
—Theaccounts given of the new subma
rine steamship, invented by Otta Vogel,
sound fabulous, and yet tiie Berlin Bor
senzeitung, asserts that the Prussian Ad
miralty has approved of the plans sub
mitted to them for inspection. The ves
sel, covered with strong platting, is en
tirely below the surface of the sea, with
the exception of the deck, which issur
mounted by a vaulted iron roof of im
mense strength. Beneath this covering
heavy guns are placed so that the whole
greatly resembles a first-rate iron-clad It
is said, however, that besides all the ad
vantages of such tnen-of-war, the new
ship may be entirely submerged, aud in
this position is so completely under com
mand that it can outweather a storm or
attack an enemy, with submarine can
non and torpedoes. Mr. Vogel is now
engaged in constructing a large model, 24
feet in length, which will soon be finish
ed.
IMPORTANT TO AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES.
Macon, Ga., July 17th, 1869.
The Secretary of ttie Agricultural Socie
ty requests tiie city papers to re-publish
tiie following form of a constitution for
Agricultural Societies, as we often receive
requests for copies. He suggests further
that the formation of county clubs and
tiie representation by delegation of their
societies in the great eouveutiou, which
will be held during the Fair, will be a
matter of some importance to these socie
ties and delegates in the way of extra
privileges and advantages afforded them
as such. Some forty societies, with tiie
names of officers atui members, are already
received and enrolled.
Papers of the State please copy.
David VV. Lewis, Sec.
FORM OF CONSTITUTION FOR COUNTY
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The undersigued, citizens of county,
by affixing their names to the subjoined
Constitution, and by paying annually two
dollars for membership, or ten dollars for
life membership, do form themselves into
an organization to be dnown as the
County Agricultural Society—the objects
of which will be encouragement of all im
provement iu agriculture, and of all the
kindred arts and sciences which tend to
increase the profits and pleasures of agri
cultural labor, and render home life on the
farm attractive and happy.
The officers shall be a President, elected
by ballot by tiie members present at the
close of each annual meeting; one Vice-
President from each militia district iu
the county ; a Secretary and aTreasurer —
all elected iu the same manner at the
same time.
These officers shall constitute an Execu
tive Committee, who shall have the pow
er to fix tiie time and place of holding the
annual meetings and fairs, and to pre
ist ibe the rules aud regulations to be ob
’•* jved in tiie management of the same.
Bci t shall also be the duty of this commit
ser to encourage ite monthly meetiugs of
I Society, especially during the period
for and the tillage of the
„ rn ps; and to bring before such meetings
those topics and questions for colloquial
debate, but calculated to keep up the
work and the spirit of improvement. It
snail further be tiie duty of this committee
and of its individual members, to procure,
from time to time, written essays and ad
dresses on appropriate subjects from per
sons distinguished for their success in agri
culture. o; for their learniug in the kindred
arts and sciences.
The Secretarial! kc~p a full and per
fect record of iue proceedings of the So
ciety.
The Treasurer shall make, whenever
called upon by the Society or Executive
Committee, a full exhibit of the financial
affairs of the Society, and be the keeper of
the Society’s funds.
The President shall have the to
call a special meeting of the Committee or
the Society when, in his opinion, the in
terest of the Society requires it.
THE CROPS.
Caliioun County.—The corn crop of
Calhoun county is safe; plenty will be
made to do the cou ut> , and the prospect
good for a cotton crop. It is thought that
the corn trade of Dawsou will be slim next
summer. So mote it be.
Taliaferro County.—A letter from
Crawfordsville says: “We are very dry
here, wautiug raiu badly. Corn is suffer
ing greatly, aud this crop will be cut short
if we get uo.raiu soou. Tiie gardens are
burned up ”
Terrell County.—We hear favorable
reports from almost every section of our
country as to crops, weather and health,
but there are localities that need raiu aud
the corn crop has suffered materially in
consequence thereof.
Dooly County. —The crops in this sec
tion are promising an abundant harvest,
aud this fact is remarkable from the dearth
of sufficient rain in this portion of the
country. Our freedmen are deportiug
themselves commendably.
Washington County.— A subscriber
to the Savauuah News, writing from San
dersville under date of 13tb, says: “We
have had some very dry weather in this
county, which, if not relieved soon by
rain, will cause the crops to suffer. The
crops at present are generally good.”
Elbert County.— The Elberton Ga
zette says : “From all parts of the county
we learn that the crops are suffering for
the want of rain. In some places there
has not been a good season for about six
or seven weeks, and the prospect for a corn
crop is very gloomy. We understand that
wheat has taken a sudden rise in conse
quence of the diy weather.”
Putnam County.— The Eaton ton Press
says: “Since our la9t issue we have been
enduring the warmest weather of the sea
son—thermometer ranging from eighty
| ine to one hundred degrees in the shade.
Immediately about Eatontou we are not
lfl'ering or rain, but in some sections of
e country the farmers areon the anxious
;ch. Iu several instances we have in
nd there has been no rain on the farm
three weeks past.”
GEORGIA JOURNAL AND MESSENGER
SCIENCE AS A PROFESSION.
We devote a considerable portion of our
available space this morning to the publi
cation of the able, timely, and instructive
address of Professor VV. Leroy Broun to
the Senior Class of the University of
Georgia.
The address will well repay perusal.
