Newspaper Page Text
R. ELLIS & CO., Proprietors.
Volume XVIII.
(OLIMJUS, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1858.
Abolition—Philanthropy Illustrated.
Xenia, Ohio, Oct. 4th, 1868.
/Mar Sir: Please sir to intercede for me, and
find out whether or not I can come “back, either as
your slave, or as a free woman. I prefer being
your servant in Columbus to being a free woman
here.
The above is a extract from a letter written by
a free black woman in Ohio, to a gentleman
in this city. She migrated from this place some
time last Spring, and fixed her residence in the
free State of Qhif, whither, doubtless, she was in
duced to go by the conviction or fancy, that
freedom was the parent of all other blessings, and
that free territoir was the negro’s elysium. The
bitterness of her die-appointment is expressed in
Father forcible metoric. ller preference for being
the Slave of a gentlemen, to the equal of an abo
litionist, strikes us us being pretty severe. Her
opinion must hive been based upon her own ex
peiience. and her observation of tho hopelessly de
gnded position of her race in Ilogdom, and, in
tip* view, it furnish an experimental proof of the
superiority of the condition, present and prospec
tive, of the Southern Slave to the Northern free
egro. Abolitionism and philanthropy, like the
•oles of the earth, point in opposite directions and
ire separated by the utmost possible distance.
North Carolina. —By Governor Bragg’s mes
sage to the North Carolina Legislature we learn
that the aggregate bonded debt of the State is
$8,879,505. Tire State has also u floating debt
of $302,418, and it is suggested that a temporary
loan be affected to discharge it. The Governor
urges the creation of a sinking fund for the ulti
mate discharge of the State debt, and the charter
of some institution to take the place of the State
Bank, should it be decided to go into liquidation,
lie cautions the Legislature, however, against the
policy of building up over-grown banking insti
tutions. A change in the usury law, and a re
organization of the mtlititi, arc suggested, and a
common school system spoken of iu flattering
terms. The message is entirely coniined-to State
affairs, except a brief reference to Anti-Slavery
resolution.- received from Maine and New Hamp
shire, which the Governor wisely says were not of
a character to merit any notice from the Legisla
ture of North Carolina.
The Slave Trade Restriction*. —On the 3d
inst., resolutions were offered in the South Caro
lina House of Representatives, instructing the
Senators and requesting the Representatives in
Congress to use all proper efforts for a removal or
repeal of all federal legislation against the Afri
can slave trade, on the ground that such restric
tion is derogatory to the rights of the South.—
The resolutions took the usual course, and were
ordered for.consideration on Saturday last.
Jeremiah Clemens, of Alabama, ex-Sena
tor, and author of •‘Mustang Gray/’ is writing a
new novel, to be called “Tho Rivals, a Tale of
the Times of Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamil
ton.”
George D. Prentice and tiis Lectures.— By
a letter just reeeivedfrom that distinguished Geor
gia orator, A. 1L 11. Dawson, Esq., of Savannah,
we learn the distinguished Kentuckian .named
above, will lecture in Mobile on the 10th inst. He
will pass through this city and probably be here
ill time to lecture —if our people wish it *‘ s>
16th inst. He delivers centres: one on the
Tendencies of
Statesmanship- Either or both, he will consent
to or-liver here : but if it is desired that he should
do so, our citizens, or a committee thereof, must
address him immediately at Mobile, apprising
him of the fact. This is necessary, as Mr. Pren
tice may arrange his engagements for cities to the
East and North of as.
On some points, we differ politically very widely
with Mr. Prentice, but we greatly admire his ge
nius and we do hope that someone w ill at once
Bike the necessary steps to secure the delivery
hereof one or both of his lectures. —Montgomery
Mail.
COMMUNICATE I).
A State Agricultural society.
Mi Hr* Editor*.: We are informed by the news
papers, that among the many recommendations
and applications fbr State aid of the present leg
islature, mi annuity of $2,500, is asked for the
“Southern Central Agricultural Society/’ and its
unconditional passage, (it is asserted) would be a
reflection upon the intelligence and a further
abuse of the forbearance of the people ot Geor
gia.
Is it true, that the history of this association
has been auything than laudable to the character
of the State, and that waste, extravagance and
unfruitfulness, have characterized its transac
tions ?
Is it also true, that this great Southern Associa
tion, as its name purports, iu which thousands of
the noMe hearted and generous men of the >oatb,
once cheerfully participated ami contributed their
influence aud patronage to establish upon a per
manent basis—has been made to subserve private
interest and individual aggrandizement? If so,
let it share the fate it deserves.
A State AgriculturalSoeiety, organized and es
tablished upon a permanent basis, with a liberal
annuity by the legislature, is one of the only enter
prises for which we could ask the bounty of the
♦State. An appropriation office thousand dollars
annually, for this object, would pay a greater
dividend upon the productive irealth of the State,
than any investment she could make with twice
the amount ofHbe jifcblic money. Hut we would
accept it only upon the following conditions :
that the present mis name be abolished by anew
and entire re-organization—a charter and consti
tution with a life membership clause be adopted
upon which the people ot the btatc, ul every sec
tion can eo-operate and harmonize —the Fairs of
the Society, held annually in that city of the
winch would contribute halt as much as the State
annuity. The officers ‘electedannually by the
members of the Society, and under no circum
stances, re-eligiblc—nor to nominate, with the
sanction of the President , their successors. The
Seeretarv to be Secretary, also, of the Ag
ricultural Bureau,” with a salary equal to either of
the Executive officers ol the State, and to reside at
the capital of the State. With such an organiza
tion and department of agricultural progress, wc
could look upon Georgia with a just pride and
admiration, and for which wc earnestly appeal
to the judgment and wisdom of the legislature, in
behalf of a great and progressive State, and from
au honest conviction of its immense utility to a
noble and generous people—invoke the co-opera
tion and sanction of the Governor of said State.
COLT* MB l*S.
Virginia Annual Conference.
This assembly bomraenccd its session at Ports
mouth. Wednesday, 24th iust. The business of
the Conference was suspended at 11 o clock, 1 hurs
dav, and the Rev. 11. H. Kavanaugb, the presid
ing Bishop, delivered a sermon appropriate to the
day. The tint them Argus says of this dis
“ That it was such as no man can preach but one
whose heart is filled with the love of God. It
breathed a spirit of piety, purity and love, and
and while its doctrinal clement was well adapted
for the instruction of the ignorant uud infidel, its
brilliant exposition of religious life and happiness
was well calculated to win from earth the hearts of
all. It was eminently a gospel, a Holy Ghost
sermon, and moved to tears the vast assembly con
vened to bear k.”
The pulpits of Norfolk and Portsmouth were
filled Sunday by Methodist Ministers. The con
gregations were favored with sermons on that day
bv Messrs. Kavanaugb, Doggett, W. A. Smith.
Lee. Iluston, McFerrin, Abbey, Edwards, and
others not inferior to them in learning and elo
quence.. Two Protestant Episcopal Churches
were served by Messrs. Procter and Blount, Dog
gett and Blackwell.— Char, Msrcury.
Georgia Legislature.
Milledgeville, Dec. 4th ISoS.
Th emarks of Mr. Harris of Meriwether, up
on Mr. Cooper’s Supreme Court resolutions. Mr.
11. said iu substance, that when lie had moved to
take up the resolutions of the Senator from Seri
veu, it was to give the Senate an opportunity to
place upon it, ( the resolution) the seal of its con
demnation. He believed that it was almost crim
inal to allow such aTesolqtion to encumber the
desk of the Secretary. What is this resolution?
