Newspaper Page Text
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M
iluikuvii.lk. November 5, ISffB. , illation. It will, however, become the duty of tbe l|pinntcr’.s Rank of Augusta.
At 12 oVIoMc today, hi' F.xceliency^I<n> , rii-| Legislature. M h- preseut session, to revise autjrl.rircady made, in regard to
Lumpkin transmitted tu both fmtuchos'of the ; amend our laws providing for the government
i The developements ! General Assembly, approved on the 22d of Pa-1 Charleston and the Gulfjof Mexico—nltrely for
the JIauk of Macon, j eeiol'er last, William Schley. John A Cullibert, the want of industry alW,enterprise uirthe part
General Ass.mhU. the luiluumg
ansssAcgE:,
li.vrcerivi; Georgia,
MlLLKDGXVlLLK, NoV. 5, Iciill.
'J h.i Sunlit
m c .ul Hbuie of Ktp vsenfalitrs;
At no period -of our political existence, have
ml protection of the Indians. Experience bt,,
already exposed many defects and ambiguities in
the existing laws on this subject, which should
be speedily remedied. In our uuxiety to provide
for the ncffaio ttud pruitcllhc rights of this in.
fortunate rate, we have, insoufe instances, pwn
advantages to tite native population over out
the Kcp: es< uiaiives of the-people of Georgia ns-| whito citizens ; which advant;.prs, wheu cxer-
seiubiettaimler eircii:..stances niorc signally cal
culated to impress the mind with it deep sense
ctsed Uutler the influence of selfish couiisVls, he—
come oppressive "to our White population, w ho
arc ccrtaiuly not less entitled to the protection'cf
our laws, than the native inco—however ju.»t
may be iheir claims on the sympathies of an en
lightened government.
Under our existing laws, the ivservaioins of
laud secured to the natives during their pleasure,
are. in many instances, unreasonably large, and
ought to be curtailed by judicious legislation
1 would also call the attention ofthe legislature
to another description of native claims w Ipch
involves considerations of the greatest import
ance to the interest and honor of the State.
of gratitude to Almighty God. It would, indeed,
savour of infidelity not t«> led tliily impressed
with a sense of our renewed obligations to the
great Author rind Disposer of the dcstiuies ul
men ami of Nations, for the many inesiimabie
'blcsshigs vouchsafed to us, his ohemiiug crek-
'turcr;.
While tlio chastening scourge of Heaven has
■been visited upon the people of both hemispheres,
carryings ill the trXin of pestilence, horror, tlts-
lair.ii/id death', the people of our state have not
only been shielded from tho wide-sprefidiug des
olation, lint have enjoyed an timritmi degree of
health nml prosperity. Propitious- seasons, a
productive soil, ami a gcuinl climate, have
err trued the labors of our Indus'! mm« agricultur
al population with n bountiful reward for all their
toils. Out- burns and store houses are filled with
plenty, and the surplus products of our labor emu--
vnami a price xvbwh- amply remunerates the ta-
horcr for a:i his care and industry. Indeed, the
various avocations, which diversify t-he lubor of
onr piii'/.oms. find an ample and speedy reward,
pwpm'tioned to thy skill aud industry employed.
Most of out- people cultivate their ow n freehold
estates. and art literally silting Under their oic/t
i:iui.i i;i:d tru3. ned uouo to lnako them afraid.—
Our prisons have no insolvent debtors-—we have |
scarcely a pauper in tho land, except the few ! ied lu an t-qu.il degree with themselves, in the
who have become such from hahiis of intemper-j benefits oi :he treaties referred to. Moreover,
Utirc, As n State wc-cnjoy the overflowing these very.individuals, by their superior iutelli-
eoiub.uuuou of legal subuiues, w Inch -w
be united to divide lhc"spuils ofa disasterous Bunk
corjmratiou. Corruption, ou the part of, a
Rank officer. should be deemed a highly penal
erime, and punished accordingly.
Afi general VieivJim ' relation to these, insti
tutions. ami their connection with the pubhVinter-
e?r, remain inichauged; aud having been freely
coiumuuicntcd to the last General Assembly, I
deem it unnccessarv to reiterate the sentiments
thcrciu eonttiiuetl. Copies of all the Rank re-
General Assembly.'.’ I am apprised that the re
purt of 1I16SG gentlemen is’ in'."h state of prepara
tion, and will in due time be ittnl before .the Le
gislature. Not -having been directed to be sub
mitted to the Executive, but passing directly-to
the Legislature, 1 deem it inexpedient to venture
a remark on the several important subjects em
braced in the" Report."* TLre character of these
gentlemen, as jurists, justifies the expectation.
ports made duting the preterit year, under the I Unit t lie views to be submitted by them will be
provisions of our existing laws, are herewith sub
inittcdto the Legislature; which will enable the
Kupix-seuiativi-s of the people to judge of the peo
ple to judge of tiie present state amt eondition of
these institutions. Sod will show id what extent
they have complied with the requirements of the
A class of individuals, chiefly of w hite am! mix- 1 law.