Every youDg man, especially those who
are about to graduate and select their fu
ture calling iu life ought to give careful
attention to the great truths which it con
tains, and principally to that portion of it
which refers to the ‘‘dignity of labor”
and the claims of “practical science ”
Our legislators are recommended to
study that part of the address which sets
forth the necessity for the appointment of
a State Geologist to point out the great
mineral resources of Georgia, and thus fa
cilitate their development, and the value
which would be derived from an accurate
survey of the State such as wa9 ordered
in Virginia a couple of years ago.
In consenting to publish this address,
Rrofessor Broun has placed the people of
Georgia under obligations to him, and for
the compliment he has paid us iu placing
his manuscript at our disposal, we beg
him to accept our thanks.
ADDRESS TO THE SENIOR CLASS OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA.
DELIVERED BY PROF. W. LEROY BROUN.
Gentlemen of the Senior Class :
J am here to-night at your solicitation
to speak to you of work —not hand-work,
but braiu-work; aud not braiu-work
alone, but brain-work and hand-work
combined. “Six days slialt thou labor,”
is the command of G>d. Labor isthe-eou
ditiou of life; accept it with joy, for ther«t
is no happiness without it. 1 am sure yoti
are prepared to do this ; but in this inter
esting period of your life’s history, being
about to enter the arena aud take part iu
ttie battle of life, the anxious question
arises with each, how shall I labor?—in
what direction should my efforts be di
rected?
You enter life at a peculiar period—at a
period which will be marked in history as
the transition state. The elements of so
ciety have not yet returned to a condition
of equilibrium. An old civilization has
passed away, to be known hereafter only
in history ; now to be replaced by anew
one. What is the genius of this new con
dition—of this new civilization iu which
you are to take part? Surely, it becomes
you to consider it well, to appreciate it
properly, to lay aside, to bury deep, deep,
far down, all prejudice, aud to accept with
its fullest meaning this new philosophy
of our present civilization—of the dignity
of labor. That is it, gentlemen; that is
the distinctive characteristic of this new
order that is, iu future, to mark the civili
zation of our people—the dignify of labor,
the dignity of work, both hand-work and
brain-work. Does it require a demonstra
tion to show you that to speak of the
dignity of labor is anew philosophy?
Consult your own prejudices, cousult the
unfortunate prejudices that you have
legitimately inherited. Not many years
ago a young mechanic invented a sewing
machine. Under the old order that ruled
with us, that fact would have militated
against him, and been regarded as a social
objection, aud yet Howe lived to acquire,
as the result of his geuius, au immense
fortune, and to he entertained by tiie
crowned heads of Europe as one of the
benefactors of his race.
Unfortunately there needs no demon
stration that there exists a necessity to
adopt a profession ; art, science, literature
cannot be pursued for their own sake.
There exists the unfortuuate necessity
that your profession 9ball contribute to
your support. This, then, will be with
you one of tiie controlling motives iu its
selection. I speak generally. You must,
gentlemen, he producers—not consumers.
You must create wealth. It is a plain
proposition there can be no high develop
ment in art or literature without leisure,
aud there cau be no leisure without
wealth. Hence tiie necessity of adopting
that profession that will create the means
of affording the leisure necessary for high
social development.
In selecting a profession, there is an im
portant preliminary question necessary
for you first to decide. It is this : Do you
wish to be something, or do you wish to
do something? Great mistakes are some
times made from failing to distinguish
properly between these questions. It is
a very common desire professed by men,
young men especially, to be something;
but to do something is not generally so
ardently cherished. The profession of
law has always been extensively popular
amoug our young men of the South, and
even retains its popularity at the present
day. A close examination of its young
voiaries would no doubt reveal the fact
that a large majority are of that class who
were eminently desirous of being some
thing. It was generally adopted iu for
mer years, not as an end, but as a means
of promotion in political life. That was
the controlling motive in many instances,
aud that now is tiie cause of prejudice in
its favor. The mistake is, that law, as iu
former days, is no longer the royal road to
political preferment, and if you select that
profession, iu itself one of the noblest,
adopt it as au end and not as a means, to
be prostituted to low ambition.
In connection with the very general
preference among the young men of the
South for the profession of law, I would
mention just here what I regard as a radi
cal error in regard to the object of educa
tion. I lately heard a distinguished gen
tleman express this view, with which I
imagine some of you may agree—that the
object of education was “to teach a man to
write well and speak well.” From this I
totally dissent. As well judgeof the char
acter of a mau by the dress he wears, as of
his ideas by the words in whicli they are
clothed. Tiie object of educition is to
teach a man to think well and act well.
Do not, then, rely for success upon the
talent for declamation or oratory you may
possess. Depend upon it you will find the
world wants acts, not words—deeds, not
speeches.
There is one profession whose claims I
would commeud toymi most heartily—one
excelled only by that of the ministry. I
allude to the profession of teaching. There
has been an unfortunate habit among our
young men of the South to adopt the pro
fession of teaehiug as a means to be aban
doned for that of law, or some other, iu a
few years. When adopted as a profession
as au end, facts show, apart from tiie
means of doing good offered, that it affords
splendid opportunities for eminent dis
tinction. Now, especially, is the field in
viting to you. The demaud for education
was never greater. Education, more
than ever before, will constitute the
great distinction between men with U 9
iu future. This fact is recoguized. We
want every where iu the South, but es
pecially iu Georgia—and of Georgia I now
speak—primary schools, grammar schools
aud high schools. We would appeal to
our young men to establish high
schools everywhere in the State They
will then educate the thousands of teach
ers now needed for the primary schools. I
would have you preserve copies of the ex
aminations to which you have been sub
jected, especially of those which form the
basis of all education, and be not content
till you can subject your pupils to precise
ly the same examinations in mathematics
aud ancient languages, that you have ju3t
passed. Then we will have progress.
