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OrlKONiOiiti & SENTINEL i
1
B Y WI LLIAM S. JONES, <
omoi m rail road bark building.
DAILY, TRI.WEEKLYt iVjfIKKLY. ,
THiasiS—Daily Paper, to ci», subscribers, per '
srmm, inadrsr
Daily Paper. a> ...«d to the country, 7
_ * aper, “ “ “ %
Wees’ -(a mammoth shfitj “ ...... £
C. i,i SYSTEM.—In no case will an order \Ur t
b* paper be attended to, unless accompanied w /H h
toe money, and in every instance when the uir e f or
which the subeeriptiou may be paid, expiree , before
the receipt of funds to renew the same, ~l \ ie; paper
will be di; ‘ontinaed.
Mb. Glenn’s Letter.—We copy from the
Telegraph of yesterday, the subjo l ned letter
from Luther J. Glenn, Esq., of Henry county,
which wi l serve to show the manner in which
the disumonists are conducting the present cam
paign. They seem to hesitate at nothing in or
der to misrepresent Mr. Cobb’s opinions. The
worst part of this whole matter is, that when
they esk for i hose opinions in order to embarrass
him, and when he generously comes forward
and gives a full and free expression of them, they
are withheld from the public. Shamp j sname
on such conduct. Let the reader peruse the
following letter from Mr. Glenn and then turn to
the firßt page where he will find Mr. Col b’s rcai
sentiments fairly and fully expressed.— Jour. <f-
Mesa.
Decatur, August 14th, 1851.
Messrs. Editors :—My attention has been
directed to a communication, signed *• Burke”
In your last paper, Id which I find the follow
ing:
“And no wonder that on the same day in De
Kalb or one of the adjoining counlies, Col.
Glenn, Mr. Cobb’s brother in law, made a speech
in which he stated, that he waj anthorized by
Cobb to say that he did not believe in the right of
secession at all, and that any State that should
attempt to secede would be guilty of rebellion
or revolt againgt the General Government.”
I have made but one “speech” during the can
vass and that was in the county of Butts. I
mods no such statement as that contained in
“Burke' #” article, nor any other, which could pos
sibly be tortured intoit, then or at any other time
or place.
May I not then ask in the language of “Burk.e”
himself, “i ohy this scheme of falsehood and de
ception towards the people of Georgia ?”
Respectfully, Luther J. Gi .m.
Slavery in 1776.—While this subjr jC t „f B j a .
very is commanding the attention o's people in
every section of the Union, it may not be unin
teresting to give a few facts in connection wiih
its existence in 1776. fcrom an 4 authentic source
we learn that slavery, at period when the
different States assumed the, direction of their
own affairs by declaring ir.d«p'endence, existed to
some extent, as now recogniyed in the Southern
States, in every one of the oviginal thirteen colo
nies. The following table exhibits, in an accurate
light, the slave population, of each colony at the
above mentioned time :
1 Massachusetts 3,500
2 Rhode Island 3.473
3 Connecticut 6,000
4 New Hampshire 629
6 New York - 15 000
6 New Jersey 7,6C0
7 Pennsylvania 10,000
8 Delaware - 9,000
9 Maryland 80,000
10 Virginia 165,000
11 North Carolina 75,000
12 South Carolina 110,COO
13 Georgia 16,000
Total number of Slaves 502,102
Since the year 1770, seven of the above origi
nal members of the confederacy have effected
the abolition of slavery in their borders, viz :
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Massa
chusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and
Connecticut. The history of these States wa -
rant the conclusion that its abolition was not
owing to any prejulice in the minds of the peo
ple against slavery, but because of their being un
suitedfor the duties that the enterprise of that re
gion required, as developments then made showed
that the production of the great staples of
the United States, was impossible in that climate.
WISTEBN AND ATLANTIC RAIL ROAD.—We
took a hasty run over this Road on Tuesday last
to Kingston. We were gratified to find that the
old Passenger Cars had lost their places on the
Road, and two new cars, manufactured at Au
gusta, strong, plain and comfortable, were in
their places. Encourage our own mechanics
and wo will effectually vindicate “ Southern
Rights."
We found] the officers on the Road, as
usual, polite and attentive. If Engineers, watch
ing the hack with that never blink, and
hands upon the lever that never pall, could pre
vent accidents, we thi .k all would De prevented
on the Georgia State Road. All the difficulties,
that have yet occur ed have been mainly caused
by the bad iron on the road ; this Col. Mitchell
Informed ue would soon be removed, and the
track all relaid with the proper kind of iron.
The work is now going on. '
The crowd of passengers going both wavs over
the road, is gratifying evidence that cheap fare
accommodates the people, and that the revenue
to the S.ate, instead of diminishing, is increas
ing. The Springs in upper Georgia are full of
visitors, nine-tenths of whom travel over the
Hoad.—Chattanooga Gazette
Secession is Submission —Judge Upshur,
of Virginia, in 1833, while discussing the ques
tion of Secession, use? thislanguage:
“In one way indeed, the evil may be arrested
by secession: the usurped power may be ren
dered nugatory, by withdrawing from its
reach all the objects upon which it can exer
cise itself. 1 can scarcely imagine, however,
that this tame and submissive idea was enter
tained by the statesmen of 1789. It appears
to my humble understanding that secession, so
far from being a resistance to a usurped pow.
er, is precisely the reverse; it is neither more
nor less than • running away from the oppres
sor; and so iar from “arresting the progress
of the evil,” it encourages and invites the evil,
by removing all restraint from the wrong door.