cd blood, and wlm claim the tight of native'; The history of our own times, urges upon the
within the limits of Georgia, tire persons, who, j consideration of every informed -and reflecting
necessity of increased
generation. H’t-
bounties of a beneficent Providence. On term
of amity with nil governments, we arc blessed
with du- tjuiel nml peaceable possession of ot.r
long conn ■rd territorial rights.—rapidly increa
sing ’in | •-p.nlaiiou am! wealth, accumulating
from the r. # .ititiuul;tleYelopcuient of the natural
resources ot our state- Uur inexhaustible mints
tunl minerals have opened a wide licit! for the-
under the treaties of 1817 & ls'llb took valuable j citizcu, the iudispcusnhlu nccessii
fee-simple reservations of the best lands then cc- ( exertions to educate-the rising gi
ded. under an expressed, written determination ! need some system, which will produeo a general
to become citizens of the United Slates—and effect, ami operato bcuefiriaily upon the whole
consequently, abumlouiug all the claim of rights I communin'. Ourri publican institutions con ue-
oti privileges, us a part or portion of the Chero- 1 ver he considered safe and stable, while a small
kce nation. Nevertheless, these persons have j number of individuals, however talented, can
since sold and disposed of their reserved, lands, i lead and misguide whole communities, tc the vc-
ibus taken, for their individual benefit: and have * ry brink of ruin !! When the number of educa-
gottc into the couutry still occupied by the Liter- i ted men in a political community, is so few, as to
okeef, aud have agttin mttde selections aud set- ; be chiefly coufiued to one 'or two professions—
ilcmeuis on the most valuable lands, of that j who may therefore the mere readily unite their
porting of their people, .who have .not participa- j efforts to cbnVronl aud direct society, with a view
’to their own selfish aggrandizement—the liber-
:ics of the pcojde must he endangered. Tho con
servative influence of cduaation is greatly need
ed in our State. Thai general system, which
may be best calculated to itiqtart to oar whole
people, the blessings of- a competent, business
education, cannot fail to promote individual hap
piness, as well as greatly to strengthen the bonds
of our republican ins-titutions. It is not necessa
ry that our sons should all he College-bred gen-
tiemett—1 taro not for names—if our children
can receive adequate instruction in tho solid and
useful branches of science, it is immaterial w ith
Useful to the Legislature and to the country ;—
and ns the preparation of their report has requir
ed much time ami labor, it is iherefore'to be ex
pected that they will be suitably compensated.
Tlie.unui.il report of the Inspectors of the
Penitentiary, required to be made to the Execu
tive, it; conformity with the provisions of the act
of tile last General Assembly, is- herewith sub-
initiLl. Since the rejiort. has been received at
this Department, thoie lias not been sufficient
ed her death, was brought to a close in il'T
preme Court, sitting at^East-Greenwic!^
terday forenoon, after being protract/’
unusual length of ten days; the !,- ’°
longest
best and most natural channel for much of that
trade. The immense and siiperabbuiiiiing |no-
dnets of the gieat and fertile West, ur^more than
sufficient to glut its only natural outlet, Nmv-
Orleans. Therefore, the surplus products o'
that fertile region, must necessarily seek a mar
ket elsewhere. Hence, ue have witnessed tin-
efforts of .New-Yotli, Pennsylvania, Maryland,
and lately, .Virginia and 8nuili-Caroiina. to ob
tain a portion of the Western trade by their ca- .
nais, rail and turn, ike ritads. Should not Geo,- > IFhe^efeaTo^tSr^nVcdcJSS?*^
gia strive for a part of tins .ntmeasely . val.^,1 ficfemljr pfovfcd tQ , )ave result^?*
iram the Journal of Coinmifc
PuovtoBNCE< 0,-t. o; k.,-.
TRIAL Full MUHDl p’ j '
vince the nnjmrtant facr, fc that,'* if Ranks arc j and Joseph Ilenry Lumpkin. Esqrsl' ivere ap- j of our own citizens .' Not only di^product^ol
not managed wtiii lidelity aud skill, the ruinous j pointed by the Executive “To prepare a plan j our own.5?-ate, should be shipped from our ov n
clfccLs. w hich must ensue, w ill fall, chigflv, njjcn | lor the Penitentiary buildings—digest a system | ports, but, by timely and judicious measures of
he holiest and unsuspecting, : labouring class of; oflaws for its government and organization, and j internal improvement, a very considerable por-
sooiety, who are tumble to contend against a i to revise and amend the jjenul fiws of this State, } tion the Western trade might be drawn to the
ill always j so far as (elates to the punishtneois which that ports of Georgia—which is believed to be the abortion with instruments, which attorJ 1
code prescribes, and repot C the whole to th« next best and most natural channel for much of that ed her death hMnd.t t. Lm l )f
rr, . . r - -iyJEl
1 he trial ol J Vances Leach, c i.-. r .,
the murdi H of Sally Burdick, i-^
•rgcrl
br
Retire
fa u s
excepting in.that of Avery, wliici, lasud , 1 ^
t//-eight days. A great mass of c irc u - . :
liai evidence was produced, and o JR . w j‘ s!aa "
t!:e acknowledgement of the prise Cess,#
time, from other indispeus'^Ua duties, to iutesti-
euce, ami advantages of education,, itave had
the address to regain an influence over the Che-
rokecs—wiiom they had dice abrudoned to
jheir fate—so far as to rule, govcin n.nl influence
them in all umtiors relatiug to thtir niost im
portant interest; aud have* been, fbr years
past, aud continue to he. the jitime aud civcieut
i jui iwv , cause of preventing the Chernkees from yielding
cni]i!oyutctjl,ol the taust extensive science, skill, j to the liberal and beuefireut plans of the Fcde-
cud iudnslry, w :.i<-h i. ■ Ira win* to‘onr state, will? | ral.Govert.uicut, for ranotriu, ; ^en.'tit’l|ie ‘weft-
irresi-iible impulse, capital, skill, and enterprise j of the Mississippi- The insolence, and luiscLie*. me. whether they acquire it in Universities, Col-
frutn the various parts of the woH '
lively free from individual distress. _ _ I _ I
