Newspaper Page Text
THE
UNION.
JOHN G. POLHELL, EDITOR.
THU m>EJULL UNIOV
Is published every Saturday at Three dollars per an
num, id advance, or Four if not paid before the end of the
year.’ The Office is on Wnynt-Strut, opposite Mc
Combs’ Tavern.
All Advertisements published at tbe usual rates.
\£3* Bach Citation by the Clerks of tbe Courts of Or
dinary that application has been made for Letters of Ad
ministration, must be published Thirtt days at least.
Notice by Executors and Administrators for Debtors
On,} Credit >rs to render in their aocouuts must be publish*
ed Six weeks.
Soles of negroes by Executors and Administrators must
be advertised Sixty bays before the day of sale.
Sales of personal property (except negroes) of testate
and intestate estates by Executors and Administrators,
must be advertised Forty cays.
Applications by Executors, Administrators and Guar
dians to the court of ordinary for leave to sell Land must
be published Four months.
Applications by Executors and Administrators for Let
ters Dismissory, must be published Six months.
Applications lor Enclosure of Mortgages on real Es
tate must be advertised once a month lor Six months.
Sales of real estate by Executors, Administrators and
Guardian* must be published Sixty days before the day
of sale. These sales must be made at the court - he f* e
door between the hours of 10 in the morning ar.d four in
the afternoon. No sab; from day to day is valid, unless
80 expressed in the advertisement. '
Orders of Court of Ordinary, (accompanied with a copy
of the bond, or agreement) to make tides to Land, must
be advertised Three months alleast.
Sheriff’s sales under executions regularly granted by
the courts, must be advef ised Thirty days.
Sheriff’s sales uudtv mortgage executions must be ad
vertised Sixty days before the day of sale.
Sheriff’s sales of perishable property under order of
Court must be advertised generally Ten days.
All ORiuERsfor Advertisements will be punctually at
tended to.
All Letters directed to the office, or the Editor,
must be post-paid to entitle them to attention.
MLLLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1830.
VOLUME 1, NUMBER 13.
M ILLEDGE VILLE
MASONIC HALL
LOTTERY.
On Thursday, the 4th day of November next,
T he THIRD DAY’S DRAWING will positively
take place—at which time, tbe Wheel will be in
such situation, as for holders of Tickets to reasonably
calculate on some respectable prizes. A nobler chance
for a fortune, in the way of Lottery, was m* er present
ed to the public. At! who may feel disposed to purchase
Tickets, would act wisely, to luy, in tbe Milledgeville
Masonic Hall Lottery before the next drawing. This Lot
tery is at home, and though you should be unfortunate,
there is still the advantage that the money will be iu cir
culation amongst us, and added to this, the chance is cer
tainly very good to realize ten or fifty times the amount
expended for Tickets. On examination of the different
drawings, it will be seen that the small prizes are very
much diminished, leaving in the Wheel nearly all of the
valuable ones—It will also be recollected, that the prizes
under two hundred dollars, were deposited in the wheel
at tne cominenct ment of the drawing, ami that there are
yet to he deposited prizes from two hundred up to
30,000 COUGARS!
which certainly ootu3 out the strongest inducement to pur
chasers.
At ike next Drawing the following Splendid Pri-
6TATE OF GEORGIA:
J3y kis Excellency Gkurc*. R. Gilmer, Governor end
• Commander in Chief of the Army and ATuvy of ihis
Slate, and of the Militia thereof.
HERE AS thousands of persons have entered upon
Y f Ifce lands of the State, in the occupancy of toe
Chrrokces, and a:c now, and have been for some time past,
employed in taking "real quantities in value ofgoid there
from—And whereas this slate of things was unforeseen
by the Legislature, ana therefore no laws have been pass
ed for th<T prevention thereof—And whereas the powers
vested in the Executive Department by me Constitution
end laws do not sufficiently en able the Governor to re-
.move or restrain sue;, tresspassers—It <s therefore consid
ered that in extraordinary occasion has occurred for con
sulting the General Assembly of tbe. Stale at a period eatii-
that prescribed by Law—I have thei tfore thought
lit and r by virtue of the power in me vested by the Con-
rs
of
Of Octoller next,"than and i.' tere ^-liberate and d t ide
oq such matters as the public i^Uare may render ncces-
turv.
Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the Stale
at the Slate House in .Miilfcdgeviits, this twentieth
day of September, in the vear of our Lord one thou
sand eight hundred and thir’y, and of American In
dependence tbe fifty-fifth.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
1
PRIZE OF jU0/>(K)
1
PRIZE
OF
$500
1
da
li
lO.uOt)
1
do
u
500
1
do
a
5,000
1
do
14
400
1
do
(<
’ 1,000
1
do
44
400
1
do
tc
1,000
1
do
44
400
1
do
<4
000
1
do
44
300
1
do
((
900
1
do
44
300
1
do
44
800
1
do
44
300
1
do
a
800
1
do
44
200
1
do
a
800
|
a
do
Cl
200
1
do
cc
700
19
do
44
100
1
do
44
600
37
do
14
50
1
do
<4
500
besides 2Q’s and 10’s.
PRICE OF TICKETS.
Wholes $10—Halves 555—Quarters $2 50.
IdP* ORDERS addressed to Wyatt Foard, Secretary
| to the Commissioners, post-paid, will meet with prompt
attention.
WYATT FOARD,
Milledgeville, July 17
Secretary to the Commissioners.
By the Governor:
Everard Hamilton, Secretary of State.
2t
BYRON ACADSMY.
T HE Trustees*ot the Byron, Baker county Academy,
wishing to employ some person to take charge of
‘he Male Department in said Institution, will receive
ieab d proposals until the first day of October next. It
a ill ba expected that persons making application for the
mine will please send what their terms will be, and whet
.hey will teach. Application, postpaid, will be duly at
tended to, by ROBERT HARDIE, Stc'ry.
Sept 18 U 3t
hAW NOTION.
r HE Copartnership in die PRACTICE ol the LAW,
heretofore existing between Samuel Loiolhtr *' .
red. Iverson, is this day dissolved by mutual consent—
!. Iverson having transferred his interest in said Part-
■ersiiip to John L. Lewis.
A Copartnership has been this day formed between
1 amuel Lowther St John L Lewis, who will attend to
he Practice of the Law in the Oemulgto, Flint and Suith-
•rn Circuits. They will generally be found at their office
n Clinton, when not absent on the Circuit.
A. Iverso.v will, during the present year, remove to
/olunihus, and practice Law in all the counties of the
ffiatahoochie Circuit and in those of tbe Southern Cir-
uit whe r e his services may be required. Tilt sen ices
if A. Iverson wili be rendered in winding up the businuis
rf Low the r & Iverson in the Ocmulg*e Circuit.
SAMUEL LOWTHER,
ALFRED IVERSON,
JOHN L. LEWIS.
Clinton, June 19, 1830. 234m4m
TO PL^MTSStS.
THE subscriber (late of the firm of Da-
❖ vis k Catf.r of this place) begs leave to
inform his friends and Planters generally,
tha; having declined the Grocery business
here, will give his entire and undivided attention to the
Selling of Cation
from W gons, or otherwise, at 25 CENTS FEB
BALIii and will buy any article oruereu at tbe lowest
vi rUet prices FREE OF COMMISSIONS. He pledg
es a prompt compliance with instructions and strict at
tention to the Planters interest. H. VV. CATER
Jlugusta, August 14, 1830 7 7tis
FACTORAGE
T
•l.VD
SC-tOClSSXCH BUSIlfESO.
HE undersigned grattiullv acknowledge the liberal
patronage with which they have been favored in the
.above fine, and respectfully inform tue public that they
continue its transaction in the City, and that their fiiitli-
ful and undivided attention will be devoted to the busi
ness of their patrons.
Liberal Cash advances may be expected on Produce,
&c. in Store, when desired-
STOVALL & SIMMONS.
5 12t
Augusta, Aug. 7, 1830
liOUGHT TO JAIL in Marion, Twiggs county, a
negro man, who says his name is JACK, and
t! at he belongs to George Chiton of Clark c.unity. Jack
is about 5 feel 7 m 9 inches high—has two small scars
under the left <ye, and lias received an injury in the
left hip which makes the left leg rather shorter than the
other. The owner will come forward, prove property,
nay costs, and take him awav.