Then, we here, can build a story higher.
I appeal to you not alone from motives of
patriotism, but from that laudable ambi
tion that fills the breast of every noble
young man, of meriting the approbation
of liis fellow men, to examine well the
claims of this profession. But one mo
ment longer in regard to this subject of
education. You mu9t not make the mis
take of supposing you have completed
yours. You have just begun. Education
is a matter of life, aud not a few years at
college. You have here learued some
thing of many things, now you have to
learn much of something. Now you will
have to sharpen your wedge and iearu to
drive it with the sharp end foremost.
While I would guard you against this
mistake in respect to your own education,
I would caution you iu regard to a popu
lar error, that the masses are educated by
teaching them the three R’s. For, as ha!s
been observed, with the three R’s a fourth
Ris apt to go along— Rascaldom. Integri
ty and virtue, truth and honor, constitute
a i etter foundation for the superstructure
of society ihan a superficial knowledge of
three R’s. without the manly virtues! 5
But, gentlemen, you wish to know some
thing of the claims of science as a profes
sion. You live in an ageof steam and elec
tricity. These are the agents of modem civ
ilization. They constitute the bodv and
spiritofmodern life; one transports matter,
the other thought. And now, thanks to
your Alma Mater, she does not send you
forth to do battle with this modern artil
lerey, armed alone with the RomaQfiij er ..
sword and Grecian shield: *
taken somewhat to put you in harmony
with the generation of which you firm a
part; to fit you somewhat for contact with
these new elements of civilization. And
here let me say there is no place in science
for men who simply want to besometbiug.
Science is a jealous mistress, and exacts
increasing attention. Her votariessbriuk
from no labor however great. Hence, to
men who want to do something, she ex
tends an inviting hand. Our own South
wauts men; the demand is greater than
the9upply. I have no sympathy what
ever with a young man at the present day
who sits, complaining that he can find
nothing to do. Why, sir, if you really
want to do something, there are hundreds
of men now looking for you. You are the
very mau they want, if he supply can
never equal the demand for men of your
character.
Our own South is to be developed and
made to blossom as the rose by these
modern agents of progress, through your
instrumentality; you are to do it. You
know the influence of railroads, you kuow
the wealth they have created; what in
fluence they are yet to have will be in
comparably greater than that already ex
erted by them. In 1867 there were nearly
.40,000 miles of railroad in the United
States. The tonnage moved by them was
over 48,000,000 tons. This would make
produce to tiie value of $7,200,000,000,
moved by the railroads iu one year ; more
than double the national debt. Accord
ing to the authority of those versed in
these matters, this value is increasing iu
something like a geometrical progression,
upon a preseut ratio of $300,000,000 a yaar.
Take this iu connection with the rapid
increase of our population, aud what will
be the rapid iucrease in this State through
immigration, especially when Georgia
forms that intimate union with the West,
which will result from the great Cincin
nati Trunk Railroad? Consider this won
derful annual iucrease in tiie products of
our country, iu the facilities for trans
portation aud in the number of its people.
Is there no demand here for work, both
haud-work and brain work?
In former days freight was carried by
water ; now, trade being governed by the
telegraph, water communication is too
slow, aud the railroad is successfully com
peting with the river even in the trans
portation of produce. Hence the necessity
of the increase of railroads, and the grow
ing demand there will be for many years
to come of the application of science in
this direction. Has the mineral wealth of
Georgia been developed? Where will we
get information ou the subject? Has a
physical survey of the State been made?
None that lam aware of. What we need
here iu Georgia right now, is an accurate
survey of the State—a topographical sur
vey of eacli county; we want a careful
estimate of tiie immense water power of
the State—an estimate of this immense
wealth, for power is wealtli that is now
suffered to remain unproductive iu our
midst; we need more defiuite knowledge
of tiie geological formations of the State
description of its plants, its minerals, its
climate and all its resources. In short, a
History of the natural wealth of Georgia.
Such a history would be of immense value
to our people, and would exert great influ
ence in causing Georgia to maintain her
proud pasi Jon of the Ernpiie State of the
South. Shall the survey be made? Shall
tiie history be written? If so you are to
do it. The educated young men of the
State are to take the initiation. Hence
ttiere is a wide field for usefulness far more
attractive, far more manly than tiie old
lia ’iueyed office-seeking road of tiie poli
tician. But cannot something be done in
this department? It must receive the
sanction of, and be undertaken by the
Sta'e. Individual enterprise caunot and
will not accomplish it. But the State can
accomplish it. I liink of it, see the great
results that will How from it, agitate it.
Use your influence to have it done, a id it
will be doue ; for you are desliued soon to
have control.
I have unbounded confidence in tiie
educated young men of the South. There
is a bright future before you, there is a
great work to be done. Lend no listening
ear to the complaining tones of those who
sigh for the days of ttie past. Look be
fore you, and not behind you ; ami with
y ur aid this new Georgia of the future
wili far excel, in ail the elements of great
ness, the glory of ttie historic Georgia of
the past. With a climate unsurpassed,
we have a soil peculiarly adapted to tiie
growth of cotton. This constitutes our
agricultural wealth. But this raw mate
rial is trebled and quadrupled in value by
the manufacturer. Are you. then, to spend
your days iu discussing local political
questions; in making political harangues
at tiie cross roads, and leave to others to
amass ttie wealth accruing from the ap
plication of science to the manufacture of
our raw material ? Hre we have the raw
material, and there is tiie water power.
