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HOUGHTON, JVISBET&BARNES,
Publishers and Proprietors.
*. .Of. BOlGHTOS, i
H. MNBET. { KdiMM.
TERMS.
FEDERAL UNION,
/. pnJ’iish&l Wukly, in the Darien Bank Building,
.*.t 92 00 per Annum, payable in advance,
$2 50 if not paid within three months, nnd
£3 00 if not paid before the end of the year.
UATKS OF ADVEBTESINO,
Per syuare of tirrlre lines.
One insertion $1 (W, and Fifty Cents for each sub
sequent continuance.
'i mse. sent without a specification of the number
insertions, will be published till forbid, and
harped accordingly.
]'■ -loess or Professional Cards, per year, where
v ffi> not exceed om; square - - - $10 00
A liberal coatraet will be made with those who wish to
Adtertisi by the year, occupying a specified space.
LEGAL ADV ERTISEMENTS.
Rales of Land and Negiues, by Administrators,
Executors or Guardians, arc required by law to be
1. id on the First Tuesday in the month, between
t hours of 10 in the forenoon and 3 in the after
noon, at the Court House in the County in which
the property is situated.
Notice of these sales must be given in a public
gazette 40 days previous to the day of sale.
Notice’s for the sale of personal property must be
givi-n in like manner 10 days previous to sale day.
N .tic s to the debtors and creditors of an estate
must also he published 40 days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
of i >r linary for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must
h published for two months.
Citations for letters of Administration, Guardian-
• flip, Ac., must l)e published 30 days—for disinis-
s wu from Administration, monthly sir months—for
dismission from Guardianship, 40 days.
Kales for foreclosure of Mortgage must be pub.
1: .lied monthly for four months—for establishing 1/ist
papers, for the full space of three months—for com-
|. lling titles from Executors or Administrators,
wh *re bond has been given by the deceased, the
full space of three months.
Publications will always be continued according
to these, the legal requirements, unless otherwise
ordered, at the following
RATE S:
Citations on letters of Administration. &c. $2 75
“ “ dismissory from Admr’on. 4 50
“ “ “ Guardianship 3 00
Leave to sell Land or Negroes 4 00
Notice to debtors and creditors 3 00
Sales of persponal property, ten days, 1 sqr. 1 50
Sale of land or nccToes by Executors, Ac. 5 00
E-trays, two weeks 1 f>0
1 \ ,r a nv.n ad vert is in er his wife fin advance) 5 00
ItliflH
VOLUME XXVII.]
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY. MARCH 3, 1857.
[NUMBER 40.
BUSINESS CAKDS
Messrs. A. H. & L. H. KENAN.
Are Associated is the Practice of Law.
Office 1 si Door upon 2d floor of
MA SOX 1C HALL.
Jan. 23d. 1857. 35 tf.
S. H. P A « liEIL
*lttornci/ n! l.tittt.
32 lyl COLQUITT, GA.
A. II. M’LAWS,
Attorney at Law,
32 ly*] BLAKELY, GA.
I> R a" £5 Cl JIJ; I N G,
.liiilon, II'Hkinson Cetstnlej fc«-,
Ti.xni'.iis his Professional services to the citizens
v: Wilkinson county. [Jan. G, 57, ly
TI1031.4S J. COX,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
NEWTON, Baker county, Ga.
March l’h 185G. 42 tf
DXL. CHAS. H. HALL,
.1flilledgevillc, Oa.
Oitice near the Court House. Country
CALLS PROMPTLY ANSWERED.
June 24th, Ib56. 4 tf
CIJAS. E NISBET,
A T T O 11 N E Y AT L A W,
Ctilfibert, Liu.
April 3d, ie54. 44
GHIEVE A GRIEVE.
A T T O R NEYS AT L A TF,
MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.
MILLER CU1EVE, SEN. MILLER GRIEVE, JR.
Oct. 7th, 1856. 13 tf
WALKER !>• KEWELL,
T T O R N EY A T L A TV,
i ly IRWINTON, GA.
.10114 G. THOMAS,
ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR AT LAW,
AMERICUS, GA.
TXT ILL at end all the Courts of the SOUTII-
YV Western Circuit.
May 20,1856. 51 ly
TUGS T. LOIVG,
A T TO R NE Y A T L A TU,
BRUNSWICK, GA.
\\T 1 CL practice in the Courts of Glynn, Wayne.
> V Camden, McIntosh, Liberty and Chatham.
of the Eastern Circuit; Charlton, Lowndes, Clinch,
VV re and Appling, of the Southern; also, Duval
county, Florida. 51 ly
J. A W. J. KELLEY,
COJIMISSIOj jnb fohwarmxg
CHATTANOOGA, TESY.
Sep..2,1856. 14 iv.
HINES HOBBS,
.ITT ORE IBS AT LAW,
ALBANY, GA.
1’. 'ice in Dougherty and the surrounding Coun
tics, in the U. S. Circuit Court, for the South
ern District Georgia, and in any county
in the State by special agreement.
New York—Cavliart, Brother & Co., Wolfe &
1; hop; Alexis. Bragg & Warren; E. & R. R.|
Graves: H.tvillaud, llarral A Risley ; A. P. llal-j
S v. Cash’r B’k N. V.
> w annaii, G v.—Belden & Co.; Bacon & Levy;
( over A Co; Patten, Dutton A; Co.; Rogers &
X. rris; C. H. Cainpfield, Esqr.
t tlAni.F.sroN, S. C.—Dewing, Thayer A; Co.;
* : lain, MilerA Co.; J. A E. Bancroft; E. B.
' lard & Co.; T. N. Horsey & Co.; P. A.
M isc. Esqr.
