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J W. & W. S. JONES.
MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBERS.
Georgia Rail l-toatl.
We are requested to state that the passenger
trains will commence their regular trips on this
road between Aususla and Atlanta—its western
terminus—on Monday next, 15 h inst. Fare
§7—distance 173 miles. Freights for Atlanta
will be received at the Augusta depot, at any
time after the lOr h instant.
Third Ward.
At a meeting ol the Whigs of the Third
Ward, held at the Globe Hotel, on Saturday
evening, 6th inst, the following gentlemen
were appointed delegates to the Convention to
nominate candidates to represent this county in
ihenext legislature:
W. E Evans, Samuel Hardeman,
John Finn, W. E. Jackson,
The Policy and the Party.
A writer in the Helicon under the signature of
“Grain-grower,” is telling the people some
home truths in a very plain way, which can
be relied upon with the utmost confidence, as
they can be fully sustained by the records. We
copy the following, and commend it to the read
er’s attention:
“In 1840, the Whigs had majorities in both
branches of the Legislature. They had to en
counter extraordinary difficulties. An empty
Treasury is always oppressive and dangerous
to the interests of the party in power, because it
induces taxation upon the people or neglect of
duty to the Stale. But, superadded to this diffi
culty, the Whigs had to struggle with all the
dele:erious consequences of Democratic rule.
Let facts speak a language which all can un
derstand. In 1839, the circulation of the Cen
tral Bank was but 5'86 ; 933. When the Legis
lature of 1840 assembled, it was more than Fif
teen Hundred Thousand Dollars. In one single
year, the circulation of the Bank had increased
nearly eighteen times what it ought to have been
if the true interests of the people had been con
sulted. The people were injured, not benefifled
by this policy; and if they have not already be
come universally satisfied ofthc fact, they will
unanimously acknowledge it when they shall
be —as they will be —called upon to pay (by taxa
tion) for these liberal Democralic-demagugue
ical indulgences!
“Butin the midst of this alarming state of the
public interests—when madness itself could
hardly plead excuse for such an error—Gov.
McDonald recommended to the Legislature to
pawn the honor and credit of the State for mil
lions more, for the purpose of loaning to the
"people through the Central Bank! What a pre
cious specimen ol demagogneism to humbug
the people! Let us sec how it worked. The
Democratic party in the Legislature, to their
everlastingshame, voted to sustain the measure
In’4l, they went before the people with Gov
McDonald’s recommendation in their hands,
shaped to suit their purposes, and, with the
aid of the sugar and coffee insurrection, they
once more elected their Governor. They
went forth with the cry of ‘ McDonald and Re
lief,’ and with their clamors against the ‘odious
Whig tax,’ they carried the Legislature,—
They made a feint to redeem their pledges to
the people, bv passing a bill to reduce the ‘ odious
whig tax’2o per cent., and Gov. McDonald
faintly vetoed it. So the ‘ odious whig lax’ was
continued, in defiance and violation of their
pledges, bv these lovers per se of the dear people!
“Th is Legislature of 184! repealed so much
of the Act of 1840 as forbid the Central Bank
to m >ke further loans; authorised it to flood the
country with shinplasters and ordered it to re
here the people immediately. Alas, vain call!
the galvanized giant could not respond to the
demand.
“ In 1842, the Democrats again had large ma
jorities in both branches ol the Legislature.
The sugar and coffee insurrection had served Us
turn—the wolf cry ot Relief! Relief! had grown
stale—the ‘odious whig tax of 1840 was begin
ning to be suspected of being a sound, judicious
political measure!
“Under such circumstances they met—these
shame-faced demagogues—and, hanging their
heads under an oppressive consciousness of
power unjustifiable gained and unworthily re
fined, they already trembled over the certainty
of their downfall. They had basely deceived
the people by false lights or under cover ofdark
ness, but now the bright Ir minary of Truth had
dawned in the midst or their iniquities. Now
they could have cried lor ‘Relief!’ for them
selves—but the wolf cry stuck in their throats!
All felt the necessity of doing something to save
an injured country; but many ol those who
had been most clamorous about ‘whig taxes’
and ‘relief,’ shrunk back aghast at the bare sug
gestion of taxing the people —the dear people!
But something had to be done. They implored
the wings—the same whigs who had imposed
the odious whig tax of 1840—to come to their
'ffeliell’ They added twenty-five per cent, to
the‘odious whig tax’ ol 1810, and called upon
the whigs to come forward and consecrate their
feluctant sacrifice upon the altar ol their com
mon country. What a strange, and, to them,
tt'hat a humiliating spectacle ! The whigs en
gtafted a proviso upon the lax bill, to the effect
'hat its proceeds should not be used to bolster up
'he Central Bank—the nobler part of the demu
r|ats accepted it, and the bill was passed.
“Central Bank money was then at 30 to 40
P er cent discount. These patriots had done
lllu ch, all things considered, for the advantage
m the State, and they very patriotically concln
ed 'hut their extraordinary patriotism deserved
extra reward. So they increased their men
to make up the depreciation in Central
Bank bills!!