We want tiie men of science, skilled in
mechanics, to bring these two together;
to unite them indissolubly, and thus
treble the wealth of the State. But
Georgia wauts not only men skilled in
the manufacture of cotton; 9he needs
practical chemists to develop the mineral
wealth, and scientific machinists—men
qualified to superintend aud direct the
manufacture of the various agricultural
implements, and of the numberless ma
chines needed by a prosperous aud grow
ing people.
Besides the manufacture of textile fab
rics, we may refer you to the immense
importance of tiie production of iron aud
steel from the mineral ores. The aunual
production of iron is far more valuable
thau that of gold. It has done more to
assist civilization iu its onward march
than any other of the mineral prrductious.
Deprive tiie world of the use of iron and
the car of progress would roll back centu
ries. In 1856, over six auu a half millions
of tons of iron were aunually consumed.
Great Britaiu alone produced more than
half the iron of the world, and now pro
duces more than twice as many tons of
iron annuaily as the South does of bales
of cotton, and yet the demand equals the
supply, so infinite is the variety of uses to
which it is applied. You ail know the
tedious aud expensive process of manufac
turing steel, as formerly adopted ; aud you
are no doubt familiar with the iugenious,
scientific processes introduced by Mr.
Bessemer, of England, by which cast iron
from the furnace lias such an amount of
carbon burnt out as to be converted di
rectly into steel, at a gteatly reduced cost.
Have such honor and fortunes, as Mr.
Bessemer aud Sir Win. Armstrong have
received, no attractions for the talented
young men of the South ? A9 great as the
improvements are that have been made,
still greater are yet to be made. Skilled
scientific mechanics constitute a power in
any land. The South sadly felt the need
of such men in the late war; she no le.-s
sadly feels their need now. She wants
men who in all respects will furnish illus
trations of Milton’s definition of a com
plete and generous education, as “ that
which fits a man to perform justly, skill
fully aud magnanimously ail the offices,
both private and public, of peace aud of
war.”
We have been reproached as having no
mechanical talent; as not having the abil
ity to cope with modern civilization. I
may be permitted, just here, to mention a
few fact 9 which came immediately under
my owu observation, as a matter of his
tory, aud for the purpose of repelling the
reproach that mechanical talent and in
genuity is not the possession of the South
I'he great want, felt daily during the war,
was skilled mechanics. Untried men had
to make themselves skilled; skilled in
many departments, from the preparation
of the crude material to their fiual manu
facture. \Vitues9 the splendid powder
manufactory at Augusta, the largest in the
United States, where as fine powder was
made as in any of the best Euglish mills,
and that, too, by men who a short time
previous were wholly inexperienced. We
needed percussion taps in large quanti
ties. No machines were in use for filling
and pressing. It was the slow, uncertain
work of hand. No one of those engaged
ever saw such a machine. The necessity
existed, and one was invented aud con
structed by inexperienced Southern men.
It worked admirably, and made, with
four employes, 300,000 caps each day—
what fifty hands, unaided, could uot have
doue so well. The supply of copper was
exhausted. There was none to be ob
tained. We held possession of no mines.
A small thing could bring the war to a
sudden close—as small a thing as a failure
in the supply of caps. In this emergency
the copper stills used in North Carolina
for distilling turpentine and brandy, were
oo.iverted into percussion caps.
It is a historical fact, of which I am best
cognizant, that all the battles fought in
the last twelve months of the war was
fought with caps made of these North
Carolina stills. But this supply was not
inexhaustible, and arrangements were
being made to extract the tin from theold
bronze cannon, so as to convert them back
to malleable copper. But this subject of.
caps was beset with
difficulties. I hej&AfteTof mercury, made
you know. ift,f r j c add anc j alcohol Our
ojjpfyof nitric acid becameexhausted, and
that we had to make. But to make nitric
acid required nitre and .sulphuric acid.
The materials to make them existed in
large quantities, and we fortunately hud
scientific men to accomplish the work.
The nitric acid was thus supplied. Rut
in the course ofa few months the mercury
became exhausted. The stringency of he
blockade rendered it impossible to procure
a supply. Battles were being fought;
thousands of cartridges weredai y ordered
and consumed. Was the arsenal to close
for waul of mercury, aud the war thus to
come to a suddeu end ? No mercury could
he obtained, hut something was to be done;
the caps were to be made. The result was,
after repeated experiments, there was dls
covered a combination, never before used,
that was in »)i respects as reliable as the
old compouud of mercury. We still con
tiuued to manufacture caps by the huu
dreds of thousands in this original way.
with which ail the battles of the last eight
mouths of the war were fought. I men
tiou this as a matter of history aud to
show you that itouly needs your attention
to he be directed to applied science to
attaiu excellence thereiu.
Men who cau apply science to the arts,
to the necessities of life, are always valu
able, always ueeded. Whitworth, the
celebrated English manufacturer, oou
tributed a year ago, a half million dollars
to educate aunually thirty young men in
practical mecbauics. Armstrong, aban
doued the law aud applied himself to im
provements iu rifle artillery. For his im
provements he received a princely fortuue
aud the honor of knighthood, iu Great
Britaiu and on the Continent, they know
how to appreciate such knowledge. So
great has been the advance iu this direc
tion, they even threaten tlie abolition of
the old mediocral system of education.