Mat o\, Ga.—E A. & J. A. Nisbet; Poe &
t J. L. Jones, Esqr.; I. C. Plaut, Esqr., Edwin
1 ■ ms, Ksqr,; Asher Ayres,-Esqr. 33 tf
i ::'.nr: man. Jr. j. w griffin.
IIAP.DYnviAN A GRIFFXOT,
TV Ii OLE SALE OR (J C ER $,
[DEALERS IN WINES, LIQUORS, TOBAC-
* ' < <), SEGARS and Groceries of every de-
u Iption.
Corner of Cherry and Third Sts.,
MACON, GA.
Sept. 2d, 1656. 14 tf
<5. MOSIs,
general land agent
FOR THE STATE OF GEORGIA.
WILL give tlie real owner of any lot, for $ 1 00;
* ’ " xaminc and report the value of any lot
■, $5 00. Will sell and convey for 5 percent.
1 - now agent for the sale of 2500 vacant lots
■ 8t, e, and some of the best farms in South
'll and Cit rokee, Ga. He nil! also buy lands in
“■ irt of the State, at a fair price.
4 • 'ett-rs addressed m him at Butler, Ga., will
“• t w >Ui promnt attention.
5ov 17, 1856. 26 ly
ETHERIDGE &, SON,
■ Commission and Forwarding
ts,
SAVANNAH, GA.
v Etheridge. w. d. etiif.ridge, Jr
/ 15th, 1856. 8 tf
MEDICAL NOTICE.
p 1 I adersigued having availed himself of all
‘vantages di a Course in the Jefferson
y "liege, at I’hilad< Iphia; and University of
‘ ; lork; Azlcttes private Lecture; Bedford’s
K .' 3 .’ facilities at llellveue and Emigrants
, ‘ 'i'-- and a practice of about three years; has
"is* , i at MARION, Twiggs county, where
1 a liberal share of patronage.
M . J. T. CHAPPELL, M. D.
^anon, 1 wiggg county, Jen. 15, 1857. 34 3m
£ AT0UTCN AMBROTYPE
OAI1LEH.Y !
T w. CAKLEY * WHITE,
lir' , takcn a rooin in Eatonton, will be
]xro' , t0 LIKENESSES in the most irn-
am;.. «» a very short time. Call and ex-
"t i ’i; Ur -P®ci;riens. As our stay will be short,
to cjU; “o,, who are in want of a good likeness
' eb l7 > 1857 * 38 tf
MONROE
FEMALE UNIVERSITY.
■■■■n —
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT.
FACULTY FOR AS5T.
Rev. VV ihiain C. Wilkes, A. M., President and
Prof, of Belles Lettres.
Richard T. Asbury, A. M., Prof. Mathematics.
I,ev. Alexis L. Marshall, A. VI., Prof. Languages
and Moral Science.
Rev. Thomas E. Langley, Assistant Prof, of
Mathematics.
Mis. Mary E. Chandler, Instructress in Higher
English.
Mrs. Mary A. Wilkes, Instructress in Botany.
Academic Department.
Lev. T. E. Langley, Principal, and Miss Laura
Fisher, Assistant.
Music Department.
Prof. William Fisher, Principal, and Mrs. M.
A. Wilkes, Assistant.
Ornamental Department.
Mrs. M. E. Chandler.
Board and Tuition in College, per scholastic
year, for $142 to $150.
The Teachers can Board 50 young ladies in the
College.
The Spring Term will begin on the 2nd Monday
January, 1857.
For further information address any officer of
the Faculty.
R. T. ASBURY, Scc’y. Faculty.
Forsyth, Ga., Dec. 13th, 1856. 30 *5m
VV ANTED,
A SITUATION AS A TEACHER.
A YOUNG LADY, well qualified to Teach Eng-
XY lish, French, Drawing, &e., would be pleased
to got a situation as an Assistant Teacher in some
Female College, or as Teacher in a F'emale Semi
nary. She has had considerable experience as a
Teacher, and can furnish the most satisfactory re
ferences as to character and qualifications. Ap
plication to the Federal Union Office, will meet
with prompt attention.
Dec. 10, 1856. 28 tf
TO COTTOIJ PLANTERS.
THE COTTON PLANTER'S MANUEL :
Being a Compilation of Facts from the
Best Authorities
ON THE CULTURE OF COTTON,
Its Natural History,
Chemical Analysis,
Trade nnd Consumption,
AND EMBRACING A HISTORY OF COTTON
AND THE COTTON GIN.
By J. A. Turner.
Price $1.
GARDENING FORJTHE SOUTH.
By W. N. White, of Athens, Georgia. A most
completc-manuel for every department of Horti
culture, embracing the Vegetable Garden, the
Fruit Garden the Flower Garden, and the Pleas
ure Grounds, adapted particularly to the Southern
States. Price $1 25.
To he obtained of all Booksellers, or sent by us
prepaid to any part of the Union on receipt ofpiice.
C. M. SAXTON & CO.,
Agricultural Book Publishers,
140 F’ultou-street, New-York.
Feb. 16, 1857. 38 4t*
City Lots For Sale.
1 VWO two Acre Building Lots, in front of my
. residence, lying on the street opposite the resi
dence of Mr Jeffries.
J. II. NISBET.
Millcdgeville, F’eb. 3d, 1857. 36 Ct.
GRIST MILLS. -
T HE best kind and fastest grinders, with Burr
Rocks, all complete, ready for use, at $100,
200, 300 and $400, each. F’or sale by
S. C. HILLS,
12 Platt st. New York.
Feb. 17th, 1857. 38 lm.
Cooper’s Refined Shred Isinglass,
FOR BLANC MANGE, TABLE JELLIES. &c.
A good and cheap article for Confectioners, Hotel
and Family use. To be obtained in large or small
quantities, with directions for using, of the princi
pal grocers and druggists throughout the United
States. PETER COOPER, New York.