“ In the midst ol the dilemma in which its J
miserable policy had placed the Democratic
party, it sought foranolher hobby, another hum
bug, by means ot which they might divert pub
lic attention from their past misconduct. To this
end, believing R.ail Roads generally to have
grown into disfavor with the people, U ey sin
gled out the Western and Atlantic Road for
their victim.
“Having summed up their labors by adding
twenty-five per cent, to the ‘Whig Tax,’ and in
creasing their own pay twelve and a half per
cent., the Democratic Legislature of 1842 dis
persed to their homes, apprehensively to await
the judgment of a humbugged constituency.”
From the N. O. Bee of the 2 d inst.
Mexico.
The schooner Juaquina, Captain Gomez, ar
rived yesterday morning trom Tampico, bring
ing dates from the city ot Mexico, to the 12th
ult. Captain G reports that it was generally
believed at Tampico that General Herrera —the
present Executive —had been elected President.
It was moreover currently rumored, that there
were 1500 Mexican troops on their march from
the interior to join Paredes, and that these with
the 2,000 already under the command of that
General, would constitute an effective force of
3 500 men, with which he contemplated a de
scent upon Galveston by the northern route,
while General Arista was to attack Gen’l Tay
lor at Corpus Christi. We give this statement
as we received it, having strong doubts of its
being any thing more than the usual vain glo
rious bluster of the Mexicans.
Bv some accident we received no papers by
'his arrival, and therefore transcribe the sub
joined intelligence from last evening’s Courier:
We find in the Diario del Gobierno of the
12th, that the cabinet was dissolved and the
ministers dismissed, except Jose Marta Orlcz
Monasterio, Secretary for Foreign Affairs, of
government and police.
The dissolution of the cabinet wasannounced
on the 4th, to the Congress, by a message from
die President ad interim, as follows:
Ministry of Foreign Ass airs, &c.
Gentlemen His Excellency, the President
ad interim, requests me to communicate to you,
that notwithstanding the talents, the patriotism
and integrity of those who, in ttie present diffi
culties, have the honor to administer the depart
ments —viz; Luis G. Cuevas, Mariano Riva
Palacio, Luis de la l.’osa and Pedro Garcia
Comic, he lias, with regret, found himself com
pelled to accept their resignation. Until a new
ministry can be formed, it is proper that a pro
visional ministry be formed in order that the
public affairs may not suffer. His Excellency
therefore confers the offices ol ministers of jus
tice and of war upon .lose Maria Duran and
Juan Luis de Leon, and upon me, besides that
I now administer, the office of minister of fi
nance.
JOSE MARIA O. MONASTERIO.
August 11th.
In the same paper ol the 12th there is a com
munication trom the same minister thanking
those who had resigned, for the ability with
which they had discharged their duties.
The new ministry was rot formed at the last
dales, nor will it be done before the inaugura
tion of the new President, and who that would
ho was not yet km vvn.
In th p Diario ot the 12;h are two proclama
tions of Gen. Arista; one addressed to the peo
ple of the departments ol Coahnila, Nuevo Leon
and 'J amaulipas, calling them to arms; the
other, U' the troops under his command to ex
■ ite their mania, ardor. The last isso curious
that we shall publish it entire:
“Comrades! The Supreme Government has
sent to me by express the news that the United
States, in pursuance of their ambitious views,
having taken possession of the Department ot
Texas, he bad demanded a declaration of war
from the Congress against that unjust nation.
“ The time is come to fight. We must pre
pare with the ardor inspired by duly and patriot
ism. when an attack is made upon the soil, the
honor and the pride of the nation.
“ I am sure, comrades, that those presump
tions Americans wifi be greatly disappointed
when they find that our soldiers are not so con
temptihle as they thought, and that they cannot
conquer them.
“ I address you under the influence of a lively
enthusiasm. All fanciful doubt is vanished;
the question is decided; and we are about to
commence the most righteous war that we ever
waged Laurels await us! To arms! It is
the only means ot avenging our honor, insulted
by a nation that boasts of its liberality and civi
lization.
“ Arms are the only arguments to use against
banditti and men without good faith. Let us
hope for that justice which is Invoked by all so
ciety and the decision of the civilized world.
“Our lot will be envied by the rest of the
army—we are nearest the theatre ot war—we
are the first to avenge the outrages on our coun
try, and to ravish from the usurpers the object
of their rapine.
“ Large bodies of troops are on their march —
they will soon be here to share our dangers
and repulse the enemy.
“The veterans ot the north have given proofs
ot their valor and constancy—they are accus
tomed to conquer this presumptuous race. 1
know your worth, and how dearly you love to
serve your country. It is tor this that lam
pleased to command you and to lead you to the
combat, in which your comrade and best friend
will be proud to follow your example.
“MARIANO ARISTA.”