&AMUEL JORDAN, Jailor.
Sent 18 II 3t
LAW NOTICE.
WIIiEY W. OAITKEH,
WING located himself at McDonough, Henry
county, tenders his Professional services to the
ib ic as Attorney and Counsellor at Law. He will at-
nd ihe Cour.s of the various counties in ihe liint Cir-
rit. Aug *28 8 8t
lODICAL.
D OCTORS John M. McAfee and Jemes
B. Underwood, have associatid them
selves in the PRACTICE of PHYSIC, a:i !
its collateral brandies, Surgery, Midwifery,
&c. unuei the firm of
1WAFEE & UNDERWOOD,
One of wlmm will be found ready at ill limes to attend to
any professional calls. Their mileage or other charges
will be moderate, as times are hard. They hope from
Unremitting attention to the duties of their profession, to
^ rit and receive a liberal share of the public patronage.
B.—Th?y will Practice in the Cherokee Nation
when called on. McAFEE 6c UNDER VY OOD,
* Osinesville, Hall county. »iay 1, 1830 2*5—tf
NOTICE.
LL persons having demands against the estate oi
Zacharian Phillips, late of V\ alton county, deceas
ed, are requested to present them in terms of the la w du
ly authenticated—and those indebted to the estate are
also requested to make immediate payment to
ROBERT M. ECHOLS, Adm'r.
Sept 18 11 81
GEORGIA, Henry county.
HERE AS Sarah Mercer applies to me for letters
of Administration on the estate of Daniel Mercer,
late of said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and adme ish all and singu
lar, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and
appear at my office, within the time prescribed by law,
to shew cause, if any they have, why said letters should
not be granted.
Given under my hand, this 15lfc day of September,
1830. GUY YV. SMITH, d. c. c. o.
Sent 25 12 * ®t
- VEW MAP OF GEORGIA.
. - "cribers have now under the hands of the
LIE sum New York, a complete and splendid
Engraver. c Georgia, the greater part compiled
of the State o. qjj all tii s t r i c ts carefully laid
actual aurvey, w , • ■ * * -■
i and-tnihibered, the
uid exactness from the
ation, in a style not infen
iresented to the public, with a
ieat of Government to every c.
'hole completed with great la-
j 'test and most authentic in-
r to any thing of the kind
♦able of distances from
^nty site or place of
0 * ver . y . t» in the new pur
rtance in the estate. 1be■ dtftnc. t | ;q the corners,
; and lower counties are all number^ ^ ^ situation
i to enable a person to ascertain tbe e* q cd off in
ly lot of land, and will be^painted and fin- * ^
icatest manner—a part of them c » n * a8 “ cd ’ . ^per
, laced on rollers, the balance will be on th.u P
iv folded in morocco covers, and will be for ^ ro{ _
ttdeeville by the first of Octobei next. Those on
it Fire Debars, and the pocket map of the same tu
>t • distance wishing to procure ^
can do ao by sending b, their ■n-mhe™, “ a soft-
t number of them will be kept in Milledgeville durn g
ra «onofth.UgiaUtu«. RLToN WELLB0RN ,
uly 31 ORANGE GREEN.
WANTED TO HIRE,
’NT7L the first of January next, A jSTEwAy
WOMAN of good character, one who under-
d. howetiorE For further particulars apply at this
septlo it
GEORGIA* Henry county*
¥ / €THEREAS Richard T. Sappinglon applies to me
▼ v for letters of Administration on the estate of Da
vid M. Stewart, late of said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish all and singu
lar, the kindred and creditors cf said deceased, to be and
appear at my office within the time prescribed by law, to
shew cause, if any they have, why said letters should not
be granted.
Given under my hard, this 15th day of September,
1830. , GUY YV. SMITH, D. c c. o.
Sept 25 12 5t
GEORGIA, Dooly county.
T HF. kindred and creditors of Ann Faircioth, late of
said county, deceased, are hereby notified that Ed
win Mercer and Caleb Fairclotb, have applied to me for
letters of Administration, debonis non, on the estate of
Gabriel P. R. Fairclotb, late of said county, decayed; and
unless objections be filed in terms of the law, said letters
will be granted at the sitting of the Inferior Court lor Or
dinary purposes the first Vionda; in November next.