In this v ew therefore, it is not within the reso
lutions of 1798.”
Madison Steam Mill Company. —We were
very muen gratified the other day, to see pas
sing through our streets a quantity of Cotton
yarns, neatly baled up—and seeing the same
team return with cotton in bales. On inquiry
we found that the Steam Mill Company had
shipped to New York 79 bales of elegantly
assorted Factory Cotton Yarns, from Numbers
6to 16. On a visit to the Mill, we found them
grinding corn—seemingly very busy, asseveral
teams were waiting. On reflecting and think
ing of the operations and advantages of such
establishments—adding almost half a village to
oar pleasant town —and consuming, as we
suppose, from 12 to 1500 bales of cotion an
nually-giving employment to some 80 or a
100 persons —and almost quadrupling the val
ue of our raw material in its shipment, we
thought it a pity that we did not have machine
ry at work in Georgia to spin up she crop.—
What a value it would bei The crop of this
State would be worth to the State from 16 to
25 cents a pound—and the wages for labor dis
tributed amongst the people almost equal to
that amount. When will our people awaken
to their best interests? —Madison Visitor.
The Slaver Hanover. —We mentioned a
few days since that the clipper biig Hanover,
which so suddenly left New York in the early
part of last month, was at Cardenas, Ist inst.,
loading for the Coast of Africa. The New
York Express says (hat she was ready to sail,
with a crew of 190 men and a large supply of
muskets and ammunition. Twenty-five 0 f
the men bad come armed in the vessel from
Havana. There was no seoresy exhibited
ei her in her appointments or the object of
those commanding bar. The person who pro •
Tided the stores was Don Andres Cortina, a
trader of Cardenas. The owner is M. Zulue
fa, a well known slave trader, a native of
Spam, protected by Geq. C* who fe
ceives as Governor Genera on each jm .
ported slave, and .so has „ direct intereßt in
the business. — Balt. A*
aw.
s
Circular.
To the Ter u j u/r9 j„ tfe State of Georgia
Gentlemen .__At a public meeting held in the
.aeon, to appoint Delegatee to the
on, r jn School Convention, a resolution
passed inviting teachers throughout our
® Ate to hold a teachers’ Convention in this city
on the 29th day of Ootoh r next. The un
dersigned were at the same time appointed a
committee to extend this invitation to the edu
cators of the State, a duty, which we cheerful
ly perform.
There have been many attempts within two
or three yesrs to obtain such a Convention at
d.fferent points, but all have failed, doubtless
more from want of a consentaneous move
ment, than from a sense of the inutility of this
step. We now propose a meeting at a cen
tral point, oue easily accessible from all parts
of the State; and at a time, when the State
Agricultural Fair will doubtless bring many
teachers as visitors to the city. Under these
circumstances may we not' hope for a full
meeting of those engaged in the work of edu
cation 7
An interchange of views upon many topics ;
a more general agreement as to what consti
tutes a good School Education, and as to the
course to> be pursued to make it thorough; a
conference and concurrence upon the choice
of text books; a consultation as to the best
mothods of ditoipliue, may all find place among
the subjocts of discussion at such a conven
tion. li no more, an acquaintance be un and
a sympathy established between Presidents,
Professors, Rectors and Teachers in our Col
leges, Academies and Schools will be a result
obtained worthy tne pains and time it will cost.
Wa therefore respectfully invite a general
attendance of all these dtfferent grades of
Teachers to the Convention, in October.
IMlacon, Aug. 19th. 1851.
E. 11. Myers, Y
U. W. WtsE,
PA. Strobel, > Committee.
H. Mead,
M. M Mason. J
P. S.—Will the Editors in the State who fe* 1
interested in the cause of Education, please
give the above insertion.
Homicide. —A most revolting murder was
perpetrated in our town last Saturday even
ing, by G. D Cornett, upon the body of W.
W. Hailes. The facts of the case, as near as
we have have been able to ascertain them, are
these. Mr. Hailes had been drinking during
the day—and was very drunk —about 2 o’clock
in the afternoon, he walked into Mr. Mark
ham’s grocery, where Cornett was leaning
against a barrel with a pocket knife in his hand,
eating a piece of dryed beef Hailes slapped
him goodhumoredly on the breast and remarked
“how are you old fellow?” i ornett pushed
him off, and Hailes came up and slapped him
again—when Cornett immediately stabbed him
—inflicting two wounds—one in the breast and
the other in the groin, causing death in ten or
fifteen minutes. Cornett was arrested and
committed to jail.
We are not aware of any previous difficulty
between them, but presume there was none,
as Mr. Hailes was regarded in this cummuni
ty as a peaceable man even when drinking too
mnch, which he was occasionally in the habit
of doing.— Madison Vtsitor.
The Cuban Revolution.—Yesterday was
quite and exciting day in town The
from Cuba created a good deal of commotion
Cubsti flat's with their lone star on a red
ground, and the striped bunting of blue and
while, were disp’ayed at the Exchange, at the
several offices of ihe morning papers, and at
three or four other places. The manifestation*
of joy at the Cuban news were most decided
and unequivocal.
