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CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
BY WILLIAM S. JONES,
DAILTi T* ‘-WEEK Y \ AEKLY•
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the development op the
PRACTICAL, IN SUBORDINATION 1 O
TEE SPIRITUAL; THE TRUE END
OF ACADEMICAL EDUCATION.
Xhs Saaond Baccalaureate Address to
the Graduate! of Burlington College; in St.
Mary's church, Bu r lington, St. Michael and
all Angela, MDCCCLI,by the Risfht Rev.
George Washington Doane , D. D. LL. D.,
Bishop of the Diocese and President of the
College.
Two prejudices prevail, which greatly hinder
the just estimate of Academic Education, 'i hat
it is not practical; and, that it involves the risk
of virtue. I set myself against them both. I
deny that they are at all inherent in the case.
Tna development or the Practical, in
SUBORDINATION TO THE SPIRITUAL, IS TIIK THUS
idea cr Academic Education. 1 do no: say,
that the Practical has not been overlooked, in
many systems; which have claimed the name.
I do not say that morals have not often been
corrupted, and many souls been lost ; in places,
where its name is set. But, I maintain that it
has been, from the abuse; not from the use.
I maintain that in every real place of education,
In every grove that does not prostitute the, well
nigh sacred,|name, of Academus, the Practical
must be developed ; and must be subordinated
to the Spiritual.
I. Thb Practical must be developed.
Man was was created, forit. Was he not made,
in His image, of whom the Son hath said, in
these sublimest words, “My Father worketh,
hitherto ?” Was he not put in that fair garden
to dress it, and to keep it 1 And when the curse
had fallen on the race for sin, was it not prefaced
with these words, ■ In the sweat of thy face, thou
shall eat bread 7“ Man was created ior (he
Practical. And that cannot be his true training
by which tne Practical is not developed. It
piled the Pyramids. It built the Coliseum. It
found the Apollo BelviJere, in that rough rock
of Parian marble. It created Hamlet, Ariel,
Cordelia. 1 here is nothing that it has not done.
There is nothing that it cannot do.
The Pract-cal mutt be developed. Man was
not made for sloth and inactivity, for ease and
luxury, however harmless, or however tlsgant,
Look at his hands, adapted equally to wield the
pencil; to guide the plough ; to hold the helm,
when storms bring down the skies. Look at his
chest that swells to meet the shock of battle ; or
to burst oppression’s yoke. Look at his eye, to
flash (he fires of genius; or to frown the tyrant
from his throne. Look at his brow, the dome
of loftiest thoughts, of tenderest imaginings, of
deepest, most indomitable, determinations. Is
there an element, that the Practical, in man, has
not made subject 1 Enthralled the air, to waft
his ships. Harnessed the steam to drag his cars.
And tamed the lightning, to convey his messa
ges.
The Practical must be deve’eped It cannot
be, by any training of the hands It cannot be,
through any mere material influences or agents.
When Franklin brought the flash down from the
cloud, was it the kite and cord and key, that did
it? When Davy went down with burning lamp
into the firedamp of the Cornish mines, and
made that “dreadful trade” secure, was it the
virtue of that woven web of wire 7 And when
Daguerre had dipped his pencil in the sun, and
made the light paint its own pictures with a
flash, was it the burnished plate that won the
triumph 1 The Practical is inward andinvisible
Newton’s sagacious forecast of the laws of
gravity, needed the falling app e, only, for an
illuatration. The teeming brain of Watt found
in the simmering kittle by the fire, but the occa
sion of the triumph that has w ell nigh banish'd
war from from **u the earth. And ‘‘the world
•uUniQenMul 1 had first Cleared in his OWII
"it tmfe
c*rton ft* ftidden
power and disentangles it, and gives U lrecdom ;
and the slectric spark, that it hue waked, shall
flash, from pole to pole 5 astonish earth ; and
flood the heavens with light. What it achieved,
in Galileo I What it dared, in Milton I What
it did, in Shakespeare I “ Exhausted worlds j
and then, imagined new.”
The education by which the Practical, in man,
may be developed, must be thorough, must be
compleie, must be liberal.
1 It must be thorough. It must begin from
the beeinning. It must lay foundations. It
uiust buiM upon iho>p The Lord hath told us
what a house would be upon ihe sand, it could
fare no better with the education that neglects
the fundamentals. There can be 110 solidi y, no
certainty, no safety, no security. As if one
leaned upon a broken feed, or stepped upon a
dislocated foot, it ia the great defect of educa
tion, that it is not thorough The elements arc
not secured. The results can nevor bo
tory. Men will not give the time They do not
know that it would be time economized. Bo
sides, with whatever use of time in after stages,
the laaue must be insecure and unsatisfactory.
A slf one should build a pyramid on pilcß. To
have the work to do again the next half century.
As when our ships of war have boon con
etructed of green timber, and been broken up,
within a dozen years. Time taken lit the begin
ning, ia time aaved in th« end. 60 but so far.
But go so far with certainly. A year devoted to
the elements, will be seven years secured to the
results. Would you avoid dally mortification,
would you avoid habitual self distrust, wcptM
you avoid continual disappointment-** <gipeal
with perfect oonfidencoto those me, whose
aad experience I describe—deep and strong
the elementary founders in the work of edu
cation. No matter if you never rise above the
surface of the ground. What is done, has been
dona. Done, to stand. Do,ne, to stand upon.
Vou may build upon it hereafter, it may be.