Given under tny hand 14th August, 1830.
THOMAS H. KEY, c. c. •.
Sept 18 li 5t
GEORGIA, Dooly county.
W HEREAS, John Warren applies to me for letters
of Administration on the estate of Sarah Paine,
late of said county, deceased:
These are therefore to cite and admonish all the kin
dred and creditors of said deceased to be and appear at
my office, within the time prescribed by law, to shew
cause, if any they hare, why said letters should not be
granted.
Given under my band this 23d August, 1830.
THOMAS H. KEY, c. c. o.
September 4 ®
POETRY.
MARSEILLES HYMN OF LIBERTY.
Ye sons of freedom, wake to glory!
_ Hark! Hark! what myriads bid you rise!
Your children, Wives and Gr&ndsires hoary,
Bchck their tears and hear their cries,
Shall hateful tyrants, mischiefs breeding,
With hireling hosts, a ruffian band,
Affright and desolate the land,
While peace and liberty lie bleeding?
To arms! to arms! ye brave!
Th’ avenging sword unsheath:
March on, march on, all hearts resolv’d,
On victory or death.
Now-, now, the dangerous storm is rolling,
Y\ hich treachei ous kings confederate raise.
The dogs of war, let loose, ate howling,
And lo ! our fields and cities blaze.
And shall we basely view the ruin,
YVhile lawless force with guilty stride,
Spreads desolation far and w ide,
With crimes and blood his hands imbruing?
To arms! to arm! ye brave, &c.
With luxury and pride surrounded,
The vile insatiate despots dare,
Their thirst of power and gold unbounded,
To mete and vend the light and air.
Like beasts of burden would they load us,
Like gods would bid their slaves aiore,
But mu a \z man, and who is more ?
Then sfca’i they longer lash and goad is?
To arms * to arms I ye brave, Sue.
Oh, Liberty, can man resign thee,
Once havmg felt thy generous flame ?
Can dungeons, bons, confine thee ?
Or whips thy noble spirit tame ?
Too long the world has wept, bewailing
That falsehood’s dagger tyrants wield,
But freedom is our sword and shield,
And ill their arts are unavailing.
To arms ! to arms ! ye bravi, &c.
F OUR months after date application will be made to
tbe honorable the Inferior Court of the county of
Newton, while sitting for ordinary purposes for leave to
sell the whole of the real estate belonging lo the estate of
Reuben B. Neal, late of Newton county, deceased.
JONATHAN C. MACKEY, Adm’r.
September 25 4b
FROM THE PHILADELPHIAN.
ACCOUNT OF SANGAMON COUNTY,
ILLINOIS.
Contained in a letter from the Rev- John G Ber
gen, dated Springfield, Illinois, Jan. Is!,
1830, and addressed to Air. David B Ayres
of Kensington, near Philadelphia
Dear Sir,—Y nr i *<t.-r was received on tbe
28th ult. It asks of me information on many
points relative to this section of oor country,
and l perceive that my answer may have an
important bearing on the future movements of
the respectable association in whose behalf you
have written. This placet' me in a delicate
and respon-ible situation. We are pleased
with the country &c. and have been 90 from
the first. But what is the pleasure of one may
oe tiie bane oi another. VVnea I speak ot the
country, i desire always to be understood as
speaking of what is called the Sangamon ccun
ty, »ay one hundred miles square, It is so
calied from a river of that name, which runs
.hrough it aud empties into the Illinois on its
south side. It lies in the centre of this State,
than which lew States are better watered and
perhaps none larger in territory. Ail the maps
of it made ten years ago and somewhat later,
arc very inaccurate. It has the great Wabash
on the east, the Ohio on the south, the noble
Missisippi, the father of rivers, on the west,
and on the north, it joins the great lakes. A
canal has been surveyed and located the au
tumn past, and no doubt its excavation will be
gin next season, to join the waters oflake Mi
chigan with those ot the Illinois, a river which
runs nearly through the centre of the state
westward, The nothern part of this State em
braces the vast mining country, where within
a few years, hundreds have made their fort
unes.