At 6 o’clock in the afternoon a salute of 100
guns was fired from the East end of the Bay.
In the evening a 'arge gathering of the
friends of Cuba took place at the Exchange
long room, among whom any quantity of en
thusiasm prevailed. The crowd was so great
that the room could not contain one half of
those who desired to get in, and the proceed
■ngs were closed in Monument square.— Sav.
Repub.
Cuba.—This island is 624 miles in extreme,
length, with anaverage width of about 60 miles,
containing an area of 37,000 square miles, and a
population of 1,500,000. 'I he value of its agri
cultural productions in 1849 was 62,781 035. Its
exports during the same period were 27,380,921,
oi which 8,700,2*24 were to the United States.
Its imports during the same peiiod were 26,-
707,343, of which $7,28),214 were from the
United States. The amount of American ton
nage employed in the trade with the island, du
ring the Bame period, was 501,267 tons. The to
tal amount of taxes levied upon American com
merce with the island in the shape of duties up
on imports, tonnage duties, and duties upon ex
ports exceed S4,()0C,000 annually. There are
359 miles of railway in operation upon the is
land. Os the 527,0U),000 ol annual imporis, ac
cording to official documents, 916,000.000 are
in provisions, lumber, fabrics, materials, &c.,
which the one or the other of the United States
could furnish more readily than any other coun
try, but, through the taxes and restrictions im
posed by Spanish policy, not more than one-third
of it comes from the fields and factories of the
United States.
Religious Intelligence. —A meeting of
unusual interest and efficacy is now going on
in this city at the Methodist Uhurch under the
direction of the Rbv. A. T. Mann, the worthy
presiding Elder of this District, assisted by
other ministering brethren. Some fifty or
sixty, we learn, have embraced religion, and
Bitched themselves to the Church, whilst a
general interest upon the subject of religion
seems to pervade the entire community, and
wa .nay reasonably hope that many more will
become the happy subjects of this gracious
revival season. VVe are also gratified to learn
that at a protracted meeting recently held at
the Silver Creek Church, some six miles from
this place, about seventy converts were added
to the Methodist communion. We hear of
good meetings among the various denomina
tions of Christians in different parts of the
country. These manifestations of religious
improvement and progress, are highly grati
fying to the feelii gs of the pious and the
good.—Rome Courier.
Scarlet Fever. —In Braithwaite’s Retros
pect of Practical Medicine and Surgery, Dr.
Gardner has a paper respecting the treatment
of sea’ let fever with belladona, in which he
Bays that he has not yet met with a fatal case
in treating with it. He administers the bella
dona according to the ability of the patient, in
doses ofhalf a grain to a whole griia, every
3or 4 hours. He does not allow delirium
to delay him from giv ng ihe medicine. The
diet he recommends is bread and milk. Dr.
Greene, of Packham, England, cor roll rates
this, and says he has used it for ten years suc
cessfully. His doses to persons above puber
ty is one sixth of a grain in mint-water, every
fonr hours; for infants, very minute doses are
given, and these with caution. Dr. Bennett,
of Gateshead, states that after ammotra, min
eral acids, and the application of nitrate of
silver had ail failed, in treating malignant scar
let fever, he found that one or two table
spoonsful of fresh yeast, frequently given,
was qu ckly efficacious as aa antiseptic and
stimulant.
Defeat or an Abolitionist. —ls the Whigs
in Indiana had no other cause for rejoicing, the
defeat of Julian, the abolition Locofoce coali
tion candidate for Congress, would be suffi.
cient Samuel W. Parker, Esq., who was the
Whig nominee, took broad and de:iced ground
in favor of the compromise measures, endors
ing in all things Mr. Fillmore's administration.
—Memphis Eagle .
From the National Intelligencer.
Growth of the United States*
Meters. Galea Sr Seaton .‘—Not many weeks
hare passed since you had the kindness to
five insertion to a notice of mine on De
lass’s Indian Wars of Western V.rginii.
To me that work has, and must life long have,
a heartfelt interest. This year completes a
cycle of seventy years since I—then (1781)
an infant under seven years of age—was
placed on the theatre of De Hass’s work, and
on that partcomprising Western Pennsylvania
and North-western Virgio ; a, Raised to man
hood on that fonder many of the actors 1
knew personally, and I might say all, who e
names are identified with its early history, I
ho.vo had imprinted, deeply stamped on my
memory. From early age to middle life I was
resident in the Great West, from 1781 to
1815—thirty*four years.
Long, however, a'ter the infancy of the
country and writer had passed, and all the
most fearful and repu sive sea ures of frontier
society, had passed *nd had been replaced by
the every day increasing attributes of civilisa
tion, custom retained the term “western,” and
applied it to the regions now eastern.
If we set out from the Atlantic coast on lat.
40 deg. the distance thence to the western
border of the Missouri does not carry us half
way to the Pacific coast though passing over
upwards of 1,100 miles. Dy this process is
revealed the striking fact that the “Western
country” has to be sought fur far remote from
tbe now classic Ohio. Where 7 Let ub see.