empt fxjm public debt, our people art. possessed [ extraordinary privil
of ahnjjdupi means of promoting their individual'! State Governntent; but should bo be treated by
lianpiucss, as wel: as their political prosperity. ; both governmeats as intruders of the most assu-
lu the midst of all these multiplied blessiugsVj ming character. The lands, now in tlm occn-
lt is truly mortifyiug to witnes' the restlcs-s spirit; jlattcy of these persons under bur. existing laws,
■ out, which has [dt.gln to be granted to the drawers ; who are th«
, SK.'jJ, aim enterprise uisuiuAt, iuu, dhuiui IIU V I'uivnsuiva, vwi
be world. Cnnipara-j votts iu.lneuce of these individuals should no ioa- ) leges. Academies, Lycenms, Work Shops, or
listress, as well as ex-' ger receive the indulgence or countenance ol Manuel f.abonr Sclioois of any description what-
r people are possessed ■ extraordinary privileges from the Federal or ever. The great object to bo effected is, to give
of agitation and political vxcitrmei
been eu.gotapered and vigorously, kept up among
the people, caltitlated, if not intended, to aiicu-
nte their nffceCmus from their own beloved polit
ical institutions. That the value of our Federal
Union sltuuM. Itay.ft, Itecpwp a familiar subject of
v.,lct»latipu, i< truly"’alarming, aud argues little
Tor the patriotism of those, who encourage dis-
vu-sion uno.u sitth a subject. Who could have
Mlfeveu! teu years ago, tltat, nt this early day, we
should have wituc-sed speculative diteus.-iou up
on such a thepie—or that it could .have heroine
tiie leading tonic of acertain class of politicians 1
Tie I'nipu of the stales, one and indivisible, is
Utftv no longer the motto of every American cit
izen ! These ^signs'ot the times,” speak vol
umes of admonition, fo every lover of constitu
tional liberty, and should fire the bosom, aud
nerVe J thcmm of patriotism in thecaus^ of Un
ion. r?ctwithsnttiding these threatening evils, it
is grniifyiijg to see, that our admirable system of
free "government, based ttpo'u the will and nlFec-
timik df the peojde, continues to uuftdd tiie ap-
proprinte ability eoutnined iti its stfue.turc, to
witb'tand the iiss;u.lt«'of foreign mid domestic
foes. ’The tuemios of our governmeut, whether
open or Insidious—under whatever specious form
or pretext, appear to be doomed to discomfiture,
whenever tlicy attempt to alienate the affections
of tlte pedidc from that government, which is,
emplmtienllv. the dlTspriii'g aud nursling of their
. om n effort add card. 'I'Fej people may alter and
chadpe. as to them may sei in lit,; but that they
wtnibi destroy tint mighty governmental fabrie,
reared by. tho toils and cetncuttd l»y the blood of
their fathers—merely for the aggrandizement of
.selfish demagogues and strife-stirring politicians,
is not to be erpeeled. The spirit that guided our
Washington hits hitherto pervaded aud saved our
countrv. The • champions of civil and religious
liberty, of popular rights aitd constitutional gov
ernment, have thus far succeeded and triumphed
ov r ail opposition. Therefore, wo should not
lie dismayed nt the symptoms of yielding iuteg
rity nml--treasonable timhition! which have been
engaged in estimating the vnlne, and threatening
tiie dissolution of the Federal Union, lain will
ing to charge tho errors of till such, rather to sel
fish delusion, than traitorous design ; ond will
therefore hope, that the clouds, which, at jiresent,
overshadow onr political horizon, may quietly
pass .twav, before they gather into a ruinous
tempost. ’ itrit it has been truly said, ‘‘that the
condition r it- which God grnnted liberty to man,
is. perpetual vigilance.” We. therefore, fellow
citizens, ns tha sentinel' of the people, should
exercise the must unceasing vigilance; and suffer
not oiutetie* to bo’ led astray “by 6vcry wind of
doctrine.” Let ns follow in the footsteps aud ad
here to the doctrines of Washington, Jf.kfI/R-
rightful owners, ,nud who have Tie/rn restrained
Trom tho occupancy by the laws of the State
now in force. These ptr-ous have already
done their own people, the State of Georgia, and
onr common comity, great and serious injury.
They have been the dupes Find instruments. m
home and abroad, of desperate, political agita
tors, whose factions spirits arc unbridled by tiie
restraint!?df virtuous patriotism-
A judicious and well regulated system of pub
the plain working uinti an education, which shall
make him intelligent, virtuous aud useful—and
which shall place him upon the ground of hopeful
competition, with the jtrofcssional classes, who
aro assuming the lend in the entire government
in the country-
I rejoice at the gradual growth and increasing
prosperity of Fiankliti College. This State in
stitution merits the continued ptitioiiage of our
whole-people—at this time, I consider it entitled
to tiie confidence of the people, and that it
should receive the liberal supjiort of tliair Rep
resentatives. The liteiary and moral worth of
lire President am) Faculty,-together with the in
creased facilities.of hooks and appniatus, aftinds
lie economy requires, that the people and their ibe most flattering assurances of its future and
representatives, should he perfectly familiar with pennauent usefulridss; anti I trust that m.r State
is ihu finaucinl condition and resource's, oft he .State-
No branch of political economy requires greater
skill, wisdom" and prndeut forecast, in a gev-
r.rument like ottr’s, than that of doyishig the
ways and means to meet the expeuditurcs.
which jioj'ular opinion seems)!to demand.^ _At
this time, the general voice of every politital
community, is raised in favor of gtncral educa
tion, as well as n liberal cultivation of the arts,
and sciences- Nor is the demand less urgent
for tho most splendid works of internal improve
ment) All this, 1 deem to be jtroper enough—
no one desires tho advancement of tiie country
in these iuipurtnut objects, more tbaul'I do—but
true dignity consist-* in Jiving within our circttni-4 renovation of the system. In making this change
stances, aud let us therefore scrutinize our means.