« been done, you have. As
With the Cynlopxja.il builders. The stones Were
rough. wee rude. But they "Were
well laid. And their tnugniiiceqpci.
retrains, and will, whklo anything pf man’s (e*.
ot e ‘*”P?ere. Who- eould make
*7.. h 7° ( »'•» arch 1 Or, of three quar
tenths 1 Would it bear any
»rc.h*V r.y o it stand alone*? Would it bean
* -‘W mind is various In its powers. The
“ . |a diverse in his facilities. Their true
aevelopement is thetr perfect equilibrium. Only
ao do they sustain and strengthen one another
Only ao they disnlay the heauty of (heir juat
proportions. There never was a greater sham
than what ia called, "a partial course” in educa
tion. As if a torao weio a statue. An If two legs
ar.d half an arm would make a man. That was
a good old figure which our fathers used-the
Cyclopedia—tho circle of eclencee. Could any
one take pleaeure in a oeml-circlo 1 Or in any
segment 1 And what can satisfy the mind like
the full rounded orb, the only perfect figure?
The tastes the memory; the judgment; tho
fancy ; the imagination , the reasoning powers,
these and still more than these, combine to make
the man. And to educate part of them, and not
the rest, ia to produco a monster. There have
been striking things accomplished so, no doubt.
As men, with double joints, do feats of stronglh.
And poiraiie have been painted with the mouth
or with the feet. But these are rare exceptions.
They are anomalous and monstrous. They may
surprise, but cannot satisfy. They ate deficient
in tne elements of value. In harmony. I:t nat
uralness. And in (availability. They aet no
precedent And they supply no pattern. They
are for avoidance) not lor imitation. They
tempt displeasure. They suggest disgust. The
real education educates the man in all his facul
ties and powers* Develops him properUonnbly.
And makes its Issue practical and permanent.
It never might attempt a flying tnachino, or a
perpetual motion, it hae accomplished a teles
cop , a steam machine, a power arose. It
might not find admisaion, with tho Malachite
and Porphyry, which Russia sent to the great
London exhibition. But if the broadest field
were to be reaped, wlhin the briefest time; or
if the empire of the seas were to be succcs
fully contested, it would be heard from, and
the world would f el it.
3, And finally it must be liberal. Man is not
all material. He has a mouth, not only, but a
mind. There are higher pleasures than the
sense can measure. There are satisfactions be
yond the appetite. The creations of the pencil;
the witcheries of music; the raptures ol poetry,
these charm the fancy, enthral the feelings, lap
the spirit in Elysium. They vindicate the im.
material in man, and indicate the immortal-
They open a new world with richer spoils than
that which Christopher Columbus gave to Le
on and Castile, the world of imagination.
They find an El Dorado such as Cortez never
dreamed of. They wing their way up to “the
highest heaven of invention*’ 1 They bring
down, and set among our ho Behold gods the
immortal forms of Homer. Plato, Pinaar, jEs
c! ylus, of Spenser, Shakspoare, Dante, Milton,
Schiller, Woodworth. These the true masters
of mankind. The Poets, that is to say, the
Makers, among men. Pre eminent in Poetry
and, so pre-ininently practical.
11. And to complete the true idea of educa
tion, the utmost triumphs of the Pkictial mu6t
be subordinated to the Spiritual. All that
is practical must perieh. Homer might not
have been. Shakspearo might be forgotten.
The soul which God breathed into the clay,
which He had moulded into human form, and
which the Son of God took human from, that
he might re Jecm, regenerate and reinstate it in
its primary glory, must still exist; might still ex
ult in the delight of conscious virtue ; might
imp its pinions for the for the flight, which is to
bear it to the bosom of its God. “For which
cause,” in tho fervent languigo of the rapt
Apostle, “wefaint not; but though our outward
man perish, ye: the inward mania renewed day
by day. For our light affliction, which is but
fora momant, worketh us a far more exceeding
and eternal weight of glory, while we look not
at tho things which are seen ; for the things
which are seen are temporal, but the things which
are not seen are eternal.” 2 Corinhians, iv. 16-18
Beloved children who are to leave my hearth
and heart to day, in the five years that have, now
flitted by us like the shadows on the mountain,
it has been “my heart’s desire,and prayer to God”
to realize in you that which I have thus shad
owed, rather than have sketched of the true idea
of education. It is for you to prove, in the rough
world in which you now must enter, how far the
Practical has been developed in you* The Judg
ment day will show how far the Practical has
been subord.nated in you* If you have justified
ourends and aims in your behalf, you will go
forth as men. And, if our prayers for you are
answered, you will be accepted at the last, through
the dear purchase of the Cross, as men or Je
sus Christ
Go forth, I bid you, in the name of Gqd, as
Men. As men, to dare. As men, to do. As
men, to bear. Men, for society. Men, for your
country. Men,for the Church. So shall you
stand, at last, before the world of men and an
gels as men of Jesus Christ.
i. Go forth, as men, to dare Ours is a stir
ring age. The Crusades did but crawl in the
compatison. No age has won such triumphs.
