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BOlGHTOfl, NISBET & BARNES,
Publishers and Proprietors.
N. X. BOl'CHTO.tl, J _
J4IS. H. NINBKT. j
THE PUDBRAl UNION,
Is published II eekly, in lilledgei'ille, Ga.,
Corner of Hancock and Wilkinson Sis.,
(opposite Court House.)
At S2 a year in Advance,
(Unless ix Advance, $3 Per Annum.)
RATES 03' ADVERTISING.
Per syvare of twelve tines.
One insertion $1 00, and fifty cents for each subsequent
continuance.
T’liD-.e "It without the specification of the number of
insertions will be published till forbid and chareed
accordingly.
Business or Professional Cards, per year, where they
do not exceed Si* Lines ... $1000
A libera! contract rill be made with those who wish to
Advertise by the year, occupying a specified space
LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS.
Sales of Land and Negroes, by Administrators, Ex*
editors or Guardians, are required by law to be held
on the first Tuesday in the month; between the hours of
|0 in t ie forenoon and three in the afternoon, at the
Court house in the county in which the property is sit
uated.
Notice of thesesales must be given in a public ga-
to days previous to the day of sale.
Notices forthc sale of personal property inuat be giv
en in like manner 10 days previous to sale dnv.
Notices to the debtors and creditors ol an estate must
al~o be published 40 days.
Notice that application will be made to (he Court of
Ordinary for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must be
published for two months.
Citations for letters of Administration Guardianship,
A c., must be published 30 days—for dismission from
Administration, monthly six months—for dismission
trom Guardianship, 40 days.
Rules for foreclosure of Mortgage muRt be published
Vi oil ipyforfour months—for establishing lost papers.
forthI full space of three months—for compelling titles
fi nal Executors or .administrators, where bond has been
given by the deceased, the full space of three
mouths.
Publications will always be continued according to
tl.'-se, the legal requirements, unless otherwise ordered
at the following
RATES:
Citations, on letters of administration, Ac. $'2 75
“ “ dismissory Irom /Idmr’n. 4 50
“ “ “ Guardianship. 3 00
Leave to sell Land or Negroes 4 00
Notice to debtors and creditors. 3 00
Sales of personal property, ten days, 1 sqr. 1 .ifl
Sale of land or negroes by Executors, Ac. pr sqr. 5 00
Estrays, two weeks 1 50
For atnan advertising his wife (in advance,) 5 00
VOLUME XXXI.]
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY, JANUARY 1, 1861.
[NUMBER 32.
Extraordinary Inducements!
NEW STORE ! NEW GOODS!
T WOULD BESPECTFULLY invite the aiten-
X. turn of the citizens of Milledgeville, and the
surrounding country, tornv
FAT .T. STOCK
—OF—
DRY GOGHS!
AKD READY HADE CLOTIIIYC.
H0.BOOTS AND
SHOES !HL
GKNEUAL ADVERTISEMENTS.
J. A. L W. W. TURNER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
October, IS, 1859.
Eatonton, Ga*
21 ly.
COATES 4 W00LF0LK
Mturtljousc nnb Commission
MERCHANTS,
\ItK now open and prepared for the reception of
t ..It.Ill Ot their SEW FIRE PROOF WAREHOUSE,
opposite Hardeman A Sparks. We will endeavor to
prove ourselves worthy of the patronage of those who
will favor us with their business. Liberal advances
made on cotton when desired.
Macon Ga., Sept. 21, 1859. 18 tf.
JOHN T. B0WD02CT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
V.ATOVTON.GA.
Eatonton, Ga., Feb. 14, I860. 38 tf.
1515. LIITLE’S
VERMIFUGE.!
lit LARGE Baltics and Vials.
•tiling elw is required to reli*r® children of
• -iid L«»sides being cue of the cheapest and
ifng«»s ever offered to the public. Its fre-
h ii-«c in families will save much trouble and
•iihc, a% well as the lives of many children—for
l out of every ten ca*es generally require it.
.t V
A CARD.
I>R. J B GORMAN having extensively used LIT-
n.K'S VERMIFUGE, takes pleasure in saying it
f* ihe most valuable remedy to cure children of
WORMS he ever knew. A dollar bottle is quite
sr.liicient f*»r 25 cases.
TalboTTOS, Ga., Feb. 3, lSf*0.
LITTLE’S
ANODYNE SOUGH DROPS.
A certain cure for Cold*, Onugh.f, BronchUU,
Asthma, Pain in the Breast; also Croup,
Whooping Cough*, &c., Ac.,
amongst Ihildrcn.
This is a pleasant medicine to take, producing im
mediate relief, an 1 in nine out of ten cases a prompt
rure It exerci*c-* the most controlling influence
over Coughs and Irrigation of the Lungs of nay re
medy known, often stopping the roost violent in a
f.*w hours, or at tn«,f*t in a day or two. Many cases
thought to be decidedly consumptive, have been
promptly cured by osing a few bottles. As anodyne
expectorant, without astringing the bowels, it stands
pan*mount to all cough mixtures.
LITTLE’S s
FRENCH MIXTURE.
This is prepared from a French Recipe («B the
forms of No. 1 aud 2; the first for the acute, and
V 2 for the chronic stage,) and from its unexampled
► ucf*>s is likely to supersede every other remedy
for the cure of diflMM of the Kidneys aud Bladder,
Gonorrhoeal, Blennorrliaal, and Leuchorrhceal or
Floor Albas affections. This extensive compound
cm bines properties totally different in taste and
character from any thing to be found in the United
States Pharmacopeia ; aud in point of safety and effi
ciency is not rivalled in America.
I.ITTLE’S
RINGWORM & TETTER OINTMENT.
FORTIS, So. a.
