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CAP rAI -V FREMONT’S REPORT.'
[continued.]
Af’.er suffering many privations and encoun
tering great danger in an attempt to survey the
river Platte, the party reached Laramie Fort on
their return on the last day of August, and ar
rived at St. Louis on ihe 17th September. Wc
can find space for only two or ihree brief extracts
from this homeward tour. Alter describing' the
passage of their India-rubber boat over three
cataracts, “ where perhaps one hundred feet of
smooth water intervened,” the narrative pro
ceeds :
“ Finally, with a shout of pleasure at our
success, we issued from oar tunnel into the open
day beyond. We were so delighted with the
perlormance of our boat, and so confident that
we would not have hesitated to leap a 1.. 11 often
feet with her. We put to shore for breakfast ai
some willows on the right bank, immediately
below the mouih of the canon; for it was now
Bo’clock, and we had been working since day
light, and were all wet, fatigued and hungiy.
While the men were preparing breakfast I went
out to reconnoitre. The view was very limited.
The course of the river was smooth, so far as 1
could see; on both sides were broken hills, an i
but a mile or two below was another high i idge.
The rock at the mouth of the canon was still
the decomposing graniie, with, great quaniities
of mica, which made a very glittering sand.
“ We re-embarked at nine o’clock, and in
about twenty minutes reached the next canon
Landing on a rockvshore at its commencement,
we ascended the ridge to reconnoitre. Portage
was out of the question. S . far as we could
see, the jagged rocks pointed out the course of
the canon, on a winding line of seven or eight
miles. It was simply a d irk chasm in the rock;
and here the perpendicular faces were much
higher than in the previous pass, being at this
end two to three hundred, and further (town, a
we afterwards ascertained, five hundred feel in
vertical height. Our previous success had
made us bold, and we determined again to run
the canon. Every thing was secured as firmly
as possible; and we pushed into the stream.
To save our chronometer from accident, Mi.
Preass took it, and ailemptcd >o proceed along
the shore on the masses of rock, which in places
were piled up on either side ; hut after, he had
walked about five minutes, every ihing like
shore disappeared,and the vertical wall came
squarelv down into the water. He therefore
waited until we came up. An uA.y pass lay be
fore us. We bad made fast to the stern of the
boat a strong rope about fit y feet long; an;!
three of the men clambered along am mg the
rocks, and with this rope let her down slowlv
through the pass, in several places high rocks
lay scattered about in (he channel; and in the
narrows it required all our strength and skill to
avoi i staving the boat on the sharp points. It
one of these the boat proved a little too broad,
and stuck fast for an instant, while the watei
flew over us; fortunately it was but lor an in
stant, as our united strength forced her immedi
ately through. The water swept overboard
only a sextant arid a pair ol saddlebags. I
caught the sextant as it passed by me, hm
the saddlebags becam j the prey of the whirl
pools. We reached the place where Mr. Preuss
was standing, took him on board, and, with the
aid of the boat, put the men with the rope on
the succeeding pile of rocks. We found this
passage much worse than tne previous one. and
our position was rather a bad one. To go back
was! possible; before us the cataract Was a
sheet of foam ; and shut up in the chasm by the
rocks, which in some places seemed almost to
meet overhead.'he roar of the water was deaf
ening. We pushed off again; but, alter making
a litt e distance, the lorce ol the current became
too great lor the men on sh ire, and two of them
let go the rope Lajeunesse. the third man,
bung on', and v as jeiked headforemost into the
river from a rock about twelve feei high; and
down the boat shot like an arrow. Basil follow
ing us in the raoid current, and exeaing ai! his
strength to keep in mid-channel—his head only
seen occasionally like a black snot in the u bite
foam. How far we went Ido not exactly know;
but we succeeded in turning ihe boat into an
eddv below. ‘ Cre I) leu’ said Basil Lqeunesse.
as he arrived immediately after us, ‘Jtcrots
bein que j'ni nase un derni mile.’ He had owed
his hie to his skill as a swimmer ; and I deter
mined to take him and the two others on board,
and trust to skill and fortune to reach ihe o’her
end in safety We placed ourselves on our
knees, with the short paddles in our hands, the
mos’ sktltul boatman was in the bow; and again
we commenced our rapid descent. We cleared
rock alter rock, and shot past all after fall, our
little boat seaming to play with the cataract.
We became flushed with success, and familiar
with danger; and yielding to the excitement
of the occasion, broke forth into a Cana
dian boat song. Singing, or rather shouting,
we dashed along; and were, I believe, in the
midst of the chorus u hen the boat struck a con
cealed rock immediately at the foot ot a fail,
which whirled her over in an instant. Three of
my men could not swim, and my first feeling
was to assist them, and save sonic of our effects;
bin a sharp concussion or two convinced me
that I had not yet saved myself. A (<-w strokes
brought me into an ed 'y, and I landed on a pile
of rocks on the left side. Looking around, f
saw that Mr. had gained the shore on
the same side, about t wenty yards below, and a
little climbing and swimming soon brought him
to nr side On the opposite side, against the
wall, lav ih» boat bottom up, and Lambert was
in the act of savingDescoteaux, whom he had
grasped by the hair, and who could not swim;
lathe pas, said he, as I afterwards learned.
lacka pas, chore fret c, e Cro.ins pas’ was the re
ply, ‘ Jem’en va.ismounrava.nl que de Ie lather.’