A friend of mine has only a few days past
returned from an extensive tour, reaching the
new capital of the Territory of Minnesota,
(St Paul,) situated on the right, or western
bank of the Mississippi river, nine miles be
low Fort Snelling. My friend, with expres
sions of admiration of the now “Great West,”
placed in my hands “Annals of the Minneso
ta Historical Socie'y for the years A. D. 1850
—’sl: St. Paul, D. A. Robertson, printer,
1851,” pp. 184.
At page 54 of the Annals, the geographical
position of this new provincial capital is given
—lat. 44 deg. 52 min. 46 sec , longitude from
London 93 dfg. 4 min. 54 sec. W.; or very
near 16 degrees, or, in time an hoar west of
Washington. No route between these ex
tremes could be formed under 1200 miles.
Yet at St. Paul already exists an enlightened
historical socie'y, preparing and issuing an
nual transactions replete with material, and
that material evincing a public in a high state
of mental improvement and adding evidence
of advancing civilization which admits no de
nial. But let us pause in our views of he
future, and in retrospect scan the past.
There are now lying belore me three works
on “The Great West,” which, taken together,
and contrasted with the annals of Minnesota,
are most admirably adapted to display the ex
tremes in :he history of that immense legion,
and a region of continuous habitable surface,
if we include from ocean to ocean, the most
extensive on the earth.
ft First, “Chronicles of Border Warfare,” by
Alexander S Withers ; Clarksburg, Virginia,
1 vol. 8 vo, 319 pages, 1831.
Second, in order of time, and first in extent
of historical interest, is Hildreth’s “Ohio Val
ley aud the Early Settlement of the Northwest
Territory,” 1 vol. 525 pages.
Third, in order of time, “Early Settlement
and Indian War* of Western Virginia,” by
Willis de Hass, 1 vol 8 vo. 416 pages.
In the three volumes we have before us the
extremes of a revolution unequalled in the
annals of mankind. In every one of the
three we have thrilling incidents omitted in the
others; and, taken together, we have depicted
in colors not to be effaced during life, the
horrors ofsavage warfare, the dangers, deaths,
and hardships attending th > early settlement
of the West.
Turn from these tragic pages, and open tho
Annals of the Minnesota Historical Society,
and the gloom passes away, and Elysian fields
open.
It may be noted that the organized Sta'es
and Territories on the eastern region of the
United States embrace an aggregate area so
near one million two hundred thousand square
miles that this aggregate area may be adopted
without much departure from reality. As
suming the entire domain at three millions of
square miles, leaves yet for the already organ
ized sections and the rpsces unorganized of
the great Western or Pacific region tn area
comprising one million eight hundred thousand
square miles. The actual population of t'le
whole of the United States territory may bo
assumed at 24.000 000, or twenty to ihe square
mile on the Eastern or Atlantic region. A
similar distributive population on the whole
domain, from ocean to ocean, would give a
aggregate of sixty millions—a number which,
on strict mathematical analysis on recorded
data, afforded by ac ual progressive numbers,
will be reached by 1884, or thirty threa years
from the present time, as may bo seen by the
annexed tabular iiateoient.
In Ihe National Intelligencer, No. 9,944,
(1845,) may be found a centennial census
table, calculated by me, extending from 1790
to 1901, founded on the census of 1790 and
constructed on an annual increment of
three per cent, per annum. The population
in 1850, by the census, amounted to 23 260,*
734 ; by my table the population was given at
23,138,004; difference 122,730 excess in
favor of tbe census. Adopting m tabular
numbers at every fifth year to 1885, the popu
la'ion wili stand thus:
1850 - 23,138,004
1855 26 823.V85
1860 31,095 533
1865 3 i,038,231
1870 '•••49,617,708
1975 47,087,052
1880 54,586,795
1835 63,291,353
Tbe sixty millions alluded to above, allow
ing the increment of three per cent., will, we
see, be reached as already stated; and then,
with not one cause of decrement on the move
ment and ratio of iacrease, if take iat three
per cent, per annum, duplicates in about twen
ty four years; therefore, if no serious distur
bance be allowed to interfere with the order
of things, the aggregate population of the
United Stales at the close of the current cen
tury must exceed 100,000,000.
William Darby.
A Mistake.— A Rome correspondent of
the Federal Union, states that Judge W. (we
suppose he alludes to Judge Wright) will not
support Mr. Cobb, if he denies the right of
secession. Now we have very good authority
for saving that lodge Wright wil support both
Mr. Cobb and Col. Chastain. The same wri
ter claims Judge H. (Hooper) as a fire-eater.
Now we happen to know that this gentlemaa
is also fully ideoiified with the Constitutional
Union Party, and will go with ns heart and
hand in the approaching election. We would
say to the Federal Union, that fire-eaters in
this region sre becoming very scarce, and
beautifully less, as the first of October ap
proaches, although its correspondent seems to
question the accuracy of our statament. —
Home Courier.
The manufacture of Beet root Sagar in
France ia t x ending itself very rapidly. Thirty
new factories, gotten up upon a very large
scale, are enumerated as going into operatisa
from the firstrf next month. They are loca
ted with but two exceptions, in the north of
France. The whole number of man ii facto lies
now in operation in France is 304, and their
production in sugar during the season of the
present year is sat down at 73 817,067 kilo
grammes—or about 150 millions of pounds.
