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R. CO., Proprietors.
Volume XVifk.
10U HBIB, TIKSIIAV. , m
The Drama.
Os Mr. Fleming anil his dramatic corps ou ;1
visit to this city the Savannah Itrfmbliean eiho
2!lth remarks :
The short season just now [.assed —ending fiy
the present this evening—has been highly sue-’
eeesfut, so far at least, as the efforts of Mr. Flem
ing and his corps are concerned. The public has i
not responded with houses as good as were tleserv- i
cd. but it is tlie beginning of trie season, and one
marked by the intense business application of most !
of the the Athenaum. The next !
representation in order, beginning on tl* Mb of i
Deceiniier, will be the English Opera. Meanwhile j
the dramatic corps will make a visit to Columbus 1
where they will open oil Monday evening next, ami
then at Macon—returning here hi two or three
weeks, or as soon as the season shall f
have passed. We warmly recommend .Mr. Flern- j ,
mg and Iris company to the theatrical public of j j
Colmnhtis and Macon, and trust they will return j I
to us well satisfied with theirvisit If they do not i 1
make a good impression amt draw good houses, *
we shall (Mtw4ly Tliey ♦lcs , erveeii- t
couragement. not only for this year's Imslness, butH c
as an earnest of the future.
On Thursday evening ‘Mr. Fleming made his
first appearance as Hamlet. He conceives the
part so well, and plays with-so much correct feel
ing, that we are not surprised at his preference far
the tragic muse, but we adhere to our opinion, that
there is too much heavy w*rk and hard study for
the other aetirs in these great Shakesperiun pieces j
—let alone the foot that they ha\ e been played over .
much, of late years, and that the public taste sets f
strongly in favor of those comedies which arc I
based upon the realities of 6ur own time. Mr.
Fleming,had no reason to be dissatisfied with his j
reception—and that by a fair house—thel*estof !
the season. In view of this fact, we are not sure
that our own impressions are those most accepta
ble to the lovers of histrionic art.
The last representation will take place this even
ing for Mrs. Fleming a benefit, and we can bespeak
for her a good house. She has many friends and
admirers here already, and we are sure they will
not, be unmindful of her claims. “Ingomar” is the
play selected for this occasion, with Mr. Fleming
in the principal character, being his third appear
ance : Mrs. Fleming as “Parthema.” The aft***-
piece will be “I'nc!* Bum, ‘ in which Mr. Kemble
*rill appear. Mrs. F. will sing two of her popular
ballads between the piece-,.
I tiitcil states Senatorial Election.
Coi.rmri .v. .3. F.. Sov. 27, P. M.—There were
two unsuccessful ballots in the South Carolina
Legislature to-day, for United States Senator.—
The second ballot resulted thus :
Ex-Gov. Adams. 37 I John McQueen. 2% j
(\ t. Meminger, 80 j Col. Maiming, 21 j
11. B. Khett. 21 James Chestnut, 21 |
The Next Umtku States Senate.—The
United States Senate—which convene* in De- j
cemHcr. IS 69, and ends.on the Ith of March.* TSfti
-—will be constituted politically as follows :
Northern Democrat-, 9 j South’n Opposition 2 j
Southern Democrats. 28 j North'n Opposition 26 j
As Oregon will undoubtedly be admitted into
the Union this winter, with her two United States ‘
Senators, the Democrats will have twelve majority j
over the Opposition ou all political questions.—
This estimate; gives the Opposition a Senator in
New Jersey and one in Minnesota, which it is j
very doubtful whether they will obtain.
waro's Letters. —The very interesting and valu
able letters written by Gen. Thomas S. Mood
word, now of Louisiana, to the Senior editor of
the Mail and to other persons in Alabama, con
cerning the early history of Alabama, especially :
iu connection with the first Creek Indian Wai, j
will shortly be issued from the press in Montgom
ery. in pamphlet form. These letters will make a j
neat little volume of about one hundred and t wen- j
ty-five pages, and will be retailed at half a dollar
each, or sold in quantities of twenty or over, at
twenty-five cents a copy.
Several of the letters have not yet appeared in
print, and will be read with much satisfaction by
all who feel an interest in our early history.
Orders may he addressed to tbe publisher? of j
the Montgomery Mail, enclosing the money.
Pacific Railroad.—A petition has been pro
pared and circulated for signatures, praying Con
venes to provide for the construction of a double j
track railroad from tbe Atlantic to the Pacific,
with a collateral telegraph—the work to lie done :
by ten distinct companies, in as many sections,
each being paid its share ot one hundred millions
of dollars as its work may be done. No lands are
to be given: none but American iron and other
materials of American manufacture must be used
the fan’ for through passengers must never ex
ceed three-fourths of a cent per mile, and the whole
work must be completed within five years. For
the construction of a road upon these conditions,
the petitioners say they “will erer pray. We do
not doubt it.—-V. Time*.
A Necbo R inxisg fob Refbeskstative in
Maine. —An election for Representative, to fill the
place ofWm. Chase, resigned, took place in Port
land, Me., on the lrith inst. Neal Dow, the great
temperance and negro-equality champion, and a
colored man. named Peter Fraud*, were the prin
cipal competitors. There being but an indifferent
selection for candidates, comparatively few votes
were east, but the people generally preferred tbe
white man to the Republican of a darker shade,
and so ‘'temperance and freed,!*i triumphed by
a majority of seven hundred and seventy-two
votes.
yjg- A despatch from Washington to the K.T. J
Herald, states that
The history of the claims of our citizens against j
foreign governments, called for t.y Senator Benja- j
min’s resolution, is progressing rapidly at the De
partment of State, and will be presented to the :
Senate at the earliest possible day. The amount ;
involved will be found to be very heavy* probably j
over fifty millions of dollar-.
That portion of the President's forthcoming
Message referring to Mexican affairs, will show a j
strange State of things. The claims of American j
citizens against Mexico amount to about fifteen
millions of dollara^^^^^^^
A Spirited Trotting Match.
St. Loris, Nov. 26.—An exciting trotting j
match came off here yesterday, between Honda j
Temple and Reindeer, for a purse of one thous- j
and dollars. The purse was given to Reindeer, j
in consequence of a collision in the second heat, I
which was attributed to foul play oh the part of j
Florida's rider. .
Minister to France.
Washington. Nov. 27.—The most intimate
friends of the lion. Howell Cobh, Secretary of the
Treasury, deny the authenticity of the report that
he will be scut as Minister to France.
Kansas Matters.
Washington, N0v.27.-Authentic advices have
been received from Kansas, which’ state that
Montgomery and his band have been indicted, and
the entire party arc now eluding an arrest,
yjp- Prof. Morse has just received in Paris the
instalment (100,000 francs.) of the testimonial of
•he ten European powers.
From the Daily Fedt rilfl uion.
HcNiguation of lion. K. Ward.
# SENATE.’
Satt rday. November 27.
Mr. Hill of Harris introduc'd a set of llesolu
! iioos as follow^:
V\ hereag; we have learned with profound regret
i that the Honorable John £. “Ward of the county
of (’hatham, is about to resign his seat as Sena
tor. Therefore be it llesolvoo. rhat hiffcoiifieetion
with us has been agreeable, urbaqe amimanly.aml
a* President of the Senate, lie has shjfwn himself
prompt, impartial and efficient. That; Chatham
■ county, will loose a faithful Representative, and
j the Senate of Georgian presiding officer second to
( ione. In his contemplated mission, may the
j Euler of all things guard and proteet him in the
| land of the Stranger and so shape Ids labors that
j they may redound to the interest and glory of
China and America. The resolutions were taken
I 11 P read, and passed without a dfceenting voice.