32 3m.
Dr. McLANE’S
CELEBRATED
VERMIFUGE
L.IVER PILL.S.
Two of tile best Preparations of the Age*
They are not recom
mended as Universal
Cure-alls, hut simply for
what their name pur
ports.
The Vermifuge, for
expelling Worms from
the human system, has
also been administered
with the most satisfactory
results to various animals
subject to Worms.
The Liver Pills, for
the cure of Liver Com
plaint, all Bilious De
rangements, Sick Head
ache, &c.
Purchasers will please
be particular to ask for
Dr. C. McLane’s Cele
brated Vermifuge and
Liver Pills, prepared by
oFWiuYLa Saws.
sole proprietors, Pitts
burgh, Pa., and take no
other, as there are various
other preparations now
before the public, pur
porting to be Vermifuge
and Liver Pills. All
others, in comparison
with Dr. McLane’s, are
worthless.
The genuine McLane’s
Vermifuge and Liver
Pills can now be had at
all respectable Drug.
Stores.
FLEMING- BRO S,
GO Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sole Proprietors.
Scoril Jr Mead,So. Ill Charles et. New Orleans
General Wholesale Agents for the Southern
Statbs, to whom all Orders must be addressed.
rip” Sold by E. J. White; Jas. Herty; Win. L
White & Co, Millcdgeville; Geo. Payne, E. L.
Stroheker, Macou; I . Newell, Gordon; Beall <fe
Chambers. Iwnton: W. II. Burnett, Sparta; Z.
Gray, Sandersville; Long & Durham, Jcff. rson-
ville; N. S. Fruden, Eatonton; Hurd &. Hun-
gerford, Monticello; and by one agent in every
town in the State.[march 25. ’56. 1 y
Bliss’ Dyspeptic Remedy,
Sold by J. Herty and W. L White Co.
GROCERIES! GROCERIES!
T HE subscribers, thankful to their friends and
customers for their liberal patronage the past
year, beg leave to inform them that they are still
at their old stand,
Opposite the Post Office,
where they would be pleased to wait upon them,
with a
FULL ASSORTMENT
of all articles usually kept in tlieir line, consisting
in pari of
Stewart's ABAC Clarified Sugar,
Crushed. Powdered and Loaf Sugar,
Mocha, Java and Rio Coffee,
Sperm, Adamant and Tallow Candles,
Cuba Molasses and N. O Syrup, *
Mackerel, and F’ulton Market Beef,
Extra Family and Superfine F’lour,
Cheese. Rice and Seda Crackers,
Tabic Salt in bags and boxes,
Cast »ml Plow Steel,
Iron, Nails and Salt,
Lime and Plaster Paris,
Yellow and Mercer Potatoes,
Collins' Axes, Weeding Hoes,
Well, Log and Trace Chains,
Wooden Ware, Tubs, &c.,
Fine Wines and Brandies,
Window Glass, White Lead,
Lamp, Linseed and Train Oils,
Varnish, Turpentine, A c., Ac., with various oth
er articles. SCOTT & C'ARAKER.
Milledgeville, FYd). Gth, 1857. 37 tf
SOCTTHEIkDI LOTTERY !
On the Havana Plan of Single Numbers!
LOWEST PRIZE FORTY DOLLARS.
Jasper County Academy Lottery!
[ By Authority of the State of Georgia. ]
Class W, to be Drawn March 1 Gth, 1S57,
In Public, at SAVANNAH, GA., under the sworn
Superintendence of Major W. P. Bowen and
W. R. Symons, Esq. Saturday Schemes will be
drawn every Saturday at Macon, Ga. Monthly
Large Schemes will be drawn at Savannah,
about the 15th of every month.
Scorly one prize to every nine tickets—15,01)0 tickets
—1712 Prizes.
This Lottery has only Fifteen Thousand Num
bers—less than any Lottery in the world. Prizes
payable without deduction.
BRILLIANT SCHEME.
1 Prize of 15,000
1 “ 5,000
I “ 2,000
4 Prizes of $1,000 arc 4,000
5 “ 500 are 2,500
80 “ 100 are 8,000
1500 “ 40 are 60,000
APPROXIMATION PRIZES.
20 Approximations of $100 are $2,000
50 “ 50 are 2,500
50 “ 20 are 1,000
1,712 Prizes amounting to ..$102,000.
TICKETS $10; Halves $5; Quarters $2,50.
Purchase Ten Tickets ending with the consecu
tive numbers, 1,2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, and you
will draw back four-tenths of the amount paid for
the Tickets, besides the chances of obtaining Cap
itals’ Patrons will find it to their interest to buy
Certificates ofTen Tickets, ending consecutively
with 1,2, 3, 1,5,6, 7, 8, 9,0. By this plan they
forfeit the Prize ending with the same Number as
the Capital, and get four more chances in every
ten to gain the Capitals.
Certificates of Packages of ten tickets, are sold
at the following rates, which ds the risk :
10 Whole Tickets, $60 00
10 Half do 30 00
10 Quarter do 15 00
tfir Bank Notes of sound Banks taken at par.
Checks on New York remitted for Prizes.
1 VAddn-ss Orders for Tickets or Certificates
for Packages of Tickets to
JAMES F. WINTER, Manager,
Macon or Savannah, Georgia.
A PARTNER WANTED.
A GENTLEMAN who is now doing a profita
ble business, is desirous of obtaining a part
ner who can bring into the business a cash capital
of $1500 or $2,000, to a gentleman with such
means, a permanent and profitable investment can
be made by addressing “J. S.,’’ at Federal Union
Office.
February 3d, 1857. • 36 tf.
pot trn.
Hallowed be Thy Xante.
BY ELIZA COOK.