Such was the reply of courage and generosity in
this danger. Fora hund r ed yards below the
current was covered with floating hooks and
boxes, bales of blankets, and scattered articles
ofclothing; art; so strong and boiling was the
stream that even our heavy instruments, which
were all in cases, kept on the surface, and the
sextant, circle and the long black box of the
telescope were in view at once. For a moment
1 felt somewhat disheartened. All our books
almost every record of the journey, our journals
and registers of astronomical and barometrical
observations, had been lost in a moment Bio
it was no time to i> d ilge in regrets, and
I immediately set about endeavoring t<
save something from th<* wreck. Making
ourselves understood by signs, (for nothingcouh
be heard in the roar of waters.) we commence;'
ouroperations. Off every thing on hoard, the
only article that had'been saved was mv double
barrelled gun, which Descoteaux had caught,
and clung to with drowning tenacity. The
men continued down the river on the left bank
Mr. Preuss and myself descended on the side
L we were on; and Lajeunesse, with a paddle in
his hand, jumped on” the boat alone, and con
tinued down the canon. She was now light, and
n beared every bad place with much less dtfficul
n ty. In a short time he was joined by Lambert;
and the search was continued lor about a mile
rs and a hall, which was as far as the boat could
” proceed in the pass Here the walls were about
>r five hundred (eel high, and the fragments of
i- rocks from above had cl oked the river into a
> hollow pass, hut one or two feet above the sur
face. Through this and the interstices ol the
rock the water found its way. Favored beyond
(■ our expectations, all ot our registers had been
, recovered, w ith the exception of one or two of
[ my journals, which contained the notes and in
5. ctdents of travel and topographical descriptions,
e an u mber of scattered astronomical obset vat ions,
" principal 11 y meridian altitudes of the sun, and
1 our barometrical register west of Laramie For
,r innately, our other journalscontained duplicates
ol the important barometrical observations ta
i- ken in the mountains. These, with a few scat
tered notes, were all that had been pteserved of
i. our meteorological observations. In addition
y- to these, we saved the circle; and these, with a
* j lew b ankds, constituted every thing that had
been incited from the waters,
- “ The day was running rapidly away, and it
was necessary to reach Goat Island, whither
the p *rtv had preceded us, bes .re night. In
this uncertain country the traveller is so much
in the power of chance that we became some
e what uneasy in regatd to them. Should any
n thing have occurred, in the brief interval of our
•. separation, to prevent our rejoining them, our
situation would be rather a desperate one. We
c had not a morsel of provisions—our arms and
s ammunition were gone—and we were entirely
e at the m< rev of anv straggling party of savages,
and not a little in danger of starvation. We
0 therefore set out at once in two parties, Mr
f Preuss and myself on the left, and the men on
- the opposite side of the river. Climbing out ot
the canon, we found ourselves in a very bro
ken country, where we were no! yet able to
r recognise anv local! y. In the course of our
1 desf-ent through the canon, the rock, which at
e 'he upper end was of the decomposing granite,
1 changed into a varied sandstone formation.
* The hills and points of the ridges were covered
' with fragments of a yellow sandstone, of which
th« soata were sometimes displayed in the bro
ke* mv nes whicte interrupted our course, and
made our walk extremely fatiguing. At one
■ point of the canon the red argillaceous sand
-1 stone rose in a wall of five hundred feet, snr
: mounted by a stratum of white sandstone; and
in an opposite ravine a column of red sand
stone rose, in form like a sleeple, about one
• hundred and fifty feel high. The scenery was
' extremely picturesque, and, not" ithMandingour
’ forlorn condition, we were frequently obliged to
stop and admire it. Our progress w s not very
1 rapid. We had emerged from the water hall
and, on arriving at the top of the preci
•’ice, I found myself with only one moccasin.
The fragments of rock male walking painful
and I was frequently obliged to stop and pul.
’ out the thorns of the cad.vs, here the prevailing
plant, atui with which a few minutes’ walk
i covered the bnltorn of my teet From this ridge
1 the river emerged into a smiling prairie, and.