The Albany Argus mentions the following
fact to illustrate the benefits of the late Geologi
cal survey of that State, in an economical point
of view:—
“One single fact established by that survey,
is worth more than the whole cost—and that
fact concerns, not what we do possess, (though
there are facts enough illustrating that point,)
but what we do not possess. It is computed,
on sound authority, that half a million ot do]
lurs were formerly squandered in useless re
searches lor coal, in the valley ot the Hudson
alone. The Geological Survey demonstales
that coot cannot be found in this State—the near
est approach to the coal measures being south
ward of our boundary, in Pennsylvania. Some
selt-opinioned people, deceived by the aspect of
the Utica slate and Marcellos skales, &c.,
would not be convinced ot the truth, till they
qnandered some lime and money in fruitless
explorations: but where is the sensible man,
who now disputes the assertions of the Geolo
gist upon t* is subject? _
Electricity.— A lemon tree has been made
to produce several crops of perteet fruit in quick
succession bv ll • nss ot the galvanic battery.
Wash for the Hair.— The American Farm
er says a joz. oil of burgamot put in a quart of
uncolored N.E rum, well shaken together in a
Mass vessel, and applied twice a day, is one ot
'he best washes ever applied to the human hair,
and prevents its falling out.
AUGUSTA, GA., TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1845.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
STEAMSHIP CALEDONIA.
From the New York Herald, 4th inst.
Fifteen Days Later from Europe.
The steamship Caledonia arrived at Boston
yesterday morning at 6 o’clock. She left Liv
erpool on the 19th ult., and we are in possession
of advices to her day of sailing.
We received the news by the enterprising ex
press agents, Adams & Co,, brought by the wav
of Hartford to this city, in the steamboat New
Champion.
The amount ot specie in the Bank of England
is no less than £16,000,000, an unusually large
quantity. On this account the bank refuses to
purchasetheChinese instalment of $2,000,000
in silver, and it will be publicly sold.
Mr. McLane has delivered his credentials to
the GLueen, and Mr. Everett his letters of recall.
The American ambassador was anxious to en
ter upon the object of his mission instanter, but
as Lord Aberdeen had arranged to accompany
the GLueen to Germany, the commencement of
negotiations was postponed. Her majesty, it
will be seen, has had a glorious reception on
the continent, A London paper, in the Pal
merston ian interest, says—“ The visit of the
GLueen to the Rhine has given rise to a world
of jealousies and mistrusts— has made courts
anxious and diplomatists busy.
The probability of a war between the United
Stales and Mexico had caused a decline of
nearly 2 per cent, in Mexican bonds.
The stocks of British goods on hand, general ly
are stared to be slight.
Parliament was prorogued on the 9th of Au
gust, by the GLueen in person. During its ses
sion, it sanctioned the construction of 2000 miles
of new railways in England and Scotland, and
560 miles in Ireland. The capital authorized
to be raised in shares lor this mirpose amounts
to £31,680,000, exclusive 0f£6,800,000 required
for the Irish lines, making in all .£38,480,000.
Sir Robert Peel gave assurance that he con
templated change in the principle of the existing
corn laws.
Wilmer’s News Letter says“ Ministers
have acted with great vigor and promptitude in
Ireland by dismissing Mr. Watson from the de
puty lieutenancy ol a county for attending an
Change meeting and publicly recommending
the re-establishment of a society under the ban
ot the law. They seemed deletmined to ad
minister even-handed justice to Orangemen and
Repealers. The great Orange meeting held at
Enniskillen, on Tuesday, was a failure, and the
Repeal agitation is falling away in interest and
revenue. 10,000 persons were present.
The Q,ueen’s Visit to Germany.
Her Majesty has at length set out upon her
long projected visit to the continent, after having
dismissed the peers and the representatives ot
the people from their arduous labors during a
protracted session to the employment of a wel
come recess.
The royal cortege left Buciriugham palace
shortly after four o’clock on Saturday afternoon,
and, passing through Pimlico and Vauxhall
bridge, proceeded at a rapid rate towards Wool
wich, where the Royal yatch and her consort,
the Black Eagle, lay in icadiness to convey the
royal party to Atwerp. Her Majesty stepped
on board at twenty minutes past five o’clock,
and the royal yatch bavins let go her moorings,
dropped gallantly down the river, amidst the
roaring of cannon, followed by the Black Eagle
and Porquepine Government steamers.
They remained at Sea Beach during the
night, weighed anchor on Sunday morning, pass
ed through the Nore at hail past lour o’clock,
and were seen 30 miles above Flushing about
four o’clock on Sunday afternoon, and arrived
off - Antwerp about a quarter to six on Sunday
evening, amidst the customary salutes, and the
royal party, were immediately visited by the
authorities, but did not land that night. Her
Majesty had a very rough passage, and the rain
(ell so heavily as in a great measure to prevent
her Imm being on deck during the voyage.
Immeriiatelv on her arrival her Majesty des
patched letters announcing it to the King of the
Belgians and the King of Prussia.