By no ago such trophies been set up. The plot
of the great drama of our nature, thickens as it
runs. It hastens t > the consummation. Years
do the work of ages. And the hou v tl iss meas
ures days. See how tho tides of commerce set,
swell, and surge from shore to shore. See how
the lightning fl ish of science flames the sky from
po eto pole. See how the nations of the world
are rushing intomntual incorporation with each
other ; with a speed which steam now fails to
satisfy. See how the virgin West, bares her full
bosorn,like the Roman daughter, to refresh and
reinvigorate the worn and wasted East. It is an
age of enterprise ; intense, indomitable, ut in
termitting. And you that are to mix in it, must
mix in it as men, that dare That dare to trust
youreelvrs like Cassius, accoutered as you are,
to its tremendous toirent. And if the will of
God be so, turn to the cataract; and
“buffet it,
With lusty sinews; throwing i' aside,
And stemming it with hearts of controversy”
ii Go forth as men to do. The hive of human
nature has cast out its drones. The air 13 vocal
with the hum of action, like a eiover field in
June The time has come, of wh.ch the proph
ets spake : “Manv shall run to and fro; and
knowledge shall be increased.” You cannot
stand sill, if you would They that do nothing,
shall be swepi away ; 1 ko the dry branches when
the equinox is up. You may select your work,
but work you must. Agriculture. Commerce.
Manufactures. Letters.' Science. The healing
art. with its continual charities. The noble
AS* 1 , iji 1, V/">.• * ■ *sfi, S • -i ! a i iJfStfdY i n'c Mis
sionary cross Choosp as Cod's providence de
termines you. And in His strength, go forth to
do ; as in His cyo, upon His world, and with li* B
heaven upon you nearer than the sky.
iii. And go forth as men to bear. There is
nocr wn without a croES. The badge of our
humanity is suffering. It wi'l encounter you
sometime, somewhere, somehow. Be uot afraid
to meet it. Be not averee to bear It. It is the
trial of your spirit. The Damascus blade that
cleaves tho iron helmet, has been thrust, red
not among theicei That “eld unwedgable, and
gnarled onk,” was hardened bv the tempests of
a thousand winters The willow that stands
bending to the breea.', will do for baskets; but
has no plsco in a ship. “Vincit qui patitur.”
Only by sufimng can we conquer. The blood
iest Cro*gachieves the brightest crown
iv. Men for Society Be foremost in all acts
and influences for good. Live ever by the Law
jof Love. Make ihe wide world your neighbor
hood. Hold every man your brother, that your
heart can comfort, or your hand can help. Be
everywhere (he good Samaritans among your
kind, for sufferers and sinners. And in the utter
and unpitying sacrifice of self, follow His foot
steps and reflect His beauty, and attain Ilia
blessing, “Who went about doing good.”
v. Men, for your country* Not men of any
party. Not, men, exclusively, of any State.
Men of the whole Republic. Men of the Con-
Men of this Union, now and forever,
one and indivisible. No fierce fanaticism of pri
vate prejudice. No idle phantom of a “higher
law; ” w'-ich, Hkc the wildfire of the bog, iB
Mjevor found, and never felt. No reckless dis
regard of national obligations, here ; or social
righto, and social claims, abroad. But, that
pure patriotism, which concentrates, on country,
the love of human kind not to love these, the
les», because it must love that, the more ; but,
that the focal hxat, which it enkindles, on the
hearth of homo, and feeds, end fans, and cher
ishes, may sh.edlts cheering light and soothing
warmth,o» aH the world ; and draw the nations,
to euch other, in one brotherhood ol love.
vk Ml tn, of the G hurch of Jesus Christ, pur
chased with His blood i and to be guarded, if
be, In its pure faith and holy worship, by
tho shedding es you.r own. The Church, which
the Apostles planted Tho Church, for which
the martyrs suffered. The Church, in which
your fathers worshipped. The Church, in which
your infancy was cradled. Tho Church, in
which your vows of inanhoud have been paid.
The Church, in which your tottering age may
find its earthly rest; and wait, in it, for Heaven.
The Church, whoso sacred dust shall consecrate
our dust; and, in whose blessed shadow, we
shall hope to wnko, upon the Resurrection
morning,and, through the purchase of the Cross,
and cleansing of its blood, stand up, the men of
Jesus Christ.
" Tho King a scat ha h, there prepared,
“High on eternal, base upicared,
“ For tlis eternal Son .
“His palaces with joy abound;
“ His saints, * y Him, with glory crown’d,
“ Attend and share His throne.
“ Mother of cities l O’er ihy head,
“ Bright Peace, with healin'wings outspred,
“ Forevermore Bhall dweli;
“Lot me. blest scat, my name behold,
“ Among thy citizens enroll’d,
“And bid the world, Farewell I”
Census of Pennsylvania.
Dwelling houses in the State; 336,216
Families in the Siste, 468,197
White Males 1,142,8G3
White Females, .•••*1,115,606
— — 2,258,463
Free color«d Miles-•• • 2i,057
Coloroj Femalos, 28 266
Total population-• 2,311,786
Becbi dm in/ the year, 28 318
Far rain cultivation, 127,577
Manufacturing euablishmont inducing
annually 9500 auJ upwards,-** • •*•••« 22,036
Chronicle an ft Sentinel.
AUGUSTA, GA -
SUNDAY MORNING, NOV. 16.
‘ Col. Whiteside has been appointed by the Ten
nessee Legislature to visi: the Georgia Legislature,
to settle difficulties between soma et cur citizens and
the State Hoad.*’ — Chattanooga Gazette.
This we suppose to have reference to the
damage sustained by citizens of Tennessee, in
the delays in the transportation of th6ir
produce and merchandise over the State road,
whereby it was materially damaged, and in
many instances, perishable articles, entirely
destroyed ; much, if not all of which, grew out
of >ha miserable management of the road by
Gov. Towaa’ distinguished Chief Engineer,
who has discharged the duties of his station so
much to the satisfaction of the Governor.