It is a direct assault upon two of the Judges of
the Supreme Court of Georgia. For what ? For
deciding a law point, for detenuing what in their
opinion was the law of Georgia; for doing that
which the laws of the country, and their constitu
„tional obligations required them to do. Thin,
this, was the whole of their offending, and for
this, they are arraigned before the bar of tills Sen
ate, and asked to retire from their positions, Now,
he took this position—ls the Judges have done
wrong, if transcended their authority, if they
have been guilty of any offence whatever, the
Constitution and Jaws of the country are not silent
as to the manner of redress. Two modes are
pointed out. Let either be adopted. He thought
that neither Judges, Penning or McDonald would
shrink from any investigation. That is what tiiuy
want. They desire ft. They court it. Then why
not. instead of this ungenerous, unkind attack,
prefer charges in the legitimate way. Will you
deny to these gentlemeu a right, which the laws
of the country give to the veriest slaves who till
the soil? The right to be heard in their own de
fence when accused. Mr. 11. desired to guard his
language, he did not intend to reflect upon the
motives of any Senator. He had a right to speak;
to speak plainly, on the resolutions before the
Senate. They were not only extraordinary, but
in his judgment highly revolutionary. They seek
to drive from the Supreme Court of Georgia, two
of its Judges for making a decision wbieh is said
to be unpopular. Are not the fanatics of the
North engaged in pulling down the Supreme Court,
because of the decision in the Dred Scott case ?
Will any Senator say, that movement is not rep
rehensible ? Suppose a resolution udopted at the
next Congress requiring the Judges who made
that decision to resign, would it not be deemed an
outrage? A high-handed measure ? A wrong?
Yet it would be diffieultMo show any essential
difference between the people of the United States,
to the Supreme Court of the U. States, and that
of the people of Georgia, to the Supreme Court of
Georgia. If wrong to raise popular clamor and
prejudice against Judges for making the Dred
Scott decision, to which two-thirds of the people
affected by it are opposed, i it not equally so, to
level the same artillery against Judges of the Su
preme Court of Georgia. lie would not discuss
the legality, or illegality of the decision in ques
tion. He would leave that task to the Senator
from Scriveu, Sir William Blackstono and the
Judges of the Supreme Court.
Mr. Cooper asked, was not your father a stock
holder in some of those broken Hanks ?
Mr. 11. replied, yes : but that if be (Mr. C.)
intended it as an insinuation against him, he would
hurl it indignantly back.
Mr. Cooper said, he meant no personal reflection.
Mr. Harris, had no concealments upon that or
any other subject, lie was willing to proclaim it
there in the Senate of Georgia, or “from the house
tops.” His father was a stockholder in the Bank.
That he might be considered as having a small
and remote interest. Ho could not see the rele
vancy of that question to the point under discus
sion.” That he would not be deterred by that, or
any other consideration, from defending honora
ble and upright Judges, when assailed in an indi
rect and unconstitutional manner. He said it
was unnecessary for him to defend the character
of Judges Benuing and McDonald. Os Judge
Benning, he felt warranted in saying, that a purer,
nobler or better spirit never beat iu the bosom of
any man. He was born, raised and educated on
the soil of Georgia, and had ever been true to her
interests and her honor. The name of Charles J.
McDonald was a part of the history of the country.
He had been,connected with tho government tor
nearly half a century, in all Its departments, Le
gislative, Executive, and Judicial. When, when
ever before, was there a resolutiuji offered respect
ing him, except of approval.
These gentlemen needed uo defence at his hands.
Their names were written iu sunbeams upon the
pages of history. As majestic oaks on the moun
tain peak, obscured for a while by clouds, when
they have passed, shine more brightly under the
full rays of the sun, so the cha aefers of these
men when the clouds of prejudice shall have roll
ed away, will seem more clear, more pure, con
templated in the calm light of reason and ot truth.
Later from Kansas—Trrriftrlal Mass Comriitlon.
St. Lons, Xoy. 30.—Leavenworth dates to
the 26th Nov., per V. S'. Express to Boonville.
furnish advices from Kansas.
A Territorial Mass Convention of the Conser
vative element assembled at Lea\enwortti, on the
25th, for the purpose of organising an opposition
to the Republicans. The attendance was numer
ous. though only six counties were represented.
A thorough re-union and re-organization of the
Democracy was advocated and hotly debated, a
strong minority characterising such action a? pre
mature.
A series of resolutions, petitioning Congress for
liberal land grants for public improvements; de
nouncing the Republican party, and in favor of
the exclusion of free negroes from the future State
of Kansas, declaring the slave question * dead
issue; advocating the opening of the Indian re
serves to settlers, and a modification of the pre
emption laws, was finally adopted, with a pream
ble, determining upon an immediate organization
of the Democracy.
The session was prolonged to a late hour, and
was rather turbulent. Both w ings of the party
were well represented, and tho discussion main
tained with vigor. Abie speeches were made on
both sides. The Convention did not limit itself
with regark to candidates for the next Presiden
cy, though strong Douglas tendencies prevailed.
The Convention has adjourned sine rfiV.
Vir.oixiA and France.—The Norfolk Argus
translates the following from tbe Pharr dr la Loire,
(Santee, France,) 30f/i ijejiternber. We rejoice
with our Norfolk coteiuporary at the new rela
tions about to be established between France and
the centre of the United States. We believe they
will lie very useful to both countries, and will
meet with tew obstacles. \Y e are fully convinced
that without waiting for the construction of a line
of steamers, a considerable commerce of exchan
ges can at once be established between Nantes, St.
Nazairo and Norfolk. That of ship-timber, lor
instance, has become very important; it has at
tracted the special attention ol the Government,
aud the Prefect of Police, a few days since, made
an ordinance which fixes the taritt tor its trans
portation on the Orleans Railroad. This measure
is very significant, and proves the degree ot im
portance which the Government attaches to the
development of this branch ot industry.
Ships coming from Norfolk will not return with
out cargoes. II hies, brandies, leather, and ad
other products brought to Nantes by the river
aud rail road, joined to those of our own city, wjll
be certain elements ot freight. H e can theH pre
dict to exporters from Virginia complete success,
and an increase of prosperity.
Senator Hammond's Freesotl Endorsers.
If Senator Hammond’s two speeches—the one
at lleech Island, and the other at Barnwell, South
Carolina—have not fallen satisfactorily upon
Southern ears, one thing is quite evident, they
have rendered him excessively popular with the
Abolititmists and Freesoilors of the North, it wc
can attach any meaning to the words they utter.
The New York Tribune —first-rate, unimpeach
able Abolition authority—endorses the South
Carolina authority—endorses the South Carolina
8 motor us a man of sense, sagacity aud discern
ment ” says it likes him, aud concludes a somc
what’lengthy review of hisspecch in these words:
1. The North (in the Opinion of Mr. II.) has
never united long on any “policy.. In his
opinion, the Abolition agitation is on its last legs,
both in this country and in Europe. But. how
ever that may be, it will be best, wo thmk. not
to build too strong hopes thereon. The question
between the North and the South has ceased al
together to be—in fact it never was at any time—
a negro question. The question is and has been
—.Shall these United States be ruled by a little
aristocracy of some 350,000 slaveholders, assisted
by as rnauy Northern doughlaccs, mercenary ot
fice-scekers, and Irish bullies, or shall the coun
try be. ruled by, and in tho interest of the great
mass and vast majority of its free, self-working
laborers? That has been, and that is still the
question to lie decided. Till that question has
been completely and permanently settled, we are
rather inclined to think that Mr. Senator Ham
mond will find the North quite as united as the
** “A little aristocracy of some 350,009 slavehold
ers Such words ami statements are not uncom
mon in the columns of the great organ of Black
Republicanism. And we must do it the justice to
sav that it consults the Federal census with com
mendable industry, and that its figures are usually
correct The other day it informed the public that
there were but sixteen thousand and forty slave
holders In Maryland, out of a white population of
THE UNION OP THE STATES, AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.
near half a million, and argued with much force
and plausibility, basing its arguments upon the
statistics (4ted that the institution could not long
exist in thaLcommonwealth. We furnished our
readers, as they will remember, with the figures
upon which the Tribune relied, and commented
thereupon appropriately.