Hundreds of cases of Chronic Tetters, Scald Heads,
and diseases of the skin generally, have been cured
l y this remedy; and since ihe introduction of the
Nj 2 preparation tbeing stronger) scarcely a case
L i - been found tiAit it will n«»t effectually eradicate
la a short time. For the cuie of Cancerous Sorea
r.ad Ulcers it is applied in the form of plasters, and
i- almost infallible.
Iu more than two hundred places in Georgia, and
in the Southern States, they are to be bad : and aa
t-iere are scamps about who are counterfeiting his
remedies, by palming off their own or something
el-e, by using the same or similar names (for no pa-
t-r.t is wanted or secured amid the absurd patents of
t.*.*■ day.) let all be cautioned to look well for the
s nature of the Proprietor, thus:—
H
CO
<
H
W
K
nd also his name blown into the glass of each bottle. ^
4e‘ All orders and letters to be addressed to
LITTLE & BR0., $
Wholacala Draoriat*. Macea <2*
Sold by all Druggists in Milledgeville.
HERTY & HALL, Agents.
(HEROKEE REMEDY!
AN UNFAILING CURE FOR
:rraoea and ail Diseases of the Urinary Organs,
REM KDY cures when all other preparations fail. It is
It i. . tl. r.-a t" '.III- publir, <•:. lU ow“ lntnnijt.- n'^nti.
n-it. dulv qniikly and Un.roo*hly.ThtUNF ( »RTU-
I.'.h.r. x will !»■ repaid bv u.m* tlna RKMKDk , m-
ilm.-i„e th.-in-.-iv.- at the mercy of • >me Quack <>r Profr.-
IlKMEDY -trik.-. at tic- very KOOT of the dkvo'vE
i„ I10 f rininlv to suspend the position, but to REMO • B
t I SK on wjmli it depeuds,—Full direction* m pL*uiphlet
.n.panv rerh bottle.^The apegdr andolEET*
Ti t- Remedv. ill «u rases of OONOR-HCBA OLEET:
L STRICTURE, FLUOR ALBL8 (WHI1ES IK
-K3), and «lid;.< s*e* of the Urinary . OwmL baa arton-
•u. •• fhe arc. Thi.
■•all POISON from the SYSTEM but INVIGORATES
its'!. not"aFFECT the BREATH or INTERFERE
CLASS of BUSINESS, or require any deviation from
require, nn stanee from other toedieine wTIBF
id what ENHANCES ita VALUE,to ^'ENTIRE
CE „f ,11 NAI’SKAI STASTE, bnn, a PLEASANT
LICIOUS SYRUP. . , ..
*2 Der bo'tle or three bottle* lor ¥?■
POTTER 1c MERWIN, Sole Proprietor*,
yk 90 Aft I,-'* St. LOUIS, MO.
n MilledrevMe.VHERTY fc HALL, and all Dru„irta
"Ut the South.
MlitlESOEYlLUB
ON AND BRASS FOUNERT!
k'ELEY A FERROWS would respectfully in-
irni the public that they are now prepared to
e any work in their line with neatness and dei
sucli nr SUGAR MILL ROLLS, turned or un
l, of any size, from 20 to 120 dollars per sett,
iH KETTLES from 30 to 120gallons . Saw and
Mill Machinery; Gin Gear of any size.
ins; for House, Garden, Balconies,
nil Cemeteries, at Eastern Prices.
and Clock Weights, Window Sills and Caps,
pindles, and Fanning Mill Irons of all desenp-
tnade of the best materials.
" Wurlr Warranted.
Ifdgeville, Jan. 24. 1S0». U tf
which will be sold as Low for Cash, or Loaver.
than any other House in the City; and warranted to
give Satisfaction. I am just receiving my stock of
FALL GOODS,
Knowing the wants and tastes of my Customers.
I have selected with great care, the Latest
Style and Fashion, of all kinds of
DRESS GOODS,
tb.xxyinxxnas i
SHAWLS!
Aud a Large Assortment of
Silks, aud all Styles of
WHITE GOODS.
Also, a Large yVssortment of KSBDI.F
WORK, AND ALL KINDS OF
Best made Calicos, from 7 to 10 cents.
BOOTS A IV X> SHOES !
A Large Supply of GENTS, LADIES, MISSES,
and CHILDREN'S. Also a Large Lot of BRO
GANS, for Negro wear, from 8U cts. to !?• 30 cts.
It HATS! CAPS!
EATS ANS CAPS, a
Large Assortment of MENS, BOYS, AND
CHILDREN.
HOOP SKIRTS!
30 Springs, Good Quality, $1 00, and Finer
Grades in proportion.
BLANKETS S
Fine Bed, Mackinaw, Negro, Horse, Railway,
Crib, &c., &.c.
Now is yottr time ! Come one, Come
all! and look at my Latge Stock of GENTS,
BOYS, and CHILDREN, and SJaRV-ANTS
(Khwimum
Also a Large Assortment of
GEMS FURNISHING GOODS!
Consisting of Shirts, Collars, Drawers, Under
Shirts, 4c., Ac.
CASH BUYERS, will find that they can save
money by making their Purchases here, as my
Large Stock must be disposed ot during the pres
ent Season.
J. ROSENFIELD.
Wayr? st.. 2 doors above Grieve & Clark’s
Drum Store.
Milledgeville, September 5th, I860. 1C 4m.
WASHINGTON HALL.
This House is still open to the public.
S PEl’lAL arrangement will be made for
the accommodation of the Mtnfbers to
the approaching STATE CONVENTION,
and the future Sessions of the Legislature.
The rates and terms at this House, will cuiilonn to
those of the other Public Houses in this city.
N. C. BARNETT.
Milledgeville, Ga. Dee. 15tli, 1860. 30 dw.
ifflfe
SANFORD’S
LIVER INVIGORATOR
I\crcr Debilitates.