This is one of the consequences, and alirist
an invariable consequence, of committing the
road to the management of a man who was
totally ignorant of the daties required of him,
and who did not devote sufficient attention
to his business to (take himself famil
hr with either what was required of him or
the wants of the pubic. And we doubt not,
when the State has examined into the matter,
and footed the bills for lost and damaged cot
ton, and produce and merchandise lost and de
stroyed by his alter incapacity to manago the
business of the road, that it would have been
much better for the interests of the State and
the public, if a competent Engineer had been
engaged at a salary of SIO,OOO a year, than to
have Mr. Mitchell's services for nothing.
We sinoerety hope that Gov. Cob* may pro*
fit by the gross blunders of hie predecessor, and
appoint a thorough, practioal Engineer, a man
who has had experience in the construction
and management of roads, and give to him the
exclusive control of the road. Let him make
his own appointments of all his officers and as*
sistauts, an! then ho Id him strictly accountable
for tbe prompt and faithful discharge of all bis
duties, both to the State and the public. Such
aceursa, will secure the good management of
the road and the prompt transportation of all
freights, while it will relieve us from the humili
ating reflection of having Agents sent from
other States to our own ,to have justice done
them in the payment of damages for lost aud
destroyed produce.
Thanksgiving.
It will be seen, by reference to the Proela
mation of his Excellency, Gov Cobb, that in
accordance with a resolution of ibe Legisla
ture, he has appointed the 27th inst. (o be ob
served as a day of Thanksgiving, and requeats
the citizens generally to unite in its obser
vance as such.
As that day has been almost unanimously
agreed upon by the Executive* of the severa
States of the Union, it may be regarded as a
national fettival, and we since ely hope that i l
may be so regarded and treated by the whole
people.
Fatal Railroad Accidkbt —We regret
to leant that the boiler of a large Freight En
gine, on the Charleston road, on her down
ward trip Friday night, exploded, killing in
stantly the Engineer and two Firemen. We
did sot learn other particulars of this terrible
tragedy.
Commencement at Oglethorpe..
/inpuciucaii, lor the subjoined
account of the commencement exercises of this
institution:
Milledgkville, Nov. 13.
It has afforded mi great pleasure to witness
the commencement exercises of this new
flouriahing Institution, which took place on
Sunday, Monday, Tueeday and Wednesday of
this week. No one who was present can but
rejoice, that the Ins nution is bo successful in
the production of fruit so highly creditable to
he sources whenco it comes. This College is
destined to eo*ead a hupp/ influence upon the
prosperity of ou r S.ate- directed as it is. by
the energy and wisdom of her able President
and enterprising faculty. Annually she sends
lortha portion of ber graduates to minister to
the religious wan s of the people, and not a
few to ba teachers in the sparsely populated
and obscure regions of the State. This alone
should commend Oglethorpe University to the
earnest patronage of the true friends of Geor
Kia. Our present necessity is a good cotps of
Native Teachers, who will dedicate themselves
to the noble work of popular education, and
any body of men who wilt foster this growing
enterprise, will deserve all the eucouragement
which the people can bestow.
The exeroise* at Oglethorpe commenced on
Sunday morning, when the President, Dr. Tal.
mage, preached the annual Baccalaureate Dis
course to the Graduating Class. His text was
“Train up a child in the way he should go, aud
when he is old he will not depart from it.*'
lla took occasion, in the course of his remark*,
to speak of the destitute condition of Georgia,
in regard to her educational advancement,
and strenuously urged upon the present Leg
islature the adopt on of some new system
which will be likely to conduce to our moral
and intellectual e evation. The closing re
marks of advice and counsel, and encourage
meat to the class about to leave the college for
ever, were auch as might be expected from the
lips of an affectionate instructor, solicitous for
(he future welfare of those in whose prosper*
ity he was concerned.
On Monday night the Sophomore Class de
claimed for prizes, and alt of them exhibited
great proficiency in oratory. As a class, tiiey
are entitled to no little credit. Those who re
ceived the first and second prizes were Mr. E.
R Johnson of Midway—son of Judge llerschel
V Johnson—and Mr Gumming from Colum
bus.
On Tuesday, the Junior Class delivered orig
inai speeches suitable to the occasion, and on
subj-cts of literary ir.tsrest. The Messrs.
Small from Charleston, excelled in oratjry and
composition.
On Wednesday, Commencement day, the
chapel of the College was crowded wiih tho in
tellect and beauty of the country. We notic
ed on the stage, Gov. Cobb, Ex-Governor Gil
mer, Judges Johnson and Sayre, and Dr.
George F. Pierce. The Exercises commenc
ed aboui 11 o'clock. The graduates acq fitted
themselves most handsomely, and their sp ■ echos
were all well wri ten and well spoken. When
they concluded, the successful competitors in
the Sop iomoie Prise Declamation were then
called up to receive the awards, which were
delivered by Dr George F. Pierce, in one of
the happiest and most eloquent efforts, which
we have ever heard from mis gentleman, llis
subject was eloquence, the nob'est ofall themes,
and ha hiaxelf displayed the truest embodi
ment of his own subject. The adJdress was
received with graat applause. After its deliv
ery, the Annual Oration was spoken by the
Rev. E. P. Rogers, of Augusta, the subject of
which was: *• The Bible as a Literary Produc
tion" With this spuech he iaterost'ng exer
cises of th* Commencement of Oglethorpe
University, closed. “ W.