The August number of the Southern Calti
vator is a credit to its publishers, and to South
ern enterprise. The Cultivator is a journal
that should be taken by every Southerner who
plants any thing from ootto nto oabbages, and if ,
one number is not so good as another, let him i
look with oonfidenoe lor a fiist rate one next I
time. Published by W. 8. Jones, Augusta
Geo., for one dollar a year in advance. Ala.
"Mg- ,
Chronicle and Sentinel.
SAMUEL BARNETT, Associate Editor*
AUGUSTA, Gr
SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST SO.
Constitutional Union Nomination*
FOR GOVERNOR.
HON- HOWELL COBB
CONGRESS.
for Representative from 8 tit District *
HON. ROBERT TOOMBS.
Tennessee Election.— The Chat’anooga
papers admit the eiec'ion of Chorchwell,
democrat, over Anderson, whig, to Congress,
in the Knoxville district, by 14 votes. The pre
vious report gave the election to Anderson.
The delegation stands just as it did in the last
Congress. The Knoxville and Nashville dis
tricts having both changed their representa
tives.
Isham Thompson, G. F. Parish, Wm. H.
Pritchard and Henry R. Philpot, have been
appointed delegates from the first ward, to the
County Convention to nominate candidates for
the Legislature.
At a meeting of the citizens of the 119th
District, the following gentlemen were selected
as Delegatee to represent said District in the
Convention to nominate candidates of the
Constitutional Union Party, for Representa
tives in the next Legislature for the County of
Richmond. Wm. P. Beall, Thomas Skin neb,
Wm. M. Wiilliams, and Seaborn Skinner.
For the Chronicle Sr Sentinel.
NO. V.
« The Old Paths The Good Way’—Mr.
Jefferson’s Essential Principles of Govern
ment—Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions —
Sovereignty — Secession .
In the Federal Union of April, 1 published
a number commencing with these words:
Stand ye in the ways and see, and ask for the
old paths, where is the gotd way, an 1 walk therein,
and ye shall find rest.”
“ These are alike .he words of inspiration and of
common sense ; God grant I may not have cause to
add with the Prophet— 1 But they said, we will not
walk therein 1’
“ I intend, in a series of short numbers, to present
to the contideiation of my fellow-eitizens, some mat
ters of the utmost importance, trusting that they will
give to them a dispassionate consideration.”
My Ist, 2d and 3d numbers, which were longer than
i had intended, contained references to the Kentucky
resolutions, the Virginia resolutions, and Mr. Jeffer
son’s inaugural, with quotations from them. My 4th
number, intended for publication before the assem
blage in Milledgeville, and still longer than the oth
ers, in order to get as many of mv views and author
ities before the nominating Convention a r practicable,
was accompanied by the following note:
“ Constant reference is made in political disquisi
tions, to the opinions of Mr. Jefferson. 1 profess to
bold those opinions. Some understand them differ
ently from myself. To show that I hold his doc
trines, 1 quote bis words in support of my opinions.
Am 1 to have an opportunity f presenting Mr* Jeffer
son’s doctrines in tba words of himself and his com
patriots, accompanied by views honestly entertained
myself and others 7 If I am, (as 1 think I im,)
please publish my numbers with as much prompti
tude as may comport with propriety and conveni
ence.”
Publishing my 4;h number, the Federal Union
sai 1:
11 We have admitted in our columns the article of
our correspondent 1 Inquirer,’ from respect to its au
thor, and not from any admiration of hit production.
Our space is too precious to be occupied, at such a
period as this, by such protracted disquisitions, on
any such subject, and east of all, by n repetition of
the loose and disjoint.'d views of Mr. Jefferson on the
rijbt of secession, wb n those views are fully and
deliberately presented in the Virginia and Kentucky
resolutions, one set of which emanated from bis own
pen, and the other ii known to hare received bis
cordial approbation/'’
Now, if there is one single word in the Kentucky
and Virginia resolutions, on the subject of secession
Ido not recollect it; if there were, it would be easy
to produce it. On the contrary, the Ksntucry reso
lutions declare “ nullification ,” not secession, to be
the "rightful,” not tbe constitutional remedy.
But the views of Mr. /efferson, as given in his cor
respondence extending through a considerable period,
are considered *'• loose and disjointed.” This is an
unfortunate phrase in reference to the writings of a
man who never wrote carelessly; and between whose
opinions, extending through a tong series of years
there is a remarkable degree of consistency.
If, however, we are to look for the opinions of Mr.
Jefferson. “ fully and deliberately presented,” sure
ly we shall find them in his inaugurals and mes
sages. From his first inaugural, t ßritten two or
three years afler he wrote the resolutions for Ken
tucky, and approved the Virginia recdutions, I find
the lollowing among what he deemed “the essen
tial principles of our government,” to wil:
“The support of the State governments in all their
rights, as the me it competent administrations for our
domestic concerns, and the Burest bulwarks against
an'i-republican tendencies!