’ descending to the bank for water, we were
joined by Benoist. The rest ol the party were
1 out of sight, ha ving taken a more inland rouie
! Wc crossed the river repeatedly sometimes
■ tblc to ford it, and sometimes swimming—
climbed over the ridges of two snore canons,
• and towards evening reached the cut, which we
■ here named the Hot Spring gate. On our pre
: vious visit in July we had not entered this pass
■ reserving it for our descent in the boat; and,
1 when vve entered it this evening, Mr. Pruess
was a few hundred feet in advance. Heated
with tbp long march, he came suddenly upon a
fine bold spring gushing from the ror-k, about
■ sen feet above the river. Eager to enjov the
crystal water, he threw himself down fora hastv
* draught, and to. 1c a mouthful ol water almost
boiling hoL He said nothing to Benoist, wh<>
laid himself down to drink ; but ihe steam from
; the water arrested his eagerness, and he escaped
the hot draught. We had no thermometer to
’ ascertain the temperature, but 1 •-oul i hold mv
hand in the water just long enough to count two
• -crouds. There are eight or ten ol these
i springs, discharging themselves by stream
“ large enough to be called runs. A loud hollow
■ noise was heard from the rock which I supposed
to be produced hv the fall of the water. The
t strata immediately where they issue is a fine
1 white and calcareous sandstone, covered with
* an incrustation of common salt
’ “ Lea ving this Thermopylae of the West, in
a short walk vve reached the red ridge which
1 has been described as lying just above Goat
j 'siand. Ascending this, we found some fres"
: macks and a button, which showed that the
• other men had already arrived. A shout from
! the man who first reached the top of the ridge,
responded to from below, informed us that our
1 friends were all on the island; and we were
- soon among them. We found some pieces of
- buffalo standing around the fire for us, and
managed to get some dry clothes among the
1 people. A sudden storm of rain drove us into
i the best shelter we could find, where we slept
soundly, after one of the most fatiguing days 1
* have ever experienced.”
“On ;he morning of the 3d of September we
' bade adieu to our kind friends at the fort, and
continued our homeward journey down the
Platte, which was glorious with the autumnal
! splendor of innumerable flowers in full and
! brilliant bloom. On the warm sands, among
: the htlia.nlhi, one of the characteristic plants,
s we sawgreat numbers of rattlesnakes, of which
I five or six were killed in the morning’s ride.
- \\ e ceupied ourselves in improving our pre
• vious survey of the river: and, as the weather
1 was fine, astronomical observations were gene
r rally made at night and at noon.”
j We must refer the botanical reader to Pro
-1 lessor Torrey’s Catalogue of the Plants collec
r ted hv Capt. Fremont.
■ This is, we are afraid, but a very meager ac
l count of this interesting and valuable docu
• ment. Our object has been to give such ex
’ tracts as were most likely to interest the general
_ reader. The man of science and the statesman
, i will turn to it tor more important objects than
I amusement, and their reference to it will, we
i think, be satisfactory.
3 Wo purpose giving a sketch of the Second
Expedition in a subsequent paper.
I I’ dugation or the Consgience. —Conscience
' becomes awakened by the notions of good and
‘ evil, of jusime and injustice. It is the first
1 faculty of the soul which appears in ns; it is
powerful, but blind. He who deceives his con*
J science may become a Hava iliac or a Murat.
1 Man is riot al ways innocent when his con
j science absolves him; he is not always guilty
when his conscience accuses him. Have a
* care, young mother, now is the time; tree they
reason in order to expand thy stuff lor it is
1 about to pass entirely into the soul ot the child.
' Ah! do not suffer any other thought titan thine
own it) penetrate into that sanctuary. It is a
question between vice and virtue—between the
j 'V or re mors ot a whole life; thou engraves!
0 ''l’ oll brass. The earliest education is effected
entirely ' n A’ 6 conscience, and the conscience
f 13 °nly good when enlightened hv reason.
A new paper, calle I “The Pilcetonian,” has
] just been issued at Piketon, Ohio, ff’he editor
i« says of it;
d “The P/Monian is edited and published by
' Samuel Pike, at PikcX on, Pike county, Ohio
r tpon die tur npike which crosses the Scioto
iver abounding with the most delicious fish
■ ’ ’ailed Pike; and that the court house j n the
1 said Piled on, Pike county, ■ n the turn pike, fin*
-a noble pike as a vane, to show that the wind
, blotvs in favor of Pike all the time.”
*o)rontcle anh Sentinel.
AliG U S 1 \ 5 G a •
SATURDAY MORNING SEPT. 6
FOK GOVERNOR:
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD.
Whigs of the Third Ward, Attention!
?L|=» The Whigs of the 3d Ward arc
requested to meet at the Globe Hotel, THIS
EVENING, at half past 7 o'clock, lor the pro
pose of appointing delegates to the Convention,
to be held in this city on the J3th inslto nomi
nate Representatives to the Legislature. A lull
attendance is requested.
Letters from a Southerner.
Tn-lay we present our readers with some
extracts from another letter of a Southerner to
the editors of the Richmond Whig. Although
these letters are particularly designed for the
meridian of Virginia, they are nevertheless
equally interesting and instructive to Georgians,
whose habits, customs and pursues are not
very dissimilar from those of Virginia. And
now that the attention of capitalists is being
generally directed to the subject of manufactures,
as a means of profitable investment, as well as
for the improvement of our social condition,
we cannot, perhaps, render them a more accept
able service than by the publication of these,
and similar letters, abounding, as they all do, in:
valuable information.