The Methodist Chureh Discussion. 1
The following synopsis of the decision of
Judge Nelson in this important Case we ex*
tract from the New Yeork Express of the llih
invt. It will be perceived therefrom that the
M. E. Church is entitled to a share of the
Book Concern, which is valuable, as it ap
pears that the sales for the last twelve months
were more than $200,000, being an increase
of $65,000 the previous year, and ex
ceeding all former year*. The profis on the
Hymn Book were $47 461. The Christian
Advocate ani Journal has a cireula'ion of
25 000 to 29,000. The Sunday School Advocate
C 5 OUO, wi'h a yearly sale of Sunday School
Books amounting to $5»00. The quarterly
Review has 300 U subscribers.
Case or the Methodist Book Cosckrk.—
Id the U. S. Circuit Court, Judges Nelson
and Betts upon the ben-h, a decision was giv
en this morning, by Judge Nelson.
The Judge reviewed the various points in
the case, referred to the (act that the Metho
dist Church was organized in the United
States in 1784, under the superintendence and
sovereignty of the travelling preachers, who
in General Conference, were the whole power
of the Church, the Jay members then and now,
having no voice in Church government.
Before this the Methodist Church was con
ducted by John Wesley and his agents, and the
change was made by his assent and wish. The
Church was never incorporated but held to
gether and kept organized by certain printed
rules.
The plaintiffs say that the difference between
the Northern and Southern branches of the
Chorch, sprung up previously to 1844, as te
the ownership of slaves. This breach threat
ened the safety es the Church. The question
arose iD 1844 whether or not there should be a
separation, and resolutions were passed by a
majority of the conference of that year,
held in New York, deciding that should the an
nual Couference in the Slaveholding States,
consider it best to separate, they might do so.
All the Southern annual conferences werein
that event to he organized in a separate church
to be called “the Methodist Chu ch South.”
it was also decided that travelling Ministers
might attach themselves to either the Nor hern
Southern Church.
The plaintiffs allege thst'he Conference had
this power, and this was confirmed m 1845 by
a council of Northern Bishops.
The members were free to say what was the
best policy of accomplishing the great designs
ol the Master in whose service they were en
gaged, the object being the spread of the Gos
pel. The Cour. also thought that the idea that
the Church bad but limited and prescribed
power was erroneous. Toe Canada Confer
enje was originally a part of the American
Methodist Church, but in 1828 was allowed to
separate Tbe T<.xas Couference was also
brought in the American Churcn.aod in both
cases by the act of tne General Conference.
The Court considered that the complainant
had the same right as previously to the sepa
ration —that thei iaimants were still .ravelii g
preachers, and their fie,d of lab >t within their
jurisdibtion. Assumtn that the General Con
ference was unauthorized to moke tne divistou
still the complainants wese not deprived of
their right to share in the fund, not having for
feited it; it was not in law in the power ol
even the Conference to take it from mem.
Ihe Court so concluded, but whether pro
rata or in propor.ion to the capital, is left for
future adjudication.
Tbe Court also earnestly hoped that the dif
ficulty might new be amicably settled by the
parties interested. If the conclusions arnvec
at should res.ore harmony in tbe Chuien, it
would not regret tbe labor which had been ex
pended upon the case.
The Court also considered that the Trustees
of the Book Concern stood in the light s-f the
Beneficiaries of a Charitable Fund, which had
bean endowed by third parlies. According to
ihe dec.sion of the original founders the pro
ceeds and profits had been devoted to their
use, anti if they came within the regulations
lhev »or» «nll •»i!>l--l *-
The Court desired to administer the law in
behalf of the claimants, their case exciting pe
culiar sympathy. The plan of separation m
1814 provided that there should baa pro rata
distribution, and that each shou'd have their
ahare. It bore the impress of good will and
good feeling, and was founded, so far as the
Court know, on strictly equitable principles.
It was adopted by a vote ol 147 to 22 in a body
where more than 4.000 preachers were re
picsentsd.
As to the powers of the General Confer
ence the Court considers that they were as
they Were originally, »nd that they were not
affected by being < elegated to any lesser num
ber, the reduction of numbers, or the repre
sentative principle, being a necessary incident
to the giowthof the country. They original
ly had the powe r to make at many distinct or
ganizations as they pleased. The conference
had the same power in 1844 as in 1784, when
the whole body acted for itself.
'I he Church, the piaint.ff* then say, became
divided into dis inct bodies, Northern aud
Southern, and that the South was entitled to
its share of the property belonging to the bo
dy. The Church owned a large amount of
property, among which was the N. Y. Metho
dist Book coucern, worth $750,000, but the
agents of thisconcejn as well as the principals
refused to allow any division.
The plaintiffs farther say that a part of them
are travelling ministers, and that they and
150 U other travelling ministers have an interest
in this fund—that the chureh has about 460,-
000 members South, aud that there are about
639 00) North.
The de'endents, (Messrs Peck, Bsngs and
others, agents of the Book Concern, (acknowl
s ge the adoption of the Resolat ons, tut
state that they were intended to meet a contin
gency which never occurred, and that tbe plan
of separation was illegal because unconstitu
tional, and further that the South in withdraw,
ing did so voluntarily,'end thereby renounced
all their privileges us owners of the Dook
Concern.