But among the thousands of applica
tions of sciences to the necessities of man
kind, there is none of more value aud
more generally acknowledged than its
application to agriculture. Here is au iu~
vitiug, exteusive field open to all. Toeu
gage therein requires uo appointment
from corporations. Here, gentlemen, is
room for brain-work. It is not said that
you could begin improvements at once iu
agriculture ; you would here have to serve
your apprenticeship as iu any other pro
fession. But we do mean to say, you
could fiud use therein for all the kuowl»
edge of science you possess. Has it yet
been demonstrated iu Georgia how much
cotton, how much coru, how much wheat
au acre of land will produce? That is au
unsolved pr iblem. Is it not a matter to
excite iutense interest and careful
thought? Is he not a benefactor of his
race who by careful iuduction establishes
a method of increasing the production of
the soil to a maximum, by incurring a
minimum expeuse? He has beeu and
always will he so regarded by his fellow
men.
Improvements in the modes of agricul
ture are going on everywhere. All our
old methods have to be changed. Our old
lauds are to be reclaimed. Machiuery is
to be substituted for manual labor. The
malarious districts are to be rendered
healthy ; the waste swamps to be made
arable. Even the vastswampsof the South
ern part of our own State are to be drained
and rendered fit for cultivation.
These are some of the thiugs that are
to be and will be accomplished by the
coming men of science; aud who are so
fitted for this great work as the educated
young men of the South?
There is another application of science
which we may consider of modern date
and astonishing in its results. Electricity
as taught to your fathers was a matter of
envious scientific iuterest and of amusing
experiment. Now it is a profession in its
practical application, that furnishes em
ployment to thousands, and requires the
best years of oue’s life to master iu all its
details. The telegraph uow is a uecessity—
a part of the life of the world. It is only
a quarter of a century old, and now, by
its net vyork of wires, our very wishes cau
be instantaneously transmitted to nearly
every point of the civilized globe. When
your fathers were about to begin life as
you are now, what would have been their
thoughts had they beeu told that a man
could hold a pen in his baud iu Athens
and write his name in New York; that
h 6 could stand in Athens and fire a can
non in Han Francisco; that the sound of
a hammer upon a railroad spike in the
distant Rocky Mountains could be so in
tensified as to b 6 heard iu every city in
the Union ; that lightning would become
an article of trade, to be bought and sold
as other commodities are? With us fa
miliaiity has blunted the edge of wonder.
Judging from ttie past, we iufer that
the science of electricity, as applied to the
wants of :i an, is yet in its infancy.
Greater things remain yet to be done than
have been done. There are great prizes
yettobewon in this depaitment. Such
improvements must be and'will be made ;
as to reduce the tariff; to diminish the
cost of transmission of messages to such
an extent that mankind generally will, in
coming years, communicate by the tele
graph lustead of by the transmission of
letters by mail. Our postolHces will then
be telegraph offices to receive and deliver
messages. To he the author of the dis
covery ihat will result in this great ad
vance, is not that a prize worth striving
for? Besides the uses of electricity in
telegraphs, it is of exieuded use in electro
typing aud electroplating. It is used as a
motive power for clocks; as a fire-alarm
indicator, and as a beacon light for the
mariner. It has also been recently intro
duced iu the economy of manufactures to
produce costly patterns iu mono ebrom
atic textile fabrics, and has beeu proposed
as a substitute for gas in illumiuatiug our
cities. It cau be made, so completely is
ihisageut under the control of man, to
record the feeble pulse of the dying pa
tient; to fire at will distant masses of ex
plosive matter, or to impel an engine with
its train. It has been proposed as a mo
tive power as a substitute for steam. Will
electricity take the place of steam? At
present it is a question of economy ; in
time it may be clone, and what then ?
Power is always in demand. Haid Watt
to a visitor examining his engines, “We
make here what all the world needs, pow
er.” And should this new source of power
be sufficiently great iu proportion to its
weight, then serial navigation would be
no longer impossible. The railroads
would have performed their parts iu the
history of human progress.
But there will be no demand for anew
source of power so long as the production
of the present agent is so consistent with
economy. Still we find men of science
already anticipating the great cost of
steam in the increased cost of fuel, and
casting about for anew source of heat.
Theory points to the sun ; the center of
our system, the agent; the producer on
earth of all power, of all activity, as the
future storehouse from which coming
generations will draw their needed sup
plies of heat, which coming men of sci
ence will learn to bottle and reclaim, and
convert to power to do needed labor as re
quired.
Only a few of the more prominent appli
cations of scieuce have been alluded to.
In the short space of a lecture and in the
very brief tiuieallowed in the preparation
of this, it is not possible to do more than
briefly mention general subjects and sug
gest a line of thought. Your own reflec
tions will show you that all the useful
arts are refined applications of science. I
need not refer you to the beautiful and
costly dyes, now made from coal tar; to
the valuable salts and acids that are made
from the ores of the earth ; to the medici
nal preparations made from the vegetable
and mineral kingdom; or to the varied
uses of steam in substituting mechanical
for animal power. Among all these varid
applications of science to the wants of
mankind, cannot our educated young men
find vocations as honorable, as attractive,
and at last as profitable, as the old time
honored traditional professions of law and
medicine.
To what is due the boasted progress of
the 19th century ? Is it not wholly due to
the advance in scieuce and its application
to the useful arts? Cast your minds back iu
the history of the world hardly more than
half a century, before science had discov
ered the method of controlling the subtle
electric fluid, before the days of James
Watt, before steam and electricity had be
gun their work of civilization, and you
find no cause for boasting, no cause for
self-glorification. The modes of life but
little changed in a century. But now you
enter the arena at a most propitious time.