Tho people of Georgia have long enjoyed ; tbe
overflowing bovnties of their rich and extensive
territorial inheritance, Imt these advantages, its
a source of jmblie revenue, now no longer exist.
The- present liuaticial resources of the 8mte,
consist of ;t capital of about tico and a half mill-
io/s-of dollars—-upwards of one million of which,
is composed oi' the stock owned by the State,
in four of ottr incorporated banks; about one
million of the notes of citizens discounted by
;!k> Central Rank, ami tlio balance, of various
items, including specie, bonds notes, canal stock
ami other evidences of debts due tho State.—
In addition to the foregoing, the Stave has a
scaineretl remnant of fractoual lands, which, by
prompt anti appropriate, legislation, might he
made available for. jmblie jmrposcs. The - ag
gregate annual' profits accruing to the Sate at
this time, upon her various mve- tin'mls, amount
to tiie .sum of about one hundred and Jtctnty
thousand dollars. This- brief view of the pre
sent conditions of resources of the Suite will,
at one glance, ntgo upon the consideration of the
Legislature,; the necessity of adopting such sys
tematic, financial operation.s as will direct the
jtresent coarse, and must determine the futnre
prospects of the State.
Aftermuch reflection, 1 would respectfully re
commend to the General Assembly such legisla
tion as may tyud finally, to bring all the public
assets of tin: State under the immediate control
limy yet be leinuneiuted for all she has expend
ed, or may expoud. ia support oft Imt iusIMUtkm.
Rut in relation to our other expendituies. for
purposes of public education, 1 do not leel au
thorized to speak'tints flatteringly; for, the an
imal expenditure of upwards of forty thousand
dollars for the support of Academies and Prtbr
Schools, though well intended, is in icalitv ef
fecting but little good. It is obvious to tne, that
we have experimented long euuusti upon our
present system of Academic and Poor School
education, and that we should no longer be Con
tent with acknowledging existing imperfections,
hut that we should at once attempt an entire
and Maoison, and so far ns the influence | ami management of its ow n agent, the Central
and example of Georgia will extend, our Rcjnib-
lie is 'nfei
Too drawing of the Lotteries, which were in
pmgtas ntthelast session of the‘Legislature, was
completed about the first of May last; and the
c? t.ie i.t gislatnre, prnvi ling i'nrtlicorgani/.a-
iiou of > :i in w- counties out of the Territory tlips
disposed of, has been carried into eflTrct—aud ujc
have now, a settled freehold population on every
part of oust territory competent to the adiuinis-
Rank ; and further to invest that institution with
the necessary jiowtrs to enable it to act efficient
ly in tho collection of.the debts due the Elate.
The j,resent vested capital of the Elate should
be considered a pcrmaucntfimdt the annual prof
its of which, should he scrupulously applied to
great public* objects of acknowledged utility—aud,
while the w hole people are enjoying the benefits,
which are consiautly Jlowiug from this, their per-
maw aitly vested capital, I would recommend that
tr-
tion of our laws, so far as to secure most of tile no raurc taxes he exacted from them, titan what
‘ may be sufficient to defray tho ordinary expen-
blc-S'iegs of our ay-um to those, whose enterprise
has loci thppn to become settler.' in that interc't-
ing section of our state, hitherto the abode of a
people wholly unqualified to enjoy tile blessings
• if t.iis self "government; Trie accoinjdisbmeot
tif this great ttid desirable object to our state, hits
lie«.-n attended, at every step, w itli the mor.t unre
lenting and obstinate opposition. Tho utiforitt-
•iff rentnaui of the. GberokeCs has. for years
pa-t, been 'made the dupes and instruments of
selfish and ambitious politicians, wb*** restless
-p. its have urge d them to acts ol mischief. <■< era
dung to. l.u.iiuUy it still In the corly part of the
jirn-eut year, another earnest and liberal effort
was made bv the president o' i/,o limpid States
ir etfi tt treaty with tho Cherokecs. bavin,y for
if' »*1i jet t their entire removal beyond tho Mississij)-
•j.i—-a hieS object disbelieved, wnsdefentcrl alone,
y u!ew of the lnterostedhalf-brecds, v. ho are evi-
tle.it’y mitler the influence of political tueu. wlm
lad opposed to the true inti rest of the Indians,
well as that of the state. The failure to effect
■ u - iv hr.x not, however, prevented n eontinu-
• - r ottr cfTurts to effeet the object of reinov-
- Indians, sit ns early n day us prnrticahlc.