They acknowledge that the Book Concern
was established by travelling preachers, and
that it is to be applied to their relief, and the
relief of their orphans, and also to the relief of
superannuated preach an.
The Court stated that the travelling preach
ers claim their share of the fund now, as be
fore separation. The establishment had pro
duced large profits, had been conducted with
great judgment but owed its prosperity mat ily
to th > effects of the travelling preachers. The
fund was originally intended tor their benefit,
and if attempted to be changed, it would be
the province of this court to prevent it.
11 o, r oh California.—' The Dalton Signal
says: This seems to be the watchword, now,
of our citizens; it is their daydream; their
only hope seems to clatter aronnd it Ard
we hardly wonder at it. The return of friends
laden with the fruits of their toil, creates the
reasonable desire that they, tuo, may share in
tha golden gain. But a day or two sinoa, and
oo Ibjb than $30,000 was deposited at tha
branch mint at this place—quite tha lar
gest deposit ever made hare in one day.
Its effect i 9 being seen an J felt; our neighbors,
many of them, whose eves hare beheld these
"piles," are re*atirred in the mat er, and are
now determined also on trying their chances
At the present rata «f emigrants thither, we
think tha time will soon be round when thar*
will be aavan woman to one nun.
THINGS IN MILLEDGEVILLE. J
Correspondence of the Chronicle and Sentinel. j
Milledgevillk. Nov. 13, 1831.
Mr Editor: she House resumed the un
finished business of last Tuesday, being the
bill to amend the law of 1811, for the collec
tion of Rent. By tho provisions of tha bill, as
originally reported, an Agent, Attorney at
Law, or in fact might, upon his affidavit, pro
cures Distress Warrant for tbe Rent.
Mr Trippe.cf Monroe, propo-ed a:t amend
men', which was agreed to, that sat 1 Agent,
&c., shall, in the affidavit, state tha’ he knew
the debt had b°en contracted, and thfct tho rent
upon which the warrarit was sought* was d ie
and unpaid. The bill was oppt sed bv Messrs.
McDougald, Ru-sell, Thurmond and Wofi'ord,
and advocated bv Merer*. Henry, Stephens,
Tift and Trippe, and finally passed by a vote of
61 yeas, 60 nays
The bill to exempt Ministers of tho Gospel
from workiDgou the public roads of this State,
was passed by a vote of 110 to 19.
Also, the bill to incorpora'e the Union Steam
BoatOompany of Georgiaand South Carolina
By a resolution of Mr. Harris, of ”lark, the
several parts of the Governor’s Mee-age were
referred to appropriate Committees
The Resolution from the Senate, setting
apart Thursday, the 27,h inst , as a day for
Thanksgiving and praise, was concur.ed in by
the Hr use.
Mr. Bellinger, from DeKalb, la : d on the fa
ble sundry resolutions concerning tho re ntoval
of the seat of government, referring the whole
subject to the people.
At the next biennial elections for members
of the Legislature, tee peopie will be cal
led upon to endorse upon their tickets, At
lanfa, Macon or MilledgevtUe, agr< eably to
their preferences. In the meantime, tbe Go
vernor will be directed to name committees,
whose duties will be to ascertain what amount
of money will ce subscribed by’Macon aud*
Atlanta, respectively, to defray the expenses
of removal, should the people, by thtir votes,
decide upon one or tbe other of those places.
The Chairman of the Committee on Privi
leges and Elec ions, made a report on the con
tested elec ions in Rabun and Seriv a. The
report is favorable to the sitting metrVrsfrom
those counties.
The following bills were repor.ed in the
Senate, and rtad the first time,
By Mr. SI ughter: To lay off and -.rganise
anew county from the counties of Paulding
and Floyd
By Mr. Foster : To amend the Ist action of
the3dar r icle of the Cons'iiution of t‘ is State
object of this bill is to s'rike out ill i words
“being a Seaport or Port of Entry.”
Also, to amend the Statute of Limi.,-tions.
Aiso, to point out and define the strode of
serving Writs of Scire Facias
Also, to rcgulste ho practice in the S ipreme
Court, and Superior Courts of ibis St.te, and
tor other purposes
By Mr Hardeman: To organise a new
county, from Franklioand Elbert
By Mr. Knigh : To provide mean 'or con
struc iog the Brunswick and Florida I il Road,
and to au horize the G<>v«rnor to sui oribe for
Stock in behalf of tha State.
Mr. Calhoun introduced into tl •• Senate,
resolutions of similar import with n >e intro
duced by Mr. Bellinger i to the Hon. *. L
We learn from our New York M-hanges,
that Sunday afternoon, J. Kearney It >gera, M-
D , one of the most eminent surgeo* in 'ho
Unfed States, suddenly died at his i isidence
in that city.
For the Chronicle <f- Sentinel
The Convention of Cotton Planters.
Messrs. Editors: In my last I pr- mised to
give you my view 3 respecting the be t means
for the cotton planters in the Southe i States
to pursue against the present and j ispective
ruinous prices of our great staple. < otfon has
onlv been an article of general comm-ice about
hslfa century. It has been the greatest blessing
(next to food) the human race ever received
Ctwvt mj uvtil All ica raw ana manuiacliir -d state,
into immense regions of country, and the com-
Eletionof this century will find ten millions of
sles not too mu<’hfor the wants of the world.
The merciful Providence, in the production,
man uld dure and consutnpiion of it, seems to
have had an eve of pity upon the human race.