In the contemplation of this subject—the in
troduction of manufactures throughout the
South—we confess we look forward to the day,
with no ordinarv degree of anxiety, not un
mingled with pleasure, when our planters -hall
cease to invest their surplus capital in “more
land and. Negroes ” and seek to employ it in the
more. profitable as well as more philanthropic
business of manufacturing. To enumerate the
advantages that would positively result from
such a diversion of labor and investmentof cap
ital, would occupy more space than we had
designed for this brief notice. The immediate
advamage however would be, the increased
wealth of the State, the certain consequence of
a profitable investment of capital, which would
go on annually enriching, and rendering more
prosperous, contented and happy, every class of
our population. Then, instead of that constant
drain upon our population to fi'l up the great
western wilds, we should become more and
more attached to our homesteads, annually be
coming more numerous and consequently more
prosperous and intelligent.
Upon all of these positions we might enlarge
with effect, and to our mind offer such argu
ments in support of our views as would con
vince'he most sceptical, but time and space to
day forbid, We shall not, however, weary in
well doing or flag in a good cause, and shall
therefore continue, from time to time, to endea
vor to enlighten our people upon this very im
portant subject, and if possible to change them
from the error of their ways.
The Weekly Statement of the U. S. Treasu
ry Department, showing the amount of monevs
at its credit in the various Banks holding the
public deposits, is published in the Washing
ton Union of Monday. The Statement is made
up to the 25'h August, and shows that the
amount on deposit was $9 939 637 89; which
was subject, however, to drafts drawn hut not
ve< paid, though payable, amounting to $2 230,-
824. 92, and making the net amount on de
posites7,7oß,B(2 97.
The transfers ordered by ihe Department
were as tol'ows ;
To Merchants and Traders’ Bank, Porls
mnn'h. N Ft *734 4a
TnSt.te Rank of New Jersey Morris SO.OI Ht on
To Rank of Louisiana. New Orleans. La SOnjmn m
To G'inton Ra- k Coliimbns. Ohio 4 non On
To Mint of 'he United States Phßad’a 115,000 00
To Branch Mint of the United States, N.
Orleans 30 000 on
$3°Q,734 On
From Merchants’ Rank. Boston g"0 "no O
Prom Rank of the State of Neo- York 00 non o’’
From Mechanics’ Rank. New York 20.1)00 00
P'om Merchants’ B-nk. do .20 000 00
From PhUadelohia Rank, Philadelphia IRtWi n<l
Fmna foreman & Rians. Washington 200,0n0 00
Prom Bank of Wooster, 0hi0....- 4.000 CD
§354.0f 3CO
The amount of Treasury Notes outstanding
on the Ist instant, it is officially stated, was
8742,014.18.
Military Movements. —Seven companies,
(four of the Ist Artillery, and three of the 2d
Artillery,) numbering about 400 men, rank and
file, embarked Tuesday on hoard the U. S. ship
Lexington, at New York, for Texas.
For California.—On lhe2lst another com
pany, consisting of twenty-five men left St.
Louis for California. The Missourian says
(hev seem men of the right stamp for such an
undertaking, and leave with great willingness,
apparently regardless of all dangers.
A letter from S-,in’a Pe, wri'ten on (he 18th
of July, and published in the St. Louis Era,
states that much interest is felt in that country
in relation to the annexation of Texas. A1 rge
portion of the inhabitants aie said lobe anxious
for annexation, and in favor of the Rio del Norte
as theboundary, which would include them in
the Union.
A company of traders arrived at St, Louis on
the 22d nil. from the Rocky Mountains. They
met with Col. Kearney and two hundred and I
fifiv dragoons at the Cedar Bluffs on the 17ih of
June, Col. K. intended to go to the Chimney, i
thence to the South Pass, and from that point to
IF< rt William on the Arkansas. Whilst the
traders were encamped at. Cedar Bluffs 550
wagons of Oregon emigrants passed them. —
These people had gotten along very well, hav
ing lost only a few oftheir caitlc by the depre
dations of the Pawnees.
A new process of Tanning leather is said to
have been discovered by Messrs, Darrow, of
Dayton, Ohio, by which a side of sole leather
is taken in its raw state and thoroughly finish
ed for the manufacturer in 72 hours, and a hide
of upper leather in about 10 hours! Messrs.
D. are praclicnl tanners.
Early Frost.— In Providence and its vicini
ty, and at Roxbury and Dedham, near Boston,
a white frost was discernible at an early hour
on Friday morning the 29th ult.
The steamer Great Britain, which left New
York on Saturday, took out §146,000 io gold.
A Rich Town.—New Bedford contains 13,-
000 inhabitants, and its valuation is §l2 000,000,
being §I,OOO to each man, woman and child.
Nearly two hundred workmen from England
reached the iron Works at Danville, Pa., last
week, where they arc to be employed.
f" O" passengers arrived at New York
from foreign ports, during the month of An
gust.
Western and Atlantic Railroad. —The
Marietta Hdiconot the 3d inst. savs: —The first
trip on the road of the new Locomotive and
Cars, from Martinsville to this place, will be
made on Saturday, the 13th inst.
The Georgia Road is now complete from
Augusta to its terminus in Dr Kalb. It is al.
ready in full ope r ation to Decatur, and this
week will run to Marthasville. The lino will
then be completed from Augusta to Burroughs’,
in Cass county, and in one week from this time,
the thunder of steam will be heard amid these
mountains, carrying in its train the productions
o! the planters o ! Cherokee. We congratulate
the people of Northwestern Georgia on this
consummation. It will form an interesting era
in the history of our State.