The county of Sangamon, of which Spring-
field is the seat of justice, is watered by many
streams, Claire’s, Rock, Richland, Prairie,
Sp r ing, Lick, Sugar, Horse, Wolf, Fancy, Sail
Creeks, and many others which empty in the
Sangamon, which runs within five miles of this
town. Two thousand dollars expended m
clearing the falling timber from this stream,
will make it navigable for steamboats; and this
appropriation has been made by the Legisla
ture. As sooq as the concerns of the State
Bank wind up, and this must he done in less
than two years, there will be a surplus revenu
above the expenditures of the State, of more
than twenty thousand dollars, which by an en
lightened Legislature may and will be appro
priated for internal improvements. There is
now the sum of sixty thousand dollars in the
treasury, having accrued from the sale of semi
nary lands, as they arc* called, which were lo
cated by the government and designated in
perpetua for a State Uuiversity. As soon as
the remaining township *ihal be sold the turn
will be" increased to ^100 000 About hall
the revenue, of this State is derived from non
residents, men who owu large tracts of land,
the taxes of which go into the State Treasury.
Our county taxes are mostly expended in each
county, in building court houses, bridges, &c.
Twelve years ago the red man of the forest
dwelt here; now the last trace of him is not
visible in these parts. This county is the lar
gest aad contains more than 10,000 inhabi
tants. Springfield is within a few miles of the
geographical centre of the State. As yet it is
mostly a log house town, as of course all new
towns must be; but the cabin structure is giv
ing place to frame aud brick. It is laid oat
on a large plan. Its improvement was grert
during the past year, and the coming, it will
advance with greater speed and better quality.
Two meeting houses are under way, a Presby
terian and Methodist. The Commissioners’
Court have ordered a brick-house to be built
next summer. Proposals are now receiving
for the job. Our population in town, is, say
six hundred. Such a stream of population as
rolls into this country, I may venture to say
you have never seen. The hunting class of
settlers, and those who do not owu the soil, is
rapidly giving way to an industtious, sober, en
terprising, religious class of people. It is a
general remark, to which I accord, that no new
country has beeo settled by a better class of
citizens than this, since tbe days of our puritan
fathers. To this town ttade comes from 20 to
60 miles. We have six principal mercantile
houses. They sell mostly for cash and to a
great amount. Their advance over the Atlan-
tic prices has been much greater than it now
ts. Competition has brought it down and
ought to do it more. Now it is on an aver
age 20 per cent, over your retail prices.—
Here you may get all the productions of the
Eastern and middle States, of the West and
East Indies. New Orleans is of course the
great Mart, and the Mississippi the great high
way. Steam has done every thing for this
vast valley of more than three thousand miles
in extent. Canals are intersecting it in all di
rections and the great national road is binding
it to the sea shore. Distance becomes com
paratively annihilated The most distant ex
tremes are brought close to the centre Our
trade is mostly with St Louis, a town which in
a few years past has taken a prodigious start.
There our merchants purchase their goods,
and thither send onrproduce. This transpor
tation is mostly done by heavy ox teams, which
carry from thirty to fifty hundred. The dis
tance is somewhat less than 100 miles, and
the price is fifty cents a hundred during at least
two thirds of the year, and rarely goes over
sevemy-nve cents.
I shall endeavor to answer your questions
promiscuously as they come in my way. One
point I desire to put prominently before you,
and the reason for it is. the almost universal
misconception of it in the East As a genera!
case, and almost invariably throughout all this
region, the prairies are the highest land. All
our timber stands on the water courses, from
the heads to their mouths. They head in the
prairies. Their depth of timber i3 from one
to lour and more miles across. Between tim
ber strips of laud, tbe prairies are found, from
one to ten miles wide. You may choose your
location as you please.
My opinion has changed since I have been
here. It appeared to me at first best to lo
cate in a prairie not over two miles wide. On
such a prairie most of my relatives have set
tled. You will be surprised to see on many
such prairies, the farms already joining each
other entirely across- There they must soon
have, as in the east, private pastures and med-
ows. But let the farmer settle on a point of
tim>berland, or on a wide prarie, and he wil,
have a vast range for his cattle in the summer,
and for the gathering his hay for winter. You
must not conceive that our prairies lie like
your bottom lands on the Susquehannah, Del
aware, Raritan, Hudson, Connecticut, 4*c.