Wool, silk or flax bears no comparison to it.
Such has been the great improvements in pro
ducing and manufacturing it, that fur one dol
lar a complete covering to clothe tho human
body can be had, and in some climates half this
sum U nearly sufficient, and if the price of the
raw material was ten cents a pound, there would
not be much difference in the price of tho
clothing.
If the labour necessary to make cotton, hod
to be performed by white persons, it would not
be less than one dollar a pound Its cultivation
is evidently adapted to the block or colored races,
and in this leepectis next to rice and sugar.
To the negro race it is and will be »he greatest
blessing upon the earth, being entirely destined,
ultimately, to be their greatest article of export
from Africa, in the next century, when coloniza
tion gathers, in the course of time, the power
which it will certainly do. To the white race,
it now gives employment, food and raiment to
millions —and there can be ho caleulations too
saDguine to imagine what the next hundred
years will show its effects upon the world. The
cotton crop of the United States is now supposed
to be worth about $?0,000,000 annually: when
manufactured It is probably worth 9250,000,000.
The wea.th of no region of the earth has been
multiplied in the lime proportion from the labor
employed upon It, as the cotton making States
have been —yet strange to say no country has
upon its face less evidences of wealth It has
all, or nearly all been absorbed in increa«ing by
purchase the physical labours of other States.
We have wo n out our land, and show a most
desolate,ruined country in laboring for the bene
fits of other regions—lor no country can prosper
if its soil deteriorates. Its wealth is only In its
increased value.
England, the northern and eastern States of
this Union, have become enriched in an incalcu
libie degree, almost entirely from the manufac
turing of cotton. Their wealth enables them to
build cities almost as by magic, Railroads and
canals, costing millions annually. They import
manures, thousand of miles, to manure their
land. They can burn down half of a city almost
for a frolic, and rebuild it in ten fold grandeur
in three months They can spend a million, to
hear a woman sing, and call her divine I whilst
the southern planters are toiling and labouring
from sun rise to sun set to make cotton for them
to do all this, at about 5 cents a poun 1 ; wearing
out his plantation and leaving it for the pesti
lent regions of malaria and cholera, for him and
his family to fi id an early grave. This is q
melancholy comparison—but experience has
proved it to be too true. It may bo asked, is there
no remedy tor all this 1 are we to be “ hewers of
wood and drawers of waier” for the rest of the
world? If we do not, as a people, chjnge in a
very great degree our general policy, we shall be
all ruined, and l- ave nothing but desolation be
hind us.
Schemes as shit ping, exporting, importing an J
foreign trade, are ail actually necessarv for the
great benefit of all countries. These things will
always be carried on by men who are distinct
from the planter—his sole object ought to boos a
particular character; if not as of old, in im
proving his “fl icka and herds," he must im
prove his lands, raise his supplies for supporting
his working force , and not expend his increased
annual substanco in purchasing negroes from
distant States : these must be raised am mgst
us. I boldly assert that we never shall see
prosperity until this policy is pursued. As to
the proposed plans of some men, in holding on
to our cotton ; storing it and issuing bills oi re
ceipts upon it in a kind of banking fashion—
this Is ridiculous. Production and consumption;
supply and demand make, use and destroy. Tho
annual productions of the earth are necessary
for tho annual wants of the people upon it.
Cotton, aeeoon as it is made, had always bast be
sold. Let the manufacturer diffuse his goods
alao, as soon as possible, to tho merchant—
but tie merchant to his customers. Let
agriculture, commerce and consumption all take
t»-cimpetu3 of the present great and rapid strides
which are moving in all things for the general
benefit of the human fii(ni!y--and then, and 11.4
until then, will live pi inters prosperity i.cjnl
BimHAw,
Correspondence of t‘le Chronicle if* Sentinel.
Washinotoh Citt, Nov. 10. 1851.
I have lead wit 1 greet sattsf tetiou the Inang.
ural Address of your new Governor It
commends itself to the pst-iet'.am of ever/
man, and will place it) author, as he rich /
deserves to be, in the front rank* of,the truly
great and national men of the Republic,
Standing upon the platform of that Addrrs >,
the Constitutional Union party wi'l be invin-
cible— the rights of the South will be reaper
led—and the Union of these States preserved.
The developments of every eek, convi r:a
me that the hope of the country is in a r 7
organization, ( national ) of political part, 1,
As at present organized, all you canexpoct i
to smother the flame tbat mus eventually d
troy the Republic. It is contended by so■;
that tie North must have time to change 1 t
position, you must no' expect them to co i
upbo'dly to the question, and sustain t :
Compromise measures unconditionaily tn 1
wi’hout equivocation, but in the courte of
time they will come to it. Away with such t
policy. The South has lone its duty, and t o
North must do theirs, not halfway, bn
thoroughly and completely. You need 0; 7
look to the clectioLa which have taken pbt j
and are taking place at the North, to convince
the South that it is utterly hopeless to rely
upon either of the present political organic i*
lions, as security that the slavery ag tation h .a
ended and that the Compromise is<t final set -
mens of the question- Income localities t:,e
one party appears sound, while in others i. ; <
rotten to t,e core. For instance, Bigler, of
Pennsylvania, occupies national ground, a:. 1
is elected, not by his own political friends, Lr
it is generally admitted but for the vote of the
Union Whigs, he would have been defeated,
while if the issue could have been direcy
m .de, independent of old paity orgamxaiu -j1
his majority woulu have baen much largJ*
Mr. Bigler’s triumph is considered, and to/all
appearance is a Democratic victjry. i i
Massachusetts the same party figbt under 1
different flag—for instince Mr. Anson Bu -
r lingame, whose name as a Sena onal eluci
date appears on the regular Democratic licit t
1 for the County of Middlesex, in a late epaec
he d th’s language:
»« We mean 10 make slaveho'ding prima fade
f c. idence against a man’s cap icily to hold 01/ice.