Revenue <>f the Port of New York.—A
raount of duties received for the month <>f An
tgyjst,, 1845 $2 759 777 74
■ ’SaffreTime 1844 3 142 226 75
, ? ,
tj.. A .felling off of $383,449.01
Do, from the Ut Jan., 1845, to 31st
Aug;. 1845 inclusive §l3 309 769 95
Same tfrae 1844 16 772 020 40
A falling ©ff of.;; $3,462 250.45
Extraordinary Shower. —They had a thun
der shower at Taqnton, Mass., a few days
since, which was an houffin passing over the
citv ; the rain fell during the time to tnedepth ot
seven inches upon n. level.
ITiT Gen. Worth and staff, (composed of Cap
tain Sprague, Dr. Wright, Lieut Smith and
others.) took their departure tor Texas via Tam
or Bav on Monday last. — Augustine News,
30th ult.
Great Failure at Harrisburgh. —One of
the heaviest failures that ever occurred among
the iron mongers of Pennsylvania was made
public on Friday. The Messrs. Bavard, pro
prietors of ihe Emeline Furnace, situated near
Dauphin, and the Victoria Furnace, in Clark’s
Valley, about six miles larther up the river,
have failed, their liabilities being in the neigh
borhood ot one hundred thousand dollars.
Money in New York.— The Commercial Ad
vertiser of Saturday evening, discussing ihe pro
bability of a war and the expenses thereof, says;
In view, then, of the circumstances connected
with t e acquisition of Texas, it is not improba
ble that the Government may within a few
months be in the market asa borrower of money;
and it is, as we suppose, the expectation of this,
in connection with t e reaction cons-quent upon
the movements of ihe Secretary of the Treasury
in exacting security for the deposits, which has
depressed the price of Government stocks more
in proportion than those of the solvent states
A new issue would doubtless find purchasers,
though it is more than probable that they would
be >m this side of ihe Atlantic
Our friends in Europe, it we can judge from
indications of the money market in the accounts
received by the last steamer, are likely within a
few momlis to have quite as much io do as will
he found convenient to take care of their own
rail road stocks, which within a year or two
hake been created in such reckless profusion,
without embarking to any considerable extent in
new issues of American securities. We do not
look f«r any large amount to be sen' to this
country for sale, hut we have not yet seen any
evidence of a disposition to increase their in
vestments, although the payment by Pennsylva
iiia has certainly streng hened their confidence
in the ultimate value ot those they already hold,
and they are perhaps more disposed to await
heir final issue.
The accumulation of private capital in this
country, since the passage of the last tariff act,
has been very great, and a ready 7 market oughi
therefore to be found at home for all the slocks,
public or private, which are necessary to be
created. The value of money, however, pre
sent or prospective, is such as not to render six
per cent, securities, very desirable investments
at a high premium for our own capitalists Our
improvements keep pace with our increase of
weahh, if they do not far outstrip it, and new
enterprises lor the employment of capital are
constantly brought forward in such numbers that
when the business of the country is prosperous,
and the ordinary facilities for its transaction are
required, money may readily be employed at six
or seven per cent interest.
We indeed look for a more active demand
than we have experienced for some time. The
rate of interest has been gradually increasing for
the last year, and causes for an additional de
mand have arisen within the last two or three
months which can, we think, hardly fail to give
employment to all the means that can be made
available at. still higher rates. The supply of
money, both in Europe and in this country, has
for two or three years been exceedingly abun
dant Its effect has been to stimulate specula
tion, especially in the former, t 77 an extent wh< 11 v
unprecedented. The natural consequences of
such movements is to enhance the value of
money, and where there has been much over
trading one extreme i- followed hv another.
We notice that in the four weeks preceding
the sailing of the last steamer the bullion in the
Bank of England had fallen off upward of
£BOO,OOO, equivalent to a reduction of a million
of dollars a week; a laot which, if it should
prove to he any thing more than a temporary
movement, is destined ere long materially to af
fect the value of money in that kingdom. The
accounts by the next steamer may be looked for
with some interest, both in respe.ct to tiie condi- j
tion of their money market, and the prospects I
of the haivest, with regard to which some fears i
appear to be entertained.
Old Books.—A correspondent of the New- ■
,trk Advertiser invites the editor to see “a vol- |
lime emitted ‘Christian Directorie,’ printed in !
1585. just 260 years old'o-dav : also a Greek i
j Bible printed in the year 1653, wi h several other
j volumes, some 50 and 100 y ears their juniors—
all in an excellent stale of preservation.”
We may add that there is now in the pos
session of Mr. S. P. Hull, of Morristown,
a Bible much older than the one mentioned in
yesterday'sdMly. It was printed in London, in
the year 1580; in Ihe old English Text, and it
i« in an excellent state of presevation. Editor
Advertiser.