No. There lie our timber regions. This is
the low land of the country. Between these
are our praries which is our tillage land. A-
long the edges of the timber strips our settle
oieuts are made. In passing from our prairies
to the water courses you invariably descend
cliffs from fifteen to twenty feet. So that our
arable lands are at these heights above the wa
ter courses. They are perfectly ventilated
and are and must be healthy. A gentleman
of large property who removed his family into
this town not long since, spent last evening
with me. He has lived a number of year.' in
Ohio, and travelled through most of the west
ern and southern States, and some of the north
ern. He affirms that in his opinion this is the
most inviting portion he has seen. And be has
acted accordingly. Two of our Physicians,
one having received his education in New-
Yorkand the other in Philadelphia, and both
having been in this country about ten years,
agree in stating that these parts arc as heahhy
as any other in the west. Even in the first
settling of it, the emigrants here did not suffer
so much with sickness as they did who first
felled the timbers of Kentucky, Oio, and New-
York. We have now been here more than a
year, and in a population of more than one
thousand, there have been only six deaths.—
One of these was an old man who died with
many infirmities, and two of them were infant
chmren. Tbe only one which died of what
might be called a fever of this country
was a daughter, shall 1 say of a fatalist,
who did not believe in means, and the child
was struck dead before a physician was called,
and died before any body knew she was sick.
Consider how the first emigrants came here.—
There were no roads, no bridges, no houses of
entertainment. Tney had no shelter on the
road but their wagons or tents. They en
camped in the open air every night, and swam
the creeks on their passage. When they ar
rived at their destination they had no bouses
to shelter them, till they felled green logs, and
covered them with green boards, and floored
them with green logs split in two, and filled
the crevices with mud. This often was in the
cold season of the year Then they had to
make their farm;—to plow and plant in its
season. Their workiug cattle, horses or oxen,
were in the prairies. Th'itber by the dawn of
day they had to go in search of them, and of
ten would spend hours to fiod them, wading
through the luxuriant grass, which would wet
them with the dew to their necks. Then in
the burning suu, without a change of garments,
they had to pursue their toil, and to toil hard.
Their provisions were of the coarsest kind
and scarce. Whether it was hot or cold, wet
or dry, they had to endure all with the very
worst accommodations. Now ifany man will
consider these things and the half is not told,
he will cease to wonder if they were sick: the
wonder with me is that there was not more
sickness. But these scenes are all changed
m these parts, or rather the very occasion of
them is gone by.
Tbe soil on all these prairies is a black loam;
when wet it 19 as black as a hat. It is from
eighteen inches to three feet in depth. Thou
sands of farms can be made on this, perhaps
the richest and most productive soil in (he
world, without the stroke of an axe or grub
bing hoe to clear the land. It is ready for the
plowshare. Will you believe me when 1 tell
you th© truth? So 1 speak, because it will ap
pear incredible. If you plant your corn in
rows on tbe bottom of furrows, as it breaks up
the prairie for the first time, and cover it with
your next furrow, you may as hundreds have
done, gather from thirty to eighty bushels per
acre, without another stroke of tbe plow har
row or hoe. Well cultivated farms yrcld from
fifty to one hundred bushels of coru per acre,
and other grains in like propotion.
Oar latitude is on a parallel with yours
You have, however, as they do throughout
New-Jersey, hotter and colder days than we
have. Our farmers raise all the cotton they
consume. Sweet potatoes flourish well. The
most abundant productions aro maize, cr Indi
an corn, wheat, rye, oats, and potatoes, with
a little labor and no manure. Fields which
have been under cultivation ten years, pro
duce as well as at first. 1 was on a farm a few
months since, made by an emigrant from Mor
ris Co., N. J , of 300 acres, inclosed and un
der cultivation. He had been in the country
about five years. It is doubtless without the tear
of contradiction, the greatest grazing country
in the United States. You may increase
your stock, if you please to anv amount The
praircs afford pasture for them in the summer
and yield hay for winter to any amount for the
trouble of mowing it. You will be surprised
when I tetl you that horses are «» high hero
as they are in New-Jsrsey. Such is the de
mand for them at the mines and in tbe South.-
Good cows are from 8 to 10 dollars a head.—
Cattle of every description sell for cash Ex
perienced farmers, men who are in (he busi
ness, tell me, if there were ten thousand cat
tle to he had in this country they would bring
the cash at your door. The reason is, drovers
come in from other states and drive them to
market. Hogs bring on your farm from 1 50
to 2 dollars per cwt. alive, and it is no uncom
mon thing to see from two to five hundred in
a drove, going to the mines of St. Louis, or
some other point. Some farmers have 100
head, and many raise 2000 bushels of corn.—-
Wheat may be bought from 30 lo 40 cents a
bushel. Still we have to pay from four to
five dollars a barrel for flour. We have many
mills around us; mostly turned by ox or horse
power. The want of good water courses for
mills is an evil felt iu all the west. But the
steam power is remedying it. Here is one of
the finest openings for a man of capital to in
vest his fuuds in a steam mill.