At.ilier opportunity nftbrohncntfdremigration,
has l*ecn extended to snrhus may lie aisposrd to
•ratnotc; utnl I am gratified to learu, that many
tif the iuteffi«*mt und infloenual among them,
'haw nrqfhd mennelres of the )d>era1 ternw pro
posed. ‘i'hereTore, the day entmot he distant,
vtien the state will be entirely relieve^ from the
r **erplt yftbti oeeasirfaed %y this portion of pop -1
.. . » tr...
tbi* important fact should be constantly kept in
view—that ta make education truly valuable,
while the mind is cultivated and disciplined, the
ptijiii shnulil be carefully trained to habits of in
dustry and morality. To make the rising gene
ration belter, wiser and 'j, ppier, anti at the same
time to eradicate or diminish poverty, oppression
and crime, should he the leading objects in es
tablishing a general and well based system of
public education. With a view to promote these
great objects, 1 respectfully submit to the Legis
lature my deliberately formed opinion, that, in
order tu ensure success, it indispensably necessa
ry to connect with the education of our children,
regular and systematic manual labor. I believe
that children in a well regulated institution, de
signed for useful education, should bo fangbt va
rious arts of lurralivc labor, so that in due lime
they may be able to earn a comfortable living hv
(be labor of their own hands. From mv own ob
servation on the subject of education, and from
all the information 1 have been able to procure
from others. I consider that system of education
best which kpeps youth most constantly employ
ed, body and mind; and which exeicises the
most unceasing vigilance and control, day and
night—which excludes all vitiating associations
ond practices, and which superintends even the
amusements and social intercourse ol the pupil.
Another idea, not le«s important, urges upon onr
consideration the expediency of connecting man
ual labor with a system of public education.—
The most vigorous constitution, without exer
cise. is.sooti wasted by disease and decay ; and a
full development of tiie 'powers of the mind, in
Midi cases, is rarely attained by (lie most dili
gent application. If .“ bodily exercise” be thus
profilalle in the development of the physical and
mental powers of youth. 1 consider employment
in the mechanical arts, and especially agriculture,
as being far prcfarable to those plays and pas
times. which at present ocftqn so much of their
time, and in which they engage without any sen
sible or rational object ol utility whatever. A
.self-supporting system, of education is also tlte
ses of tin croiion-irtt 1 xivij government: which i more desirable, from the impottant consideration
• tr i i i- i. i... i «lw. t#i Ini*') fli(Ap rfictinrtion^ in
wilf scarcely liuTelt'liy the people, ami, at the
same time, serve to remind cacti individual, au-
imally, thcl.hc is a citizen and component part of
the government.
Under the jirovisions of the act of the Legisla
ture, passed on , the 2-ltli day of December last, a
Receiver of the assets of the Rank of Macon w a.s
appointed by the Executive, but tho report of
that Agent will show, that h" hits been wholly
unable to effect the objects contemplated by the
I.egislatur-. Tho Iltport together with copies of
the corrcgpodencc on the subject, is herewith sub
mitted; and'may aid the general Assomiily in
determining upon the expediency of further leg
islation on this subject—tit least it wiil become
necessary to provide for the payment for sefvi-
ees already rendered under the direction of the
State, with a view to effect a fair aud legal set
tlement of the affairs of st.id Rank.
The dishonest and frnudnlcnt management of
Banks, eo frequently developed, admonishes the
Legislature, mod urgently! to interpose its entire
! Constitutional authority to shield the people from
the desolating efiectsoflepahzed swindling. Du
ring the last year, the public confidence was
greatly shaken in the soundness of the paper cur
rency of onr State, by tbe failure of the Rank oi
Macon; and before the people had recovered
from the shock aud the losses suffered by it, thei
fears and forebodings were greatly increased anti
confirmed, l*v the failure of the Merchant’s aud
that it is calculated to level those distinctions in
society which arise from the inability of the poor
to educate their ciiihlicn in our existing institu
tions. Ill recommending b change of our sys
tem of poor school education, I would bv no
means be understood ns recommending a tedtic-
tion of the funds appropriated to that object, hut
as proposing such an improvement of the system
.is will mote profitably employ that fund, for the
benefit of the poor, and as will have a tendency
to bring them neater to the level of the wealthy.
Every veal’s experience affords additional.et>.
idence of the correctness of^llie.vicw sjieretofbre
communicated to Hie Legislature, by mvseif and,
pi edecessots, in regard to the defective condition
of onr militia sysiem. The Executive has not
the mwer to correct these imperfections, which
have been so often pointed out, without the co-,
operation of the Lce'datnre. The Reports of,
the Keepers of the public Aisenals, at this place
and Savannah, arc herewith transmitted. From
an Experiment mads upon a few hundreds of
muskets, w hich had been returned to tho Arsenal
in ttiis place, out ot repair and greatly injured by
rust, I find that the guns belonging to tire State
in like conditionrimay he pul in good order at an
expense of onr dollar each. Would it not there
fore be economy for the Legislature to provide
for the collecting and cleaning of the scattered
arms belonging to the State?
Unde; the authority of a joint resolution ofllies
ate its details with that scrutiny which lias here
tofore been customary. and which is always de
sirable. ' It is believed, however, that the opera
tions of the past year have, under all the circum
stances, been successfully conducted for the in
terest t,l the institution and of the State. In our
efforts to'sustain the insiiliuion. vve should profit
by past experience, and .introduce improvements,
as fast as circumstances and a due regard to
economy will admit. With one additional re
mark, 1 will dismiss the subject ol the Peniten
tiary, and that is. that our leading policy should
be to make the institution lt)i.fntaiti itself. The
honest part of society fuel a repugnance to the
idea of laboring to support the ftonvicts in tiie
Penitentiary; therefore their comforts should he
procured from (lieir own labor, which, under
skilful management and good discipline, is the
best means at our disposal for effecting the great
objects of penal pnnisiimeot, by preventing crime
ami producing reformation.