The casting of your horoscope would in
dicate a conjunction of most favorable
planets. You begin the work where the
preceding generation left it. The founda
tions of this temple of science were thor
oughly laid,far back by such men as Bacon,
as Galileo, as Newtou, and a host of other
master spirits. Noble mea of every clime
have contributed tothe superstructure —’tis
yours to add thereto. The boasted knowl
edge of the ancients sinks into insignifi
cance. ' You begin life this day a
knowledge of *— tnan was ever
the wildest imaginings of
the greatest sage of Greece or Home. You
are better versed in science this day titan
was ever Euclid or Aristotle, or Pytha
goras, or any other sage, famed in an
tiquity. You begin from this most com
manding standpoint. Let this thought
cheer you and iuspire you to vigorous ac
tion.
Thus far we have presented to you the
claims of practical science. Is there nota
higher, a more elevated standpoint than
this? As virtue is its own reward, so
truth—abstract science, whose end is
truth, should he pursued for the sake of
truth. Aud the immediate reflex influ
ence of the profession whose claims we
preseut to you is to reveal to conscious
ness—to evolve the inherent ideal of di
vinity in man. Your constant thought
inns' he law—of law in its highest form,
impressed by au all powerful Creator on
matter. Such reflection beget a love of
order, a devotion to obedience aud truth.
By great assiduity you may go beyoud the
threshold of the temple of scieuce, where
you now stand- You may, by a sincere
devotion of a life of labor, be one of the
favored few who are admitted into the
innermost sanctuary, whereiu nature with
uuveiled face holds sweet couverse with
her votaries.
\ou remember the ancient fable, that
in Armenia there was a river that flowed,
without intermixture, through the bitter
waters of the lake Arethusa, aud emerged
on the opposite side, preserving its own
purity, its own sweetness. You, protected
by an earnest devotion to science, with
your souls filled with high resolves, may
pass through the vice and ignorance and
loathsome demoralization that mark this
trausition state of public society ; and like
the fabled stream that flowed through tlie
bitter wateis of Arethusa, emerge pure
and uudefiled by the contaminating influ
ences that will surround them. Dr.
Arnold, of Rujby School, once remarked
that he bad frequently observed what con
stituted the great difference hetweeu hoys
at school, was precisely that which con
stituted the difference between men in i lie
world; it was euergy, not talent. Re
member, gentlemen, euergy is talent.
Take this truth home toyour bosoms, that
tne law that action and reaction are equal,
true iu your daily life as iu mechan
ics, that your success will depend on and
be proportionate to your own individual
action. You have explored with me the
realms of space; we passed from planet to
planet, from system to system, aud no
where in all the universe did we find a
point at rest. In all our studies, this great
truth was constantly impressed upon us,
that quiescence, inactivity, indolence, is
darkness and death ; hut motion, activity,
energy, is light aud life.
Fixedness of purpose, supported by
energy and devotion to truth, will give
you power among men. Straight as the
faithful steel points where the pole star
shineth o’er one spot, tread onward :
“Let thought be in thine eye,
And from thy brow the dew of labor start
And let the love of what is pure and high
Be strong within thy heart.’’
Athens, Ga., July 6th, 1869.
To Messrs. A. C. howze, W. E. Bird. E.
M. Murphey, Com. Senior Class, Uni
versity of Georgia:
Hiks: —When you first made applica
tioil for permission to publish the lecture
on Science as a Profession, delivered at
the request of your class, I declined, inas
much as the important subjects briefly al
luded to in the lecture required that elabo
rate expansion which they could not re
eeive iu the few days allowed me amid
the pressure of college duties. But, since
being assured by others, that the views
then presented will do good, by attracting
the attention of the young men of Geor
gia, to the great work now needed, and
being anxious to make auy contribution,
be it ever so little, to the material develop
ment of our State, I place it at your dis
posal, hoping at some future day to elabo
rate this subject more fully.
Very Respectfully,
W. Leroy Broun.
COTTON STEALING IN NEW YORK.
A correspondent of the New York
Journal of Commerce, wiites to that pa
per as follows upon the subject of cotton
stealing in the warehouses of that city :
New York, July e.
Messrs. Editors: Complaint is often
made of losses in the weight of cotton.
To-day while looking out of my office
window, I saw a solution of this whole
difficulty. Opposite, there is a cotton
warehouse (and there are several others in
the neighborhood,) aud I saw the thi ves
stealing the cotton as it came from the
warehouse. The word stealing tells (lie
whole story. All hands steal. The cart
men, the laborers, the samplers, and hosts
of girls and boys, and men and women,
that are liangiug around, all steal. And
the warehousemen themselves, wiuk at
it, if they do not profit by this wholesale
stealing. If you will spend a few min
utes at my office, almost auy day you may
witness all that I have detailed 'above. At
the same time, probably, you may see a
policeman leisurely walking by ignorant
of all that is going on. A short time since
I called the attention of a policeman to a
case of cotton stealing, and he told me
that he would not arrest a cotton thief if
he saw him in the act. His excuse was
that the Police Justice would not notice
him, and that he would get nothing hut
abuse for his pains, and that if he persis
ted in doing his duty that lie could not
keep his place three months.
This is a dreadful condition of things.
Iu my neighborhood are several places
where this stolen cotton is openly bought,
and the thieves cau be seen going in and
out at all times of the day, aud their busi
ness is no secret.
Now, Mr. Editor, I ask the question,
cau this tiling go on and our community
not suffer? Men aud women are not the
only ones engaged in this business, hut
scores of little children are included
among the thieves, aud they show as
much skill as their elders.
This city will suffer in its business un
less this thing is stopped It is not safe
to send cotton to New York for sale. I
would not do so, and would advise my
friends not to do so, unless a stop could
he put to this wholesale thieving. A loss
of one or two hales to a hundred is trifling,
it must he much greater. Our judges arnl
police will do nothing. Cannot our cot
ton merchants devise some plan to stop
it? If not, the day cannot be distant
when it will be a bold aud reckless man
that will send his cotton to New York for
sale. An Old Subscriber.