The Hon. John E. Ward then arose and ad
\ dressed the Senate as follows:
Senators:—/The relafionshship which has so
long, and on my part, so pleasantly existed be
tween us. is about to be terminated. When more
than twelve months since I 4 was elevated by your
kindness, to the position which I am now about
to resign into your % hands, and vested with the
uower* which I now surrender back to you: ffom
tnis plaee 1 gave toe pieuge, mui i nuuin *n
charge the duties of that position—that l would
exercise those powers faithfully, honestly and
. impartially: how far I have been enabled to re
deem that pledge is for your decision. On my
; part, as your presiding officer. I hare received
! only respect and kindness. H would be strange,
indeed, if I could, without regret, part from such
’ a body. If.l could, without emotion, to such men.
I would say farewell. Upon that floor, as tbe Se
nator from the county of Chatham, I have en-
I deavored to be true alike to my immediate con
stituents, and to the people of this State.
Engaged as wo have been, in the discussion of
f questions of most intense and exciting interest
to Our constituents—questions, in the solution of
which, within the broad limits of our State, there
was no man too rich, no man too poor to he in
different. It was certainly not to have been ex
pected, hardly to have been desired, that there
should not have been an earnestness which may
have produced irritation, perhaps temporary
alienation.
I But all this must long since have passed away,
! before tbe consciousness that each Senator was hut
stniggling to advance or to defeat such measures
as he believed would promote or injure the best in
terests of his State.
Popular applause in this country is the due,
the only reward of the faithful public servant. I t
is most natural, that he should seek so win, and
when Avon, to prize it. vet he mav sometime- u
enlled ipon to misrttgitimate object
ot ambition, to tread*the rugged path of duty.
God give me strength ever thus to act, though
even’ friend forsake, and I be doomed to Avalk
that path alone.
I had hoped that our separation would have
keen only at the close of the present session, but
1 hrfve been suddenly summoned to enter upon
f the discharge of other duties. In their perform
I anec, I must leave my State and my country. If
; i may but promote the prosperity of that State,
i and advance the interest- of that country, my am
! bition will have been gratified.
Neither time nor distance can efface from my
memory the recollection of Georgia. Beneath
her bright sun, fortune rocked iny cradle! By
her sea-girt shore Avas the home of my infancy,
the play-place of my childhood ! Beneath her
sod, moulder the ashes of the loved and lost.
I may have differed from many of her true sons
upon that policy which would best promote her
glory. In the hour of her prosperity, with peace
and plenty Avithin her borders, in t.lie contempla
tion of her own motto. I may have too closely
studied “modkrationv’ but jlet the storm gather
around her. let her be plunged into conflict, ( right
or wrong,) with any power under the canopy of
Heaven, and wherever duty or pleasure may have
called me, in whatever service I may lieengugcd.
her first cry. echoing across lands and seas, ami
oceans, shall strike upon my car, and as the weary
child flies for rest to its mother’s arms, so will I
hack to her bosom, to mingle with her sons, with
them to triumph, or with them to fall.
Senators: The hour having arrived when, by 1
your rules, I am required to declare the Senate .
adjourned until :> ;> clffKjni. 1
Secretary, as your presiding officer, I have per
formed mv last official act. As vour companion
and friend I bid you farewell:
Allen a land Male.
i Rv reference to onr advertising columns it will
Ibe seen tlmt Judge Allen is a candidate for the
; Judgeship at the ensuing election. This an
! uouncemcnt may well take every otte by surprise,
i for reasons we will mention.
Isr.lle owes his election to the place he now or
eupios, to the nominttHoii ofthe Democratic party
; which hechecrfuly accepted, and took the benefit
: of. He now repudiates the action of that party.
2d. He plainly avowed himself not a candidate
for re-elccthm, liy a letter published in the Bain
bridge Argns. He now repudiates that.
J.H’.eforc the convention assembled which made
| the present nomination, he gave his assurance, in
’ writing, that ‘die could not consent to retire(trom
; the candidacy) onlv at the bidding of the Dem
ocoatie party—that there would, be presumed,be
Ia Convention, and that he should most ehcerfnlly
! abide its action.” He notv rrj.nfiiatr* that.
4th. He declined to lie a candidate to nroid a
! “heated contest.” He now repudiate* that, be
i comes a candidate to ftrodttve a “heated contest.
■ Tbe frequent reversal of Jttdge Allen by the
I shipremo Court has been the snbject of complaint,
i It can l>e said in his defence, that this he could
uot help. But the public cannot excuse such re
• versals of hiiMclf.—AUtang Patriot.
i More Groaxixg Usher Railroad Taxes.—
i The farmers of Dubuque, lowa, who allow ed the
! county to subscribe their credit to the Dubuque
■ aud Pacific Railroad, now want to get rid of pay
j ing the interest, as the railroad pays nothing.—
The Philadelphia Ledger says!
■ They have determined to test the constitution
’ ;l litv of the question as to whether they are bound
Ito pay the railroad tax. The ground on which it
I is resisted is, that the railroad company did not
: comply with the conditions of the loan. This
! wottld’be a much better and lionester plea in a suit
against the railroad company than against those
who iu good faith purchased the bonds. A\ bile
the farmers of lowaare grumbling at paying debts
already contracted, they have another scheme be
fore them proposing that the .State issue a loan
and assume a debt of tenor fifteen millions ot dol
lars to aid certain railroads which will tax the
■ i people as many dollars as they now pay cents.—
. The argument is that it will benefit the State. If
■ 1 it docs not benefit the State there will be luture
arguments for repudiating the debt.
The Paraguay Fleet Wanted fur Met leu.
We printed yesterday an interesting letter from
•m ex-British naval officer to the Loudon Daily
upon the subject ,of the expedition which
s our government has just despatched to Paraguay.
From the care and circumstantiality evinced hi
■ this letter there can be but little doubt that its
I facts and conclusions have been drawn from the
1 Dictator himself. The writer of the cummumea
: tion in question has. it appears, lately arrived m
London from Asuncion, with the Paraguayan
• youth who went to London by Lopez s orders to
: finish their education. The writer attempts to
excuse the attack of Lopez’s forts upon the W atcr
| “Witch, and defends Lopez against the statements
1 made bv the American company, which claims
indemnity for having been broken np after recog
nition bv the Dictator. Further, the writer pleads
! favor of Paraguay, saying that we can rum
her if we so desire, and though there is here and
I there a little bravado, yet tlie thing looks through
out a good deal like a white flag or an olive
Nmv to set the matter right before the people,
we"avail! remind our English cotemporary of <me
j’ act . Quj government has sent a special com-
I missionin’ to Paraguay to arrange certain mutters
in dispute between the governments, ibat com
i tnis-ioner is escorted by a respectable naval force,
S but he goes on a mission of peace, and proceeds
1 to the capital alone, and exactly in the same_u.au
! ner that anv ordinary diplomat, nndor ordinary
circumstances, would adopt. Ho will investigate
everything and act fairly and liberally in every
wav! The contingency that the fleet will be used
for anything more than a show is so remote as to
i be almost beyond the bounds of probability,
i pez will find Judge Bowlin prepared to treat with
Paraguay in a perfectly fair way.
It is well, however, that this Paraguayan fleet
has been fitted out. It is not at all improbable
i that iu view of theeomplieation of Mexican aflairs
there w ill be work for it in the tlulf. where the
vessels should be concentrated immediately, ami,
with as many more as can lie got ready for sea. or
dered to watch the operations of Spain, which
■ Power supported by France and England, now
, menaees MeXico. Our interests forbid us to th.nk
THH UNION’ OP THE STATES, AMI THE SOVEREIGNTY OP THE STATES.
fora moment of allowing any of these Powers to
obtain a hold upon the frohtier of the United
States. Bo are the nearest neighbor of Mexico,
and must shieldher from the attacks of European
Powers. As soon as possible the Paraguay fleet
should be mustered under the guns of tin a Juan dc
Uloa. The Paraguay affair is a flea bite in com
parison with the great events that arc coming iu
the Gulf.—.V. Y. j/r,
senators From North Carolina.