The New York Courier and Enquirer w hich, a
few’ days since, nominated Win. 11. Seward for the
next Presidency, styles Senator Hammond’s Barn
well speech as “able,” “manly” and “practical.”
Indeed, it is quite full oLeompliments to the dis
tinguished, anti-fire-eatiug South-Carolinian. We
quote ;
‘•His (Hammond’s) review of the Kansas ques
tion, and of the follow those who repealed the
Missouri Compromise and sought to force Kansas
into the Union as a slave State, is worthy of all
praise, and almost raiders him a* good a Republi
can as !. //• Semird.”
There is more “truth than poetry” in the above
extract. If Senator Uamrtiond is not almost “as
good a (Black) Republican as Wm. 11. Seward,”
one thing is sure: In bis-Beech Island speech,
wherein he counselled the Southern people to sub
mit to a re-clection of an Abolition President be
fore they ventured upon measures of resistance,
he causelessly proposed to surrender more than 1
Seward, or any other Abolition leader, ever dared
to hope could be accomplished peaceably. No
wonder his speech is popular with Sewardites.
The New York Sun speaks thus of Senator Ham
mond’s Barnwell effort:
“Mr. Hammond’s policy is that of a candid and
conciliatory reliance upon the conservative fnen of
the North. It is certainly refreshing to hear a
South Carolinian tail! in this strain, and Senator
Hammond’s speech must exercise a good influence
“upon our national politics.”
Conservative men of the North.” What u bit
ter mockery such words convey. They are good,
conservative men in the North, but they sway no
more influence over the North than do the slaves
►of Louisiana over the government of Louisiana.
Everywhere almost without exception, in that sec
tion of the country, Sewardism rules, and patriot
ic, honest con not only dooms its posses
sor to the obscurity oT private life, but frequently
makes him u target for relentless fWrsecution ! We
need not discuss or argue this point. The elections
furnish incontrovertible proof and irresistible ar
gument, and with the result thereof our readers
and the public are well acquainted.
The South Carolina papers, which have been
remarkably silent, editorially, respecting the stu
pendous effort of their eminent Senator, should cer
tainly publish some of the Frcesoi! laudations up- \
on it. They ought to do this, foraf least two rea
sons : If they do. probably their constituent-’ will
learn thfit there is sonic little land outside the far
famed domains of Marion and Sumter; and, ;
secondly, as they are evidently preparing to omit 1
the use of tire ns an article of daily food, and may
fancy a dish of pork and sugar-tree molasses ere |
long, it is well enough that the whereabouts of the ;
articles should be generally known.—.V. O. ('res
cent.
Politics In Sonili Carolina.
The subject of re-opening the African slave
trade was one of the questions bearing upon the
selectionof a United States Senator by the Legis- ;
rp fill the vacancy occa
sioned by the death oftue lion. Josiah J. Evans.
The telegraph, however, brought an erroneous
version of the pendiug resolutions on the subject.
They are as follows :
Resolved. That the Constitution of the United ,
States contains no grunt of power to regulate, pre
vent, or restrict commerce among foreign nations ; j
and therefore, all acts of Congress purporting to j
prohibit or interfere with the slave trade between j
foreign countries are unconstitutional, haVt j
no rightful force or effect j
Eeeolvcl, That tit* m-t ofCongress declaring the |
slave trade to be piracy, if it be understood as ,
a (binning that it is piracy in the nature of things
and in the sense of the Constitution, affirms what j
is not true; and, inasmuch as it purports and in- t
tends to convert into piracy, what is not so in the j
nature of things and in the sense of the Constitu- j
tion, the said act is unconstitutional, null and
void.
Senator Mazyck, who introduced these rcsolu- j
tions, made a brief speech in their favor. He ar
gued against the right of the Federal Government j
to interfere with the slave trade when carried on j
by foreign nations, but he did not touch the ques- j
tion of re-opening our own ports to the foreign |
slave trade. In regard to the act ol Congress
which declares the slave trade piracy, Mr. M.
contended that when the Federal Constitution
was adopted, the slave trade was as legitimate as
the trade in wool, coffee or tobacco, and that if
the power delegated to Congress to regulate com- j
incrcc is to be interpreted into the light to make
it an act of piracy to carry on that particular trade ;
between any countries whatever, then must Con
gress surely have the same right* at its option, to ;
make the trade in coffee, wool or tobacco an act ol
piracy. If Congress, he said, really possessed the
power to make the slave trade between Africa and
Cuba piracy, it would have the same power to j
declare the same trade piracy between Louisiana i
and Virginia when carried on by the sea.
The Senate did not seem to be prepared at that j
time to act upon the resolutions, and they were j
referred to the Committee on Federal Relations. j
Correspondence of the Scientific American.
Trial of Hiram Plows.
J few*. Editors : The trial of steam plows be- |
fore the Executive Committee of the Illinois State j
Agricultural Society, took place at Decatur on ;
the 40th inst. The weather was cold ; rain and |
snow combined rendering tho ground wet, soft,
and slippery. The arrangements for the trial wore j
not as complete as could have been desired, and j
the unfavorable - weather and condition of the j
ground made the trial one of but partial success, j
On wet, soft grass land tbe plow did well, but it j
soon became too wet and slippery even there; ]
on stubble land the plows, having no coulter,
choked.’ The only plow exhibited was that of i
Mr. Fawkes, of Pennsylvania. It was provided ;
with an upright locomotive boiler, having 151 j
flues set upon a long frame-wor-k, which rested on
a large roller-shaped driving wheel behimfj and j
two guide wheels in front. A tank and box for j
wood or coal rested over the driving wheel. The j
guide wheels are in advance of the boiler. The
engine is of 20-horse power, with 8-inch cylinders
driving the master wheel by cogs ou the ends of i
the roller. The driving wheel is shaped like a j
barrel, being six feet long and five feet high. The ;
mode of moving this enables the inventor to stop j
his machine at once without any danger of break- :
ing anything. Tue guide wheels are about eigh- I
teen inches wide, and three feet high, turned by
a wheel under the control of the engineer. The
tank, smaller than intended, holds live barrels of |
water. Mr. Fawkes estimates the consumption
of wood at one cord per day, and of water ar one
and a half barrels .per hour. The weight is load
ed about seven tuns; cost $2,500. Lost of a ten
horse power, $1,500. The plows are on frame
work behind, capable of being lowered and raised
by an assistant
The machine drew six plows, cutting 12-inch
furrows, between four and five inches deep. It
plowed at the rate of one aero iu torty minutes; ;
on firm, hard ground it could go faster. On very !
wet ground the driving wheel slipped, which the i
inventor thinks he can obviate by putting-spuds in
it. The success was beyond expectation ; and as
there are several other steam plows in- course of
j invention and erection, it is to be presumed that
1 Yankee enterprise and ingenuity will soon put
I forth a steam plow that will surmout all obstacles !
j to its success. li. HINCKLEY,
j Prairie Cottage, 111., Nov., 1858.
The Coolies in Cuba.—A Virginia gentleman |
of intelligence, who Tccently visited Cuba, gives a ;
sad picture of the toils and sufferings to which i
the Coolie slaves are subjected. They have noth
ing like the capacity of the negro for labor and en
durance. and yet the *aine tasks are imposed upon
them. When not engaged in the field they herd
indiscriminately, men, women and children, in ,
huts, with no semblance of the family tie or ohli- j
gations. Suicide is common among them, some- j
times ten or a dozen hanging themselves at a. time.
No provision is made for their return to their na
! tiue land, from which they have been beguiled,
and their masters having no interest in them, ex
cept to get the greatest amount of work possible out
of them during their period of apprenticeship,
heap upon them an amount of laoor that soon
| breaks them down, and often hurries the m to tho
i grave. —Baltimore Sun.