“ The preservation of tbe General Government in
its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet-anchor of
ojr peace at home, and safety abroad:
“ A jealous cure of the right of election by the
people, a mild and safe corrective of abuses which
are lopped by the swor.t of revolution where peacea
ble remedies are unprovided:
“ Absolute acquiescence in tbe decisions of the ma
jority, the vital principle of republics, from whieh
there is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and
immediate parent cf despotism.’ 9
If there is any thing in these principles to counte
nance the doctrines of nullification and secession, os
understood xn Carolina; nay, if these doctrines are
not excluded by these principles; then do 1 eot un
derstand the terms employed by Mr. Jefferson.
But even the Kentucky resolutions, which have
been so often in eunderstood to countenance the dis
organizing doctrines of the times—the Kentucky
resolutions afford them no support. The first resolu
tion declared, among other things, “that by com-
C, wT U °^j r^ e B ‘y' e and ‘“l® of a constitution for
the United States, and of amendments thereto, they
constituted a General Government for special pur
posse; delegated to that government certain definite
powers reserving each State to itself, tbs residuary
mass of right to their own self government,” dr c.
• Now ,i do ? 8 the 1 right to se'f-government *
traort 7 Why. it imports sovereignly and sover
eignty imports the right of self-government. Do the
Kentucky resolutions claim for the Stat>a the entire
mass of right to their own self-government-fho en
tire sovereignty 7 No; they claim tha “residuary
mass -the portion left after a large portion has been
transferred to the United States. The truth is tbe
sovereign power* have been divided between the
f™fh. and r he Uoi °“'- HenC °> Mr. Jefferson consid
ers the portion remaining with the States as a resid
uary mass There is nothing in the Virginia re
lations which conflicts with this view i indeed in
the report on tbe Virginia resolutions, Mr. Madison
who wrote the resolutions, expressly call. th.
•»«■* ‘he Ste.es a “ rJid^rysoretlmv”
r * ■
r .k W, j at l^ 8 boHo,n of Ihe disorganizing doctrines
UlLfS',” ld “ ,f undfi.iJS. u~
« IM- «•»»« b. M.b i
!h« u.V J**°| doct ' in r > ““not be sustained ; and if <
* ‘ T* 1 lh,B ’ ‘hen am I unable to under- I
etend the terms they need in expreaeing their opin. I
t
I apprehend tßi. > wßuh
when, as I think feathered (Tom (Better ol hie Sec*
retary of War to the Governor of Georgia, he admit
ted that the States are absolutely sovereign in the ex
ercise of the reserved powers, but not beyond that
limit.
Whether the right to secede, as understood in
Carolina, is eraeng the reserved powers, will depend
on the inquiry whether the States, as bodies politic,
or as moral persons, bad ihe right, when they adopt
ed the Constitution, to disregard compacts, cbliga
tionsand laws 7
But more of this at another time. INQUIRE a.
Child Crying a Malady
—Uniformly occasioned by neglect of parental
control and discipline—more or less conta
gious in infected districts, but may he cured, by
a rigid adherence to the recipe. The patient
should b» approached very leisurely, with much
gravity of countenance, laid atroas the lap ,
and made sensible, by a eool lengthened ex
planation, of the alarming ailmeet. then with the
mother’s shoe-sole very deliberately applied to
the eeat, with calm-fire, until the paroxysms
co se. Ordinarily three lessons will suffice;
chronic cases, require a continuance of tho
“horehooud ” — Exchange Paper.
Arrival of the Broth er Jonathan*
New York August 20, 9 A. M.—Tho
Brother Jonathan arrived at an early hour this
morning, bringing 400 passengers, an * Cha
gres dates to the 9ih, and Kingston to the 12. h
instant.
The Falcon was at Chsgres waiting for the
mails. The Ohio arrived on the 4th in a disa
bled condition.
Tbe Northerner arrived at Panama on the
sth, with the California mills to July the 15th
—she brought $2,000 000 in gold dust.
The steamer Union with 300 passenger a
and S3OO 009 in gold, was wrecked in St.
Quinan’s Bay on July stb, but all on board
were saved.
The cholera was fast disappearing from Ja
maica.
The steamer Commodore Stockton left Pa
nama in July for San Francisco, but returned
on the 2d of August in a leaky condition.
While lying at Tobago awaiting repairs, the
steerage passengers mutinied and took pos
session of the vessel, demanding back their
passage money. The Captain appealed to the
American Consul for protection.
The Brother Jonathan brought ro specie or
freignt. Shebiings Kingston papers to the
11th inst The news possesses very little gen
eral interest.
The British barque Cyclops was lost on
Rom.n Beach, near Roman River, on the
26th of June, during her passage from Jamaica
to Truxillo. Two lives were lost.
On the Ist of August, the anniversary of
British West India Emancipation was duly
celebrated.
The cholera had prevailed to a considerable
extent on the North side of the Island, but
was rapidly disappearing.
At Savamth la mar the number of deaths to
July 26th was 336, and the total number of
deaths in Spanish town was 600. The small
pox had broken out at Paris, Trelanny.
From Barbadoes there was no news of in
terest. The Assembly had passed a law estab
lishing inland mails. The weather had been
stormy.
The Editor of tha Grenada Free Press had
been severely reprimanded by tbe Assembly
for his too free criticism upon their proceed
ings. Sir B. Hamilton, Lieut. Governor, had
been nominated by the Queen to succeed Sir
W. Colebrook in the Island daring the ab
sence of the G.»v Ganeral.