We learn from Raleigh that a caucus of the
democratic members of the North Carolina legis
lature has agreed upon candidates for the federal
Senate to till the vacancy occasioned by the resig
nation of Judge Biggs, and the one about to oc
cur by the expiration of Gov. Reid’s term of ser
vice.
We are glad to learn that for the first of these
vacancies Mr. Clin gin an has been nominated by
acclamation : and, as the democratic nomination
is equivalent to an election, we have the happi
ness to congratulate>Mr. (Vs numerous friends
;md political admirers of his certain election to
the senate.
For the prospective vacancy we learn tliar.gfter
a few ballottings, Governor Thomas Bnigg, the
present able and popular Executive of North
Carolina, has been named by his party. We ex
ceedingly regret the loss of so sterling a democrat
as'Senator Reid from the federal legislature, of
whib. he has lieen one of the most useful mem
bers along time, and regret that considerations
of locality should have operated to his prejudice
as a resident iu the western portion of the Slate :
but, if Ave must needs lose Mr. Reid, no man from
all eastern North Carolina could have been found
more acceptable by reputation to the democrat*}
of the Union than Gov. Bragg.
North Carolina may well be congratulated on
the prospect of being represented, in the Senate
by tAvo gentlemen of t he ability and popularity of
Messrs. Cliugraau and Bragg. B ’auk. futon.
.lambi Taken b> the butch.
One of the items brought by the steamship City
of Baltimore, and published in yesterday's Herald,
was thatJambi was taken by the Dutch. It is
almost identical with the old joke that the Dutch
had taken Holland. Janibiis a town of Sumatra
—one of those Dutch islands in the Indian archi
pelago made familiar to American readers by Capt.
Gibson’s romantic story of the Castle of AVelfevrc
den. Jamhi is a small town on the id and of Sum
atra, having a population of only some three thou
sand. and being the capital of an independent State
fff the same name. The inhabitant* are Malays,
and are not much troubled with religious ideas!—
If the invaders had belonged to any other race of
people than the Dutch, avc might. i
ignorance of “ quarrel, have been led
illi.o me supposition that the missionary enterprise
was at the bottom of it. As it is. we must be sat
isfied with the supposition that thy Jainbese peo
ple had given some cause of offence to the Dutch
authorities at Palembaug. and that this was the
teterrium causa belli. Whatever the cause of
quarrel, however, Jambi is iu possession of the
Dutch, and, as it does not appear that they arc
treading on our corns, we may wish them good
bargain in it. Conquest and annexation seem to
be the order of the da w Whose turn next? -V. Y
th ru Id.
[From flic < olumfiia < arolmiam Nov. -J7.J
The Slave Tradeßeno I litlons am! Speech of Mr.
Mazyck.
The interest felt in the case of the slaver Echo,
about to he tried in the Federal Court in this dis
trict bus madeitself manifest thus early in the
Senate of the State, in the following resolutions
introduced into that body by Senator Mazyff k :
UcHolvcd. That the Constitution ol the I'nited
States contains no grant of power to regulate, pre
vent or restrict commerce among foreign relations:
and, therefore, all acts of Congress purporting to
prohibit or interfere with the slave trade, between
foreign countries, are unconstitutional, and have
no rightful force or effect. *
Jl'-Holccd, That the avt of Congress declaring
the slave trade to be piracy, if it be understood as
affirming that it is piracy in the nature of things,
and iu the sense of the Constitution, affirms Avhat
is not true: and inasmuch as it purports and in
tends to convert into piracy what is not so in the
( nature of things, and in the sense of the ('onstitu-
I (IQJI, the riajil ar-t *► null ami
I tty a vote of twenty-five yeas, to fifteen nays, the
i resolutions ay ere referred to the Committc on fed
eral Relations.
tlirisihtuil) in t lilna.
It is not a little remarkable that four of the most
powerful nations of the earth, in negotiating with
the most populous of all the Pagan nations, should
have united, as they have done, in securing iu
that nation the free diffusion of the Christian re
ligion. The Russian Treaty secures “protection
for all who shall embrace Christianity, the same
as enjoyed by other religionists tolerated in the
Empire.”
The American Treaty secures lliat, “Any per
sons, whether American citizgns or Chinese con
verts, who, according to its tenets, peaceably teach
and practice the principles of Christianity, shall,
in no ease, be interfered with or molested.
The English Treaty says : “ Persons teaching or
professing Christianity, shall be entitled to pro
tection,” Ac.
The French Treaty runs: “No obstacle shall
be interposed by the Chinese authorities to the re
cognised right of any persons in China to embrace
Christianity, obey its requirements, without being
subject to any penalty. Missionaries to be un
molested,” ic.
These treaty stipulations show, says the Boston
Traveler:
1. That the Christian religion has a command
ing power in the sentiments of the rulers of the
most powerful nations ol the earth, it is a recog
nized institution of great moral value, and is pro
vided for ill the most solemn transactions between
the empires of the earth.
”. That Christianity was to die in less than fit
ly years, was the confident anticipation of the
most distinguished infidels who were oil tile earth
half a oentury ago. These treaties show it has
lived. These prophets, where are they ?
3. These treaties will conduce, beyond ques
tion. to the rapid spread of tiie Christian faith
throughout the long benighted Empire ot China,
removing many hitherto formidable obstacles.
4. This recognition of Christianity as un insti
tution. and providing for its protection as it
spreads, is a powerful encouragement to its friends
to use their most vigorous efforts for it.- universal
diffusion.— Char. Courier.
France.
The following letter, addressed by the Emperor
Napoleon to the Trince Napoleon, Minister ol
Algeria and the Colonies, appears in the Paris
Moniteur :
St, Clot and, October 30.
Mu Dtar'Cousin I have the liveliest desire
that, at the moment when the difference with 1 l|r
tugal relative to the C’harles-et-Ocnrges Ims ter
minated, the question of t lie engagement oi tree
laborers on the African coast should be definitely
examined and finally settled on the truesfepnuci
ples of humanity and justice.
I energetically claimed from Portugal the resti
tution ofihe Cbarles-ct-Ueolges. because I will
always maintain intact the independence of the
national flag: and. in this case, it was Only with
the profound conviction of my right t hat * 1 risked
with the Kioftnf Portugal a rapture of those
friendly relations which I alu glad to maintain
with him. _ , , ....
But as to the principle of the engagement ot the
negroes, lnv ideas are far from being settled. //,
in trull,, laborer, recruited on the Ajrtcan-no
are not allowed the af thorjrce mil. and
if thin enrolment Is ouly the dare-trade ,nd,re.
f will have it on no term* ; for it is not 1 who n iff
a,,.,, where protent enterprise contrary toprogrtv,
I beg Vtfa ‘"hen, to seek out the truth with the
zeal and SitcUigeutfc which you bring to bear on
-all affairs which you take in hand : and, as the
best method of putting an end to what is n eon
tin.nd cause of dispute, would be to suhstituto the
free labor of .the Indian Coolies tor that ot the ne
groes. I beg you to come to an understanding;wh
the Minister of Foreign Affairs to resume with the
English Government the negotiations which wire
entered upon a few months ago.
Whereon, my dear cousin, I pray God to have
‘you in his holy keeping. pOLEOK .