Xnr York Chamber of Commerce.—Tbe regn
! lar monthly meeting of the Chamber of Com
i morce took'place on Thursday, at which a letter
was submitted from Mr. Secretary Cobb, upon
the Fubieot of the reciprocity of a treaty with
Canada in flour: he decides that wheat must bo
tbe growth of Canada in order to ciirac with the
free lit A report on the subject of employing
steam ou the canals was adopted, strongly in fa
vor of tho Anovement. The subject of collisions
at sea came up in the shape of a communication
from the Philadelphia Board of Trade, and mea
sures were taken to memorialize Congress upon
tbe subject, to aeoure proper international regula
i tions which should be just to all concerned.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1858
COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY. DECEMBER S, 1858.
How they View It.
The New York Tribune and its Black Repub
ican compeers a.feet much horror at the failure
of the Grand Jury of Charleston to find bills of
indictment against the officers and crew of the
slaver Echo. We are not acquainted with the
evidence upon which the action of the Jury must
have been founded, but. assuming that it were all
the Tribune claims—that it clearly proved the
prisoners to be violators of a law of the United
States, and justly amenable to its penalty, and
Unit they forbore its enforcement from respect to
the moral sentiment of the Southern people, it
must excite the curiosity of every one to compre
hend how this editorial “higher law” dynasty can
consistently except to it. The basis ot‘ any con
demnation iu the premises must be the isolation, by
the discharged parties, of a written, statute law, for
it i> only such that a jury is charged to enforce. Con
upon such ground, however. Mr. Groely ct id
omne genus are estopped from indulging, for the
life-giving principle of their organization is hos
tility to a law ofequal sanctity with that of which
a violation is alledged. Tbe recovery of fugitive
slaves is provided for by a law of Congress, nay.
the assertion of the right forms a clause of the
fundamental compact—the constitution itself; yet
the political ethics ofGreely <fc Cos., not only re
pudiates this guarantee, but enjoins the reproba
tion of itasa religious duty, and threatens theriffy
croakers about plighted faith and constitutional
right with temporal disgrace and eternal wrath.—
The man who rails and grows frantic at the con
ductof his neighbor, while his own life is a daily
illustration, both in principle and circumstance,
of the practice he condemns, excites the sentiment
of contempt or ridicule. We commend to our pious
brethren the scriptural injunction about the
“mote” and “beam.”
Meeting of Congress.
W \siiiNGTON. Dec. 6.—Congress met to-day.—
After organizing, the message of the President
was read. Senator Gwin gave notice that he
would call up bis Pacific Railroad bill to-iuor-
Seuator llalc made oue of bis characteristic
sarcastic speeches about I lie message.
In the house the message was read.
The Hon. Wm. L. Dewart, of Pennsylvania,
made an ineffectual effort to introduce a resolution
instructing the committee of Ways and means to
report a bill to increase the tariff on iron, wool,
Ac., Ac.
Caution.
On Monday night a rocket was discharged from
somewhere on Broad street, which, after its pro
jectile force was expended, fell upon the roof of
the warehouse of Messrs, Dillard, Powell A Cos.
The fire remaining on the rod, we learn from Mr.
D., was sufficient to molt the solder on the tin.—
Had it fallen on tho acres of cott*- “ llDin an( *
without the wareh- — .mo damage might have
ho immense. This circumstance should be an
admonition to those who deal in tiro-works, to be
careful what direction they give to these mimic
meteors.
Suicide by a Printer. —Mr. Jas. W. Bennett,
a printer by occupation, and for ten or twelve
years past, foreman of tbe Southern Recorder office
at Milledgeville, disappeared Tuesday night last,
and alter diligent search no trace of him could be
discovered. Late Saturday afternoon, his body
was discovered in a well, in the street, nearly op
posite the office. Mr. B. had been for some time,
much addicted to intemperance, and it is supposed
he threw himself into the well while laboring un
der mania from that cause. He was about thirty
five years of age, and left no family.
Codification of the Laws. —A n Act to pro
vide for the Codification of the Laws of Georgia
passed the House on Wednesday last. This Act,
according to the Federal Union, provides, That
on Friday, December 10th, IV.'*S,1 V .'*S, the General As
sembly of Georgia shall elect three commission
ers to codify the laws, which code shall embrace
all the laws in force, whether derived from stat
utes. common law. decisions of Supreme Court, or
constitutional provisions, and shall be modelled
upon the Code of Alabama. Commissioners to
have an adequate compensation, and to report to
the Legislature of 1861, and, wh. u adopted the
code shall supercede all other laws ol *>crv de
scription.
Another Paxwent from the State Road.—
The Federal Union of Saturday is informed that
tbe Treasurer of the State Iload has paid over to
the State Treasurer $25,000 as the net earnings of
the State Road for the month of November.
iU The State of Texas has granted forty-four
charters to railroad companies, of which seventeen
have been forfeited, leaving twenty-seven charters
still jn force. Os these, eleven are in progress of
construction, with an aggregate length when
completed of 2,223 miles.
From the Georgia Telegraph.
Push Him Bound.
Our editorial eon temporaries, far and near may
perhaps prevent crime and misfortune, and aid
the cause ol justice, by copying or making a
note of the subjoined;
During last summer ft person calling himself
James W. Geary, came to this place from'Orange
Spring, East Florida, and passed some three
or four months in this region. He had previous
ly formed a casual acquaintance with an estima
ble young lady of this place in East Florida,
where nothing was known to his prejudice, and
after prosecuting his suit here some months, and
satisfying her friends of his respectability and
wealth, succeeded iu marrying her. While here
he effected a contract for the purchase of Orange
Spring and Hotel in East Florida, and represent
ed that after a somewhat roving life and a suc
cessful quest of fortune in California, he had de
termined to locate there for the remainder of his
life. He advertised his Hotel, had a considerable
amount of printing done, and ordered supplies for
it from Savannah. About three weeks ago he
took his departure, leaving orders on his brother
in-law to pay his bills, and procured his endorse
ment to drafts on New York, amounting to 1800
dollars, which he cashed at the Manufacturer’s
Bank. After ho had gone, “doubts were sugges
ted by the bank, and a telegram to New York was
answered “no account with James W. Geary.”—
He was followed to Savannah—affected great
surprise at the answer—said there must be a mis
take, More telegraphing was had with no satis
factory result—and meanwhile he dodged by
way of Thunderbolt, escaped by tho Florida
boat, having sent forward his wife and servants
by a previous steamer to Orange Spring. While in
Savannah, he had made extensive purchases for
the Orange Spring Hotel, and collected from one
of the banks a deposit* of SSOO under oath that
lie had lost the eeritificate. He left the Florida
j boat atFernandina, and has been tracked over a
devious route, under different names, up iuto Sou
j them Georgia to Thomasvillc, where he entered
himself McGary, and collected again from an
agency, with the certificate of deposit©, the SSOO
:he had obtained from the Mother Bank in Sav
annah on oath that he had lost the certificate; and
after sundry other pecuuinry villainies, he is tra
ced up to Fort Valley, on the South-Western Rail
Road, where lie is lost sight of.
Brevity does not permit mentioning half of
Geary’s villainies—even to robbing the children,
lie is undoubtedly one of the most incorrigible
villains alive.
Geary, who was often in the office during
his sojourn in Macon, is about 5 feet Oincheshigh,
stout, wore a heavy beard, very black and a
luxuriant crop of hair, both of which were dyed.
He had a scar on his forehead, another, we are
told, in the back of his head, and a third on his
left shoulder. We suppose him to be about thirty
five years of age. His complexion is light, his
conversation prompt and intelligent; appearance
that of a gentleman. He wears eye-glasses in
reading.
COLUMBUS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1858.
Congress.