T h e next morning about a q larter to seven
the GLueen and Prince Alben came on shore,
amidst a royal salute and the cheering of the
crew of the yatch and on the three other steam
ers (who manned the yards) as well as of the
spectators on shore. Both her Majesty and his
Royal Highness looked remarkably well. The
roval visitors and their suite proceeded in car
riages down the Canal au Beurre, the Vielle
Marche an Bie, the Place Ferte, and the Meir,
to the railway, station, and where the royal
train, (a magnificent one) was waiting to convey
them to Malines, the central point of the Bel
gian Railway, and the one selected for the in
terview between GLueen Victoria and their Bel
gian Majesties. The King and GLueen of the
Belgians, accompanied by their Royal High
nesses* the Duke of Brabant and the Court ot
Flanders, awaited the arrival ot their august
visiters in the large sitting-room ol the station.
France.
The King and Royal Family are at the Cha
teau d’Eu, where the Princess of Saxe Coburg
Gotha has been safely delivered of a son.
A declaration of war by Mexico against the
United States is the great point discussed by the
Paris papers. La Pressc regards that act as a
puerile demonstration, calculates upon the sup
port of Mexico by Great Britain, and reporq
mends that Prance observe the strictest neu
trality. The other opposition prints discuss
the matter much in the same strain.
Markets.
Liverpool, Augusts.
Colton —In the early part of the week the market was
dull and heavy, but ihe experience of fine weather dur
ing the lasi two days has induced a renewal of confi
dence and a more aclive demand, the extreme prices
of Friday last having been to-day readily obtained for
all descriptions of cotton. The sales amount 'o 3ft 960
bales, of which 7*700 American and 700 Pernams have
been taken on speculation, and 3.20 U American and 500
Pernams for export The committee’s quotations for
fair co'lon remains as last week, viz: Bowed 4gd, Mo
bile 4gd, and Orleans 4gd lb.
August 15—Cotton has been in fair demand Ihe
past week, and American description* are partially Jd
per lb dearer than on Ft iday lasi ; in other kinds no
change can be noticed The sales of the week amount
to 41,990 bales of which 8400 American have been taken
on speculation, and 93UU do. for export. The commit
tee's quotations to day for fair cotton are as follows,
viz : Bowed 4Jd, Mobile 4jfd, and Orleans 5d per lb.
August 18 —Since Friday there has been only a mn
deiate business done, but Ihe lok of the market is firm,
and prices are steady On Satit-day the sales amount
ed to 6000. and today to 4000 bile*. Os the business
done to-day, 300 were Pernams, (600 for export.) 6J !•
150 Egyptians, 6j to 6Jd ; A)9 Surat,sJJ to3id.
We have been shown the coin found in a
black fish taken a short distance trom the light
house, a lev/ days ago. On one side is the
figure of a head, with these words around it—
fii : vvillh : iii no. V. fruessen —and underneath
—letten. It appears tube a Prussian Grosh
—and is worth about nine mills. The reader
must satisfy himself, it he can, as to how it got
A into the fish’* belly N*w London News.
h rom the National Intelligencer,
CAPTAIN FREMONT’S REPORT.
SECOND EXPEDITION.
We have derived much satisfaction and in
formation from au attentive perusal ot the nar- !
rative of the second expedition ot this enterpri
sing and talented young officer. Our opinion
respecting Capt. Fremont's peculiar fitness fur
the position he was placed in has been already
expressed. The manner in which he conducted i
this second expedition, amidst scenes of difficul- j
ty and danger tar exceeding those which attend- i
edthe former one; the highly satisfactory way
in which he has discharged all the duties and
accomplished all the purposes contemplated;
and the successful issue to his perilous under
taking achieved by his courage, his skill, his
sound judgment, and, we will add, his humani
ty, his correct sense ol moral obligation and
love of right, entitle him to the highest praise.
Capt. Fremont departed on his second expe
dition from the little town of Kansas, on the
Missouri frontier, on the 29th of May, 1843.
His party consisted principally of Creole and
Canadian French, and Americans—amounting
in all to thirty-nine men ; among whom were
several of those who had accompanied him on
a former lour. Mr. Thomas Fitzpatrick was
selected as the guide, a"d Mr, Charles Preuss
was associated with the expedition in the same
capacity as before. The parly were armed ge
nerally with Hall’s cat bines, and were furnished
with a brass twelve-pound howitzer. The camp
equipage and provisions were transported in
twelve carts, each drawn by two mules, and a
light covered wagon, mounted on springs, con
veyed the instruments.
“To make the exploration as useful as possi
ble, 1 determined,” says Capt. Fremont, “in
conformity with my general instructions, to
vary the route to the Rocky Mountains from
that followed in the year 1843. The route then
was up the valley of the Great Platte river to the
South Pass, in north latitude 42°; the route
now determined on was up the valley ofthc
Kansas river, and to the head of the Arkansas,
ami to some pass in the mountains, it any could
be found, at the sources of that river.”
“By making this deviation from the former
route, the problem of a new road to Oregon in
a climate mote genial, might be solved, and a
better knowledge obtained ofan impeltant river
and the country it drained, while the great ob
ject of the expedition would find its point of
commencement at the termination of the former,
which was that great gate in the ridge of Ihe
Rockv Mountains called the South Pass, and
on the lofty peak of the mountain which over
looks it, deemed the highest peak in the ridge
and from the opposite sides of which four great
rivers take their rise, and How to the Pacific
or Mississippi.”