The reports of the superintendunts of the pub
lie hands, will nresent to tbe Legislature the op
erations, progress and success of that branch ot
the public service (luting the past political year
—and which, under all the circumstances, au
thorize the nelief, that the agents entrusted with
the improvement of uur public foads, are entitled
to the public confidence and approbation. My
general views, heretofore submitted to the I.egis-
lature'on this subject, have undergone no change
— Rut it devolves on the Representatives of the
people and not the Executive, to determine
whether the present systPin shall be abandoned,
nr be sustained by such legislation as Inis hereto
fore been suggested.
No one can feel more gratified than myself, at
the manifestation of the rising spirit of enter
prise, which has characterised the proceedings of
our fellow-citizens, in various parts of the State,
in regard to works of internal improvement.—
This spirit should not be checked, but encourag
ed by the Legislature. Every Icitizen and sec
tion of the State should have the lawful privilege
of investing tltetr capital according to their own
views of profit—guarding, at the same time, the
interest of the residue of the community from in
jury being sustained, by any exclusive privileges
which may be granted. Our past experience,
however, should admonish us to be .cautious how
we entangle the State, by bccomidg partners with
individuals, or corporate bodies of men. Such
associations between Government and its citi
zens, ate considered dangerous t to equality and
liberty. Tbe favoured capitalist, who becomes
a partner with tiie government, rarely fail to as
sume some unusual consequence on -account of
the association; and generally, the result is, that
tlte government is left to bear the burthens of the
concern, while.the individual partners reap the
whole profits—or abandon the project before any
thing is advanced except by the government..
If. the State should, at this time, determine to
enter upon any gtdat work of internal improve
ment. it sltouiti be a central Rail Road through
the entire State; beginning at tbe best empori
um on oar coast, and proceeding from theme, in
n direction best calculated n benefit the largest
portion of our population, to the base of the
mountains. A well constructed Rail Iload,
through the centre of tlte State, being once com
pleted, it would be speedily intersected by va
rious roads from all parts of tlte State at the
points most needed,. Tltegreat highway ofcom-
htercial intercourse being thus permanently es
tablished, nothing could then hinder the progress
of internal improvement iq.Georgia, to the full
extent which, utility might digtate. To effect
any thing permanently useful, it is- necessary to
concentrate \tie public mind to one great ccjnral
object, w hich shall bq considered and patronized
as a State, work, designed (or the benefit of the
whole people. The credit and resources of our
State, should not lie expended upon local or par
tial works of internal improvement. Our com-
menceiuetjl must necessarily be accurate surveys,
upon which true estimates may lie prcdicate.i.
and this can only be obtained by the services of
a skilful and well qualified Engineer. In con
nection with tlfis Subject, the views of a highly
respectable and numerous portion of our fellow-
citizens of Savannah and Macon, herewith sub
mitted, are entitled to the most deliberate and
respectful consideration; as also the report ol'tlie
commissioners, John G, PolRDl, Hugh Lawson,
and Moses Fort, Esquires, w ho, under a resolu
tion of the last Legislature, were appointed and
instructed to examine the port ol' Drunswick and
the Rail Rond avenue to the Alatamnha ; which
repart, with various other documents, is herewith
laid before the General Assemlily.
Savannah, the fust settled point and long es
tablished emporium of our State, has for years
past, contended against a rivalry, which has not
only pnralizcd her advancement, but must even
tually annihilate her prosperity as an important
commercial city, unless she is sustained by liber
al legislation. Many considerations connected
with ottr history as a Slate, forbid the, abandon
ment of our fust aud most impoilaut sea-port
tow a, unless the interest of the great body of the
people of thr. State, shall tequire such a course.
The great question whirh should now lie settled
is, whether the interest of the people of Georgia
will be most effectually promoted by a determina
tion to sustain and build up Savannah? Or
w hether we should look to Brunswick, Darien ot
some other port, as possessing equal or Miperioi
advantages? The reason why this question
should now he settled is obvious. If we cont
inence a great central clftftiAfcl *qf commerce—
we should commence at the ocean and proceed
to the mountains. The State should have but
one work ot this description on hand at a time;
and that should be directed with the single view
of benefiting the greatest niunbei of our citizens.
Various considerations admonish every true Geor
gian to lay aside his local and sectional preju
dices, and to exercise a magnanimous spirit of
patriotic state pride, which will secure to l:in)*e!f
and fellow-citizens those commercial advantages,
which the God of Nature designed for the pro
pie, who should inhabit this favoured portion of
ihe conlereracy. It would be mortifying, in
deed, to see the immense products of onr own
State drawn from their natnp I rhhnijels of ties
filiation four own extensive Atlantic coast) to
trade? The eastern counties of Tenne
nearer to the coast of Georgia tlinu any other At
lantic market; and it is confidently believed, that
if we had a suitable channel of eonimeice. or it
other words, a good rail road from a sea-port in
Georgia to tbe mountains', it would be extended
without delay to the heart of the great West.—
The great mountain I,airier which separates the
Western, from the Atlantic waters, can. it is be
lieved, be more easily overcome, and at far less
expense in Geotgia, than any one of tiie Atlan
tic States.