This body convened at the National Capital on
Monday last. From the signs of the times, we
infer that the great sectional issue will be allowed
to sleep during the present session, and give place
to questions connected with our foreign policy,
which press upon the National Legislature for
settlement.
Prominent among these stand our Mexican re
lations. What our Government should do iu or
der to enforce the adjustment of our claims, and
to protect our western frontier against the incur
sions of the savage tribes from the districts of
Sonora and Chihuahua, is a question involved in
some difficulty. Our people on those distant
borders are entitled to adequate protection from
the government; yet it is not easy to compre
hend in what way this can be afforded, without
violating the territory of Mexico. No permanent
security from their depredations can he obtained,
until the Savages are dislodged and driven from
the country. With regard to our claims, it were
sheer folly to expect their liquidation in the ordi
nary way. The bitter, deadly fends between the
rival factions of Mexico have exhausted every le
gitimate source of revenue, and are now sustained
by extraordinary levies and the most intolerable
and grinding exactions from the people. Never
theless, Congress is called upon to do something
in the premises.
Central American affairs are by no means, in a
i satisfactory condition. Our great and growing
interests on the Pacific absolutely demand the
opening and protection of the Isthmus routes.—
The operation of the Clay ton-Bulwer treaty has
been prejudicial to the United States iu that quar
ter. We have adhered strictly and rigidly to its
letter, while England has practically regarded it
as so much waste paper. The policy which each
nation has thought proper to pursue under its
own interpretation of the treaty, has resulted in
the steady growth of English influence on the
Isthmus, and a constant decay of our own. The
only remedy for this state of things, is the abroga
tion of that treaty and a rigid enforcement of the
Monroe doctrine. If, in addition thereto, Con
gress would repeal the “Neutrality Laws,” our
Central American relations would soon be upon
“rising ground.” There is one question of domes
tic policy, which will probably be forced upon the
attention of Congress—the tariff. Advantage will
be taken of the empty condition of the Treasury
to endeavor to secure an advance upon the present
rate of duty on imports. The iron interest, we
may anticipate, will be particularly active in this
behalf. All parties at the South, we are glad to
know, now regard this question in its proper as
pect. In the Southern vocabulary, that insidious
and alluring titlo “protection to Northern
try” is defined to mean “roM—o ° r
The interest of —rib-west, too, is identical
-,j. t£J ui of the South, upon this question, and,
hence, we do not fear any material change of the
present tariff. Thus we see that though we shall
have a short session, the subjects which claim a
discussion invests it with a very serious impor
tance,
Acknowledgements.
We feel under especial obligation to Capt. S. H
Hill, agent of Hamden’s Express, in this city, for
a copy of the President’s Message. The States,
(newspaper) will please accept our thanks for a
similar favor, in advance of our other Washington
cotemporaries. We are largely indebted, also, to
Mr. W. H. Pritchard, Agent of the Associated
Press at Augusta, Ga., for his repeated acts of
obligingness.
Congressional.
Washington, Dec, 7.—ln the Senate to-day
Mr. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, gave notice of his
intention, at an early day, to introduce a bill au
thorising a pension to he paid to the widow of
Gsn. Persifer F. Smith.
Mr. Howard, of New York, gave notice that he
would bring forward a similar measure to pen
sion the widow of Gen. Gaines.
The House considered the resolution of the last
session, for tho abrogation of the Clayton-Bnlwer
treaty. A motion to la}’ the resolution on the
table was negatived by a vote of ninety to nine
ty-three.
Both houses have adjourned until Thursday.
Monument to Gf.n. Quitman. —In the Miss
issippi Senate on Monday last, a resolution was
unanimously adopted, appropriating thirty thou
sand dollars to erect a monument to tho late Gen’
Quitman, at Natchez.
News by the Uvt rland Route.
Interesting Sew.from Arizona — Tla’ Itrrnltion
in Sovora—lndian Fight., etc.
Sr. Louis, Dec. 3, 1858.
The overland mail which arrived lust night
brought six passengers, among them Mr. Jle-
Kibben. M. C., of Calfornia, and Lieut. Motvry,
the delegate to Congress from Arizonia.
Lieut. Mowrv left Gila City on the 4th Novem
ber, at which time some hundred and fifty men
were digging gold, tho average yield being ten
dollars per day, with the rudest implement*. Ev
ery part of the country yet prospected iu the vi
cinity of the mines proved auriferous, and tjie
opinion was current among old miners that no
richer surface diggings exist, even in the most fa
vored portions of California. The mines are lo
cated on the neutral ground between the Yuma
and Pinos Indians, and thus no danger is appre
hended from hostile tribes.
A political meeting at Gila. November 4. pass
ed resolutions endorsing the action of the con
ventions held at Mcsila and Tuscon, and asking
Congress for a Territorial organization.
The Sonora Silver Mining Company were smel
ting a thousand ounces a week. Several other
mines were also being actively worked.
Lieut. Mowry brings several rich specimens
from the silver mines, also about S3OO in gold from
the Gila river diggings.
Lieutenant M. computes the population of the
Territory at 15,000, and gives glowing descrip
tions of the beauty of the agricultural and gra
zing resources of the country.
The mail route from San Francisco to Texas
is in tine order, with the exception ot the central
portion, which is in had condition, owing to loose
management and inferior stock,
Tbe first mail from Albuquerque to California
is ordered from the 35th parallel. Arizona road,
to Pinos, tbenee into California by the Butterfield
route.J
It was reported at Fort Smith that Lieuten
ant Beale would go into winter quarters. The
rumor that he had been attacked was disbe
lieved.
Mr. McKibbin reports that the Apaehec In
dians continued their depredations ou the fron
tier of Sonora and Arizona; seven out of a party
of eight had been recently killed by a body of
Mexicans, about forty miles from Fort Buchanau.
The revolution in Sonora was in full progress.
Gov. Pesqueira, had the least support of the rich
men aud merchants of the province, on account
of his failure to return a large sum of money bor
rowed from them, according to promise.
Capt. Stone was progressing sueessfully with
his surveys under tho recent contracts authorized
by the government.
Mr. Fickliu, reports the Camanches somewhat
troublesome, although they were not organized in
to bands of sufficiently large numbers to occasion
much alarm.
Mr. Edwards, one of Lieut. Bealo's party, who
had arrived at Fort Smith, reports the expedition
all well in camp on the South side of the Canadiau
river. Lieutenant Beale would proceed to Albu
quorque as soon as his escort, which was a short
distance behind, overtook him. The mail from
Neosho to Albuquerque was at Beale’s camp.—
Colonel Ross was in the neighborhood, resting
till Spring, before proceeding with the examina
tion of the surveys towards the Mohave and
Tejon.
Interested to the Catholic Cut ncu.—The
Spanish Government has laid before the Cortes a
bill for restoring to the clergy and the church
their former possessions. Not only the property
of the seoular clergy, lost by the revolution of
1855. is probably to be returned, but also that of
convents, which had been suppressed in former
years: and indemnification promised for all that
had already been sold in accordance with the law
of 1855. The total sum amounted to more than
3,000,060,000 reals, or about one hundred and
fifty millions dollars.
Synopsis of Department Reports.
Washington. Dec. 6.—Secretary Cobb, of the
Treasury Department soys that the expenses of
Government for the next fiscal year, will require
$73,250,000 —including $15,500,000 for the army,
$13,500,000 for the navy, and 8210,000 for the or
dinance department and fortifications.
Post Office Department. —Secretary Brown,
of the Post Office Department, recommends that
the franking privilege be abolished, and the issue
of stamps be substituted, lie deprecates the
transmission of heavy matter by mail—recom
mends the adoption of uniform rates of postage
at 5 cents—favors the establishment of a line of
mail steamers from San Francisco to Japan and
China. He-estimates the expenditures next year
at $14,750,600, and the receipts at $11,000,000.