Emigration.—The numberof emigrants arrived
at this port, for the week ending the 24th tnst.,
was nine hundred aud seventy-eight making a
total of seventy four thousand three hundred and
seventeen since the commencement of the .year.—
The arrivals for a corresponding period in IbJ!
numbered one hundred and seventy-three thou
sand seven hundred and sixty. — N. I. Jour, oj
Commerce, Xor, 28.
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1858
COLI YIBIS, WEDNESDAY. DE( EMBER 1, tvs.
What docs It Wean?
We published a dispatch in our last issue an
nouncing the fact that three Spanish and tAvo
French ships of Avar had anchored off the Island
of Sacrificios, at the entrance of the bay of Vera
Cruz. Considered by itself, this demonstration is
not devoid of significance. Nor is the conclusion
which we would naturally derive from such a state
of things, relieved by a consideration of rela
tions existing between the Spanish and Mexican
Governments. Through all the mutations of tli*lr
several fortunes, each preserves for the other a
deep-seated, unrelenting hostility. A remem
brance of bis. former wrongs—nurses the hatred of
the Mexican for his ancient oppressor, while
Spain, decrepid, dcgcncrarp and acmorali/ed
though she be, Avith hardly vigor enough to wield
the sceptre over her greatly circumscribed domin
ions. indulges ail unprofitable, yet urrfcbpenaable
ambition for dominion over her once rich and
flourishing colony. Nor can it be doubted* that
she has ample cause for quarrel anil for demand
of satisfaction from that distracted people. Indeod.
if she had not, her case would be an exception
from the condition of all other nations avlm have
endeavored to maintain conimereinFrelations with
Mexico. fShe is iu debt t> everybody, she lias
infracted the rights of every people, anil the politi
cal convulsions to which she seems doomed,have so
exhausted her resources, and reduced her finances
to such a state of depletion, that she U left without
the means of payment of the one or of reparation
for the other. Vet, >ve cannot think that Spain
intends more than a threat by her present attitude.
She must be satisfied that this Government will
not allow her. or any other power, for any consid
eration, to obtain a foot-hold upon the Gulf. The
United States must in time, inevitably succeed the
miserable factions which sway the destinies of our
tawny neighbors. Bpain, too, knows full well,
that she holds Cuba by sufferance of us, ami that
a rupture of peaceful relations with this Govern
ment would imperil her title to the Queen of the
Antilles. If,however, her valor should qverrido
her discretion, if uiW*lorti hy the promised aid
of France and l’#?taud, she should practically
contravene and the long-enunciated policy
of the United States, we shall have a fine time ill
Gulf this Avinter, and when the smoke of the con
flict clears away, Jonathan will be found sitting
cross-legged in his Cuban Hacienda, luxuriating
in the fumes of his royal Cabar.os. The game is ]
increasing in interest. :
The Cass Ueriau reaty.
The treaty negotiated between General Cass
and Senor Herrau, for the settlement of the ques
tions growing out of the Panama outrage, says
the Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia
North American, will le submitted to the Senate
for ratification, in the form in ivhich it avus amen'd
ed by New Granada. The Minister addressed an
explanatory letter to the Government, which re
lieves the modifications of their objectionable fea
tures: and meantime New Granada has agreed to
suspend the e<]lection of the onerous tolls claimed
to be imposed on the mail and other matter pass
ing over the Isthmus. In fact, the officers of our
squadron have been instructed, in the last resort,
to resist these levies by force, should they be at
tempted. So that the New Granada difficulty,
Avhich lias first and last so much exercised the
public mind, may be regarded as definitely settled,
and the President will inform the country of that
fact in his annual message.
From (he West (oast of Africa.
,I Unmi, say- ~ I- veiy sieklv on Hint
coast. V French war steamer had lost 25 men
within two weeks. An armed boat from the same
Steamer had impressed a French sailor from
the brig Rockingham, of Salem.
Death of an American Abroad
Nkw Voiik, Nov. 23.—The Paris papers an
nounce the death there ol Hon. Beiij. 1. Butler,
Ot New York, and formerly Attorney General of
the United States. Mr. Butler sailed from this
port hut a few weeks ago, with his lamily, with
tlie view of spending a couple of years in Europe.
Freight at Apalachicola,—The Advertiser
of the 24th, says: “All the vessels in port are en
gaged full and mostly loaded. On just, arrived
has taken a full load of cotton ami tobacco, for
New York, the former at ;’c.. and the latter at
15e. ~p), foot, which is an advance of 1-1 be. on
cotton to New York. AVe are still much in want
of vessels, and wonhl again call tbe attention of
ship-owners to the certainty of profitable employ
ment, if they would send their vessels to this port
Tbe port charges here are much lighter than at
any other Gulf Port, while it is conceded by all
ship masters, that vessels, as a general thing, take
more pounds from this port than any other in the
country. To Liverpool Hd. New A ork and
Boston
A Native Curiosity. —The Atlanta IntelUyen
cer of Saturday says “Our city was honored
Yesterday with the presence of something of a cu
riosity. i’ll the shape of Mr. llodgman Rabun, of
Carroll county, who is 40 years of age, and has
never, until this time, seen a town, a railroad, or a
steam engine. Mas never 20 miles from home be
fore in bis life, and has never seen Chattahoochee
River until he crossed it on his wa.v to this place.
M’us 37 years old before he was married, when he
was united to a charming young lady of fifteen
summers, lias been a Baptist preacher, a school
teacher and a country merchant. He is still a
resident of “sweet Carroll”, that land, of chivalry
and song, whose stones are iron, and out of whose
bowels we dig copper Ac., Ac. He was in extatic
rapture bn first beholding the mighty iron horse.,
A Foreign Steamship in Port.— The Savan
nah Republican of Saturday says : —The screw
steamship Scotia, Caps. Bell, from Havana, arri
ved at this port yesterday iu search of freights.
Iter destination is Liverpool. This is the first
event of the kind we have bad the pleasure of
chronicling, though we hope it will prove so profi
table a voyage that it will not be the last. Her
hist voyage was from the East Indies to Cuba with
a cargo of Coolies, ."she draws 19 feet water when
loaded, is 1,200 tons burthen, and her deck is 205
feet long. She comes consigned to Messrs. Pad
ellord Fay A Cos. We learn that it is in contem
plation, and with much hope of sttecess, to estab
lish a line of screw steamers between New Orleans
and Liverpool. Why may nut Savannah enjoy
the benefits of such a line also.
New York to re sold at Auction. —The
Sheriff advertises that, by a certain writ of execu
tion, (supposed to be the Lowlier judgment.) he
will expose for sale on the 24th December next,
all the real and personal property belonging to
the city and county of New Y’ork.
Southern Pacific Bail Road.—Louisville.
Nov. 2fi. The stockholders of the Southern Pa
cific Rail Road met here yesterday, Jeremiah
Morton, Esq., acting as Chairman. President
• Fovtlkes made an able report, which will be con
sidered tomorrow. Two-thirds I>f the stock is rep
resented.
“Black Ingratitude.” —Randolph, a colored
speaker at a late Convention in Utica, told the ab
olitionists and under ground rail road men, “it is
you and such as you who aro the real enslavers of
mv race. Your injudicious efforts to free us have
” dime more than all other things combined to per
■ I petuate our bondage.” Randolph doesn t seem in
i’ elineil to color the troth at least.— -horfalk Her-
I aid.
President of the Senate.
We published on yesterday, the beautiful little
address of the lion. John E. Ward, delivered upon
the occasion of resigning thx “presidency of the
’ on last Saturday morning. In the after
noon of the same day an election was held for
that office.