Educating the Masses, —The idea of in
structing and elevating the masses belongs to
modern limes: it opens out new doctrines to
the world. The ancient legislators would not.
have comprehended it: the legislators of the
middle ages would only have seen in it a~> im
piety, as they considered that knowledge ought
to heUng only to the church: consequently, no
people, up to the present time, ha ve produced all
they might produced; Ido not say in wisdom
or in virtue, hut merely in intelligence. 'This
is a sublime spectacle which was wanting on the
earth, and which is now preparing lor future
generations. Here woman’s mission reveals
itself.
From the Richmond Whig.
New YoRSj Aug. 6th. 1845.
GcniUm.cn. —l am, you see, sitl. tambiing in
the factories (oar oppressors!!) at ihe eastern
wing ot the Ui ion, and it lias a Horded me so
much gratification, that 1 must in spite of my
antipathy to write, tell yon all about it. Some
oi our Southern triends who ate now spending
a summer vocation at the North, visiting the
Springs and other watering places, Gullio-like,
I know,“ care lor none ot these things ;” hut I
cunless I do, and they will go back, I tear, to
s ( ,end their winterses-ions in denouncing these
men as “grinding oppressors.” and “ public plun
derers:'
Gen. Chandler oi the American Institute,
has related to me a fact, confirmatory of what
F said in tnv last letter from this city, and as it
is short I will give it a pb<ce in the van oi this
one. He says, that in 1818. he had occasion
tor the use of an iron lurnace ot 12 inches
square; but to his astonishment, he Found it
could not be procured in sew York. When
about sending to Europe for it, he heatd that
perhaps Geo, Clyrner, of Philadelphia might be i
able to maim it, to whom he wrme and who i
finally did execute the work loi §25, and it is!
now in the machine it was originally (resigned |
for, in this city. He tells me now, Pat the |
same articles can be produced for two-thirds |
less, from the improvements of machinery ; and |
this little incident is but a sample ot a bundled i
other things. Our mechanics Nmth and South !
only want stability and confidence in our do- !
mestic policy, to cope with the wot lift
The American institute is an association of j
great service to this country. It is as ye; in an
incipient Mate, although of some years standing; !
every man seems to be deeplv committed to pro- ,
mote thn cause of home industry throughout the I
entire Union. The interests of agriculture and i
commerce likewise receive their united conn- |
oils and consideration. They have a “ Farmer’s i
Club,” which meets in their hall, composed ol j
a very intelligent body'of agriculturists, where i
all matters relative to farming and honicu tore, j
are discussed. The information thus elicited i
by the Institute, is diffused abroad throughout
the Union, and become subjects for wholesome
consideration to all those engaged ir such en
.terprise. I cannot help believing, but that this
Institution, under the administration of the able
: bodv-of men .who now have control of its affairs,
is destined to effeef, with other affiliated asso
ciationsrof a smaller grade, a wise and salu
tary reformation in the onward progress ot do
mestic manufactures, agriculture, horticulture
and throughout the country. Thus
believing, 1 am willing to add to it my share of
encouragemenr and good will, and give it God’s
speed. It is strictly neutral in politics.
At the Brass Fawcett Foundry of Messrs.
Reed & Co., the junior partner ot which lor
merly carried on -tvo-siness in our old State, 1
was peculiarly struck with the adm irabie finish
and superiority of their work <v r the same ar
ticle imported from Europe. There is only one
other foundry of this peculiar kind, in the
Uniied States; and none were established in
'his country until the passage of the Tariff'd
1842. These two factories alone, have almost
entirely driven the foreign article from the
market.
At Messrs. Cornel! & Jackson’s Ornamental
Foundry, through which the junior partner
conducted me, I beheld work m de from iron,
such as I nowhere ever witnessed efore.—
There were some iron chairs, intended for
gardens, settees for the same purpose, flower
s ands, also, and many other curious and cun
ning things, the work of hands from the solid
iron. The entire finish of these articles are
beautiful and these with the grating and or a
mental railing, and other work 1 saw, affords
the highest evidence that in point <>f ingenuity
oolish and workmanship, we are exceeded by
no people on the globe; and with one half tip
attention from the Government which the me
ohanic and manufacturer of the oid world re
eeive from fheir’s, would give onr industrious
fellow-cinzens the command of the markets ol
'he wo'ld.
The Iron Works, similar to the one above,
belonging to S. B. A.thouse & Co., is anothei
immense establishment. In passing through i
I was struck with the order that prevailed, an
the fin sh of the work. The establish cent i
just now filling a very larg - order for Mexico
Thev send a good deal of heir work to Vir
m'nia. What if we had a few such establish
>nents in the Capital of the Old Dominion'?'
Would not a change take place in our polic
and pur- uits, like that which these factories havi
produced here at the North? 1 think so, an>
so do many others; and I warn politicians no l
to stand in our wav. The progress of improve
ment must go forward, and Virginia must 1>
elevated and placed in her proper niche among
the States of the Union.