I T IS COMPOUNDED ENTIRELY from GUMS,
and has become an established fast, a Standard
Medicine, known and np-1 iproved by all that have
lined it, and i«. now ro«o»-j • , t«d to-wltli eot.fi.i. nee 1:1
all the diseases for which w 1 it is recommended.
It has cured thousands Q within the last two years
who had given up all I- j hopes of relief, as the
numerous unsolicitedcer-l“ j tificates in my possesa.ou
show. <
The dose mast be|m 'adapted to the tempera
ment of the individual p| taking it, and used iu
such quantities as to act .O . gently on the Bowels.
Let the dictates of jij your judgment guide you
in the use of the Liverl Invigorator, and it will
cure Liver Complaints, I BilliousAttacks, Dyspep
sia, Chronic Diarrhoea, ^ Summer Complaints.Dy
sentery, Dropsy, Sour g Stomach. Habitual Cos-
tiveness,Cholic, Cholera, I Cholera Morbus. Cholera
lnfuutmn, Flatul e nee, p Jaundice, Female Weak
nesses, and may be used successfully ns an Ordina
ry Family Medicine, I* (j will cure Sick Headache,
(asthousandscan testify,) i in twenty minutes, if two
or three teaspoonsful are W taken ut the commence
ment of attack. >
All who use it are giv- : ing their testimony in its
favor . I»J
Mix water in the\ [mouth with the hi-
vigorator, and sicallow both together.
Price one dollar per jjottle. ^
—ALSO—
SANFORD’S
FAMILY
Cathartic Pills
COMPOUNDED FROM
Pure Vegetable Extracts, and put vp in
Glass Cases, Air Tight, and will keep in
any climate-
The Family Cathartic
Cathartic, which the pro
practice more than twen-
The constantly increns-
who have long used the
which all express in re-
dueed me to place them
The Profession well
tharties act on different
The Family Cathartic
ence to this well estab-
dedfroma variety of the
tracts, whieh act alike on
tary canal, and are good
where a Cathartic is
meats of the Stomach,
Back and Loins, Costive-
ovet the whole body,
frequently, if neglected,
fever. Loss of Appetite.
Cold over the body, Uest-j
weight in the llend, till
Worms in Children or
great Purifier of the
to whirl flesh is heir
to mention in this advertisement. Dose, 1 to 3.
Price Three Dimes.
Tite Liver Invigorator and Family Cathartic Pills
are retailed by Druggists generally, and sold wholesale
bv the Trade in all the large towns.
S. T. W. SANFORD, M. I).,
50 ly. Manufacturer and Proprietor
208, corner of Fulton st., Broadway, N. Y.
Pill is a gentle but active
prietor lias used in hi
ty years.
ing demand from those
Pills, anil the satisfaction
gard to their use, has in-
within the reach of nil.
know that different Ca
ll* portions of the bowels.
Pill has, with due refer-
lislted fact,been compoun-
U purest Vegetable Kx-
jevery part of thcalimen-
c*iaud safe in all eases
(needed, such ns Derange-
(4 I Sleepiness, Pains in the
| ness. Pain and soreness
(from sudden cold,which
M end in a iong course of
s* a Creeping Sensation of
I lessness, Headache, or
j Intiamatory Diseases,
j) Adults, Rheumatism, a
1 blood, and many diseases
j to, too numerous
q|
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F. G. DANA,
(LATE DANA tf WASHBltRh)
Factor and Commission
SAVANNAH. GA.
I CONTINUE the above business at the old stand ot
Duna & Washburn, 114, Bay street, ami am pre
pared to make liberal advances on all produce consign
ed to mv care.
August 1,1860. » Gm -
50 Saw Cotlcn Gin for Sale.
ONE of WATSON'S best 50 Saw Cotton Gins,
is offered for Bale. This Gin is new, and is equal
to any in use. Sold for no fault, the present ow
ners having no use for it. Any planter wanting a
good Gin, can have a chance to eei oneiit a re
duction on the regular price. Apply | at this office,
or of N. Tift, or J. H. Watson, at Albany.
1860. Fall and Winter, 1860.
TINSLEY AND NICHOLS
DEALERS IN
m&HSb IIATS, & CAPS.
WATNE STREET, iUILLEDGEVILLE, «A.J
Have received their SPRING AND SUMMER SUPPLIES, and respectfully solicit, not only
their former customers, but the public generally, to call and examine their LARGE and A A-
R1ED STOCK.
THIS DEPARTMENT is complete, embracing all the f.atest siylcn «f SILKS, MSRINOA Dr
LAI.VES, I’OPI.INM. Frcurii, Knglixh mid Amrrirao PRINTS, Are., the.
Uace Woods aud Embroideries
IN ENDLESS VARIETY,
II osiery and Oloves of every quality
FOR A!EX. LQXS. LADIES. MISSES AND CHIX-DIUCIiI.
VELVET and ( LOTH CLOAKS, of various styles and prices.
HOUSE-KEEPING
AND
PLANT A T S ! J N GOODS.
In tins department tticy have everything usually kept in their line
at prices a little less than can be had elsewhere.
HATS A.YD CAPS, OF THE LATEST STYLES, for Men and Boys.
BOOTS ^jNTX> shoes,
OF ALL QUALITIES, for Men, Ladies, Hot’s, Misses and Children, at low prices.
( ARPETIAGS and RUGS, of ail kinds,
CLOTHS, GASsSZhVKEKSIS and VSSTIotfGS, of all Colors and Qualities.