The route appears to have been lot many
days through a pleasant and level country, in
tersected with numerous streams, in general
well timbered on their margin with ash, elm,
cotton-wood, and very large oak. This agreea
ble slate of things did not, however, long con
tinue; for, the narrative says;
“Shortly after leaving ourencampmenlon the
26th June, we found suddenly that the nature of
the country had entirely changed. Bare sanH
hills everywhere surrounded us in the undula
ting ground along which we were moving, and
the plants peculiar toa sandy soil made theirap
pcarance in abundance.”
The Fourth of Julv was spent at St. Vrain’s
Fori, in latitude 40° 16 in . 52 sec. north, and
longitude west 105° 12 m. 23 sec.
The parly were iu the neighborhood ol Pike’s
peak on the 11th of July. We are told respect
ing the country through which they were now
travelling, that—
“ With occasional exceptions, comparatively
so very small as not to require mention, these
prairies are everywhere covered with a close
and vigorous growth of a great variety of gras
ses, among which the most abundant is the buf
falo grass da/Jyhulcs ) Between the
Platte and Arkansas rivers, that part ot this re
gion which forms the basin drained by the wa
ters ot the Kansas, with which our operations
made us more particularly acquainted is based
upon a formation of calcareous rocks. The
soil of all this country is excellent, admirably
adapted to agricultural purposes, and would
support a large agricultural and pastoral popu
lation. A glance at the map accompanying
ibis report, along our several lines of travel
will show you that this plain is watered by
many streams. Throughout the western hall of
the plain these are shallow, witfi sandy beds
becoming deeper as they reach the richer lands
approaching the Missouri river; thev generally
have bottom lands, bordered by bluffs varying
trom fifty to five hundred feet in height. In all
this region the timber is entirely confined to the
streams. In the eastern half, where the soil is
a deep, rich, vegetable mould, retentive of rain
and moisture, it is ot vigorous growth and of
many different kinds; and throughout the west
ern half it consists entirely of various species
of cotton-wood, which deserves to he called the
tree of the desert—growing in sandy soils where
no other tree will grow ; pointing out the exis
tence of water, and funds' ing to the traveller
fuel, and food for his animals.”
On the 17th July, Captain Fremont visited
the celebrated Springs, from which the Boiling
Springs’ River takes its name, and gives the fol
lowing graphic sketch of their locality:
“Leaving the camp to follow slowly, I rode
ahead in the afternoon in search of the springs.
In the mean time, the clouds, which had been
gathered all the afternoon over the mountains,
began to roll down their sides ; and a storm so
violent burst upon me, that it appeared I had
entered the slorehouse of the thunder storms. I
continued, however, to ride along up the river
until about sunset, and was beginning tube
doubtful of finding the springs before the next
flay, when I came suddently upon a large
smooth rock, about twenty yards in diameter,
where the water from several springs was bub
bling and boiling up in the midst of a while in
crustalion with which it had covered a poition
of the rock. As this did not correspond with a
description given me by the hunters, 1 did not
stop to taste the water; hut, dismounting, walk
cd a little way up the river, and passing through
a narrow thicket of shrubbery bordering the
stream, stepped directly upon a huge white
rock, at the foot ol which the river, already be
come a torrent, foamed along, broken by ?
small fall A deer which had been drinking
at the spring wasslartled by my approach, and
springing across the river, bounded off up the
mountain. In the upper part of the rock, which
t had apparently been formed by deposition, was
a beautiful white basin overhung by current
| bashes, in which the cold clear water bubbled
I up, kept in constant motion by the escaping gas,
and overflowing the rock, which it had almost
j entirely covered with a smooth crust ot glisten-
I ing white. I had all day refrained from drink
ing, reserving nryselt tor the spring; and as
I could not well be more wet than the rain had
already made me, I lay down by the side ol the
basin, and drank heartily of the delightful wa
ter - _ The annexed sketch is only a rude one,
but it will enable you to form some idea of the
i character of the scenery and the beauty of this
i spot, immediately at the loot of lofly mountains,
! beautifully limbered, which sweep closely
| round, shutting up ihe little valley in a kind of
cove. As it was beginning to grow dark, 1
rode quickly down the river, on which I found
the camp a few miles below.
“The morning ot the 18th was beautiful and
clear, and, all the people being anxious to drink
of these famous waters, we encamped imme
diately at the springs, and spent there a very
pleasant day. On the opposite side ol the river
is another locality of springs, which are entirely
ot the same nature. The water has a very
agreeable taste, which Mr. Preuss found very
much to resemble that ot the famous Seller
springs in the grand duchy of Nassau.”