List to the dreamy tone that dwells
In rippling wave or sighing tree;
Go, hearken to the old chnrch bell,
The whizzing bird, the whizzing bee:
Interpret right, and ye will find
‘Tis "power and glory’’ they proclaim;
The chimes, the creatures, waters, wind,
All publish, “hallowed be thy name!
The pilgrim journeys till he bleeds,
To gain the altar of his sires:
The hermit pores above his beads,
With zeai that never wanes nor tires;
But holiest rite or longest prayer
That soul can yield or wisdom frame,
What better import can it bear
Thau F’ather, “eallowed be thy name!”
The savage kneeling to the sun,
To give his thanks or ask a boon,
The raptures of the idiot one, *
Who laughs to see the clear round moon,
The well taught saint in Christian lore,
The Moslem prostrate at his flame
All worship, wonder, and adore,
And end in “hallowed be thy same!”
W hat’er may be man's faith or creed,
These precious words comprise it still;
YVe trace them to the blooming mead;
We hear them in the flowing rill;
One chorus hails the Great Supreme;
Each varied brrathing is the same—
The strains may diff r, but the theme
Is "Father hallowed be thv name!”
“Profrastinalions.”
BY CHARLES MACKAY.
“If fortune with a smiling face
Strew roses on our way,
When shall we stoop to pick them up?
To-day fay lore, to day.
But should she frown with face of care,
And talk of coming sorrow,
When shall we grieve, if grieve we must!
To-morroic lore, to-morrow.
“If those who’ve wronged us own tlieir faults,
And kindly pity pray,
When shall we listen and forgive?
To-day my lore, to-day.
But if stern justice urge rebuke,
And warmth from memory borrow,
YVhen shall we chide—if chide we dare?
To-morrow lore, to-morrow.
“If those to whom we owe a debt
Are harmed unless we pay,
When shall we struggle to be just?
To-day my lore, to-day
But if our debtor fail our hope
And plead his ruiu thorough,
YYlieu shall we weigli his breach of faith?
To-morrow lore, to-morrow.
“If Love, estranged, should once again
Her genial smile display,
When shall v. e kiss her proffered lips?
To-day my lore, to-day.
But, if she would indulge regret,
Or dwell with bygoue sorrow,
YVhen shall we weep—if weep we must’
To-morrow lore, to-morrow.
“F'or virtuous acts and harmless joys
The minutes will not stay;
We’ve always time to welcome them
To-day my lore, to-elay.
But care, resentment, angry words,
And unavailing sorrow,
Come far too soon, if they appear
To-morrow, lore to-morroic.
JHisctllantcus.
nx.Es ! tix.es : rxx.ES ;
This hitherto intractable disease, of enry form and
in <eery stage,
CURED BY EXTERNAL APPLICATIONJONLY.
Dr. Cavanaugh’s Pile Salve.
W iki. never fail in giving immediate relief, nnd pus-
itively curing the worst and most obstinate cases
of Hemorrhoids or Piles. It is the
Only Infallible Remedy Knotcn
here or elsewhere for the Piles, and is the result of
years of patient study and investigation.
Sufferers from Piles now have a remedy at hand
which will STAND THE TEST OF TRIAL, with-
out a fear of failure on its part, to do all the proprietor
claims for it.
Full directions accompany each box ; and all that is
requisite is strictly to observe them, and a cure is cer
tain to follow.
The proprietor refers to the following testimonials
from gentlemen of character and standing, who have
voluntarily given their rertificates in its favor, in regard
to its efficacy in their own cases. Read them.
'The following is from one of the most reliable oili-
zeas of Chicago, the late Treasurer of Cook county, 111.
Chicago, July ‘23, 1853.
Dr.Cuvanaush—Dear *Sir : I wish hereby to make
known to the afflicted that 1 have been troubled with
the Piles for twenty years or upwards, and at times most
severely. Anu during a recent and exceedingly painful
attack, a friend procured a hnxqf your £alve and asked
me to give if a trial. I did so. Not, however, with the
expectation »>f benefiting my disease, for truly, I had
t ried so many applications 1 had lost confidence in all
But in making u»e of your Salve, I soon found that it
was doing tne good ; and really it is.iticrrdile to rnyself,
that with only about two weeks use of your £alve, I
am, so far as f can judge, a well man.
J most cheerfully make this statement, believing it
due both to yourself and such as may bo afflicted with
this most trying and painful disease. 1 do riot hesiate to
say ’.hat I consider your preparation an invaluable rem
edy for the Piles. Alost sincerely yours,
H. N. 1IDALD.
The Hun. Richard Vates, late member of Congress
from the Springfield, (Ills ) district, says :
Jacksonville, III., Nov 15, 1855.
Dr- Thus II Cavanaugh—Dear .Sir: The preparation,
Cavanaugh’s Pile Salve, which you furnished, I found
of creal service, producing an easy and speedy cure.
I do not hesitate to recommend it as an invaluable rem
edy for the Piles. Ue>peutfully,
KICHARD YATES.
For sale by F. G. Grieve, E. J, White & Bro., and
lames Herty, Millpdgeville, Ga., and by Druggists and
Dealers generally throughout the Stale. Price SI per
Box.
See Circulars in hands of Agents.
Jan 2fi. 1857. 35 ly
UIMjIAJI j. \vii.4 I!i:ec,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
WARRENTON, GA.
\\JTLL practice in the Northern and Middle Cir-
t T cuits of Georgia; and will practice in any
other part of Georgia where business pays well;
will also attend to collecting of Claims and Estates
in the United States, and to collection of Claims,
&e„ in England, F rance and the German States.
Feb. 3,1857. 36 Jy.