In passing through the large, and I mav sav
magn fieent Furniture Warehouse of Messrs
J. & J W. Meeks, 1 had a fair opportunity o'
testing the superiority of the American me
chanic, over the European. So far as durabili
•v, workmanship, polish and design, are taken
into consideration, the European is far inferior
to the work done here. In fact, this establish
ment, under the charge of its enterprizing pro
nriet TS has gained such celebrity as to attract
the attention of both manufacturers and others
in England, France, Ger any and China. —
To all these countries they have been, and are
now, shipping their work. The improvements
which have been discovered, and by ihem used
upon their work, since the adoption of the tariff,
gives th'm a superiority in their business that
renders them competent to cone with the best
factors in Europe. They showed me several
articles which were made an.l making for Eng
land and China. They tell me that if Eng
land would take off'one hall of her tariff on
their goods, they could and would carry their
work tr London, and in five or ten years drive
nearly all their article from their own market
which, of course, she will not do. Yet what
is most singular in these perverse times, we are
willing that England should shut nut our man
ufactured articles from entering her pons by a
tariff of prohibition, and repeal our own tariff
which is merely a limited protection, so that
our hardv, industrious, useful and superior
mechanics may he prostrated, and give tin our
markets to the English manufacturer. This is
protection with a vengeance. This establish
ment has lately furnished the President’s man
sion with furniture. "
To show the cheapness and superiority of
I our work and workmen, in the face of an Eng
; Hsh prohibitory tariff a gentleman lias opened
i a house in London for ihe sale of American
| manufactured work. The improvement in our
| machinery has rendered labor and work so
j cheap, that he is enabled to import the Ameri
| can work and undersell the English on
i own ground. The manufacturers here
j tint if the tariff is preserved for 10 or 12 years I
longer, after that if mav be taken off'altogether,
| and they will defy the world.
I learn from this house, that the screws,
spring-, locks, cantors, cut tacks, and edge tools,
which were formerly imported from abroad, are
siow manufactured in country so cheap and
so much superior, from the advantage which <
Ihe tariff affords, as to drive the foreign articles
out nt the market almost altogether. Thev use
the American now always. Instead of using
the Russian and English burlaps and bear duck
for under covering thev now use and prefer the
American twilled heavy cotton goods. Is not
thi« an advantage to the cotton-growing States?
Hurled hair, which was formerly shipped from
Smith America to Engl nd, for manufacture,
and then sent to this country for use, is now
shinned direct to the United Stares an ! here
manufactured. The principal amount of hair
cloth, which was formerly manufactured in
Germany and England, is now manufactured in
this country.
The black walnut tree, which is now taking
'he place -if b >th rosewood and mahogany, for
•he manufacture of furniture, grows in abnn- 1
lance in this country, and is becoming a trade 1
of great magnitude. There is a plenty ot this f
wood in Virginia, which is now wasted, hut '
which, if it was collected and brought to mar- <
ket, would enrich the owners and on*, ' 3
rate business in the South. That which* - firi: i
in the old States is the best, became * rt,VVs ji
nu>r heal and air, and is longer growi?.? e '* !c I
course is mote hard and durable? an< - 11 j
lines aie brought here from the forest? m I
cousin and even lowa, by the vr-V? r £ K I
Orleans and the lakes, and is sold ai‘fi„ f . C l r( % eiv
and much ot it is now ship, *,1 to En £
France and Germany. \v hat it . So ,. ■ '
enterprising tarmers and the owners'oj i°!
Virginia would take ti.is matter into cono^ 11
tion and make a siait and try their
something, and not suffer themselves p, i at
done by the young striplings who find
into the woods ot the “ lar West?” a rwa - v
these long discovered, but as yet H
creeks and streams, which make umhJ ble I
rivers ot our old State, having rl.eir A e ' eat I
the eastern base of the Alieammv and fl' rCeS in 1
the Chesapeake, ,o bear alt, Z">
the invaluable products and treasuresVr
mountains andt he hills, the rich vclie mUie
plains, now useless to the mibions l 0 31,11
kets at your cities and towns on the L? ‘ a s‘
1 to increase your manulaciures and com l'
| and cheer the heart of the husband,,,^?
1 hope the dav is ripening lor this saint*.
| useful change. God-peed it! •>'and
] Ihe lat iff of 1842 has had the effect oi al ffiost
i depopulating die town of Dundee ScoilS
i ■* -‘St once flourishing place depended im
I SH PPon on the United States for the sale ,t ?
j cotton bagging. Now, ten thousand ot her p o n?
j l\ Mnm l , ,ave neen tnrown out of employment
Many o. the owners ot these factories' have
; since our far,ft was passed, taken out their
i machinery and sailed to the United State
' bringing u with them, and all theif e/pital and
! ™ en ; t 0 C(l,,t nience opperations in the ‘Mandoi
j the frve and the home of ihe brave.” Three nt
these men have settled in Louisiana ; one unde
! the nose of the Great Nullifier in South Carol!
I na, where he purchased his nephew’s (J, E Ol
I houn’s) pi mtation, intending to raise some oi
j the very cotton hr- designs to manulacur e
I About three thousand of her workmen have
j been transferred to our shores with their empW
ers, who will be good citizens, bringing a can?
tai among us of fittrn hundred thousand dollar?