July 20.—The narrative stales; “Wc con
tinued our march up the stream, along a green
sloping bottom, between pine hills on the one
hand, and the main Black hills on the other, to
wards the ridge which separates the waters of
the Platte from those of the Arkansas. As we
approached the dividing ridge, the whole valley
was radiant with Mowers; blue, yellow, pink,
white, scarlet, and purple, vied with each other
in splendor. Esparcelle was one ol the highly
characteristic plants, and a bright-looking flow
er (gaillardia anstata) was very frequent; but
the most abundant plant along our road to-day
was geranium macnla/um, which is the char
acteristic plant on this portion of the dividing
grounds. Crossing to the waters of the Platte,
fields ol blue flax added to ihe magnificence ot
this mountain garden; this was occasionally
four feet in height, which was a luxuriance of
growth that I rarely raw this almost universal
plant attain throughout the journey.”
The parly were on the 2d of August on a fork
of the Laramie river, in latitude 41 deg. 45 min
59 sec. and longitude 106 deg. 47 min. 25 sec.
“At this place (says Capt. F.) I became first
acquainted with the yampah, {atielhum graveo
lens,) which I found our Snake woman en
gaged in digging in the low timbered bottom ot
the creek. Among the Indians along the Rocky
Mountains, and more particularly among the
Shoshonee, orSnake Indians, in whose territory
it is rery abundant, this is considered the best
among the roots used for food. To us, it was
au interesting plant—a little link between the
savage and civilized life. Mere, among the
Indians, its toot is a common article of food,
which they take pleasure in offering to
strangers; while with us, in a considerable
portion of America and Europe, the seeds are
used to flavor soup, ll grows more abundant
ly, and in greater luxuriance, on one ot the
neighboring tributaries of the Colorado than in
any other part ot this region; and on that
stream, to which the Snakes are accustomed to
resort every year to procure a supply of their
favorite plant, they have bestowed the name of
Yampah river. Among the trappers it is gene
rallv known as Little Snake river.”
“In the afternoon we took our way directly
across the spurs from the point of the mountain,
where we had several ridges to cross; and al
though the road was not rendered had by the na
ture ol the ground, it was made extremely rough
by the stiff’ tough bushes of arlemisia Iridentala,
in this country commonly called sage,
“This shrub now began to make its appear
ance in compact fields; and we were about to
quit for a long time this country of excellent
nasturage and brill if- n t flowers. Ten or twelve
buffalo bulls were seen during the afternoon;
and wc were surprised by the appearance of a
Large red ox. We gathered around him as it he
had been an old acquaintance, with all our do
mestic feelings as much awakened as it we had
"ome in sight of an old farm house. He had
nrobably made his escape from some party o'
: on Green river; and, with a vivid re
•nemhrance of some old green field, he was pur
suing the slraightest course for the frontier tba>
'he country admitted. We carried him alone
with us a prize; and when it was found in the
morning that he had wandered off. I would not
'et him be pursued, for I would rather have gone
'hrough a starving time of three entire days,
'hau let him be killed alter lie hid successfully
run the gauntlet so far among the Indians. I
have been told b} Mr. Bent’s people of an ox
Horn and raised at St. Vrain’s fort, which made
his escape from them at Elm grove, near the
frontier, having come in that year with the
wagons. They were on their way out, and saw
occasionally places where he had eaten and lain
down to rest; but did not see him for about 700
miles, when they overtook him on the road,
'ravelling along to the fort, having unaccounta
bly escaped Indians and everv other mischance,”
On the north fork of the Platte;
“In the precipitous bluffs were displayed a
succession ol strata containing fossil vegetable
emains, and several beds of coal. In some of
'he beds the coal did not appear to be perfectly
mineralized; and in some of the seams it was
compact and remarkably lustrous. In these lat
er places there were also thin layers of a very
fine white salts, in powder.”
On the 13th of August the expedition look its
way along the upland, towards the dividing
ridge which separates the Atlantic from the Pa
citie waters, and crossed it by a road some miles
further south than the one wc had followed on
>ur return in 1842. Wc crossed very near the
table mountain, at the southern extremity of the
South Pa*s, which is near twenty miles in
width, and already traversed by several differen l
roads. Selecting as well as 1 could, in the
scarcely distinguishable ascent, what might be
considered the dividing ridge in this remarkable
lepression in the mountain, I look a barometri
cal observation, which gave 7 490 feet tor the
elevation above the Gull ol Mexico. You will
remember that in my report of 1842 T estimated
the elevation of this pass at about 7.000 feel; a
correct observation with a good barometer ena
Lies me to give it now with more precision. Its
importance, as the great gate through which
commerce and travelling may hereafter pass bt
' ween the valley ot the Mississippi and the north
Pacific, justifies a precise notice of its locality
and distance from leading points, in addition to
'Lis statement of its elevation. As staled in the
report ot 1843. its latitude at the point where we
crossed is 42 u 24'32"; its longitude 109° 26'00”;
its distance from the mouth of the Kansas, bv
the common travelling route, 962 miles; from
•he mouth of the Great Platte, along the valley
of that river, according to our survey of 1842.