NTO IIUM33UG- I
C. LEOPOLD’S PATENT METAL.lt’
India Rubber Pens,
I jjXQU Sale at J. CANS’ STORE, the only agen-
. cy in Milledgeville. Price $2 per gross, with
six accommodation ladders, or 25 cents per dozen,
with one holder. These pens are coated with a
preparation of India Rubber, and warranted not
to corrudo. They are superior to any gold pen
for writing. Look particularly for the name of
C. Leopold, and got the genuine article.
Feb. 10th, 1857. 37 3m.
aUCOTAIs-
HISS FOXTOX m.'St respectfully announces to
the Ladies of Milledgeville and its vicinity that
she has taken rooms in the building formerly
known as the HUSON HOTEL, where she will
keep always an assortment of Hats, Caps, Head-
Dresses, Flowers. Ribbands, Ac. Also DRESS
ES made up in the most F ashionable Style. Al)
orders will be attended to with punctuality.
Jan 6,1857. 32 tf.
GEORGIA PENITENTIARY.
B Y' VIRTUE of an Executive order, cash will be
required previous to delivery of all manufac
tured articles or job work, excopt on cases of bar
ter.
Also, all those wiia are indebted to the Institu
tion. are respectfully requested to make immediate
settlement and save cost.
YYILLIAM TURK, P. K.
Jan. 3d, 1857. • 32 tf.
Blauk Deeds, Clerk's Executions, Administrator’s
Deeds, Jury and witness Summons, Sheriff’s Deeds,
A>tachments,tWritli Forthcoming Ronds, Ac, fbr<ale>
From the American Agriculturist, January.
CHAPTER OX C.HAPE CCETIRE.
BY WM. CHORLTOX.
It is quite probable that the Garden of
Eden contained a grape-vine, and that
Adam ate grapes equal in quality to those
produced by the cultivators of the present
day. We know that some four thousand
years ago they were in use, for we find that
“Noah began to be an husbandman, and
planted a vineyard, and drank of the
wine.’’ Further on, it is recorded that the
spies Moses sent into the land of Canaan
returned with a bunch so large, that “they
hear it between two upon a staff.” We
have also the evidence cf trustworthy
travelers, that buuehes of enormous size
are produced in many parts of the world,
and we have indisputable authority that
grapes of superior quality and size are
common in many countries whose inhabi
tants do not receive much credit for superi
or skill in cultivation. Now, although we
are slow to believe in the fabulous, there
is sufficient margin left to show that even
our best cultivators have made hut little
headway towards perfection, or gained
much superiority over the original natural
products of the vine. True, we have so
far applied skill and science as to get a
fair average sample under adverse climatic
influences, which is the most we can boast
of. Our own “natives” are still almost in
their primitive condition, notwithstanding
the thousands of acres now in cultivation,
and the millions of bottles of sparkling Ca
tawba annually made from the vintages of
the great West. The foreign varieties
which have now been cultivated under ex
pensive glass structures for the last two
hundred years, have, it is true, with the
gardner’s skill been made to produce fair
crops of fine fruit, hut in most cases they
have been an expensive luxury, when we
take into account the cost of thus raising
them, including the premature decay and
consequent reuewal of the vines. I am
well aware that these assertions will he
considered questionable by some, hut facts
stare us in the face, and as they stand the
test of argument, we may record them.
The excellence of this queen of fruits
has tendered it more desirable than most
others, and where wealth has been abun
dant, no expense would deprive the pos
sessor from enjoying this tempting delica
cy, providing there was any possibility of
securing it. In countries not suited to its
natural requirements, the difficulties of
cultivation have been surmounted by glass
structures and artificial heat, and the de
sire to satisfy the palate and produce a
rarity has so far succeeded by skill and
experience, that the exotic class of grapes
may be had fresli from the vines at all
seasons of the year, even in an inhospita-
bleTlimate. The artificial culture requires
the best talent, and much experience; hence
the high value which the intelligent and en
thusiastic garduer places upon his knowl
edge and labors. Here there certainly is a
great triumph, and so long as moneyed epi
cures desire such enjoyments, and arc wil
ling to pay for them, there will continue to
he a supply. But this part of the subject is
foreign to the one we commenced with, viz:
to show that we have much yet to learn
before we approach perfection in the gen
eral culture of the grape, and that in con
sequence of our ignorance, much time and
money are wasted, and still more, the
vines themselves are reduced to a weak,
unproductive state, if not entirely des
troyed.
Observant men are usually free in ex
pressing their opinions, and as the best
cultivators have not been lacking in obser
vation, we have had more opinion and
dogma, and diversity ot experience upon
this topic, than on any other in the whole
range of horticultural science, If with
tips multitude of reasonings and great va
riety of individual conceit, there had been
an equal amount of physiological under
standing, it presumed that we should have
had by this time the best and truest meth
ods, as commonly understood, as is the
growing of a cabbage.
Owing to tlie failures that have so often
been witnessed, many persons have thought
that some mysterious skill is required, and
have been deterred from making the at
tempt, further than with the native sorts
in out-door culture; while others, being
aware of the expense (often worse than
useless), have not attempted the cultiva
tion. The first of these preventatives is
the result of ignoreace, and the other is
only partially needed. The grape vine,
whether it be the Exotic, planted in the
grapery, or tlie Native, grown outside, in
any and all its conditions, only requires a
soil suitable to its wants, and composed of
materials mechanically and chemically
formed, to support in a healthy condition,
its periodical developetnent and centrali
zing powers, and a corresponding natural
or artificial climate..
To elucidate this matter more practical
ly, let us first notice the Natives, and we
shall always find that a free, open and ele
vated, but sheltered situation, with a well
drained subsoil, or oue where the superflu
ous water can pass off readily, suits them
best; there is also a difference in the vari
eties, some being more tardy in their ac
tion and developetnent, which will do best
in a warm latitude.