CSIIA AMS ilill ware,
A LARGE LOT, AND CHEAP. 20 tf.
o
H
*
n
S PE CIA E A*O Tl CE.
ans & Co
VOW offer to the Public, one case of assorted POPLINS and DRESS GOODS,
D for the FALL and WINTER SEASON. LADIES FALL CLOAKS,
in ever new stvle, all the Latkst Styles of A1EA3B and
OJLOAKS and g3SlAW]Lgo
J. O. &: GO., have received new additions to their YiLL STOCK,
they will he sold at
TiBiSPX ilflSLLTtL'lSSID 3*iBB(C3aa 9
as it is their intention to close out as rapidly as possible, the whole of the
STOCK* The GOODS will be marked down to very low figures, in
order to dispose of the Stock in as short a time as a forced private sale will
admit of. Families requiring superior
BLANKETS, TABLE LINENS, SHEETINGS, CAMBRICS & WHITE GOODS
of all descriptions, will find
a v&’m AssQiBtfaiiBsra*
to choose from, and all at
a ms
CLOSING Ol T T SALES OF A LARGE AND SUPERIOR STOCK OF
FANCY
Dry
CLOTHING, BOOTS AND SHOES, 4c. F)
§u S-ASSS * «•„
Invite attention of purchasers to tlieir very valuable
OF GOODS l
Which continues to he SOLD OUT at prices greatly below their value.
The stock now on hand embraces the choicest importations of this Fall, which
are offered at the
REDUCED RATE
epQ CLOSE OUT as speedily as possible the interests of the retiring partners.
Milledgeville, Nov. 5th, 1SG0. •• *»•
B1L.I.S VETOED.
Tite Governor has withheld hi-< signature from the
following hills passe 1 at the late Session of the Genera!
Assembly, for the reason? given after eneh :
An net"for the relief of John R. Dyer, Executor of
Anthony Dyer of Jasper ('entity. For the reason
that in the opinion of the Governor, tite State is not
liable to pay the Attorney’s fees and expenses incur
red by Mr. Dyer, in the action of ejectment referred to,
iu said bill.
An act to pay James H. Estes a sum of money lost
by him by reason of an error in the Records of the
State of Georgia.
The facts in the ease are similar to the facts recited
in the bill for the relief of Charles Whitlock of DeKaib
Uo. They show in the opinion ofthe Governor, that Mr.
Estes was guilty of neglect in failing to look to (lie
records in the other offices in the State House, when lie
was told in one that the lot was granted. Had he
applied for a eopv Grant, the error would at onee
have been detected. For the reasons given in the
veto message in the Whitlock case, the bill is r.ot
signed.
An act to consolidate theoffices of Clerk ofthe Supe
rior and Inferior Courts of the counties of Randolph
and Harris, and for other pnrposes:
An act to consolidate theoffices of Clerk of the Su
perior and Inferior Courts of Dawson. Stewart and
DeKnlb counties;
An net to consolidate the offiees of Clerk of the Su
perior and Inferior Courts of Clayton county. For the
reason that the General Law of the Stnte now au
thorizes the same ptrsou to hold both offices, if elect
ed to both.
Also an act to consolidate the offiees of Clerk of the
Superior Court, Clerk of the Inferior Court ami Or
dinary, in the county ot Crawford, etc. For the reason
that the duties of the Ordinary and tite duties of
Clerk of the Superior Court, tire incompatible with
each other.
An act for the benefit of tlio McDuffie Rifles, a Vol
unteer Company in Warren county:
To incorporate the Wire Grass Minute Men, a Vol
unteer Corps of Light Infantry now existing iu Ware
bom -Ware e^pnty, and_Ao,gi 4iit certain privilc
ryitnty, and_to.gr.pit certain privilege;
the Jnekson Guards, a Volunteer Company now
ganized in Atlanta, Fulton comity;
An act to incorporate the Rome Light Guards in the
city of Rome. The Oconee Cavalry, in the town of
Athens. To amend an act incorporating the Newnan
Guards. To extend the provisions of this act to ail
Volunteer Companies in this State, and for other pur
poses ;
An act to incorporate tin- Aitamaha Scoot, at Jones
Creek, in the county of Liberty, the Brunswick Rifles
of the county of Glynn, and confer certain privileges
ami exemptions on the same;
An net to incorporate the Griffin Fire Company No.
1, and to constitute the same a Military Company for
certain purposes herein named, and to confer on the
members thereof, certain privileges and exemptions.
To authorize the Atlanta Fire Company, No. 1, to
increase their numbers. To incorporate tiie several
Military Companies herein mentioned, and for other
purposes;
An act to incorporate the Glover Guards in the town
of Montieello, Jasp-r comity, nnd tin* Fire Side Guards,
a Volunteer Company of Elbert county, and to grant
them ceriain privileges, and to extend the provisions
ol'this act to the Columbia Volunteers, iu the town of
Hearing, nnd also to the Thomson Guards, in the town
of Thomson, in Columbia county, nnd also to extend
the provisions of this net to the Seriven Sharp Shoot-
ors, in Seriven county, and for other purposes. For the
reason that a General Act was passed by the Legis
lature in 1859, incorporating these and all other Vol
unteer Military Corps then in existence or thereafter
to be formed, and a similar General Act passed by tin-
late Legislature, again incorporates them all a second
time. The Governor docs not, therefore, think it neces
sary to tuke them up again, and pass separate acts
incorporating each a third time.
An act to compensate the Grand and Petit Jurors of
the counties ot Brooks, Mitchell, Clinch, Glynn,
Laurens, Lowndes nnd Milton. For the reason that
there is a General Law of the State authorizing the
Justices of the Inferior Court of the several counties
to levy a tax upon the recommendation of the Grand
Jury for this purpose.
An Act for the relief of James IL Erwin. Mr Er
win is a citizen of Alabumu, and this act proposes to
permit him to hold the office of Notary Pufilic in Geor
gia, while he resides in Alabama. The Governor, be
lieving that only the citizens of this State should hold
office in this State, refuses his assent to tlie bill. lie
considers the principle wrong, and the precedent a bad
one.
An Act to authorize George B. May to practice
medicine in the count}- of Murray without license. The
Governor refuses to sign this bill for reasons heretofore
given in similar cases.