Department of Tin-: Interior. —Secretary
Thompson, of the Interior Department, states that
the revenue received last year from the sales of
public lands, amounting to $2,000,000. He re
commends that the government shall cover all
lands containing the precious metals, and sell all
lands contain ing the baser metals. He advises the
extension of the pre-emption laws over the Terri
tory of Utah.
Navy Department. —Secretary Toueey re
commends an increase in the number of officers of
the Navy, of all classes; and favors the purchase
of all the vessels lately chartered for the Para
guay expedition. Ho also recommends the con
struction of ten light draught steamers.
War Department. —Secretary Floyd, of the
War Department, gives it as his opinion, that the
Nevajo and Camanehe war just commenced, will
prove to be fierce and bloody; but he states that
it will be vigorously prosecuted. He recommends
but few new fortifications, and those only at ex
posed points. His estimates for the next year are
$3,000,P00 less than the expenditures were lasi
[From tin? St. Louis Republican Dec. I.]
Condition of the Southern Pad lie Railroad.
At a recent meeting of the New Orleans subscri
bers to the stock of the southern Pacific railroad.
Col. Mills made some interesting and eucouraging
statement concerning the condition and prospects
of this road. From his statement we learn that
the parties who had forced the sale of the road in
Texas had been constituted by public opinion in
Harrison county, and flic country generally, to
agree to a compromise, the basis of wliiph had
been proposed by Dr. Fowlkes. The terms were
that a committee of live gentlemen should be ap
pointed to lay down the conditions of the compro
mise, and both parties entered into bonds of
$500,000 to abide by the decision of the commit
tee. The five gentlemen were selected on account
of their well-known intelligence and integrity, and
there could be no question that they would do
their duty in good faith to all parties. Their
award had already been published. Its most h*-
pertain feature was that the .stock should
provide for the paym--* amounts due to
tho pAmnnw men had forced the sale, in three,
/•.effort seven months. The amount of claims
made by tbe selling company was $32J,000, but
ho hud no doubt the committee would reduce the
total amount of their claims to $200,000. There
were some debts due by the company not inclu
ded, but they did not amount to much. He
thought that the meeting, on examining the state
of the affairs of the undertaking, would be satis
fied that they were iu a very wholesome condition,
notwithstanding the manner in which they had
been mismanaged.
The company has twenty-five miles of road
completed and in running order,at cost of $22,000
per mile, worth therefore, $550,000 j of land accru
ing they have 250,000 acres, which, at the low es
timate of Soper acre, will produce $1,080,000, ma
king a total of $1,630,000. Deducting $400,000
for the indebtness of the company, far above the
mark, as well as could be ascertained, would leave
$1,230,000 of unincumbered assets. On the com
pletion of fifty miles, at a corresponding cost, ma
king the amount of its value $1,100,000, there will
be 512,000 acres of land accruing, which, at the
same rate, will ho worth $2,560,000, and the State
loan of 300,000 making the total of tho assets then
$3,960,000. This would be an ample basis on
which to build the next fifty miles at a coat of sl,-
000,000 ; and in a like, or raher in a much great
er, ratio, the means of the company will be aug
mented as the work progresses. On the comple
tion of the road to the Rio Grande, a distance of
700 miles, at a cost of $20,000 per mile, it would
represent assets to the value of $14,000,000: the
land accruing, 7,168.000 acres, at the very low av
erage of $7,50, would represent $53,760,000 ; and
the eiwt of building the road being paid there
would be assets to the amount of $39,760,000 in
the posession of the company, and one of the best
paying roads in the world. The road extended
to the Pacific, a distance of 800 miles from El Pa
so, at a cost of $30,000 per mile, would still leave
the company §15,000,000 of*assets: and 1,500
miles of road completed, the annual revenue from
a year for repairs he had roughly estimated
that $12,500,000 or $15,500,000 which allowing
$3,000,000 in gross ; namely from 160,000 travel
ers, which is fewer than those who now cross the
continent, at S7O each, $10,500,000: from freight,
$3,000,000 ; from transportation of mails, troops,
subsistence, and material of war, $2,000,000.
A Beautiful Sketch.
We select the following beautiful picture from a
recently published address of Richard V. Cook,
Esq., of Columbus, Texas, on the Education and
lufluence of woman. It will touch the heart of the
reader. Seldom have we seen so many gems of
thought and pearls of feeling so beautifully blend
ed, or the idea of woman's mission so >vell and
truthfully expressed :
“I fancy a young man just emerging from the
bright elysium of youth, and commencing the
bright journey of life. Honest, noble and gifted
—the bread world to his warm hopes is the future
scene of afflueuce, fame and happiness. Under
his active energies, business prospers, and as a
consequence, friends come about him. Ere long
he meets a sensible and amiable girl, who wins
his heart, and loves and trusts him in return. He
doesn’t stop to ask what the world will say about
the match in ease he marries her. Not he. The
world is kicked out of doors, and the man deter
mines to be the architect of his own happiness.—
He doesn’t stop to inquire whether the girl’s
father is rich in the lands, and slaves and coin ;
but he marries her for that most honest and phi
liosophic of all reasons—because he lores her !
He builds his home in some quiet spot where
green trees wave their summer glories, aud where
bright sunbeams fall. Here is the Mecca of his
heart, towards which he turns with more than
Eastern adoration. Here he is a green island in
the sea of life, where rude winds never assail, and
storms never come. Here, from tho cares and
troubles of existence, he finds solace in the society
of her who is gentle without weakness, aud sensi
ble without vanity. Friends may betray him, and
foes may oppress ; but when towards homo his
weary ibotseps turn, and there beams upon him
golden smiles of welcome, the clouds lift from his
soul—the bruised heart is restored, and tho strong
muu made whole. I see the man fall into adversi
ty. Creditors seize his property, poverty stares
him iu the face and he is avoided on all Bands as
a ruined bankrupt. When he sees all gone—
frinds, credit and property —grief-stricken and
penniless, he seeks his humble home. Now does
the wife desert him too? Nay, verily! When
the Yvorld abandons and persecutes the man. she
draws closer to his side, and her affection is all the
warmer because the evil days ha\’o come upon
him. The moral excellencies of her soul rise su
perior to the disasters of fortune. .And when she
sees the man sit mournful and disconsolate, like
Themistocles by the Household Gods of Admethus
hers is the task to comfort and console. She re
minds him that misfortune has oft overtaken the
wisest and the best ; that all is neY r er lost while
health and hope survive; that she still is near to
love, to help and to encourage him. The man
listens, his courage rallies, and the shadows flee
from his heart: armed once more, he enters the
arena of life, industry and energy restore him
to competency; fortune smiles upon him, friends
return, and—
‘Joy mounts exulting on triumphant wings.”
Again the seen# shifts. I see the man stretched
weak and wasted on a bed of sickness. The
anxious wife anticipates every want and necessity.
Softly her foot falls upon the carpet, and gently
her hand presses the fervid brow’ of the sufferer.
Though the pale face gives evidence of her own
weariness and suffering, yet through the long
watches of each returning night, her vigils are
kept besides the loY'ed one’s couch. .At last dis
ease beleaguers the fortress of life, and the physi
cian solemnly Yvarns his patient that death is ap
proaching. Ue feels it too, and the last words of
love and trust are addressed to her. who is weep
ing besides his dying bed. And, in truth, the last
hour hath come. I imagine it is a fit time to de
part ; for the golden sun himself has died upon
the evening’s fair horizon, and rosy clouds bear
him to his grave behind the western hills ! Around
the couch of the dying man, weeping friends and
kindsmen .stand ; while the minister slowly reads
the words of promise :
“I am the Resurrection and the Life saith the
Lord ; he that belie vet h on me, though he were
dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and
believeth in me. shall never die.” $ lowly the
clock marks the passing moments, and silently the
sick man’s life is ebbing away. Slowly the cold
waters are rolling through the gateways of life.