882 miles; and its distance from St. Louisabou'
100 miles more by the Kansas, and about 700
by the Great Platte route; these additions being
steamboat conveyance in both instances. From
his pass to the mouth ol the Oregon is about
I 400 miles by the common travelling route; so
hat, under a general point of view, it may be
issumed to be about half way between the Mis
■issippi anil the Pacific ocean, on the common
'ravelling route. Following a hollow of sligh'
and easy descent, in which was very soon formed
VOL. IX—-NO. 107.
a 1 ittle tributary to the Gulf ol California, (lor the
waters which flow west from the South Passgoto
thisguit;) we made our usual halt four miles
trom the pass, in latitude by observation 42® 19'
53". Entering here the vailey of Green river—
the great Colorado of the West—and inclining
very much to the southward along the streams
which form the Sandy river, the road led for
several days over dry and level uninteresting
plains; to which a low, scrubby growth of ar
temisa gave a uniform dull grayish color; and
on the evening of the 15th we encamped in the
Mexican territory, on the left bank of Green
river, 69 miles trom the South P#ss, in longi
tude 1 u 53' 54", dis
tant 1,031 miles from the mouth of the Kansas.
This is the emigrant road to Oregon, which
bears much to the southward, to avoid the moun
tains about the western heads of Green river—
the Rio Verde ol the Spaniards.”
CO M MERCI A I*.
New Orleans, September 1.
We have been visited with almost daily showers
throughout the week, and ihe health of the city
continues good. The river continues to fall slowly,
and is now 12£ feet below high water mark.
Cotton —Arrived since the 22d ult. ot Louisiana and
Mississippi 5271 bales, Mobile 10; together 5281 bales,
of which 5214 bales are new crop. Cleared in the same
time for New York 512, Boston 64 ; together 576 bales—
making an addition to slock of 4705 bales, and leaving
on hand, inclusive of all on ship hoard not cleared on
the 30th ultimo a stock of 7556 bales.
Our last report left the Colton market in a quiet
slate, with the prices apparently tending in favor of
buyers, which wo attributed in some tnepsure to the
difficulty of effecting shipments. On Tuesday we re
ceived advices from Havre to the 2d and from Liverpool
to the sth ultimo, brought by the steampacket Hiber
nia at Boston Our own market, as we have already
staled, seemed to be tending in favox of buyers previous
to receipt ot the above advices, and as they were not
calculated to assist it in any degree, a gord deal of hea
viness and in egularily have prevailed, buyers gener
ally obtaining the advantage in the limited transac
tions that have taken place. The sales since the 22d
ultimo amount to about 1800 bales, nearly the whole
being new crop, taken mostly for England and the
North, present prices, it is said, being too high lor the
limits of Flench orders. The demand, also, has been
almost exclusively confined to the fair to fine qualities.
As t egards prices the market is so unsettled at the mo
ment that it is quite impossible to quote with strict
accuracy, though as an approximation to correctness
we venture to give the following figures—say for good
middling (which is about the lowest grade of the new
crop yet received, so far as we can understand) t<* mid
dling fair 7j- fa) 7|, fair BJ(© is}, good fair S| (a) 94, good
and fine (a) cents lb The tendency of the mar
ket, however, seems to be still downward, as there are
but few buyers disposed to opeiate at present prices,
and increasing receipts and declining exchanges exer
cise a depressing influence. Borne small parcels of old
crop have been disposed of at (a) G| cents, and the
whole quantity now left on the marketonly amounts to
about 300 to 400 bales, consisting principally of low
Tennessee®, which are dull at the moment.
STATEMENT OT COTTON.'
Stock, on hand Ist Sept., 1844, bales 12934
Arrived since the22d ultimo 5281
Arrived previously 973957
Total receipts for 12 months 979238
992172
Exported since 22d ultimo 570
Exported previously -....9&1040
Total exports for 12 months 984616
Stock on hand Ist Sept. 1845—ba1e5..............7550
Comparative Statement of the Receipts of cotton from the
Ist Sept, in each year to dates , and also the Stocks on
hand at fie following places at the dates annexed.
Rec’d since Sept. I. Stock on hand.
Places. 1844. 1543. 1845. 1844.
N. Orleans, Aug. 31.,954285 850342 7556 12934
Vlobile, Aug. 26 515743 407820 438 3920
Savannah. Aug. 21...303347 243028 3273 2000
Charleston, Aug. 22. .426362 301473 16015 12046
Florida. Aug. 18 187769 145249 656 £-00
Virginia, Aug. 1 22151 13800 1900 2500
\. Carolina, Aug, 2.. 1-2265 8575 12C0 700
NcwYork, Aug. 19 44200 79600
Other Por ts, Aug. 16 1413 6433
Total, bales 2417512 2030287 77251 122933
Total to dates in’43 2030287 122933
Increase this year. ~£67525 Decrease.. .45682 in stock.
D 3“ We have taken frem N Orleans the amounts
received from Mobile and Flcrida. Also, from Charles
ton the receipts from Savannah—and from Mobile the
receipts from Florida.