An Act for the relief of Smith Campbell, late of the
county of Woith, now of Butts couuty; also for the
relief of John Stewart of the county of Baldwin: nnd
also for the relief of Benjamin li. Cross, of Pierce
county. The wife of etu-h ofthe above named persons
has obtained a divorce in the primer court; ami this is
a bill to relieve the guilty parties from the penalties of
the law. The Executive sanction is withheld for tin-
reasons heretofore given to tlw> ........i-y i- n—
cas-s.
An Act to discharge William Rogers, of the county
of Milton, from the trusteeship of the property of Mrs.
Ann C. Lenoir, and her children, and to vest said trus
teeship in John W. Lenoir, the husband of AtinC.
Lenoir, and the father of said children. For the rea
son that the bill proposes to dismiss the trustee ap
pointed by a deceased person, and appoint a new tre.s-
security for the faithful execution of the trust.
An Act for the relief of Silvester Hill, wife of John
Hill, of Cobb county, and for*other purposes. This
bill proposes to make Mrs. Hill a free dealer, with the
right to hold property separate from her husband, sue
and be sued, Are., and is not sanctioned for the reasons
given to the country in other similar cases.
An Act to authorize Win. J. Avery ofthe county of
Merriwether to peddle in said county without license.
For the reason thattbe law now gives the Inferior Court
of the county, upon the recommendation of the Grand
Jury, full power to grant him a license on such reason
able terms as tlie Court may impose, ifhe-be an indi
gent and infirm person.
An Act to amend an act to provide for the education
of the child! en of this State between certain ages, and
to provide an annual sinking fund for the extinguish
ment of the public debt, assented to Deo, 11th, 1858,
so far as relates to the county of Hall. For the rea
son that the law now gives the Board of Education in
said county, or any other county, the right to dispose
of said fund as proposed by this bill, if in their judg
ment it is best to do so.
An Act to incorporate the Georgia Banking Compa
ny; aud for other purposes therein named. This is an
ordinary Bank charter, and the bill is not signed for the
reasons repeatedly given by the Governor on refusing
to sign similar bills. The present is, in his opinion, a
very unpropitious time to tie chartering new Banks.
An Act to incorporate the Coosa Bank, nnd for other
purposes therein named. This is the most stringent
charter that lias been presented to the Governor, but
it contains n provision in palpable violation of the Con
stitution of the State. Tite 12th section of the act
provides, in case of a violation of the charter, that the
legislature, by joint resolution, may direct scire facias
to issue from the Supreme Court of tiie State in the
name of the State of Georgia, calling upon snid corpo
ration to show cause, &c., and on the hearing of the
case in the Supreme Court, it provides that thoi.-sues
of fact shall be tried by a jury empannellcd by said
Court, for that purpose. The bill therefore proposes
to give the Supreme Court original jurisdiction of this
case, and provides for a jury trial in the Supreme
Court. The first section of the Constitution says in
express terms, that the Supreme Court "shall have no
original jurisdiction.” The conflict is therefore palpa
ble. The Governor and Committee left to bring up the
unfinished business of the session have examined ami
compared the original Biil, as introduced and passed,
with the engrossed and enrolled copies, supposing that
the original biil might read Su/r rior Court, but the}
find it plainly written Supreme Com t in the original
bill, and in both the engrossed and enrolled copies.
An Act for the relief of James I*. Wilkinson, of the
county of Walton, security on the penal bond of B. J.
Wilson. Forreasons heretofore given in similar cases.
No facts appear in this ease, whieh, iu tile opinion of
the Governor, take it out of the general rule.
An Act to incorporate tiie West Point and Franklin
Navigation company, and for other purposes therein
named. For tie- r«L~.n rtmt the mu contains no suffi
cient personal liability el mse to bind the rtoekholders
for the debts of|:he corporation, in ease of its insol
vency.
A bill to be entitled “Au act to provide for tiie dis
tribution nnd disbursement of the common School
Fund, to which the counties of Gilmer. Fannin and
Dade, is or may he entitled under and by virtue of an
act passed on the 11th day of December, 185°; to repeal
a part ofthe third section of nn net to alter and amend
an net to provide for the education of the children of
this State, between certain ages, and to provide an an
nual sinking fund for the Actinguishinent of the public-
debt, assented to 2lst Dec. 1859,so fur as said section
limits the tuition of poor school children iD the county
of Dougherty; to authorize the Ordinary of Chattoo
ga county to pay E. II. Swelling for teaching poor chil
dren; to extend the provisions of this Bill to the coun
ties of Liberty nnd Mitchell; nnd for other pnrposes
herein mentioned.” For the reason that some ofthe
provisions of the bill are evidently unconstitutional,
because of their variance from the title of the proposed
act; and because, while the caption indicates that the
act is to be local—applying to the counties of Gilmer,
Fannin, Dade, Liberty and Mitchell only, some of the
sections in the bill are general; and should the bill lie-
ootne a law, our school system throughout the entire
State, would be changed iu many material and radical
respects, which was evidently not the intention of the
legislature, as gathered from the caption of the Bill.
South Carolina Convention.
(FIFTH DAT.)
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
Condensed from the Courier's report.
Friday, Dec. 21sf, 1860.
Mr. Rhett, Chairman of the Committee, to whom
was committed the ditty of preparing nn Address to
the people of the Southern States, to declare the causes
which justify the secession of South Carolina from the
Federal Union, made their report as follows :
DECLARATION OT THF. CACSES WHICH JUSTIFY THE
SECESSION OP SOUTH CAROLINA FROM TIIE FED
ERAL UNION.
The Slate of South Carolina, having determined
to resume her separate and equal place among
nations, deems it due to herself, to the remaining
United States of America, and to the nations of
the world, that she should declare the causes which
have led to this act.