Another class, whose cellular arrange
ment differs from the former, are more
readily excited by warmth, and conse
quently better adapted to those northern
lattitudes where we find them in their na
tive state. To successfully cultivate these
latter, we must carefully examine the con
ditions under which they appear to suc
ceed best, and follow nature in our culti
vation.
Notwithstanding they are so generally
diffused, there are some localities and soils
much better adapted to them than others.
A calcareous soil, containing much decom
posed vegetable matter, will always be
found most acceptable, hut is not in all
cases indispeusible.
There are thousands of acres of rocky
hill-sides over the country which contain a
sufficiency of soil in each of the many
clefts and small hollows, for a grape vine.
Many of these are now covered with brush
wood, of no value, and are incapable of
being turned to good account in any other
way. Yet here we have some of the very
best sites for vineyards, which can he
planted with very little expense except
clearing, burning and strewing the ashes
upon the same ground. In such places the
roots delight to run, providing there are a
few inches of soil to cover them, for they
will lap around and creep under the rocks,
and will draw moisture and nourishment
out of the stone itself. This is one of the
most natural positions for the grape vine,
in which, if the most luxuriant growth be
not always secured, there will he a good
crop of finely flavored fruit, and an ab
sence of some of those diseases that we
have often to complain of in a more artifi
cial state of culture: Here the branches
may he allowed to ramble over the rocks
and inequalities of surface; and, except
ing judicious pruning, take tlieir own way.
and it need’s no poet’s eulogy to portray
the beauty of such picturesque scenery.
One of the greatest errors which is often
committed, is planting the grape vine in
confined and naturally damp situations,
when the plant will never succeed so as to
give perfect satisfaction. There may be
isolated examples where the reverse seems
to happen, hut these are only exceptions,
and it will generally he found, even here,
that there are some modifying influences or
peculiar accidental assistance. It may he
thought from the foregoing, that we con
demn entirejy all locations which are not
dry and elevated. Not at all—we only
mean to state that such are the most natu
ral, and certain to secure constant prosper
ity and freedom from disease, with highly
flavored fruit, which makes the best wine.
Even a low spot may be made suitable for
raising good table fruit when efficient un
der drainage is carried out. If the water
lies stagnant in the subsoil, chemical ac
tion is prevented from going on, and offen
sive gasses do not escape, so that instead of
nutriment for the roots to absorb, there is
only a poisonous exhalation surrounding
them. We would, in this particular, wish
to he clearly understood, otherwise exam
ples would seem to contradict our argu
ment, as sometimes a grape vine is found
more thaTi usually luxuriant by the side of
a stream, or with roots traversing a drain.
No doubt many persons have noticed such
instances, hut it must he borne in mind
that in these, decomposition of the mate
rial, in which the roots are found, is con
stantly going on, and fresh food continual
ly provided. Reasoning from such ex
tremes lias nothing to do with general prin
ciples. Nature, to our dim vision, some
time, takes very singular freaks, which, to
a superficial mind, may seem to demon
strate a constant reality; hut while we
are possessed with sufficient practical infor
mation, which will lead to success, we
should advise only a pursuit of that which
is known as certain, leaving exceptions to
experimenters.
The Duty on Sugar.—The House of
Representatives of Louisiana have adopt
ed, by a vote of 15 to 6, the following pre
amble and resolution, against the repeal or
suspension of the sugar duty :
“Whereas, a hill has been introduced
into the Congress of the United States to
repeal or suspend the duty existing at
present upon foreign sugars imported into
the United States; and whereas, under the
depressed condition of the sugar interests
of the State of Louisiana, produced by the
almost total failure of the cane crop of
1S56, the passage of such a law T at this
juncture would operate with peculiar hard
ship upon the only agricultural interest of
the South that derives any protection from
the revenue hill of the general gu\ eminent
enacted in 1S46:
“Beit Resolved by the Seriate and House
of Representatives in General Assembly eon-
vened, That we do most earnestly remon
strate against and deprecate the enact
ment of such a hill, and that our Senators
he instructed, and Representatives in Con
gress be requested, to oppose its passage.”
Slave State out of California.—
The San Francisco Herald, urging the
Democracy of that State to a careful selec
tion of Senators, sound upon the Kansas-
Nebraska platform, says:
“We have no hesitation in asserting the
probability that before the lapse of six
years, the Senate of the United States will
be called upon for the practical assertion
of the principle of that law, by the admis
sion of a slave State on the Pacific coast
North of thirty-six degrees and thirty
minutes. Will the Senators from Califor
nia be prepared to advocate, with zeal and
energy, the right of the people of such a
State to decide upon tlieir own institutions,
without reference to geographical lines V’
Population of Missouri.—A census of
the State of Missouri, which has just been
takoa, shows a total of 912,206, divided as
follows : Free whites, 819,593; free blacks,
2,652; slaves, 89,590. Increase of white
population in six years, 224,453, or over
28 cent.; increase of slaves, 1,823, or a
fraction over two per cent.
An English Sketch of Janies Buchanan.
The current number of the English Nctc
Quarterly Review, contains a paper upon
our new President. It is apparently
from the pen of a brother diplomatist of
the late American Ambassador to the
Court of St. James. After a resume of
the condition of the United States, the
writer thus portrays Mr. Buchanan’s char
acter, and indicates his policy as Presi
dent:
“Mr. Buchanan has one quality, and
perhaps only one, in common with Louis
Napoleon, he keeps his own counsel. In
both instances it has been a soucre of
power and a means of success. It is
easier to offer auegative than a positive
affirmation as to the policy of the future
President. He will certainly not be a
King Log. He will he no puppet in the
hands of his supporters; nor will he, know
ingly, allow his friends to sway his better
judgment. He will not blindly commit
himself to a one-sided policy, nor rashly
throw defience in the face of all parties
and governments who declare for the
interests of civilization and humauity.