The fojlowing gentlemen were nominated:—
Guerry, of Randolph, Ward of Butts, Whitaker, of
Fulton, Gone, of Bullock, Thomas, of Gwinnett
and Colquitt, of Muscogee.
Mr. Colquitt declined the nomination : He said,
with great deference to the honorable Senator
lrom the county of Union, who had announced
his name, that he must w ithhold the use of it, in
connection with the office of Presidency of the
Senate. He was not insensible of the high hCuor
sought r< be conferred upon him by manyawarm
and enthusiastic friends of this body, nor was he
ungrateful for this expression of their partiality,
but when be looked around the Senate Chamber,
ami beheld so many more worthy of the position
Gian himself, so many more entitled to it by vir
tue of their long sendee and experience ancl Avis
dom. lie. would violate his own sense of propriety
were he to struggle for the honor attendant upon
success in the contest.
He was still Young—life was before him. and
the bow of promise was yet pointed iu the horizon
of his future, hut there were those around him,
the sun ofi whose years was setting beyond the
western hills, whose names were inscribed upon
the pages oft he proceedings of the Senate, ere the
light <f Hedven ever shone upon his vision: who
were eminently lit for (he honorable position to
which he had been nominated, and who should be
elected. A choice could lie made from those
names w liich had been announced. As for him
self his highest ambition and aspirations were to
*crve faithfully the constituency w hom he had the
honor to represent, so that when he returned
koine, having occupied a r seat upon that floor the
first and perhaps the last time, he could receive
from them the plaudit of “well done, thou good
and faithful servant.”
’l’lie balloting was then entered into. On thelirst
ballot, Mr. Guerry received 13 votes, Whitaker J:
< ..,e 12. Ward, of Butts. It, Thomas 28.
The second ballot was as follows: Guerry 51,
Whitaker 0, Cone 8, Ward, of Butts, 11, Thomas
23. So the Hon. T. L. Guerry was declared duly
elected President of the .Senate,
Mr. Colquitt moved that a committee of three j
be appointed to conduct Mr. Guerry to the Chair—
agreed to.
That committee Avcrc Messrs. Cohn.;.* ***■ •<
Hjuvi.il
On taking the Chair, Mr. Guerry thanked the
Senate for the honor conferred.
On motion the Senate adjourned until \) 1 / 2
o’clock, A. M., Monday morning.
Davis as. Douglas.
Senator Davis, in a speech recently delivered by
him before the Legislature of Mississippi, repudi
ates in the following manner the doctrine of
Squatter Sovereignty” which he was represented
by Senator Douglas, in his late contest in Illinois,
to entertain.
I have been represented as having advocated
‘•Squatter Sovereignty ” in a speech made at Ban
gor in the State of Maine. A paragraph has been
published purporting to be an extract from that
speech, and \ imperative criticism, and forced
construction have exhausted themselves upon it,
with deductions which are considered authorized,
because they are uot denied iu the paragraph pub
lished.
In this case, as in that of the charge in relation
to my position in 1552, there is no record with
which to answer. 1 never made a speech at Ban
gor. Any fair mind would have sought for the
speech to see how far the general context explain
ed the paragraph, before indulging in hostile crit
icism.
Senator Douglas, in a speech at Alton, adopt
ing the paragraph published, and evidently draw
ing his opinion from the unfair construction which
had been put upon it, claims to quote from a
speech made -by mo at Bangor, to sustain the po
sition taken by him at Freeport. He says :
“You will find in a recent speech, delivered by
that able and eloquent statesman. Hon. Jefferson
Davis, at Bangor, Me., that he took the same vieAv
.*■ fmy-rSAffirirr .t
fuse to enact such laws and police regulations as
would give security to their property and his, it
would be rendered more or less valueless, in pro
portion to the difficulty of holding it without such
protection. In the case of property, in the labor
of than, or what is usually called slave prop
erty, the insecurity would be so great that the
owner could not ordinarily retain it. Therefore,
though the right would remain, the remedy being
withheld, it would follow that the owner would be
practically debarred, by the circumstances of the
case, from taking slave property into a territory
where the sense of the inhabitants was opposed to
its introduction. So much for the oft repeated
fallacy of forcing slavery upon any community.”’
It is fair to suppose, if the Senator had known
where to find the speech from which this extract
was taken, that he would have examined it before
proceeding to make use of it. And I can but be
lieve, if he had taken the paragraph free from the
distortion which it had undergone from others,
that he must have seen it bore no similitude to
his position at Freeport, and could give no coun
tenance to the doctrine he then announced! He
there said :
“The next question Mr. Lincoln propounded to
me is, ‘Can the people of a territory exclude slave
ry from their limits by any fair means before it
comes into the Union as a State?” I answer em
phatically, as Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a
hundred times, on every stump in Illinois that in
my opinion, the peopleof u territory, can, by law
ful means, exclude slavery before it comes in asa
Istatc. [Cheers] Mr. Lincoln knew that I had given
thatanswer overaud overagain. Jle heard meargue
the Nebraska bill ou that principle all over the
State, in 1854, and 55, and 56, and he has now no
excuse to pretend to have any doubt upon that
sub ject. Whatever the Supreme Court may here
after decide as to the abstract question of whether
slavery may go in under the Constitution or not,
the people of a territory have the lawful means to
admit or exclude it as they please, for the reason
that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour any
where unless supported by local police regulations,
furnishing remedies and means of enforcing the
right of holding slaves. Those local and police
regulations can only be furnished by the local
Legislature. If the people of the territory are op
posed to slavery they will elect members to the
Legislature who will adopt unfriendly legislation
to it. If they are for it. they will adopt the legis
lative measures friendly to slavery. Hence no
matter what may be the decision of the Supreme
Court on the abstract question, still the right of
the people to make it a slave territory, is perfect
and complete under the Nebraska bill. 1 hope
Mr. Lincoln will deem my answer satisfactory on
this point.”
This is the distinct assertion of the power of a
territorial legislature to admit or exclude slavery ;
of the first in the race of migration who reach a
territory, the common property of the people of
the United States to enact laws for the exclusion
of other joint owners of the territory, who may in
the exercise of their equal right to enter the com
mon property, choose to take with them property
recognised by the Constitution, but not acceptable
■to the first emigrants to the territory. That Sena
tor had too often and too fully discussed with me
the question of “squatter sovereignty’* to be jus
tified in thus mistaking mv opinion. The differ
ence between us is as wide as that of one who
should assert the right to rob from him who ad
mitted the power. It is true, ns 1 stated it at that
time, all property requires protection from t lie so
ciety in the midst of which it is held. This ne
cessity does not confer a right to destroy, but rath
er creates an obligation to protect. It is true as
1 stated it, that slave property peculiarly requires
the protection of society and would ordinarily be
come vain less in the midst of a community, which
would seek to seduce the slave from his master,
and conceal him whilst absconding, and as jurors
protect each other in any suit which the master
might bring for damages. The laws of the Uni
ted States, through the courts of the United
States, might enable the master to recover the
slave wherever he could find him. But you nil
know, in such a community as 1 have supposed,
that a slave inclined to abscond would become ut
terly useless and that was the extent of the ad
mission.
Revision oflhe Tariff.
Some of the papers and politicians are, we per
ceive, agitating the question of the revision of the
Tariff, and it is said that Mr. Cobb will in his
Report recommend that a duty shall be imposed
upon Tea, Coffee, and perhaps other articles now
on the free list, while Mr. Buchanan will probably,
in his Message, recommend an increase of the du
ties on iron.