In the year 1765, that portion of the British
Empire embracing Great Britain, undertook to
make laws for the government of that portion
composed of the thirteen American Colonies. A
struggle for the right of seif government ensued,
which resulted, on the 4th July. 1776, in a Dec
laration, by the Colonies, “that they are, and
of right ought to be, free and independent States,
and that, as freo and independent States, they have
full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract
and to so much more only as was necessary to
e-.vcv.tnc Hit- power granu.-h. ims limitation left
the whole remaining mass of power subject to the
clause reserving it to the States or to the people
and rendering, unnecessary any specification of
reserved rights.
We hold tl at the government thus established
is subject to the two great principles asserted in
the Declaration of Independence; and we hold
1 - - *!■■* *1.—M...-1-w** if. ,tUn jphiw-fai if
to a third tunJaniental principle, namely: the Iaw
of compact. We maintain that in every compact
between two or more parties the obligation is
mutual; that the failure of oneof the contracting
parties to perform a material part of the agreement,
entirely releases the obligation of the other and
that where no arbiter is provided, each party is re
mitted to his own judgment to determine the fact
of failure, with ali its consequences.
In the present case, that fact is established with
certainty. We assert that fifteen of the States
have deliberately refused for years past to fulfil
their Constitutional obligations, and we refer to
their own statutes for the proof.
Tin- Constitution of the United States, in its 4th
Article, provides as follows.
“No person held to service or labor in one State,
under the laws thereof, escaping into another,
shall in consequence of any law or regula’ion
therein, be discharged from such service or labor,
but shall be delivered up, on Claim of the party
to whom sucit service or labor may be due.’’
This stipulation was so material to the compact,
that without it that compact would not have been
made. The greater number of the contracting
parties held slaves, and the State of Virginia had
previously declared her estimate of its value by
making it the condition of her cession of the ter
ritory which now compasses the States North of
the Ohio River.
The same article of the Constitution stipulates
also for the rendition by the several States of
fugitives from justice front the other States.
The General Government, as the common agent,
passed laws to carry into effect these stipulations
of the States. For many years these laws were
executrd. But an increasing hostility on the part
of the Northi-i n States to the institution of slavery
has led to a disregard of their obligations, and the
laws of the General Government have ceased to
effect the objects of the Constitution The States
of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu
setts, Connecticut. Rhode Island New York Penn
sylvania, Illinois, Indiana. Ohio, Michigan, Wis
consin and Iowa, have enacted laws, which either
nullify the Acts of Congress or render useless any
attempt to execute them. In many of these States
the fugitive is discharged from the service or
labor claimed, and in none of them has the State
Government complied with the stipulation made
in the Constitution. The State of New Jersey, at
an early day, passed a law for the rendition of
fugitives slaves in conformity with the constitu
tional —<!*■ tilling; put the curren t of anti-slavery
feeling lias led her more recently to enact laws
which render inoperative the remedies provided
by her own law and by the laws of Congress. In
the State of New York even the right of transit
for a slave has been denied by iier tribunals; and
the States of Ohio and Iowa have refused to sur
render to justice fugitives charged with murder,
and with inciting s.-rvile insurrection in the State
of Virginia. Thus the constitutional compact has
been deliberate y broken and disregarded by the
non-slaveholding States, and the consequence
follows that South Carolina is released front its
obligations.
The ends for which this Constitution was
framed ar - declared by itself to be ‘ to form a more
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic
tranquidly, provide for the common defence,
promote the general welfare and secure the bless
ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.”
These ends it endeavored to accomplish by a
Federal Government, in which each State was
recognised as an equal, and had s'-parate control
over its own institutions. The right of property
in slaves was recognised by giving to free persons
distinct political rights, by giving them tiie right to
represent and burdening them with direct taxes for
three-fifths of their slaves, by authorizing the im
portation of slaves for twenty years and by stip
ulating for the rendition of fugitives from labor
We affirm that these ends for which this Gov
ernment was instituted have been defeated, and
the Government itself has been made destructive
of them by the action of the non-slaveholding
States. Those States have assumed the right of
deciding upon the propriety of our domestic insti
tutions; and have denied the rights of property es
tablished in fifteen of the States and recognized by
the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful
the iustitutiou of slavery; they have permitted the
open estab'ishmi nt among them of societies, whose
avowed object is to disturb the peace and to en-
loign the property of the citizens of other States.
They have encouraged and assisted thousands of
our slaves to leave their homes; and those who re
main, have been incited by emissaries, books and
pictures to servile insurrection.
For twgnty-five years this agitation has been
steadily increasing, until it has now secured foB*
aid the power of the Common Government. _ Ob
serving the forms of the Constitution, a sectional
party has found within that article establishing
the Executive Department, the means ot subvert
ing the Constitution itself. A geographical line
has been drawn across tbo Union, and all the States
North of that line have united in the election of a
man to the high office of President of the United
States whose opinions and purposes are hostile to
slavery. He is to be entrusted with the adminis
tration ofthe Common Government, because he
alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other
acts and things which independent States may of
right do.”
I Key further solemnly declare that whenever any
“furmof government becomes destructive of the
ends for whieh it was established, it is the right ot
the people to alter or abolish it, aud to institute a
new Government. Deeming the Government of
of Great Britain to have become destructive of
these ends, they declared that the Colonies “are
absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown,
and that all political connection between them and
the States of Great Biitain is, aud ought to be,
totally ’dissolved.”
In pursuance of this Declaration of Indepen
dence, each of the thirteen States proceeded to ex
ercise its separate soverf ignty; adopted for itself a
Constitution, and appointed officers for the ad
ministration of government in all its departments
—Legislative, Executive and Judicial. For pur
poses of defence, they united their arms and their
counsels; and,in 1778, they enteredintoa League
known as the Articles of Confederation, whereby
they agreed to entrust the administration, of their
extei nal relations to a common agent, known as
the Congress of the United States, expressly de
clartng, in the first article, ‘that each State retains
its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and
every power, jurisdiction aud right which is not,
hy this Confederation, expressly delegated to the
L nited States in Congress assembled.”