Massachusetts Democratic State Conven
tion.
Worcester, Aug 20—11 A. M.
The convention is now going into the hall.
There is a large at endance.
Those iu favor of a coalition with the fee
•oilers met at the city hall, and those opposed
at the Worcester House, in secret caucus,
las! evening.
The convention assembled at the To vn
Hall, at eleven o’clock. It was very large and
spirited, every portion of the state being »ully
represented. It was called to order by Edw
Cornwright, of Charlestown, chairman of the
state committee. Mr. Cocke, of Lenor,
moved that the convention temporarily organ
ize, by the eleotiou of Isaac Davis, of Wor
cester as chairman, pro tern.; which was oar
ried without dissen . S. B. Phi.tuey, of Barn
stable, was elected eecreta*y pro tem. Mr.
Cooke also moved that a committee bo ap
pointed to selact officers!.
Mr. Butler, of Lowell, opposed this as auti-
Oeuaocratic, and moved an amendment that
(he convention proceed immediately to the
choice oft president, by ballot, which was
adopted almost unanimously.
A cominitee was appointed to receive the
credentials of delegates, and also t > report a
list of their names and number.
Geo. Cushing said that this was a larger Dem
ocratic Convention than had before assembled.
It indicated the solicitude which the party take
in the crisis of affairs. It is impossible,
he continued, for us to close our eyes to the
fact that there exists iu the state grave differ
ence of opinion as to the position which Mas
sachusetts shall hold to the nation it ia hoped
that we shall agree on an expression of opin
ion.
ifuch a result can only be obtained by a res
olution presented by the organized agents ap
pointed by the body and not by individuals.
He desired, therefore, to propose to the eon
ventionthat a committee of six be appointed
bv the cha*r to prepare resolutions to be sub
mitted to the convention three for each of the
opposing sections. The resolutions to ex
press the opinion ofthe convention on nation
al questions and the nomination end inst'uo
tion of delegates to tho Baltimore convention.
The speaker inquired what Mr. Cushman
meant bv differences of opinion among demo
crats. Mr. Winter, of Gloucester, hoped that
state affairs would bo considered by the com
mittee as well as national. For his part he
was not prepared to support Mr. Webster and
the fugitive law. He bad heard enough of
national Democrats. Mr. Hallett said that it
would depend upon the nature ol the report
of the committee on revolutions, whether there
wou'd be one or two conventions to day. He
therefore moved that the hallo ing for presi
dent be susptn led until the report ofihatcom
mittee was received.
Mr. Butler opposed Mr. Hallett’s amend
ment. The gentleman spoke, he said, of the
possibility of two conventions to-day. He
would as soon think of two suns in the heav
ens Either candidate voted for for president
to-day, he believed to be a true Democrat. He
meant to be bound by the action ofthe con
vention; he did not come here with any in
tention of bolting—if his peouiiar views were
not carried out* The motion he believed,
was made in a spirit of compromise.
Mr. Hood, ol Lynn, seoonded the motion of
Mr. Cushing, with much pleasure. “Har
mony, union and concession,” should ba their
motto The limea were auapicioua, and he
hoped that resolutions would be reported
such as all could agree upon. He bad been
to Democratic conventions for twenty years
and never saw so large a body gathered tol
gether in convention. He moved to amend
by enlarging tbe committee, and also that the
oomm ttee oonsider state affairs as well as
nat onal.
Mr. Halieit said tha question was whether
we were national Democrats or not. He
n«t ß iT y f ° r ,tat 9 He would
t ft»£°°i ne * *? 10 ,h ® convention uu il he
nVJLZ, ,hey wera toiag. They were
a national convention here to-day to instruct
oar national delegates aa to their course. If
they could not act together in the matter let
thnm suffer with kindness. He hoped, with a
▼ww of attempting a conciliation, that tha
> edmtnittd&WuQ report Mpon national affairs
oBTV. \
Mr. Usher moved that thtcommittee on the
vote for President be allovrei to report now.
Mr. Winter, of wobld like to
inquire how Inrg Mr. Hal\tt hid been a
member of the Democratic Cosh,
ing accepted Mr. Hood’s amendment to in
clude state affairs in the report of the commit
tee The committee on resolutions was ap
pointed by the chair, as follows:—Mr. Hallett,
of Boston; Mr.Knowlton,of Worcester; Mr.
Lo d, of Salem; Mr. Butler, of Lowell; Mr.
Childs, of Pittsfield, and Mr. Branning, of
Monterey ;—three “ol ■ liners” and three
"coalitionists.” The co mittee on credentials
was appointed by the chair.
After considerable trouble in reference to
double delegations, the committee on the elec
tion of president, reported as follows—whole
No. 1081, necessary to a choice 542, M. P.
Barks, Jr., coalitionist, had 682 Henry Crock
er, ‘‘old liner,” 380, Mr. Beard, of Lowell,
16, Caleb Cushing, 1; blanks 2. Mr Banks,
upon taking the chair, addressed the conven
tion* He congratulated the De.nicruts of
Maas, upon such an assembly. VVhe.her they
were to go forth from this assembly to victory
or defeat, such a day was to bo regarded and
remembered. The experience of half a cen
tury has satisfied a majority of the people with
that chart of liberty handed down to us by Jes.
ferson, and with the doctrine of the Democratic
party as carried out by him and bis republican
successors.