It is only by a knowledge of his person
al and political character that an opinion
can be formed of the policy the President
elect is likely to pursue. By giving our
readers a description, borrowed from those
who have long known him. inferences
may he drawn as to his* probable conduct
when the time comes for him to exercise
the high powers with which he has been
invested. Physically, he is a large, pow
erfully built man; indeed, neither physi
cally, morally, nor polically, is there any
thing little about him. He is above six
feet high, large-limbed, and of fair com
plexion, and, although past sixty, still
shows that he was in earlier days; what
the other sex, who must be allowed to de
cide in such matters, call a handsome man.
He has the habit of holding his head
inclined to one side, and sometimes par
tially closing one eye, as if to prove; what
was undoubtedly the case during his mis
sion in this country, that he could sde a
vast deal more with half an eye than all
our Ministers when they opened both
theirs to the fullest extent, as they had to
do more than once, if all tales he
true, during the course of their ‘trans
action of business with Mr. Buchanan.
He is hale and vigorous, of regular and
active habits, and unexceptionable moral
conduct, conscienciously religious, a Pres
byterian, with more indulgence for those
of other creeds than is somtimes found in
persons of that persuasion; kind-hearted,
generous, and charitable, as many instan
ces reported by those who know him will
prove; distingushed for great prudence and
sagacity in making his decisions, and for
firmness in their execution when taken.—
He has forethought and cool self-posses
sion, conservative in opinion and policy,
and proves the soundness of his judgment
by being favorable to the Conservative
party in England. He has been heard
to say more than once. “It is remark
able that the Conservative leaders and
party in England have always been more
inclined to he friendly with the L T . States
than the Whigs.’ In this, by the way,
he is not singular, for we have heard a
simalar opinion expressed by other distin
guished Americans.
He has been from early life a successfull
lawyer ih extensive practice, and most
ably filled the highest posts in the Govern
ment, next to that of President, having
been Secretary of State, Envoy to St.
Petersburgh, &c. He never was married;
an early and mutual attachment is spoken
of by his friends, whose object was by one
of those terrible dispensations which cer
tain, steadfast natures never can forget,
snatched from him. Like another distin
guished American, Washington Irving,
who suffered a similar bereavement, he
has remained faithful to the memory of
herwhomhehas lost Although the pri
vate lives of men in high stations are con
sidered as belonging to the public domain,
it would not, we think, be delicate to al
lude more particularly to the circumstan
ces attendant on'this deep affliction in
the outset of Mr. Buchanan’s career.—
What we have said suffices to show that
no cold insensibility of character condemn
ed him to celibacy,
In manner Mr. Buchanan is courteous,
and in conversation mild and deliberate,
with a smack of tho old sohool. His bear
ing is calm and dignified, his temper and
language under complete control, although
on occasions, when he has conceived that
personal or official slight was intended, he
has shown that, although his parents were
Irish, he can vindicate the claim
of his family to a Scotch origin, by act
ing up to the motto, Nemo me impune
lacessil.
The Sea Shell.
“That is the roar of the ocean that you
hear,” said our hostess as we lifted from
the centre-table a beautiful shell and placed
it to our ear. It is true there was a low
murmur, like the roar of the far off seas,
rising and falling, as if bore upon waves of
air; now clear and distinct as the dash on the
beach, and again, low and tremulous as the
dying winds. We closed our eyes and
listened to the murmur of the shell. As we
listened we dreamed. We stood on the
beach as itstretched away, the restless swell
curling with foam, and dashing wearily
upon the sands. Solemn, almost sad was
the murmuring anthem which sobbed on
the still air It is a sublime scene—the
ocean. The throbbsng pulse of the
mighty element beats slowly at your
feet.
Ten thousand fleets have swept over thee
in vain, for as far as the eye can see, there
is not a track where their keels have been.
It is a trackless waste. Not even a cross is
seen to mark the spot where crime has
been. There are no monuments where
thousands have been laid down in the
yielding waves. Where are the gallant
fabrics which have sunk in the ‘deep, deep
sea?’ Where did the gloomy billows
open to the illfated President!
There was the gallant Arctic, steaming
homeward under full sail, and warm hearts
beating faster under deck at the thought of
green hills, soon to rise from the waters.
But the shock came, and fast the remorse
less waters rushed into the ill-fated steam
er. Slowly, like the march of fate, the
huge fabric sank. One wail went up to
God, and downward weut the Arctic with
her living freight, with sail set. Secure from
storm and decay', she is anchored beneath
the sullen waters. Her sails are filled by
the dark green waves as they ebb and flow.
No smoke curls from her chimney tops, for
her great irou heart, has ceased to trob.—
Undisturbed, the dead ones still rest upon
the slippery deck. Holland is still by the
side of his gun, match in hand. The
womanly locks float out in the waters, and
the damp cheek rests cold and still in the
clasped hands. Manly faces look up stern
ly among the shrouds. The stripes and
stars and the cross of St. George lift weari
ly in the ebb and flow of the tide. And
wherever ther-. is a heart which longs for
the loved ones under the waves, the sheli
will brine sobbing mnrmers to that
heart.
Thickly strewn are the dwellers on the
ocean bed. Its steps and deep dark
glens, are all peopled. But they dwell in
peace. The march or fall of Empires is
not heard. Rust has gathered on tho
blade aud in the cannon’s mouth.-—
The inhabitants of the deep, gambol
unharmed about the battle craft, whose
oaken ribs Lave shivered with deadly
broadsides.
No monuments on the ocean. Man has
pi]ed the earth with the structure of his
genius and ambition. Earth’s greatness
is comemorated in marble and upon can
vas. But the sea has no tale to tell. Far
down and unseen are the monument build
ers, the coral; and the waves, as they
throb to tha shore, bear no record of the
dead.