CUBA.
Letters from Havana, under date of 7th
inst., represent that na military operations
of importance are going ou, and the con
centration of the revolutionary forces iu
the viciu'ty of Puerto Principe has not
been, up to date, productive of the expect
ed grand battle between the contending
factions. Iu fact, the general situation
of affairs may be summed up in the trite
and oft repeated sentence so frequent du
ring our own civil war, ‘‘All quiet along
the Potomac.”
The following proclamation proves that
the most vigorous measures will be adopt
ed against the rebels, armed and unarmed,
and that de Rodas is determined not let
the grass grow under his feet iu his efforts
for the complete pacification of the coun
try :
Superior Political Government of
the Province of Cuba: The insurrec
tion, reduced in its impotence to the sus
tenance of detached hands, whose watch
word is extermination, perpetrating
crimes without example in the history of
Civilized nations, individual security and
the laws of justice being the first guaran
tee of person and property, demand that
justice should be expeditious and void of
complaisance toward those who have
passed themselves outside of the law.
The criminal will not, however, lack
guarantees of rigid impartiality during
the trial and elimination of proof of hn
crime, but without allowing any delay to
detain or paralyze at present the sentence
of the law and an inexorable compliance
with it. Custodian of the integrity of our
territory, protector of the honorable man
and the peaceable citizen, complying with
the duties of my charge and making use
of the faculties conceded me by the Gov
ernment of the nation, I decree :
Article I. A rigorous compliance with
the circulars of this superior political
Government bearing date 12th and 13th of
February of the present year. (This re
fers to Dulce’s decree as to the treatment
of all rebels against the Government.
Art. 2. For the crimes of intentional in
cendiarism, assassination, armed robbery
and contraband traffic; prisoners will be
tried by a grand court-martial.
Art. 3. The tribunals of justice will
continue to exercise their functions with
out prejudice to my right of the consider
ation of those cases which, from special
circumstances, may require it.
Caballero de Rodas.
Havana, 6th July, 1869.
The decrees referred to in the first ar- I
tide are those of Dulce following the ex
piration of bis amnesty They refer to
the suppression of the freedom of the
press, the re-establishment ot the censor
ship, the punishing of disloyalty linjiden
cia) by council of war, and give defini
tions of that offence.
—Captain Haynes, the notorious Arkan
sas mUutaman, was killed by Clarence
inst Cr ariOD ’ Arkansas, on the 15th
THE NEWS.
The next State elections will i*. if ,
tucky, August 2; Alabama, An “ . n ‘
Tennessee, August 6. 3;
- A Chinese Emigration Booietv
capital of $1 000 000, $40,000 nai,! nn W^ th
been formed at Memphis. U P>
—The eclipse of the sun on the -*k
August begins at Macon 4b. 4> ; of
ends 6h. 36. sm. “ a od
—The Radical press- of Viralm.
cojored men “niggers” since th« ,&1
tion. ue e*ec
—The Tennessee Courts have
Governor Henter on the question
power to remove and api K )int reJ , “ ls
of election. 1 re & ls trar s
—Professor Maury, of the Vir«i„i .
itary Institute, has accepted the
of President of the University
bania. J 1 Ala
—Lieutenant General Arthur
in England ou the 23d ult., aged
five years. He served in the cami»r» .
1815 with the Thirtieth Reeimi *“ of
was slightly wounded at W aterloo U ’ au<l
-England is at present involve,!
controversy with her colonists j n v a
Zealand, which may result in tec
membermeutof that colony from .i, Ul "'
pire. lUe «n.
—lt is reported that anew Conserve,
paper will he started >n W’a>h „ tt ton
the Fall, with Hon. Edmund Cl ID ,
New Hampshire, at the head of i, s e^; of
rial c rps. euito
—Attorney General Hoar lias delir. ,
an opinion that the main line„t u ;‘p * l * 4
Railroad commences at the l(K)tl „ ,' lu
loDgltude „c st, a„ d 2
eastern boundary of the Htate of e
uia. '-amor
-Governor Henter is turning outtheoM
registers ot election by wholesale
Stokes party is greatly exei'ed n,eP„
eruor has ordered two companies nf 1' , v '
tia to Knoxville from Civilfe
says he will order more if his register. “
interfered with. Centre
lion. James Shannon, of Kenf,,„i
for thirty-five years previous to E y ,'
member of the Democratic State CenL?
Committee, died iu Frankfort ou K i
last, aged eighty years He waMhVS
mate friend of Amos Kendall, and aft.'
warns of Governor Powell.
—A Knoxville correspondent of the \e«.
York Herald estimates that Henter Vi i
have 15,000 trn jnrily in Fast Tenne*
alone, while in Middle aud West Teni.rV
see, outside of Nashville and Menu,hi,'
where the uegro vote is large, he « h
make a clean sweep.
—William H. Jeffers, Esq , of Pawtuck
et, R. 1 , fell from a window of the Bait
House, in Mobile, on the nightof the lhh
and broke his neck. He hud been in th«
city hut a day or two, having in charge a
new Steam fire engine, which lie had iuat
bimight out. J 8t
—The latest estimate of the new Virginia
Legislature is as follows : Senate-while
Conservaties, 31; white Radicals, s; n, L -ro
Radicals, 4. Conservative majority is.