Under this Confederation the War of the Revo
lution was carried on. and on the 3d of Septem
ber, 17^3, the contest ended, and a definitive
Treaty was signed by Great Britain, in which she
acknowledged the Independence of the Colonies
in the following terms.
“ART. 1.—Ills Britannic Majesy acknowledges
the said United States, viz: New Hampshire, Mas
sachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence
or-f-n.imatfmigr euinn N.,~ V.-L. JI._
Pennsylvania, Delaware Maryland, Virginia
North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, to be
free, sovereign and independent states; that he
treats with them as such; aud for himself, his heirs
and successors, relinquishes all claims to tho gov
ernment, proprietany and territorial rights of the
same aud every part thereof.”
Titus were established tite two great principles
asserted by the Colonies, namely; tite right ol a
State to govern itself; and the right of a people to
abolish a Government when it becomes destructive
of the ends for which it was instituted. And con
current with the establishment of these principles,
was the fact that eaelt Colony became and was
recognized by the mother country as a free, sov
ereign and independi lit state.
In 1787. Deputies were appointed by the States
to revise the At tides of Confederation, and on 17th
September, 17"7, these Deputies recommended,
for the adoption of the States, the Articles of
Union, known as the Constitution of the United
States.
The parties to whom this Constitution was sub
mitted were the several sovereign States, they
were to agree or disagree, and when nine of them
agreed, the compact was to take effect among those
concurring; aud the General Government, as tilt-
common agent, was then to be invested with tlieir
authority.
If only nine of the thirteen States had concur
red, the other four would have remained as they
then were—separate, sovereign States, indepen
dent of any of tiie provisions of tho Constitution.
In fact, two of the States did not accede to the
Constitution until longafter it had gone into opera
tion among the other eleven; and during that in
terval, they exercised the functions of an inde
pendent nation.
By tltis Constitution, certain duties were charg
ed on the several States, and the exercise of cer
tain of their powers restrained, which necessarily
implied tlieir continued existence as sovereign
States. But. to remove all doubt, an amendment
was added, which declared that the powers not
delegated to the United States by the Constitution,
nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to
the States respectively, ot to the people. On the
23d May, 17c8, South Carolina, by a Convention
of her people, passed an Ordinance assenting to
this Constitution, aud afterwards altered her own
Constitution, to conform herself to the obligations
she had undertaken.
Thus was established, by compact between thp
States, a Government with defined objects and
powers, limited to the express words of the grant,
haa declared that that “Government cannot endure
permanently half slave, half free,” and that the
pnbhc mind most rest iu the belief that slavery is
in tin- eourseul of timate extinction.
This sectional combination for the subversion of
the Constitution, has been aided in some of the
•States by elevating to citizenship, persons, who,
by the supreme law of the land, are incapable of
becoming citizens, and their votes hare been used
to inaugurate a new policy, hostile to the South,
and destructive of its peace and safety.
On the 4th of March next, this party will take
possession of the Government. It has announced
that the South shall be excluded from the common
Territory: that the Judicial tribunals shall he made
sectional,and that a war must be waged against sla
very until it shall cease throughout the United
States.
rhe guaranties of the Constitution will then no
Oliger exist; the equal rights of the Statrs will ce
lost, ilie slaveholding States will no longer have
the power of self-government, or self protection,
and the federal Government will have beconto
their enemies.
Sectional interest and animosity will deepen the
irritation, and a!) hope ot teinedy is rendered vain,
by the lact that public opinion at the North has
invested a great political error with the sanctions
of a niore erroneous religious belief.
M e, therefore, the people of South Carolina,
by our Delegates in Convention assembled, ap
pealing to the Supreme Judge ofthe world for the
rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared
that the union heretofore existing between this
State and other States of North America is dis
solved, and that the State of Caroliua has resunttd
her position among the nations ofthe world, as a
free, sovereign and independent State; with full
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli
ances, establish commerce, and to do all other
acts aud things which independent States may of
right do.
Aud, for the support of this Declaration, with a
firm reliance on the protection of Divine Provi
dence, we mutually pledge to each other uur lives
our fortunes aud our sacred honor.
Mr. Adams moved the adoption of tho report.
Mr Furman. There is a statement in that do-n-
ment that all the States Noitli of the sectional line
cast their votes for a sectional candidate for tho
Ptesident of the United States. I InAieve such is
not the case.
Mr. Inglis. I find recorded in the returns of one of
the States that four votes were cast lor Lincoln
and three for Douglas I have heard,and 1 know,
that Pennsylvanians deny, not only by words, hut
in conversation and writing, that they have on
tht-Ir staTRTe booirs any r*crr~.n«t E;L»rt>> Jaw.
They say they have a law to prevent kidnapping
almost similar to a law in Virginia.
They say public sentiment has perverted tho
meaningut the law iu reference to persons held to
labor.
Mr. English said Pennsylvania has quite rec nt-
ly revised her laws. It has not been long since
she appointed Commissioners for that purpose. It
would seem that nine of the Northern States have
virtually annulled the Fugitive Slave law, wl.ile
four others have hy their acts nqatly committed
something that amounts pretty much to practi
cal dissolution. Mr. English also quoted from
De Bow's Review the actual position of Northern
States in this respect.
Mr. Orr said he did not think Illinois had any
ceusurable law on the sul ject.
Mr. Inglis doubted the authority of the state
ments. \Ve well know that it is denied that
there is on any statute book a law in Pennsylva
nia forbidding the restoration of fugitives from la
bor. I desire that everything brought before this
Convention shall be exclusively the truth. I
think no declaration of facts should be introduced
into so solemn a document as tins address to tho
people of the Southern States until it be verified.
We should not go to the report of tho Legisla
ture of Virginia, but have reference to the original
source of information. We shoulJ go to th>' stat
ute book ol Pennsylvania if we wish to really and
aud truthfully ascertain tlieir laws on this subject.