There is no need for any of it. In the first
place, before Congress can act upon it, there will
be evidence that the present tariff will raise money
enough even for the extravagancies of the govern
ment j but if this should not be so, there is a much
I better plan to be adopted, and that is to curtail
expenses. There are many millions of dollars of
the expenses of the government which might be
cut off, arid ought to be, even if the government
had the money to pay them. Stop the appro
priations for internal improvements ; reduce tire
army, reduce salaries—any thing but impose ad
ditional burthens upon the people.
This shows the insidious aud dangerous charac
ter of this mode of raising revenue. The people
have been compelled to retrench and economise,
and by reason of it they have paid less to the
government than when they were extravagant.
Why should not the officials of government re
trench and economise too ? There is now no ex
cuse for the expenditure of so much money. Pro
visions ofevery kind are low and the expenses of
living have greatly diminished ; let their salaries
be reduced.
If the revenues w ere collected by direct taxation
who would think now of proposing to increase the
taxes? Nobody. So far from it every body
would go for a reduction of the taxes. Not so
witli this system ; the less people are able to buy
the more they must pay for them. Then we say,
let us hear no more about increasing the tariff
reduce the expenses, and reduce the tariff’ tqp.
The tariff'as it is will raise more money than the
government ought to spend. —Comer Stone.
[From the London Post, Nov. 9.]
The l nited States In Central America The British
Fleet to Aid Martinez Against Walker.
Every information which reaches this country
from Central America appears strongly to confirm
the opinion which many people in England and
in the United States have never hesitated to ex
press. that the descendants of the Spaniards in
the New World have proved themselves to be total
ly unworthy of those privileges of self-government
which, for nearly a. century—in theory, at least
they have professed to exercise. The same obser
vation. with still greater truth, may be applied to
the existing condition of affairs iu the neighbor
ing republic of Mexico—u State the civilization of
which has so tar retrograded that the aboriginal
institutions which Cortez and his followers sub
verted may be said to have presented more the
form and substance of settled government than the
wholesale and long-continued system of brigand
age which prevails in every part, of Mexican ter
ritory. To Europe, the spectacle of a people the
constant victims of successive revolutions—at one
time clamoring for an Emperor, as in the case of
Iturbide aud Santa Anna, and at the next incon
sistently joining the standard of tlo* fey*
rer who ]*** K - •••**£;’ “pronounce” for change,
careless whether that change involve the restora
tion or the downfall of the power of tin* priest
hood, the one great point of Mexican politics—to
Europe, Ave say, such a spectacle must ever be
fraught with feelings of deep and permanent re
gret. The people of the United States, however,
have sliown u very different appreciation of the
condition of Mexico. By the comparatively quiet,
but wholly dishonorable, course of annexation,
iexas first tell into their greedy grasp, and more
recently ( alifornia, one ot the richest countries in
the world, has by force of conquest become an in
tegral portion of the great North American repub
lic* It hardly can be said, even if Mexico hud
been left alone by its powerful and aggressive
neighbor, that its inhabitants would have firmly
and steadily pursued those paths of peace and do"-
uiestic improvement which lead to national great
ness and to national prosperity.
That Texas and California, under the rule of
(he l uited States, are infinitely better governed
than any portions of Mexico is a proposition
which cannot with justice be disputed; and
though Europe generally would view with some
surprise the practical enforcement of the Monroe
doctrine to an extent which would confer upon
the l. nited States absolute and uncontrolled do
minion over so valuable a territory as that which
still belongs to Mexico, yet the change would no
doubt contribute directly and largely to bene
fit of the Mexicans themselves, and*to the securi
ty of all strangers who reside in that part of the
world. Recent accounts disclose u state of anar
chy which has never been exceeded in the most
barbarous countries. Insurrection, bloodshed,
forced loans, confiscation of property, mark the
progress of every adventurer who obtains a tem
porary triumph. So long as these outrages were
confined to Mexican citizeus neither England nor
liny other power had a right to interfere: but
British subjects have been exposed to brutal in
(Jonsul and“tbe protection of the British flag have
been claimed and exercised in vain. Full and
adequate reparation for these flagrant violations
of public law must promptly be enforced ; but if
every Mexican toAvn on the seaboard Avere bom
barded internal anarchy might still reign su
preme. aud no real security would be afforded
that the government would either have the incli
nation or the power to prevent the occurrence of
such outrages. We have stated the case simply
as it is. England, no doubt, will obtain effectual
redress ; but stiil there will remain those elements
of disorganization and utter feebleness which
hitherto have rendered Mexico a disgrace and a
nuisance to the community of civilized nations.
With regard to the States of Central America,
the intelligence which has lately been received is,
with one exception, of a most unsatisfactory char
acter. Walker, the model fillibuster, is about to
start for the scenes of his former piratical exploits.
We are informed from Washington that he is “well
backed, both with men and money,” and that his
enterprise “excites great interest.” W e hear how
ever, that a treaty between England and Nicargua
bus at length been signed, and that the British
admiral on the West India station lias very prop
erly received orders to act against Welker and his
confederates should President Martinez demand
his assistance. Under these circumstances, we
have a very confident belief that the demand will
be made, that the assistance Vi the British admi
ral will he efficiently afforded, and that Walker
will be taught the useful lesson that private war
fare upon land can no more be tolerated than pi
racy upon the sea.
Reform of the Currency. —An important
movement .’ —A number of New York merchants
have recently held meetings to consider projects
to be submitted to the New York Legislature and
Congress concerning ft change in the laws regu
lating the currency, and have adopted u report
embodying the following propositions:
Ist. That the banking laws of New York, be so
amended that no bank shall hereafter he permit
ted to extend its loans, discounts and other invest
ments beyond an amount equal to the sum of its
capital, half its capital, and the specie in its vaults
—nor shall it be permitted to let its specie at any
time fall below 20 per ceut. of its immediate lia
bilities, exclusive of its circulating notes. That
banks hereafter to be organized in New York, also
be required before commencing business to have
their entire capital paid up full in specie:Mid that
all banks be hereafter prohibited from making
loans, either directly or indirectly, on their own
stock.
2. That the laws against usury be repealed.
3. That the circulation of all bank notes of a
less denomination than ten dollars be suppressed
by means of a tax or stamp duty to be levied by
Congress.
4. That the government of the United States,
through the different treasuries, receive gold from
the people, and issue receipts or certificates of de
posit therefor, in sums of not less than one hun
dred dollars.
Col. Strptok, U. S. A.—This accomplished
officer is among the number who departed for the
East in the steamer this morning. His first lau
rels were won while he was a young Lieut, of Ar
tillery in the war with the Florida Indians. Du
ring the Mexican war he commanded one of the
field batteries which rendered such signal service
in the desperate conflicts through which General
Scott’s gallant little company marched into the
Mexican capital. Since that time he has been
engaged in active and trying service in Utah,
Washington and Oregon Territories. His long
residence on the Pacific coast has made him many
warm friends to wish his success in wbateverfield
his valor and skill may be required in his coun
try’s service.— San Francisco National , s th in
stant.
Information has reached Washington in
such form as to place the fact beyond question
that a large number of Mexicans, residing iu
Sonora, have entered into a league to revolution
ize that State with a view to its annexation to the
U. States.
Death of an Ex-Congressman.—Hmi. Jon
athan Knight, an ex-member of Congress, died in
Washington county, Pa., on Monday last- He
was an eminent civil engineer, and served the
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, in that capacity
for a considerable time. He was in the 7rtth year
of his age.
Antidote for the Bite of a Rattlesnake.—
A Mr. Arnoy, in the Kansas, (Bloomington) Pan
tograph, says: “Thoroughly saturate the place
bitten with the tincture of iodine, and give five or
six drops on sugar, and it will prevent any bad
effects from the bite of a rattlesnake.”
(OLIMBIS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER *2, IS5*.