But for fear these statements relative to Dande°
j may he denied by those who wish to repeal the
Tariff, and keep the South down, I have the
gratification of giving a statement below from
Mr, John Ward, Jr., a native of Dundee, now
of this city, and a manufacturer. He is of the
firm of Ward, Weeks & Co., of New York ami
of Newark, and is familiar with all he relates'
and 1 hope the latter pm of his statement will
be attentively considered by the friends of Rich
mond :
“The Tariff’of 1842 affected the importation
ot Colton Bagging more than any other article
with which lam acquainted. Previous to that
vear. the Southern States depended principally
on the town of Dundee, in Scotland, tor their
supplies, which were generally shipped to New
York, Some idea may be formed ol the n ag
nitude of the trade, when it is known that in
Dundee about ten thousand persons were em
ployed on the Cotton Bagging alone. James
Watt. Esq , of this city, was, previous to the
Tariff of 1842, the most heavy importer of Dun
dee Cotton goods into this country. In 1841, he
imported abou' 9,060 pieces; and in 18420n1y
1800 , ieces, being the iast importation he has
made, or ever expects to make. The manufac
ture of Bagging for the purpose of packing Co
tton is now extinct in Dundee. In consequence
of this state of things, their manufacturers nave
been obliged to turn their attention to other
branches of business. Several contemplate re
moving to thiscountry, and some have already
come. One has established himself in Patter
son, New Jersey, where he has erected a large
factory, the machinery ol which was all brought
from Dundee last summer, and which is fi led
up in a style superior to anything at the kind in
'his country. The managers, and all the prin
cipal workmen are industrious end experienced
hands from Dundee. In East Brooklyn, Long
(-land, there is in operation a small Bagging
Factory, managed by a. person from Dundee,
in New Bedford Rhode I-land, there is erecting
m establishment for the manufacture of all
>vb ds o| Dundee goods, to he managed bv Dun
ce mechanics. A number of other Dundee
manufacturers and mechanics, have gone South
o establish themselves.
“ Large quantities ol Oil Cloths, used to be
imported from England. Tids trade is also ex
inct, and manufacturers oi this article from
hat country, are now establishing themselves
hroughout all the Northern St tes of the Union.
There are several establishments in Brooklyn,
Long Island. The proprietors of one of these,
vlessrs. Richards & Horton, are about intro
ucing the manufacture of Glaze Cloths, ol
•very variety and description—such as table
• •overs, &c., at prices that will pul foreign com
etilion at eff fiance.
“ Messrs. Peter & Andrew Howe, brothers,
who served their time or apprenticeship in
Dun ee, which is celebrated for its tnanufac
mres in machinery, as well as in linen,came to
Hus country last fall, and established them
selves at Norfolk, Virginia, as manufacturers
of machinery, &e., where 1 am assured they are
succeeding admiral ly.”
You see bv the latter part, that he knows what
Virginia is, and her people, (always excepting
srnie of her polit cians,) and the invitation he
makes to them in behalf of the manufacturers
ol Dundee. Here it is :
“In Virginia, there are some splendid sites
for manufacturing—capital is plentiful, and the
people are liberal. Its close proximity to the
flax and cotton growing States, renders it a very
desirable location for the manufacture ol Dm
dee goods. In Dundee there are dozens of
manufacturers who can barely eke out a sub
sistence, and who would verv willingly come to
Virginia, if sufficient encouragement were held
out to them—something tangible, that would
enable them to commence operations on a scale
superior to anvlhingof the kind in this minin'.
The benefits which would accrue by the estab
lishment ot manufactures in Virginia, are per
fectly obvious to any one who has ever paid any
attention to the subject. Once let them be es
tablished on a fiim basis, and they will soon an
imate the people, and bring forth the resources
of that great Slate, and quicken into useful em
ployment the mechanical, agricultural, ana ,
commercial talents of her sons.”
Shou ny of the good people of Richmond,
feel desirous ol encouraging this object they
can make known their desires to you, and I shall,
from the advice I receive Rom you, lake the
pro’ er steps to make the matter known to the
na rtics. Should Richmond exert herself to have
concentrated at the Capital of the State, a dozen
or so ot large factories, she would add to her pop
ulation in five years, some fifteen thousam
souls. This would stimulate her Legislature,
and bv adding a greater market for the larmei,
! stimulate industry with the agricultural classy,
lead to the use ot those new and useful discove
ries in the science ot Agriculture, and make
what she ought to be—
‘i Great, slorious and tree, ,
First bride of the Union, first gem of the sea.
SOUTHERNER-
DuiNtTY OK Woman. It is not the vvornan
who si on Id be instructed by means ot the " _
band : it is the husband who should he
rated bv means ot the wife. What, t en,.
he done? Restore women to the comnletese' ,
oftheir dignity, and teach them to dis.m, -
true love from the furv which usurps its na •
The first point is that they should be loved
respected—that thev should on no acroun f'
sent to the deplorable part imposed upon
by our brutal passions—that ihev should
how degrading is the homage which .
convert them into instruments ol capnc
pleasure.
We understand that Signor Mnzzt
tained a sum of monev nearly sn . n
enable him to construct his anal c " ' . (er ,
such a scale as will enable him to try f f, e
esfing experiment of renal navtga to
open air. — N. N. Cour, rs- Enq.