[Mr. Inglis here mentioned the fact of a planter
with his servants at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Iu this
instance,a reverend clergy actually exhorted men
to throw stones at the Southern gentleman. Ho
was into Court, but was cleared ] Many attempts
to rescue slaves have been made like this.
Mr. Gregg did not think the paper ot the Com
mittee was entirely perfect. As a State paper it is
to go out as a new Declaration of Independence.—
It is to me defective and imperfect. Not one word
is said about the tariff, which has caused us so
many years of contest. The main stiess is made
upon the unimportant point of fugitive slave s. If
we undertake to sit forth the caus- s wl ich justify
secession, we ought to publish all complete in one
document, like that adopted in 1776. It should
not be so long, for that document says too much.
[Laughter.] We ought not to set forth a small
portion ot these reasons. But that is wliat this
paper does. It is not the sort of paper to go be
fore Court to justify our cause.
A correct description of the paper would be to
declare some of the causes which justify South
Carolina for leaving the Federal Union. If it is
piupei to sci lorin in a solemn declaration some
of the causes, let the title be altered, and then,
if the Convention think proper, let it go forth. Up
to the moment we made ourselves free, we were
living under a protective tariff, and that was a vio
lation, which justified our secession. For forty
years, we, and those who went before us, had sub
mitted to unconstitutional expenditures hy the
General Government. This was a violation of the
e> 1 “r v, i J—'O'—s - • » IO.-.1 .1.«
people of South Carolina solemnly declared of the
frequent violations of the Constitution of the Uni
ted States hy the Federal Government. There
were then causes which justified this State, so far
as any obligation is concerned, in dissolving the
Union.
I believe there was nothing said in that solemn
Ordinance upon this or against these laws ob
structing the recovery of fugitive slaves. Many
of the Acts relative to fugitives have been passed
since ’52. I think a majority of them have. But
when South Caroliua, eighty years ago. declared
the causes then existing which fully justified tho
State in seceeding, did they confine themselves to
these miserable Fugitive Slave Laws—no. I think
it unworthy of this body—unworthy of the Slate
of South Carolina to send forth a new Declaration
of Independence, and in it say nothing of any
cause justifying their action but fugitive slaves.
1 propose to lay this document upon the table. We
had either to refer it back to the Committee or
lay it on the table because so much stress is made
on the subject of fugitive slaves.
Mr. Keilt. I agree with tbe gentleman from Rich
land that the power of taxation is tiie central
power of all governments. Put that power into
my hands, and I care very little what the form of
government is: I will control your people through
it. That is the question in this address. We
have instructed the Committee to present a sum
mary of the reasons which influenced us in theac-
lion we have now taken. My friend from Rich
land said that the violation of the Fugitive
Slave Laws are not sufficient, and he calls up the
Tariff. Is that one ofthe causes at tiiis time?—
What is that cause? Your late Senators, and evc-ty
one of your members of the Honse of Representa
tives, voted for the present tariff. (Mr. Miles. I
did not ) Well, those who were there at the time
voted for it, aud I have no doubt you would, if
you were in it. The question of the tariff did agi
tate us in 1832, and it did array this State against
the Federal Government
I maintain, and do always maintain, that this
State triumphed then Mr. Clay.said. before uulifica-
tion, that the protective taritf system had been es
tablished for all time. After the Nullification Ord
nance, Mr. Clay did say that the State had ac
complished the destruction of that system, and
that the State had triumphed. The history of that
time has never been written. It is true, we were
cheated in the compromie*; end realty, sir, in what
single compromise have we not been cheated? My
opiniou is that the Stato of South Carolina and
every other Southern State have been dealing with
f-tithii ss confederates.
But the Tariff is not the question which brought
the people up to their present attitude. We are to
give a summary of cur causes to the world, but
mainly to the other Southtrn States, whose co-ac
tion we wish, aud we must not make a flight on
the tariff question.
The Whig party, throughout all the Stales, have
been protective tariff meu, and they cling to that
old issue with all the passions incident to the pride
of hnman opinions. Are we to go off now, when
other Southern States are bringing their people up
to tho true mark? Are we to go off on debatable
and doctrinal points. Are we to go back to the con
sideration of this qnestion. of this great contro
versy; go back to the party’s politics, around which
so many passions cluster? Naunsare much—as
sociations and passions cluster around names.
The gentleman from Cliesterfleid (Mr. Inglis)
says that certain constructions of the Act ot Penn
sylvania are denied. He might have gone further
and have said that certain constructions of the
Peisona) Liberty Bills are denied. I have never
seen any Abolitionist yet who did not say that
these Acts had uo reference to fugitive slaves.
I, myself, have very great doubts about the
propriety ofthe Fugitive Slave Law. Tho Con
stitution was, in the first place, a compact between
the several States, and in the second, a treaty be
tween sections, and, I believe, the Fugitive Slave
Law was a treaty between sections. It was the act
of sovereign States as a section; aud I believe
sheiefore, and have very great doubts whether it
ought to have been left to tbe execution of tbe
several States, and failing of enforcement, I be
lieve it should have been regarded as a rasas belli.
I go for the address, because I believe it does
present succinctly and conspicuously what are the
main primary causes.
Mr. Gregg. If this address was to be a declara
tion of the immediate causes which produced the
secession of South Carolina, what tho gentleman
has said might be applicable, but its title does not
say so. Another document has been made the
special order for another occasion. I am unwil
ling to take a vote upon this address when it
may be inconsistent with that of another paper.
If we wish to find the immediate cause of the se
cession of South Carolina, tho immediate cause of
all is the election of Lincoln.
Jacob’s Cordial.
This valuable medicine can be obtained at the Drug
Store of HERTY A HALL, also for sale by GRIEVE
& CLARK. Milledgeville. No famiiy should b*
without it. See notices Ae.