A debate sprang up on the manner of elect
ing a state committee, Mr. Josaytin, of Lyon,
moved a committee to report names. Mr.
Usher, of Medford, moved that 6ach defega
tioo select one and report to the convention
the names of members of this co mittee on
the votes of their representation in the Senate.
Mr. Williams, of Worcester, thought that the
state committee should be based on the Demo
cratic vote. By Mr. Usher’s motion he said,
Suffolk, which throws only about 2,000 votes,
I would have as many members as co inties
throwing a much larger vote
He therefore submitted a resolution to give
each county a representation on the basis of
one member for each one thousand votes. By
this, Suffolk would have only three members
of the state committee. The whole matter
1 was referra lto a committee for consideration.
' In the appointment of this committee some
trouble arose as to the double delegation from
' Lynn.
Mr Usher of Medford, moved that the name
ofJosselyn, of Lynn, be taken fram the Com
-1 mittee. Mr. Hood of Lyna, protested against
a regular y elected member from Lynn, the
only democratic city in the State, being pro
scribed after this fash.on, It was voted to' re
tain Mr. Josselyn
1 The convention then adjourned till half past
. 2 o’clock.
It is understood here that through the efforts
of General Cushing on the one side, and the
labors of the coalition on the other, resolutions
will probably ba reported likely to unite the
[ convention. The coalitionists have evidently
the majority. There are double delegations
from a dozen towns.
I The Charleston Standard has come out
against Mr. Cobb’s letter of course! That is
all righ . Mr. Cobb is not for seces-ioti, on
either of the Caro’iua grounds. The Standard
1 is working for secession, as soon as it can get
Georgia into th business. With this view
‘ therefore ft supports McDonald.— Sav. Rep.
Railroad Felkoraphs. —An American
traveller now in Europe, mentions a railroad
telegraph in one of his letters from Austria.
When a train starts from a station, a telegraph
announces the fact to every other station along
'he tine, so that the conductors and engineers
may know where all the trains were at a given
time—and thereby prevent collisions and de
lay. An excellent plan, and worthy of adop
tion in this country.
Vourtb Ward. The Constitutional Union
Party of tha Fourth Ward, ara requested to meet at
thu Richmond Hotel, on TUESDAY EVENI NG
next, the 26th inat., at half-past 7 o’clock, for the
purpose of appointing delegatee to represent them in
the approaching County Convention. au2f-2
JO* Notice.— The Rev. William L. Hughs
will preach in the Greenf-3i. Presbyterian Church
TO-MORROW MORNING at the usual hour, and
at hslf-past 7 o’clock in the Evening. au23
O'Subscribers to the New POEM, by D. L.
Roath, will please call at the Bookstore of «J. A.
CARRIE <*. GO,, and get their copies. au22-l
O’ Railroad Celebration.—The opening of
the Tennessee and Georgia Kaihoad to the Hi waesee
River, will be celebrated at Charleston, Tenn , the
present terminus ot the Road, tn FRIDAY, sth of
SEPTEMBER. A splendid Barbee te will be given,
to which the people of the four States of Sooth
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee are in
vited.
* u! * 2 Thk Oom mittee or Invitation.
O' Notioc.— The Richmond Camp Meeting will
commence on FRIDAY, 23th inst., and the under
signed takes this opportunity to inform the public
that he will open a Tent for the accommodation of
Gentlemen and Ladies wishing to attend the Meet
ing. Peraocs wishing to spend a few days at tha
Csrap Ground, will find tho Tent ready for their re
ception on FRIDAY, 2‘Jth inst. Chirges— £1 25
per day ; single meal 50 cant*. It will be further
expected of gentlemen stopping at the Public Tent
to reap good order. A public lot wilt be kept for
horgvs. au22-d3Awl J. E. BURCH.
CIIAHI.HS UtidUPP,
PORTRAIT AND MINIATURE
PAINTER,
Room, No. 6, Matonic Hall.
ggH HAVING located in Augusta, with the
Y purpose of pursuing his profession, will bo
:'t° t r k BCeiTe ,he C " la ° f who may favor
Dim with their pttronaee. au2l
J3T Tbe Constitutional Union Party of
the 17 9th D.j. sot, are requested to meet at Bel -Air
on SATURL’A Y, 23d inst., to elect delegates to tbe
ounty Convention, at which time and place, a free
Barbeoue will be provide I. u2l
O' George J. Howard is my authorieed
teat ,£X'“ 01 *“ -r
*“ 2 ‘ WM. H. HQW.Hn
HATS, HATS, HATS.
STYLE FOR 1851.
A sST HATS?. *T " ft
nat J. TAYLDR. Jr £
p.u ■£.», ,860.
CHEAP MfLLICfBR T.
to divpoee of my present
GfZ Mihinory and fancy goods before
reduced wiees h * °ff«r them at very
Sdr
«*>» Ml». Toil.. Powders,
Depil.™; Po!S; r to 1 'Sairdye,
Cwl,, &£ £ShSJ-»“'—
_.06 Im Ml RO.nni.tm.
married
O' Oharlesuw papers plsase copy.