And nwwrt,he death damp is on the victim’s
brow and the heart throbs its last pulsations, the
glazed eye opens and turns in one full, farewell
glance of affection upon the trembling weeper who
bends over him, and ere the spirit departs forever,
the angels hear the pale wife whisper—-“ I’ll meet
thee—l’ll meet thee in heaven !”
To the Colton Growers of Georgia.
And their Representatives at Milledgeville.
The Iron products of Pennsylvania are annual
ly $22,000,000.
This employs the capital of $5,000,000. It al
so gives employment and .subsistence to 5,000
working-men and many more women and chil
dren.
The Cotton crop of Georgia is estimated at
$25,000,000.
Tbe capital employed in Cotton making in
Georgia, estimating 4 bales per hand, and $lO per
acre for the land, and other things in proportion,
is $50,000,000 for land, stock, fcc., $60,000,000 for
negroes making $110,000,000.
This employs 125,000 negroes, besides owners,
overseers, Ac.
The Iron crop of Pennsylvania, annually em
ploying a capital of $5,000,000, and 6,000 men to
work it, i9 nearly equal to the ent it crop of Cot
ton in Georgia; employing a capital f sllO,-
000,000 and 125,000 hands.
Cherokee Georgia has Iron resources equal to
Pennsylvania and physical resources lo develop*
them. If developed, Cherokee Georgia would ;
make products nearly equal in value to the Cotton
products of the State.
Without the Rail Road, it cannot he developed.
The difference to Georgia would le millions of
Iron products besides those of the Farm, the
Orchard, the Garden and the Dairy, for export.
where she now imports, and pays for out of the
“Cotton crop. The Statesman who would antici
pate the grand spectacle, may sum up the items,
fill out the picture, and gaze with admiration.
Tho difference to the W. fc. A. Rail Road,
would be, the addition of freights from a Rail
Road traversing the Iron region of Etowah Val
ley, equal to all the way stations besides, put to
gether. This is true, because four miles of this
Road, just completed, now puts on and receives
from the State Road, more freight than is received
at any other Depot, and as much as ten of the
smaller depots put together, (See Dr. Lewis’ Ite
port.)
Georgia now imports millions of dollars worth
of Iron and Iron products; millions also of’
duets of the Farm, Orchard, rtnft 1 a,r 5‘
The Cotton pays for *-
Make it— arOn, Mod, Ac. at home, ns may w
and she saves millions for investment in
stead of spending it. She adds to her taxable re
sources, instead of paying tribute to others. She
increases her population, and retains men who
would leave her. She multiplies strong arms and 1
stout hearts for her defense, instead of feeding
and enriching those who habitually abuse and re
vile her.
Without this policy, what has she in prospect
but worn out soil and decaying institutions?
Where are her means of defense ? They are in
Cotton bales and negroes. Their lungs and their
tongues—they are in pen, ink and paper.
What is her resort but submission uncondition
al? What Nation of People ever did otherwise
than submit, who were fed and clothed by others,
and were even dependent on their oppressors for
their pruning hooks, as well as their swords, theii
guns and their powder? Who could fail to love
and respect the hand of the people who, in addi
tion to all this, sells us our beef, our hay, our but
ter and cheese, our potatoes, onions and cabba
ge*?
Would it not be wise to avail ourselves ofthi
amiable trait of human character and afford it a
chance for exercise towards our mountain popi
lation ?
The cotton planters may answer! A word to the
wise is sufficient.
The HtatisticsVjf Iron and its products considerd
relatively in regard to the South and tbe North are
equally interesting.
Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgi •,
Alabama, Tennessee and Arkansas, (saying noth
ing of the vast, resources of Texas,) have Iron Ore,
equal in quality and more abundant, than all the
Northern States together.
There are made in the United States, about
800,000 tons of Iron, which costs the consumers
$60,000,000. This much, and 500,000 tons more,
of foreign Iron, is consumed in the U. S. A to
tal of 1.300,000 tons consumed, at cost to the
consumers of $97,500,000. Os this, there is con
sumed in the Southern States nearly one half,
40,000,000 worth. The produce comparatively
but little, suppose $10,000,000 worth. This leaves
$30,000,000 to be annually paid by the South for
Iron, made by others.
It is paid out of the cotton crop directly or indi
rectly.
The cotton crop is equal to $150,000,000. Os
this $30,000,000 goes to pay for Iron. How much
more is paid foFhay, butter, cheese, beef, apples,
potatoes, cabbages, onions, garden seeds and
flower-roots, the merchants can tell. And all of
this is paid by the South, with better resources
than the North, serving to insure our dependence,
to make us love, respect and submit to the North,
whilst we feel anything but respect, regard or in
terest in or for our mountains and all that there
in are.
Annually, for thirty years, has the South by
its best bred gentlemen and ladies, in their rich
est costume —hat in hand —called on the North,
leaving their cards.
For thirty years these calls have not been re
turned. Year after year we ring their parlor bells
and leave our visiting cards* —They print, our
curds and male our I is-—whilst we pay for the
cards and hells—and ri > ; oneself s. But the
calls are not returned. W hat we iu return
every one knows.
At home, if we call on a neighbor and he does
not return it, self-respect forbids a second call.—
For our Northern neighbors we swallow our self
respect and repeat the call, and get our d'Hires
and our food, our offices and titles of JTonor—ou
their own terms.
If our statesmen are wise, they will stimulate
the products of our Farms, our Orchards. Gar
dens and Daries—if not of the Iron and Mineral
regions. The Cotton Planter is interested in
these matters and will reflect. Respectfully,
MARK A. COOPER
New Construction of Rails for Railways.
—An invention has been brought forward in Lou
don, which has for its object the construction of
rails for railways in such a manner as to secure
the necessary strength with a less weight of metal
than is at present required, or employed. The
greatest strain to which a railway rail is subject
ed being in a direction obliquely downward and
outward, it has long been a desideratum to con
trive a fornijof rail that, with the necessary breadth
of to]) and bottom, should contain along the con
necting portion or web a continuous substance of
metal in the line of the greatest strain. These
requisites have been sought to be combined iu tbe
forms familiarly known as she I or 11 rail, and in
verted T rail, in which a solid continuity of sub
stance is presented in the line of greatest strain ;
both of these rails, however, contain much metal
in the head that is unnecessary and useless, and
which is dispensed with in this new invention,
which consists in forming an inverted T rail with
an aperture of hollow space extending lengthwise
through the thick upper portion of the rail. It is
said to cohnbine great strength and durability.
Judge Jackson’s Speech.
The Washingto Union of Friday last contains
Judge Jackson’s Milledgeville speech. Com
menting on the speaker’s allusion to Mr. Buchan
an the editor says—
The tribute which Judge Jackson pays to Mr.
Buchanan is as just as it is eloquent; and is the
more valuable as coming from one whose reigna
tion-of the position he held abroad was doubtless
made in deference to a rule laid dowirby the Pres
ident in regard to his foreign appointments—a
rule which many of our diplomats would be apt
to feel as operating harshly in their cases. The
tribute of Judge J. is that of one who has given
up and is not asking office ; of one who has been
removed from those excitements of American pol
itics which so prejudice the judgment and jaun
dice the vision of resident citizens; and who, scan
ning the conduct of our present administration
from a European stand-point, sees only with the
eyes and speaks only with the feelings of a pa
triot.
Excavations from the Ruins or Carthage.
—-A private letter received in this city from Tu
nis, .Algiers, states that on the 20th of October,
H. B. M. steamer Supply arrived at that port
PEYTON H. COLQUITT, > Edit
JAMES W WARREN. S ’
Number 49
from Malta, for the purpose of taking on board
forty-five eases, containing Mosaic and Punic
inscriptions, which were taken from the ruins of
Carthage. Some of the Mosaics are represented
as being quite beautlfnl and of large *size—one
piece measuring fifteen feet by six feet. The ca
ses generally measure about eight feet square.—
Besides the inscriptions several pieces of statuary
and architecture, were also put on the Supply.—
These articles are to be taken to London and pla
ced in the Museum there. Both the English gov
ernment and people seem to take great interest in
the excavation of ihese ruins, and the former has
been liberal iu supplying money for the purpose.