The legislature of Indiana on the Senatorial
Question.
We learn from the Washington Union, that
both houses.of the ludiana Legislature have adop
ted resolutions declaring the election of Senators
Bright and Fitch, two years ago. illegal, uncon
stitutional and void. If. according to theory and
common opinion. Legislatures are the assembled
wisdom of the States. Providence has been sin
gularly capricious in the distribution of its gifts.
It has certainly dealt the divine possession to tbe
good people of Indiana with a parsimonious hand.
The question Avhich these Solons are attempting
to unsettle was the subject of a jfoU inu adjudica
tion by the Sena to of the United States last Avia
tor. To that body, the Constitution has confided
the exclusive poAvcr to judge of the “election", re
turns and qualifications’* of its own members. Its
judgment has been pronounced, and from it there
is no apjAeal. We presume, hoAvever, that a Black
Republican majority Avill ignore this constitution
al provision aud proceed to elect two other Sena
tors. What will be the nsxt trick ?
Death of (oi. Harper.
It is with pain that we have to announce the
death of Col. Win. H. Harper, an old and esteem
ed friend. lie died in*his room at the Ogle
thorpe House, after an illness of loug duration,
which, though it did not continually confine him
To his room, had exhibited for some t inn- a chronic
obstinacy that prevented his friends indulging
hopes of his recovery. His complaint Avas chronic
diurrhtea of a complicated nature.
Cid. H. had been a resident of Columbus e\ er
.'ince it could be called a city, and alwayscnjoyed
the confidence respect of our citizens, which
was his due as well on account of his integrity as
an extensive business, man, as for his engaging
social qualities, soundjudgmeut and varied infor
mation. Many circles have long lamented his
absence on account ofinfo>*ith. and will iioav sin
cerely regret that ho is lost to them forever on
this earth.— h'lu/inrcr.
Brack avooii.—We have received from Messrs.
Leonard, Scott A Cos., the November number of
Blackwood’s Magazine. Jts table of contents
comprises a criticism of Buckle’s History of Civi
lization : What will lie do with it?—By Pisistra
tus Caxton— Part XVIII; Edward Irving: The
Light on the Hearth—Part 111, Cherbourg—The
Port aud Fortress, and Lord Canning’s Reply t>-
the Ellettborough Despatch. We have yet to see
the first article in this popular Magazine which
does not contain much solid truth set off’ Avith ap
propriate and attractive adornment.
The Atlantic Trlbchiaph.—The Atlantic
Telegraph Company have refused the request of
Mr. Whitehouse to be permitted to make further
tests aud experiments. Great excitement is said
to prevail at Valentin in consequence of Ibis re
fusal and tho closing up of the Company’s prem
ises. At u banquet given by the Fishmonger’s
Company of Loudon on the 9th, Sir Charles
Bright, the engineer of the Atlantic Telegraph
Company was toasted. In replying he said that
tho partial failing to [carry out the telegraphing
between Europe and America, should cause no
astonishment. There could be no doubt of ulti
mate success. It was simply a question of time.
Sermons by Ira L. Potter.
We acknowledge the receipt of the above work,
lrom Ihe author. If. is a iMlWii<n awwn.mo
title page informs us. that ho is now a member of
the G eorgia Conference. The discourses are short.
and, from the very cursory glance we have given
them, arc written in a plain and unpretending style,
with no attempt at display or ornament. Their
further merit we are not prepared to discuss.—
Five hundred copies of the above work, will be for
sale in this city, during the coming session of the
Georgia Confe ren ee.
Price, one dollar per single copy, or seventy
five cents at wholesale.
for the times.
Opelika. Ala., )
November 29th. 1858. )
Messrs. Editors: I am a traveler, and in justice
to the accommodation and convenience of the
traveling public, allow me a line in your paper.
To passengers going West, this is the regular
breakfast and supper house, and dinner to those
traveling East, (and not Columbus, as many erro
neously supposs) and yet., time is not given to the
hungry traveler to appease his appetite, although
sufficient, ample time is allowed by the schedule,
even to a Falstaff engineer. Why is it ? Let the
“knowing ones” answer; this matter should be
rectified and at once, for uot only is it an imposi
tion, a physical derangement, and mental annoy
ance to the traveler, who arrives here “hungry as
a wolf,” but it is a sore inco- venience and loss to
our good host Sledge, who m ik* abundant pre
parations and gives good fan .
This place has had a bad name aud deservedly
so. but a* a passer-by, I cannot but notice the
great improvements since my Inst visit, both in
business and morals; formerly it was the resort of
many low, vulgar and degraded characters—hap
py the reform since that day, in the public morals,
dignity and of its people; now there are several
schools and churches under bright and happy
auspices, good stocks of groceries, drygoods and
drugs, several new brick stores and elegant resi
dences are being erected, the improvements are
not springing up like a mushroom,but are gradual,
onward, occurring as the wants and necessities of
the people demand, and who knows but on ray
next visit, I may see Opelika ranked among cities.
I will, in my travels, drop you aline occasionally,
and may again have to revert to i 111 j>ositions,
which I think it is due the traveling community
should know.
Respectfully yours.
A TRAVELER.
Telegraphic Transmission.—lt is an impor- j
taut fact in connection with the science of ocean
telegraphing, that the velocity is not determined
by the force and intensity of the electric current, !
nor by the thickness of the wire—these'conditions
only modify the law which determine? the velo
city of propagation. It is known that Professor
Wheatstone sent a current through a brass wire
the twelfth of an inch in diameter, with a velocity,
of 28,000 miles per second. Messrs. Fizeau and
Uonnelle sent a current along an iron wire one
fifth of an inch in diameter 62,700 miles per sec
ond, while along a copper wire of double this di- *
meter, they sent a curreutJllo,ooo miles per sec
ond. So that conductors made of different sub
stances. and of different sizes of wire, do not give
velocities proportional to their conducting powers.
Hence it follows, that the difficulty of transmiss
ion with ocean cables will le one of velocity and
not. of power.
Horace Bell, ‘whose capture and imprilMutem
by the Kentuckians excited so much iudi&natinu
in Southern fudiana a short time since, ha# turned
the current of popular feeling against himself, by
paying his addresses to a young lady of Oorvdon.
against her will, aud attempting tokill her frienT?
who remonstrated with him.
gentleman (who has a sensitive ear for
grammar)—“My dears, there’s your tnottiftr call
ing you.” s
Wild Boy of the West- 1 “0, her ain’t* eallin’
I 0* we; us don’t belong to she.”— Punth^mp*
PEYTON H. COLdUITT, ( T?^ifnro
JAMES W. WARREN, f liailors -
Number 48
The (nited States and Mexico..
One -of the most important subjects on Avhich
the National Legislature will have to deliberate
at their approaching session, and to which their
attention will doubtless be drawn by the Presi
dent in his animal Message, is the state of our re
latiohs with Mpxieo.
ere there anything approaching to a respon
sible government in that country, or were there
any reasonable probability of the establishment
ol a government there which would possess any of
the attributes ol stability or have the will, even if
it had the power. l>* act justly, we might in the
onHnarv wa v of diplomatic negotiation, hope to
obtain satisfaction lor the wrongs done to our citi
zens, and a.: equitable adjustment of their claims.
We might also insist that foreign nations, which,
like ourselves, are in the position of remons|rant
creditors, should exercise forbearance* and ex
haust ail peaceful measures before resorting U
compulsion. But in the present state of affairs in
Mexico, where anarchy, spoliation and crime,
have taken the place of good
(y and social order, we cannot obtain retires.” for
outrages by*negotiation, because there is no gov
ernment with which to negotiate. Other nations,
whose claim- on Mexico are as just and urgent as
•ur own. an- in a similar predicament.