Under the authority of a joint resolution of
the General Assembly, passed at the last session,
Wiilia m Nichols jr. Esquire, a gentleman of
high qualifications, was duly appointed by the |
Executive, and lias made the necessary surveys,
to ascertain the jiractic-jhility ini' a commercial j
communication between West Point in Troup
county and the town of Columbus; which report
is in a Elate of preparation and will be laid be
fore the Legislature at ait early day of (lie pres
ent session. The information collected l>v this
examination and survey, will enable the Legisla
ture to determine what can, and ought to be
done, to improve the commercial facilities of that
interesting section of the-State.
In pursuance ofthe provisions ofa resolution
Approved the 84th December last, the improve
tueiits on the Fractional Surveys of land in the
Cherokee Territory, have been rented for tli
present year, and the notes received fot rent have
been deposited in this Department, subject to tiie
direction ol'tlie Legislature. The repoits of the
commissioners who performed this duty are here
with submitted, and will afford lull and detailed
information oh the subject.
Various resolutions passed by the Legislatures
of a number ofthe States of the Union, on sub
jects of general concern, have been transmitted
to this Department, with a request, that they
should be laid before the General Assembly of
this State—And are. therefore, respectfully sub
mitted for your consideration. Many of these
documents are so voluminous, that it lias been
found impracticable to furnish copies for the
convenience of tiie respective branches of the
Legislature; the originals ofsuch are, therefme.
transmitted to lire House of Representatives. No
recommendation or comment on the part ofthe
Executive is deemed necessary in regard to tiie
resolutions submitted, except those passed by
- lie Legislature of Afdbatn on the subject of t he
boundary line between that State aud our own;
and Those from the State of Pennsylvania, on
the subject of the “ entire abolition of lotteries.”
The importance ot an : am.liable, speedy and
definite adjustment of the boundary line between
Georgia aud Alabama, is too obvious to require
argument; and the plan proposed bv the Legis
lature of Alabama, is entitled to the respectful
consideration of the Representatives of the peo
ple of Georgia.—The resolutions, together with
the correspondence, which has passed between
tiie Executives of the two States, will urge the
expediency of an earl^ attention tu this subject—
and i would recommend to the Legislature, a
course which may afford full evidence, that Geor
gia is prepared for the must ample investigation
of her claims, and that she seeks nothing but that
justice from others, which alone will bo satisfac
tory to herself.
I concur with the public authorities ofthe pat
riotic State of Pennsylvania, io respectfully
recommending your cordial co-operation with
tbe Legislature of that State, in effecting the
entire abolition of lotteries.
The survey and settlement ofthe entire terri
tory of the State having been accomplished. 1
would lespectfullj recommend to the Legila-
ture, that immediate provision be made for exe
cuting a splendid Map of Georgia. In order to
construct an accurate Map ofthe State, it will be
necessary to cause a resurvey of tbe county-lines
nt that part of the State, situate between thr-
Savannah an r i Ocone riverSr
'1 he tuip.ierous Acts aud Resolutions of the
last Legislature, requiring the action of the Ex
ecutive, have received prompt and due attention,
by carrying into effect the objects contemplated
by tiie Legislature, or by placing such objects in
a course of execution, w hich, in due time, (as
far a s'may be practicable) will'ensure their com
pletion.
A statement ol Executive-Warrants drawn on
the Treasurer during the political year 1C33,
and a list of Executive-Appointments made du
ring tiie recess of the Legislature, are herewith
transmitted.
Fellow-citizens, under a deep sense of the
magnitude of onr responsibilities, suffer me to re
mind you, that, as American citizens, a benifi-
cen> Providence has place us upon a lofty emi
nence. The eyes of all the world are directed
io the people oi'these Uniind plates. To us, as
a people, has been entrusted, upon a large scale,
the experiment, whether a . people can govern
themselves without kings, nobility, or .standing
armies. To us, belongs tiie distinction of de
monstrating. that millions upon"millions of free
and equal citizens may dweR together in peace
and prosperity: exercising all the prerogative*
of wise self-govcrinreni, without tumult, anar
chy, or domestic wars. And to ensure aud per
petuate these inestimable privileges to our poster
ity, we should always bear in mind, tltat our peo
ple must be virtuous and intelligent. Ignorance
and vice are opposed to liberty. Religion trith
out religious establishments, affords the best guar
antee of the perpetuation of our republican sys
tem. The principles inculcated by the Savion
of man, in Ins' sermon'on the Mount, will make
a pedple obedient to laws, emanating from them
selves, and administered bv a citizen magistrate
of their own choosing, without the aid of mpeen-
ary legions, and the pomp and power, w hich are
the attendants of despotic und arbitrary govern
ments. That, the Creating Power of the Uni
verse may clothe us with a spirit of repuhljcan
simplicity, equality and liberty—and guide the
onward march in that course of policy, which
shall ensure to posterity, the unfading inheritance
of equal rights and free government—is the fer
vent prayer'of your fellow-citizen.
WILSON LUMPKIN.
i tit
itly prov
wounds-, seven in number; that the tiri
was not conclusively shown to !, ave
them; and (hat the’offence, if proved, dj?^
amount to murder by tho Comami T 7**
v> t * i . * ' u ot i..
State, wiitcii was, n> many particular* i 1
those excepted by Statute, different ft .