You ask me what kind of timber we have.
We have walnut, hickory, sugar maple, oak
in all its varieties, which are found in latitudes
between 35 and 45; wild cherry, sycamore, ash,
white wood or poplar, hn, cotton wood, hac-
bury, buckeye, &c. The water is of the lime
stone quality. Rock 13 found in this country
on all our water courses, but our ploughs aro
not impeded by stone on our farms Good wa
ter can be had every where by digging from 12
to 30 feet. The common depth is about 15
feet. Stone coal is found in abundance hero
and of good quality. From past experience,
and from what is now seen every where in the
older settlements, we draw the conclusion,
without the fear of mistake, that the more the
country settles for a long time to come, the
more timber there will le; so rapid is the
young growth where Hie fire is kept out of
the timber. And let the first course of farms
be located along the timber regions as th»y
are in some parts, and the evil of fires will Le=
remedied. The price of land unimproved is-
^ 1 25 per acre. Improved lands can be bad
for that sum and the improvements fairly ra
ted. And yet there is not much improvement,
in building. Mechanics who have well learn
ed their trades, are greatly needed. Indiffer
ent as their workmanship is, their charges are
higner tuan in your cities. This is the great
reason why many of them are idle halt their
tune. The farmer cannot afford to build at
this rate. Nor'will any man do it except from
necessity. We want more public spirit, moro
men of enterprize and industry; who are wil
ling to work all the lime, and at moderate wa
ges. Carpenters, masons, tanners, coopers,
carriage makers, blacksmiths, &lc, are wanted;
and as the country grows their bu.Mness will in
crease. The almost universal mode of trav
elling on horseback, which in a broken timbei
land is quite indispensable, is here but hula*
practised. This is the finest country for wheel
carriages in the Union. For a large part of
the year our roadi are incomparably superior
to most of our Eastern turnpikes.
Mechanics coming to this country should
purchase their tools at Wheeling P*.uburg. o;
Cincinnati. A Good saddler would meet with,
encouragement. A good watch repairer is
now needed. Our shoemakers are ftonig well
and might be increased. Let the stock be
laid in on your side of the Alleghany A
good tailor would be encouraged at moderate
prices. We have to pay six or seven dollars
for the making of a coat. Teachers for
schools are not so much encouraged but great
ly needed. Their compensation is from 150
to 200 dollars per year. In this place we
have one female school, which is sufficient for
us. Labor for farms can be hod for ten dollars
per month without much difficulty, but for do
mestic purposes with difficulty The articles of
merchandise most demanded are the domestic
fabrics of our country, cotton of alt kinds, sat-
tinets, cheap cloths, calicoes, and such articles
as are comonly used by the farming class in
tbe eastern states.
The most numerous religious denomina
tions in thi3 state are, Methodist, Baptist, and
Cumberland Presbyterians. Presbyterians of
our own denomination are few and far be
tween. But our prospects are brightening.
A year ago, we bad but seven ministers in the
state, now we have fifteen. We have had but
one presbytery, this year we shall have two.-
We are now attached to the synod of Indiana,
but at our next meeting we shall agree to form
a new one. Pious and talented laymen, can
aid in tbe cause of religion here in aU the Ways
they can in the ea9t, and can exert a more
needed and wider influence.
Emigration to this state is principally from
Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Indiana,-—
In conclusion 1 may observe, it is no uncom
mon occurrence to find families here who five
vearsago were worth little hut a few movea
bles, and had to borrow money to enter their