In this dilemma, the President, whose constitu
tional powers become exhausted, when his minis
ter had no longer any government in Mexico with
which lie could treat, will uoav submit the matter
wiih all tin facts and information he possess, to
Congress, and if will he for that body to. adopt
(herecotnnieuuations of the Executive, or propose
‘ouie other amt oetter plan, iof the exeduuon of
which it hi confer the requisite pouters upon the
President. Congress having refused at the vice
• and the last s ssion to adopt the resolution present
ed b\ Senator Gvvin, which proposed toinvest tue
President \a ;tb full authority to adjust all our out
standing difficulties with Spanish America as to
iiim might eem bskt, it was not in the power of
Mr. Bnehnuan to take one step more than he has
taken, without the authority of Congress. The
time i- Mov. at hand when that authority will bo
invoked. Public sentiment is not agreed on tlie
question hoici ln* I nited States ought to propose
to settle the difficulty so as to secure onr own"rights
without lo>iug sight of those acknowledged prin
iples aud that apjiruvad p.dicy,*by which our
government has been guided in its relations Avith
me lesser States of this continent.
By some it is urged that the best course for the
United States to pursue ie, to assume a protecto
rate over the republic of Mexico, such as has been
proposed-bv General Houston. To this we are
•pposed. because avc belie ire it Avotild entail upon
us all the difficulties and responsibilities of the
government <>i Mexico, without investing us with
the neccssKry authority to enforce our views, and
control those to whom the executive power would’
bo entrusted. It ivould tend to promote instead
ot obviating disputes between us and Mexico, and
s i far as other nations are concerned, would make
us. to a certain extent, answerable for the acts ©f
the Mexican Government, while in reality we
should be powerless to do more than advise and
direct, provided our protectorate did uot amount
to an absolute assumption of the government,
which Would be a complicated, expensive, and
utterly unproductive proceeding.
By others it i- recommended that the United
Hates should use their influence, —their*power,
if necessary.--to assist someone of tbe rival fac
tions in establishing a government on the firm
and durable basis, which should henceforth Rfe
sustained against all other opposing factions, him!
with which wo, and other powers, could treat for
the adjustment of our and their claims. But the
present condition of Mexico forbids tbe hope that
this course would lead to the desired result. Par
ties in Mexico are so fowl and divided; the lead
ers are so unscrupulous and selfishly rapacious,
the people so utterly demoralized and dead to
patriotism and international duty, that k Avohld
appear to he a task of more than herculean'pro
portions to set up and sustain iu potter any one of
the factious Avliicli are iioav wasting the energies
of their country in a selfish struggle for the up
per hand, as a means of self-aggrandizement—
not the welfare of the Republic. Juarez, and his
so-called “liberals,” are the best of the rival par
lies : tun iiu tin y |)n.s?cßS tlic elements of success ;
or has their eonilnet been such as tn prove them
to be worthy of sustaining it ? Truth obliges us
to answer in the negative.
The iuhttai-v otu-nnation bv ih<* i>m**h St*tD
tage for the satisfaction of the claims of other na
tions. and as an offset for our demand for their
non-interference, is another course that has been
suggested, but is in our opinion open to serious
objection*. To promote peace and order, and
enable Mexico to regenerate herself, avc might
■purchase (if there is any power in Mexico compe
tent to sell) the sparsely populated portions of the
country, and out of the purchase money, deduct
our own claims and those of the most clamorous
of her other creditors, although we certainly do
not want, for the present at least, any more terri
tory than we possess. A people so entirely dis
similar to um* own in character and tastes as tbe
Mexicans are, would be a very undesirable acqui
sition, until a long course of training under stable
free institutions, had qualified them for associa
tion with us. Eventually, and at no distant day
perhaps, we mffy, by the force of circumstances,
be compelled to annex portions of Mexico to the
United States; but it would be a great misfortune
if that necessity should be precipitated upon us.
The fruit will fall into our hand when ripe; but
until then, its attempted possession may be at
tended with very serious evils. Prudence, for
bearance, and a determination to avoid all armed,
interference, unless driA'en to it by the direct neces
sity. will, we trust, actuate our public counsels,
and lead to wise and philanthropic results.
Xeic Yorft Journal of Commerce.
senator Hammond's Speech.
“That speech, said one of our most eminent cit
izens to-day, a citizen too by the way, who went
for Fremont and Freedom in 1856! that speech is
a tract for the times. It is the right thing at the
right time, from the right quarter.”
We find this emphatie testimony to the excell
ence of Gov. Hammond’s Barnwell speech, in the
letter of a New York correspondent of the Char
leston News, who is in ecatacies over the favorable
impression whkh it has made at the North. So it
seems that Mr. Hammond has been so fortunate
j as to secure not only the approbation of Mr. Gree
! ley, but of ‘an eminent citizen, of New York, who
went for Fremont and Freedom in 1856. What
higher ambition can a Senator from South Caro
lina cherish, than to win applause ft*oni such un
expected quarters? As Mr. Hammond and the
eminent citizen who supported Fremont in 1856,
were certainly not together then, some curious
people might bepuzzled to know, whether the em
inent citizen has become a converttothe doctrines
of Mr. Calhoun, which the Senators who represent
j the state rights democracy of the South generally
I entertain, or whether the views of Gov. Hammond
have been so modified as to be acceptable to the
| friends of‘Fremont and Freedom/ but good unin
i quiring national patriots will only see in this sud
den concordance, new evidence that the South is
| on ‘rising ground,’ and find it another guaranty of
I the perpetuity of the glorious Union.
It must be very gratifying to Gov. Hammond
and the constituents who placedhim in the Senate
! on account of his supposed devotion to what are
: called extreme southern opinion, that his late
\ speech has commanded such general favor at the
i North, as well as with those presses in the South,
which are and have always been little else than
echoes of Northern sentiment. The New York
j Times, another free soil paper, goes even farther
than the Tribune in its admiration, and evidently
with an eye to business, intimates that it might
under certain circumstances support the distin
guished senator for the presidency, while there is
scarcely a Southern organ of New England Fed
| eridtsra, or anti-Lecompton democracy, or of the
slavish doctrine of the ‘Union at any price/ that
’ has not published and eulogized it as Senator
Hammond’s Great Speech. On the other hand,
the State Rights presses that published and en
dorsed the really great speech delivered by
* same gentleman soon after his entvajue into Ihe
Senate, are unanimous in condemnation ** . e
Barnwell effort, and the Columbus Times, shading
democratic organ in Georgia, strongly gw-acter
izes it as the “worst speech of the c f nt ’jS* , ta
An anti-Lecompton exchange iiV this ..fate,
overflowing with enthusiasm, declass a - •
Hammond was Mitel like Uinciyhitusfrom 1 lie
I j plough to the Senate. If so. we/opewo shall be
i excused for preferring the first, manly utterance
iof the virtuous husliamlnyrti. tresli froiu the
health-giving labors of the o*.ugh, to the subdued
1 tum .< iudueed bv n brief rc'idenee at Washington
1 „itv Let ua stand by Cinhnnatus the ploughman,
| ugainst Ciueinnatus thoffoßtieian.— Hafanla Spir
it of the South.
UsiYiage or Kindred.
’ i ‘ bill has paSfM the House of Representatives,
i bv a vote of fd to 42, prohibiting the intannarri
a’oe of first /Oitsins, under a severe penalty, and
r putting off the inheritance of issue. Tim pream
ble to bill asserts that many deformations of mind
and bodv are of congenital origin, front the prac
’ j t-ice of eB1 ” kindred intermarrying with each oth
-1 tr , jpofeeiH Recorder.