Common Law of England. This last * '
defence opened a wide range bfjfcq^ **
the case being, it is believed, tbe h:\u'; 'T’
kind ever tried in New England, r.' li;:
ed on the part of the Stare, by T/io:rm V
Bair, and tbe Attorney-Genera!, t;; V;
Greene, and for the prisoner, by Rkhr'd u
Greene, (U. S. District Attorney) j ,'
Wh ipple. Chief Justice Eddy rbrgj
jnrv that the' Common Law of
well as some parts of the Statute Lafe
the Revolution, was our law; thatit fai *
recognised by our legislature, by a strori C
plication; that although some parts uf ip. t ~"
plicablu to tbe circumstances ofthe State ^
not in force here, the law relating to n;uri' r -
was,.that if the jury believed the acts clianJ
upon tho prisoner were proved by theovJdence
they constituted murder by impliedni a J; Ce .
that the offence could not be either of tj.,.
of manslaughter; it was either muriiir tr no
thing, under the present indictment. The w,
ry, after being out all night, returned a verdin
at ten o’clock on Sunday morning, of
tan/ Manslaughter.
The sentence was two years’ imprison^"
and J000 dollars fine. The Chief Justkr^
pronouncing it, expressed his regret (hat it
more guilty person should escape, while .
least so had to suffer; David Gibbs, iricJue
iu the indictment as an accessary before tit
f ict, for instigating, procuring, and aidina i,
the offence, was discharged, there being no ac
cessaries before the fact to manslaughter.
LAUGHABLE INCIDENTS.
The Bel Air Citizen gives the follower
laughable incidents on the descent of Mr. ff>
rant in his balloon, at that place:
Ou tlte farm of Capt. N. \V. S. Hays’ v«t
near this place, nil the negroes, consisting ef
twelve or fifteen, were in a field at wort.—
When Mr. Durant arrived immediately above
them, he baited them to ascertain if tiie tow a
in sight was Bel-Air. The sounds terrier
startled ihein, not knowing'from whence iej
came: and when they saw, far above the an,
the “questionable shape,’’ they all took.')
their heels leaving every implement to the ee
cy of—any but themselves. When the/ ar
rived at the quarter, it is said the <iW tvas
fastened, which they immediately burst open;
and in they went, one over the other, eacli try
ing by all means to make sure his escape from—
thr. devil.
A black man who was cutting wood near ii*
village, immediately on seeing the ‘Vreadfd
messenger” as he thought it, dropped his axe,
and although a quarter of a mile from WSfiie—
the balloon being about the same distance from
the village arrived before tho strange YUiicr.
A black, woman, in the village, who was jus:
going homo from the pump,.with a bucket •:
w ater on her head, is said to have dropped her
bucket, water and all, and made “streaks”
home “<7 lecile the quickest,” screaming “M«-
der! Murder!’’’ at. the highest pitch -of bi
lungs.—Journal of Commerce.
From the Erctr.r Metes Better.
Tobacco.—We must give it up. Tlte dec
tors, medical and divine—are lifting up i'-
voices against it. They are lecturing agw*
it, preaching against it. Divers henest nice,in
the spirit of Peter the Hermit, are soun-liUS Hie
alarm and raising the standard. The cnisads
are gathering—societies are .iorming—anul~
mas are uttering. Come Ladies and Gentle
men, 1 construct an altar with your'snuff and to
bacco boxes. Lay upon it youryeilow Scotch,
your Rtippce, pnd your Maccaboy; yojirC**"
er,dish, your Ladies’ Twist and your Pigtal
Apply a red hot lecture or resolution, - 1: !
laugh, as Nero did, while the fiaines atc as -
pending. * X ,, fl(i3
The doctors have convinced us, that snuffhj
affects the nose—and chewing the teeth— a -
botli the purse. We join the general hue ax
cry, and exclaim, “burn tbe tobacco!’
are for u war of extermination, and Lave Iate,.<
commenced ir in earnest, by ’ bernnig n gffc
number of Havanas—to say, nothing
and Long nines. . We would not, however, ^
violent in onr wrath. Like thonvonby old ot-
cer, who duly appreciates his pay
and rations,
we are for a long and a moderate trer-
Mr. Sehiads. a Prussian, has lately invented
a ueiv wind instrument which imitates at the
same time, the sounds of the hautboy, the clari
onet, the bassoon, two French horns, in all their
purity and different tones. He has called this
comprehensive instrument, the Lyre of Apollo.
This lyre which is a foot high, and seven inches
wfde, embraces four octaves, has no less than
forty-two keys, and only six holer.
VINEGAR.
Mn.'Editor—A subscriber wishes to ‘■ f ’ ^
formed through tho medium of ydorust’fiu l' a
per, if there is any' more cheap and expcCd'l
method, of converting Cider into vinegar y
the usual way ; that the abundance oi rll; ^
with which bur orchards abound the P' 1 *^
season, may bocoinq a blessing; instead
curse., r jj
^ Note.—Tbe best method ol niakiag
gar with which we are acquaint* d, is t0 .j-
two casks of must, fill one full, jpe ! sr
full. Place them in a temperature els,X j- fr .
seventy degrees, with the bung open- ^ j.
mentation wilt soon take place b> !ll( j
’ ° f """thelkll
containing the smallest quantity
when itis in vigorous progress draw from
cask and nut into the other. Thus rt l^
process of changing the must trom one c
the other, daily, for about sevemfin
when good vinegar will he obtained.
If any of our readers or c'^ r, ' s P'^T^]
have a cheaper or more expe'
than the one we have
ot our -- - . ’4,,h
dirmtis mri
i (!<pV n*
iyen, we hop* ■ ■ ■
jcommuDirate it for tho Farmer.