House of Delegates—w hite Conservatives'
97; negro Conservatives, 3; white Radi!
cals, 33; negro Radicals. 11. Conservative
majority, 56. Conservative majority on
joint ballot, 75. *
—The Executive Committee of the
South Carolina State Agricultural Society
met ou the 14th inst., and have made ail
arrangements for the Fair iu November
The Secretary is to issue premium lists to
the amount of four thousand dollars, to
tie raised by subscription. Hon. JohnV.
Breckinridge was chosen the annual ora
tor, and a committee appointed uu Chinese
labor.
—Secretary Fish lias issued an impor
tant official notification, announcing that
a con veution has beeu concluded between
the United States Government and that of
Mexico, under which “all claims ou the
part of corporations, companies or private
individuals, citizens of the United Slain,
upon the Mexican Republic,” will be
heard and adjusted for settlement by a
mixed commission.
—The Prussian Consul at New Orleans
is anxious to procure samples of wheat
grown in tlie States of Teuuessee,-Missis
sippi and North Alabama, to send to the
Agricultural Exhibition to be held at Al
tona, Prussia, next August. The object
is to show the people of Europe some of
the productions of the Southern States.
—The Prussiau Consul-General at Ha»
vana w rites to tlie Prussian Consuls in the
United States, requesting them to warn
all Germans here against enlisting in the
Cuban army. He says that, in his judg
ment, siuce the enforcement of the neu
trality law s by the United -tates, the in
surrection is dyiDg out.
—The Italian journal La Voce states
that during a recent visit made by Mr.
John Jay, the American Minister at the
Court of Vienna, to a relative at Baveno
on the Lago Maggiore, a serenade was
given him ny the band of the Isoia Lupe
riore, succeeded iu the evening by an illu
mination. The population, it adds, as
sembled in honor of the representative of
the great republic, and the flags of Ameri
ca and Italy were blended together in
token of the friendship of the two coun
tries.
Captain Mathew Mercer, a section"
master ou the Virginia and Tennessee
Railro .and, near Mount Airy, Virginia, w»s
shot and mortally wounded, about sunset
Thursday eveni' g, by a party of negroes.
Captain Mercer was returning to Lis home
after the labors of the day were ended, ami
while crossing a bridge across a small
stream, was attacked by three ingiot*
who were lying iu wait for him, and
knocked from the bridge into the sir tLe
below. While lying on his back imam
water, the fiends fired from the bridge,
the balls from their guns entering his
breast and inflicting, as is supposed, mor
tal wounds. The murderers then made
tbeir escape.
News has been received at Gen. Au
gur’s headquarters, Omaha, Nebraska,
from tl e expedition on the Republican
liver. After a steady pursuit of ten da;.-
General Carr, succeeded, on Sunday morn
ing, in surprising a Cheyenne village wi’h
a large body of warriors, under Tail Bui:
Hie Indians were completely routed,hav
ing fifty-two warriors killed. Seventeen
of their women, among them the wife and
• laughter of Bull, were taken prisoners-
During the fight they attempted to ki *
two white women, captives, from Haline,
Kansas. They succeeded in murdering
one and wounding the other, a German
woman named Maria Weigel, who *
probably recover General Carr captured *
lodges, 60 guns and pistois, a large quan
tity of provisions, camp equippage, »nu
350 horses and mules.
THE TKBT OATH l.\ \IKGI.U4.
An Old Letter of deneral t’anby on U‘ e su!>jec
From the following letter, written tj
Geueial Canby, it would seem that
present position in regard to requiring ’
members elect to ttie Legislature ' •
State to subscribe the test oath i* UDte "
ble:
Headquarters 2d Military >
Charleston, S. C., June 23, l’ '
Hon. \V. IV. Holden , Governor ‘'
North Carolina , Raleigh, N. 1
Sir :—The second section of the -• ■
admit the States of North and SouC
olina, etc., and authorizing tbebego
tu. e to meet before the complete Y'\'. .
lion of t tie States, is regarding as di-i
ing with the oath of office prearri •
the act of July 2, 1862, in the case
members elect who are not diequau
the Constitutional amendment
allowing them to qualify upon ta*i -
oath of office prescribed by the ne» •
Constitution. As soon as the bin
a law- an order will be issued moo 0 ‘
the provisions of General Orders - " > .
of May 12, 1867, in conformity r
construction. Very respectfully •
obedient servant, „ ~ „ DV
Edward R. B. Cans ,
Brevet Major Genera! Coin wan _
It will be remembered that up 11
nouncement of Holden’- elect; nm - j
Carolina General Canby at once e •
Governor Worth and oiderid : | w
ration of the Governor elect. ■"
which came the letter as a >
clear from all this, the General f ,
construction of the law of , 11 ... j Q re
the admission of the States la e
hellion, that not only the membe
Legislature elected iu this State ?
allow-ed to qualify under the pr° j"
the Constitution just adopted. " ,
Governor Walker should iuune ■
inaugurated and allowed to pt' ll . 0 f [be
the administration of the ‘ ■ |W i
State. Governor Wells D °!' u tf Ge°'
the people, to the administration
eral Grant anil to the laws °< , ve d
and should therefore be at one
as an obstacle to reconstruct!
York Herald.
” i^ver* 1
A Bankrupt Governor
weeks ago, a note drawn by 1- V\ jj u fus
bell, Sr., for $250, and endorsed oy
B. Bullock, was hawked about th .
and could not be disposed of at - ' >
on the dollar , until it w’as eudor jvea
responsible party. The note w^| P g
to pay Campbell for services in j fix*
ton, in trying to get Georgia o
Union.— Atlanta Constitution.