“ II a slaveholder comes loyuu, and siys j ‘intro
-5 ducemeto your w.ves and daughters.’ say ‘nu !
j eay ‘a man who sells wives and UuugtiteiS t-iiall n-t
be entrusted with the honor of our houi s. [Ben?s
-ticn. 1 Say to him ‘1 will not introduce you ainjii'
my little ones, leit you instil into their youtntul
minds sentiments bo’n 1/ the bittomLen put. 1
We will do here as the celebrated lush O’O-'-u H
• did m the streets of Lon *on, reluse to ch.ltc itrdr
r sit,ve stained I ends. A slaveholder can no ily he
sh: ken by the hand among the batter clasaes 1a
, England. We will make the same sentiment pre
vail here ”
And yet it is proposed that the two Si .0
send d degalea to a Na.ional Convention, 10
» nominate candidates for he firs', cilices m tite
• Rep.iblL—and what isstil worse, it i» expect
b ed that the South stiall meet them and unite
- together in the unhallowed and unnuly con
nexiou. Go to Uie Whig party xf the North
and the same facts are presented, while you
will find men in Beaton, New York, Connec
ticut and almost every Nor.nern State, who
are as national in sentiment as Mr. B g er, you
0 will find thousands as funiltcal as Mr. Burliu
s game. . . .
s Take another case, lhe late election in the
a State of Wisconsin. E ery body knows that,
, that State has been Damocratic/rum its youth,
and never befjie sustained the Whig ticket.
Now, however that the Whig c ndidate lor
i Governor war more /reo «?
i, be in every Northern State, whero the W'i:g9
• are in the minority, they wdi affiliate wi n the
f free soilers, and so will the Detn>cras under
• like circumstances. But if the Smith will go
1 'nto Convention only with tho-a who wi.l
• stand toand abido t>jr what is known ae the,
Georgia Pitt torm you immediately ci mline
and concentrate the conservative eleute ia of
both of the old political par ies, and the promi
nent politician of either the Whig or Da
-1 mocratio party who refuses to dose, '.hows
himselfin opposition to the principles o: that
I organization. It will cot do for nun to say,
1 that my political parly will carry out those
principles, for he has no assuratcj that thoy
will, whereas a c imbinaiiou ioi dial expressed
objeat is mbovesuipicion The very lust that
Northern politicians hod back and refuse to
endorse and sustain the new organization,
while at the same time, they sing hosannahs
over the insults of that party, implies one of
two hings—they are either insincere in thoir
declarations of fidelity to the Compromise, or
they are actuated by selfish motives, in cling
ing to that fauaticism of the North, that they
know may be beneficial to (hem, where their
power is doubtful. I desire no better evidence
of the correctness of the position of the Con
stitutional Uniou party, than, that wherever
the issue has been directly made, the people
have rendered a verdict in thoir favor Be
sides, the very politicians vho «eeua desirous
of throwing cold water on the organization,
are compelled to acknowledge their soundness
and confess to tbeir virtue. If, as the North
ern papers and speakers admit, the Con
stitutonal Union party of the Sou h ha e
done (heir whole duty in this vexed controver
sy, and saved the Union from destruction,
and if, as some allege, (he Democratic
party occupies the sains platform, wnyisit,
that these very m<- n, are opposed to the new
organization 1 If it ia of them, and with thum,
why not embrace them, and say to them,
these are the principles for which wo have
always contended, and we will meet you in
Convention, at any time or place you may
designate, for the purpose of carrying them
out in good faith an 1 honesty. If, as some of
the Whigs of the North contend, they are
the true friend) of the Uniou, why are they so
backward in embracing an orgau.aition, about
which there can bo no doubt as to their objeo’f
Ihe truth of the whole matter is, that the
Constitutional Union party have the power
now to control things as they please. Every
Southern State must come to their platform,
if they inten i to aland to their rights and se
cure peace in the U mon ; and the Norh, un
less they are prepared to dissolve the connex
ten, must likewise yiald to their demands.
Besides the final se lloment of the vexad
q lestion of slavery, the moral effect of this
new political organisation in restoring har
mony anu good leeltug between tha North and
the South, which I apprehend has almost
been fatally estranged, will be of incaicu able
benefit. And why should it not be ? We are
the descendants ol a common ancestry. Our
children have intermarried, aud we are one in
blood, on in affeotion, ene in the domestic re
latione of husband and wife, parent and child,
one in Government, and 1 trust one in a destl
-11111,1 k® brilliant, and can be obscured
only br the folly or madness of an infuriated
fanaticism. .. All Onsaaviß.”
W*»t Salt— lt is estimated that from
30,000 to 40,01)0 bushels of Salt ara mads an*
nually at Key West by solar evaporation.
I'hs aalt is said to possess superior qualities
lor saving meat and i« much sought after.
Ihe busiasss is now carried ou t > a small ei<
te t, out oan easily be extended a thousand
fold, as the natural salt ponds are very exten
sive. It is predicted tint it will become a very
important trade in « few years at Key West.