Neither has the shell a word from the
ocean sleepers. ’ It murmurs only of the
whispering winds and waves.
The Strength of Solid and Hollow Brick,
Experiments have lately been made in'
England to test the relative strength of the
above named kinds of brick, by Messrs,
Horner & Moleswortb, Civil Engineers,
and the results of these experiments have
been published in the Journal ofthe Society
of Arts.
Theexperiments were made with aS$-inch
hydraulic press; the plunger by which the
pressure was applied was 1 inch in diameter
and the weight was suspended to a lever
which multiplied the pov. er 15 times. In
applied the transverse strains, however
shorter lever, which only multiplied the
power by 5 tv^sused. The pricks subjec
ted to a crushing force were faced, so as to
remove all inequalities; they were theu
bedded on a sheet of thin lead, aud another
sheet placed upon them.
The presure was communicated by a cast
irou plate so arranged as to adjust itself to
the brick and distribute the pressure uni
formly over thewhole surface. The weight
were carefully applied and allowed to come
to a full bearing before more were added.
In exposing the brick to a transverse
strain the supports were placed two inches
apart, and the weight gradually applied to
the center by means of a spring balance
The solid brick made by machinery were
the strongest. A solid brick of S lbs.
weight, made by a machine, withstood a
crushing weight of 116 tons, while a hollow
brick weighing 7 lbs. only withstood a
crashing weight of 47 tons. A solid brick
made by hand, weighing 5^ lbs. withstood
only a crushing weight of 13 tons.
When exposed to transverse strain, hol
low bricks weighing 6 lbs. only withstood a
breaking weight of 3 tons while solid brick
weighing 8| lbs. required 9 tons weight
to break them. Solid bricks made by hand
weighing 9 i lbs. were broken by a weight
of 4 h tons.
In these experiments one fact appears
remarkable, namely, the great strength of
machine-made brick in comparison with
those made by hand, according to their
weight. Thus a machine made solid brick
weighing 8 ^ lbs. withstood a transverse
strain up to 9 tons 17 cwt., while a baud
made solid brick of 9£ lbs. was broken with
4 tons 8 cwt. Hollow aud perforated
machine-made brick were much stronger
than the solid hand made brick, although
weaker than solid machine brick. In
molding brick by machinery the presure
exercised on the clay is much greater
than can be by hand; the particles of the
clay and sand are, therefore, brought into
closer contact, and their cohesive powers
thereby greatly increased by the intimate
connection of all parties.
These expereiment are of great value, and
feord evidence of some of the benefits con-
prred upon the arts by machinery in com-
arison with hard labor. Brick machines
do away with one of the most laborious
human drudgeries, and at the same time
produce a superior manufacture.
An Affecting Story.—Thrilling accounts
are given in the Marysville papers of the
chase of two lovyers by an enraged third
party (the parent,) who, as we take up the
story, was following them across the Yuba
river:
“Augustus saw the fury depicted in
tee old man’s face, and deeming discretion
the better part of valor, made a dead halt
in the road and concluded to surrender.—
Maria was frantic. Leaping suddenly from
her horse, and walking around through mud
knee deep, she gathered her husband by
the legs and dragged him to the ground.—
Then grasping him tightly around the neck,
she shouted to her father, who was now in
speaking distance—
“You sbant part ns, Right here, up to
our knees in mud, we will live and die to
gether!”
The old man started hack in amaze
ment.
“Yes,” muttered the half used up Au
gustus, “we’ll die right here in the
mud.”
“But, Maria—my child”—groaned
the old man, “are you not my daughter
still?”
“Yes,” was the reply, “and I’m his wife
too.”
“And are you married!”
“We are,” exclaimed both.
The old inan looked daggers for a mo
ment, closely scrutinized the couple as
they clung to each other in the mud, and
•turning his horse’s head toward the city,
he started off, saying—
“ That's all 1 wanted, to know. You
can now get out of the mud and come
homeV’
Civility is a Fortune.—Civility is a for
tune in itself, for a courteous man always
succeeds well in life, and that even when
persons of ability sometimes fail. The
famous Duke of Marlborough is a case in
point. It was said of him by one cotempo
rary, that his agreeable manners often con
verted an enemy into a friend; and, by
another, tiiat it was more pleasing to be
denied a favor by his Grace, than to receive
one from other men. The gracious manner
of Charles James Fox preserved him from
personal dislike, even at a time when he
was politically the most unpopular man
in the kingdom. The history of our coun
try is full of examples of success obtained
by civility. The experience of every man
furnishes, if we but recall the past, frequent
instances, where concilatory manner have
made the fortunes of physicians, lawyers,
divines, politicians, merchants, and, indeed,
individuals of all pursuits.
In being introduced to a stranger; his
affability, or the reverse, creates instan
taneously a prepossession in his behalf, or
awakens unconsciously a prejudice against
him. To men, civility is in tact, what
beauty is to a woman; it is a general pass
port to favor; a letter of recommendation
written in a language that every stranger
understands. The best of men have often
injured themselves by irritability and con
sequent rudeness, as the greatest scoun
drels have frequently succeeded by their
plausible manners. Of two men equal in
all other respects, the courteous one has
twice the chance for fortune.—Philadel
phia Ledger,
A Mr. Atkins, of Wolcott, Con., walked
out monday last from Bristol to his home,
a distance of about six miles. On enter
ing the house he said he never felt bet
ter iu his life, and felicitated himself ou en
durance of the extreme cold. But a cheer-
fulfire soon revealed the fact that his feet
were frozen like clumps of ice, and while
immersing them in a tub of cold water they
actually congealed the water. His suffer
ings were excruciating. His feet are still
black, and have no sensation,