Sugar, Louisiana —There has been a moderate busi
ness doing in the Sugar market during the past week,
and the total sales since out list amount to about 500
hhds, the greater part merely changing hands, and
mostly in two lots, of which 110 were disposed of at 7
cents, and 150 at a price not made public. Besides
these about 200 hhds Common are going on ship-board
•or the North, which will leave the stock now remain
ing in the State about 2500 hhds. The extreme rates for
lots on the Levee may be quoted at 6(a) 7\ cents, the lat
ter price being for small lots of strictly prime. The
eceipls on the Levee since Ist Sept, have been 93.288
hhds. Exported in same time 104,501 hhds and 10,661
barrels.
Molasses —Some arrivals this week have given the
market a better supply, but there is very little demand,
and the transactions are mostly of a retail character, at
a range of 24 id) 27cents 3F gallon,according t quality,
condition of barrels, <fcc. The receipts on fgr Levee
since Ist Sept have been 105,935 barrels. Exptuts same
time 17.094 hhds and 94,415 bbls.
Plow —Our quotationsare for Ohio and the common
brands of Illinois and Missouri $3 50 fa) 3 75, according
to quality; favorite bakers’ brands $4 fa)4 50, the last
rate being for one or two choice marks cf the St Louis
City Mills. There have also been some sales of sour
Flour at $3 2F bbl. The present stock is fully 25,000
barrels, while last year at the same time the quantity
on hand did not exceed 1000 bbls of sweet and 4000
sour. The total receipts since Ist Sept, last ale 533,312
bbls. Exports same time 279,137 bbls.
Bacon —The light stocks, and the high prices for Pork
enable holders to maintain very full rates for Bacon,
and we quote for uncanvasscd Hams 8 fa) 8J cents, can
vassed do and extra cured 8 fa) 11, Sides 8 (a) Bs, Should
ers 7 (a) 7J cents lb. The total receipts since Ist
Sept, last are 21,250 casks and 350,000 pounds in bulk.
Exports in the same time 11.882 casks.
Bugging <s' Bale Rope— For a long time past we
have ueen under the necessity of reporting an exceed
ingly dull market for these ai tides, with constantly ac
cumulating stocks, and under these depressing influ
ences holdsis were compelled to submit to a decline,
as noticed in our last. Since then the market has re
mained inactive, and we repeat former quotations,
which are lor low hand loom to power loom Bagging
10i fa? 11|, and for some few extra brands ot the latter
1 cash, or with interest added on short time. Rope
3$ (a) sc, according to quality, terms. &c., the sales be
ing mostly at a lange ol 4f fa) 4|o. The total receipts
since Ist September last are 111,324 pieces Bagging and
67.000 coils Rope, and we have ascertained the present
stocks to be in round numbers 25,000 piece* Bagging
and 24.000 coils Rope, against 13.500 pieces Bagging and
28.000 coils Rope same time last year.
iVhiskey —The market has remained dull throughout
the past "week, but light arrivals have caused rather
more firmness in prices, and wc now quote Rectified at
20 (a) 20J, a considerable portion of the slock being
held at 21c gallon. There is very little Common in
market, and occasional small sales are made at 23c
gallon. The total Receipts since Ist are
97,651 bbls: Exports same time 32.360 bbls.
Exchange— A continued limited demand, and a ma
terial increase in the amount of bills offering have pro
duced a decline in the rates for all descriptions except
Francs. We now quote for Sterling 9\ (a) 9| cent
prem Francs Ot 25 (a) 5f 27£. New York 60 day bills J
ia) I ](:' cent discount, do sight par (a) i cent ptem.
Boston 60 days } la) I cent discount, sightparfa)s
IF cent. Baltimore ana Philadelphia 60 days | (d) I
cent dis.
freights—Swtce our last report two American skips
have been engaged for Liverpool, at 9-16 d for Colton
and 37s 6d for Tobacco, and we understand that these
ates are now refused. A ship has also been taken for
London to load with Tobacco, the greater part of her
cargo engaged at 37s 6d, and filling up at 40s Advanc
ed rates arc generally asked to coastwise ports, there
have been several arrivals the past week, and the sup
ply of vessels is on the increase.
Maoon, September 4.
Cation— The entire receipts for ihe season, from the
first of Sept. 1844 to Ist -Sept. 1845—are.. 134,644 bales.
Slock on hand at this time •.*••••• '’rnr
The receipts since last report are, in July Jlv
“ in August . ol»
The largest amount ot Colton ever received before
in this market, was ihe crop of 1839, which amounted
'o 113.000 bales. It is also to be recollected, (hat since
ihat lime, most of the cotton is packed in square bales,
which will probably average one third more than they
did at that tune. This shows an increase i:i our re
ceipts (counting it by bales) of 21,644 bales.
New Colton is coming in. in small quantities, say
from 30 to 40 bags a day. The market of course is not
-etiled, and our quotations must be taken as merely
nominal —the cotton that has been brought to market,
-ells from wagons at from C® 7i cents.
•)ur market is well supplied with bagging aud oth*«
Staple article*. uaaat