Wash-inf/trm Star.
The Progress ol Population in the United Slates.
We republish from the Albany Atlas and Argus
a suggestive article on the progress of population
iu this country and its effect upon our political
system. It is not to be disguised that tho great
West and Southwest, which now constitute what
may be termed the garden of the States, in the
earlier history of the government have been trea
ted rather as minors and dependants than as stal
wart and powerful adults. This was perfectly
natural : because it is scarcely a quarter of a cen
tury since ibe. whole Wain of the Lakes aud tho
Valleys of the Mississippi and Missouri were vir
gin forests and prairies. Illinois, which now
claims the fourth rank in the household, twenty
years ago was a mere wilderness. So were Indi
ana, Michigan, Wisconsin, lowa, Minnesota, and
Missouri. These States had not entered the lists
as producers ; they had no commerce except that
which was embraced in the transportation of emi
grants and their effects. Cleveland, Detroit, Chi
cago, Mihvaukie, and St. Louis were little fron
tier village, with high-sounding city names and
enormous expectations, which no sane man
thought v\ uld be realized. Now they are power
ful municipalities, with elaborate systems of police
and government, and the marts of a great com
merce )>a -d upon the productions of the States
in which they are situated, and linked together
by a net-..ork of roads and canals, which have
literally ? ..‘moved all the obstacles of distance, and
equalized tin* value of property throughout the
whole in oriur of the country. The American
people have witnessed these wonderful events of
their recent history without realizing their effects
upon our political system—without regarding
them as a controlling power in the legislation of
the com.try, able to dictate measures of policy to
the government. Those who reflect upon public
affairs will be able to see, at a glance, tho direc
tion of empire in this country. They will see it
in thoV'iuplctc works of improvement in the West
constructed and conducted by individual enter
prise—by increasing and rapidly-extending popu
lation over the interior country —in the compara
tive decline of the East and augmentation of tbe
West in the national legislature, and in the con
trol which the latter are soon destine*! co oxe**
upon the general industry commerce of the
whole Union. , , , ,
Tk,. .ocent measures adopted by the government
to open inter-continental highways between the
river settlements and the Pacific States, will soon
present anew phase of our affairs which will com
mand the attention of statesmen and philosophers.
The immense resources of the interior, which
could only he reached and developed by organized
government, are now brought within the scope of
our emigrant people. What has been done in the
lake and river States remains to be done on tho
eastern and western slopc> of the mountains.—
The current of population which, less than forty
Years ago, invaded and subdued western New
York and Ohio, and has since covered Indiana,
Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, lowa, Minnesota,
Missouri. Kansas, and Nebraska, is still moving
on with accelerated steps to the West and South
west. It is neither desirable uor possible to cheek
this current or turn it aside. It now commands,
in connection with tiie South-western regions of
the Union, an empire of production and a prosper
ity greater than the world has ever before seen;
and its industry and wealth constitute, after all,
the vital power which animates the business of tbe
Atlantic States.
Our industrial System can never be said to be
complete till all tbe fountains of wealth which lie
hidden in the earth shall have been developed.
This we apprehend, should be a rule to guide pol
iticians and statesmen. As wo have no power to
stop the wheels of progress, aud as every advance
in the way of unfolding our resources has added
wealth and prosperity to tho nation, the lesson is
too complete to be overlooked or neglected. The
legislation of the country should be in harmony
with its interests and its evident destiny.— U aA
ton Union.
Compliment to Judge Shorter.
We learn from the Talladega Watchtower, that
the bar complimented Judge Shorter with an im
promptu supper at that place, where court was
then in session, on Thanksgiving night. Among
the guests were Judge Bierce, of Ohio, and Mr.
Duval of Montgomery, the State Superintendent
of education. Judge Shorter responded to a sen
timent complimentary to tho Judiciary of Ala
bama, in his usual happy manner, and concluded
by proposing, “The Talladega Bar, may its fu
ture success be as glorious as its past attainments.”
Hon: J. L. M. Curry, the representative of the
Talladega District in Congress, was toasted and
made a speech. “Tbe chairman of the committee
ou Federal Relations” brought out Gen. James
B. Martin, who occupied that position in the last
Legislature, and who thought “the time for reso
lutions had passed, and that the hour for action
had come.” lUe venture to say that a report
more true, appropriate and concise never emanated
from any committee, and wc hope our federal re
lations will take it as notice of our intention to
quit, on the election of a Black Republican presi
dent, if not sooner. Altogether, the supper must
have been a genial and delightful affair, not only
bestowing a well merited compliment upon an ex
cellent Judge, but constituting one of those ‘hap
py reunions,’ that help to make up the poetry of
life. Certainly he must be more or less than man
who can read the graphic and glowing account of
the Watch tower’s correspondent, without regret
ting th?*t this is all that fate permitted him to see
of so agreeable an entertainment. —Enfanla Spirit
of the South.
Tiie Vintage.— Tho following letter (says the
Washington Union, from an extensive owner of
vine-yards in France to an English resident ill
Pans.) contains some interesting observations on
the vintage of the present year:—ln the depart
ments in which the renowned sorts of wine are
produced, the wines will be equal to what we call
vins de la cometc —a sacramental phrase for good
wines, ever since the yoar 1811, when a comet 1
caused great fear to feeble-minded people. In
tbe departments in which, like that of the Her
ault, cheap wines are produced, the abundance is
extraordinary ami the quality good. There have
been some bunches of grapes, rare it is true, 7 cen
timetres, (2% feet long.) In some vineyards 400
hectolitres (8,800 gallons) of wine per hectar (2)4
acres) have been obtained. Certain owners have
made 20,000 hectolitres; others 25,000 ; and there
are even some who have obtained 35,000. Now
you knoYv that the consumption of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is about
35,000 hectolitres. The selling price of wine, to
be taken at the owner’s, (the purchaser finding his
own casks,) has fallen as low as 2f. the hectolitre
—9 centimes the gallon. That is exceptional, it
is true: but for 4 cents a gallon you may have as
much wine as you like.
Missionaries to Utah. —The Philadelphia
North American thinks the present a favorable
time to send missionaries to Utah, to Cbristionizo
tho Mormons. The Saints will not be likely to re
gard this proposition as very complimentary to
their professed sanctity. That paper says:
“Here is an admirable opportunity for benevo
lence of any kind to exercise itself. Good men,
and—better still—good and true women, who are
prepared to endure, meekly and courageously,
hardships, toil, danger, and, perhaps, insult and
ingratitude—women of the same temper as Flor
ence Nightingale—will find the Mormon country
just tbe place for them. They must be prepared
to suffer and work, unknown and unrewarded of
men ; but still enjoying tbe secret consciousness
of doing good. They will find thousands of un
happy sisters, and thousands of cbildrem almost
uneared for; thousands of poor, ignorant and dis
tressed people, whom they may teach to call them
blessed. With such protection as the federal au
thorities will now, wo trust, afford in Salt Lake
City, we believe that benevolent and Christian ef
fort may, with safety, be made amongst the Mor
mons, and with the happiest results.”
Petersburg Convention. — Petersburg, Va.
Dec. 4. —The democratic Convention has nomina
ted tho lion. John Letcher, as a candidate for
Governor. He was subsequently nominated by a
unanimous vote. It is said that Mr. Letcher’s
most bitter opponents concede that he will be elec
ted by 17 or 18,000 majority.
J. R. Tucker Yvas nominated as the candidate
for Attorney General.
The delegates are discussing the claims of the
caniddatee for Lieutenant Governor.
The Convention will, in all probability, adjourn
to-night.