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ESTABLISHED ,1826.}
MACON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1869.
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VOL. XLIV.—NO. 17
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?( EnORIF.M OP CHILDHOOD. .
BY STD NET HERBERT.
Ko. 2.—MATERNAL TENDERNESS.
Yv mother's voice—the tenderert and the best
hr rirJilbood’s unforgotten melodics.
01 \Emma Alice SromC
YTjea I remember, as I do with deep sorrow,
lie «nst«rity and coldness of my father, and re-
csll, as I must overdo, withineroaaingreverence
Bid sscrsd pleasure, the tenderness and sympathy
n( my good mother—who was of Scotch parent-
jg^Xoan appreciate the feeling which prompted
,v a learned and eloquent Dr. Thos. Chalmers, of
Scotland, in speaking of his mother, to givo her
u m'h credit as possible for the possession of
tenderness and sympathy in her maternal char-
jjter. In doing this, however, he most ingeni-
onsly draws upon tho virtues of her declining
jtus for matorial with which to qualify the de-
feiencios of her early maternal training. “ My
impression of her was,” ho says, “that she was
sore remarkable for the cardinal than the softer
sirtnes." And, as if an apology were needed,
Adda: “ But age, and tho power of Christianity
together, mellowed her whole character; the
•nilnm of charity, and tho peace which the
vorid knoweth not, threw a most beautifnl and
pjd light over the evening of her days.”
This is all very comforting; hut it does not
tike from tho memories of childhood the sad
ness end chilliness which her want of tender
ness and sympathy threw around the boyhood
tfher gifted son. He may rejoice, as he does,
in the ‘‘mildness" and “mellowness” of her
daracter in her declining years, yet he cannot
by any such process as this, change the natnre
of the feelings with which he recalls, as he ever
mast, tho coldness and severity of the maternal
Atmosphere in which his early years were spent.
A happy childhood, a tender, sympathising
Bother—these will furnish sweet and blessed
Bcmories, snch as can be derived from no other
soared, and which no change of fortune or
length of days can obliterate or modify in the
least degree.
Nearly every eminent man who has paid a
tribute to his mother’s memory and excellence
in the smile, more or less open, of my mother.
The reins of my heart were in her hands—she
.asked nothing of me but to be truthful and
good. What she wished was to make mo a hap
py child, with a healthy mind and a loving sonl;
a creature of God, and not a pnppet of man.”—
Tho eminent and learned divine, tho Rev. Dr.
Samuel Miller, does not in the least degree ex
aggerate when he speaks most emphatically of
his mother's superior virtues. She was without
question a very exemplary woman. “I nover
think of her character,” he says, “taken alto
gether, without a mixture of veneration, wonder
and gratitude. Tho fidelity with which she in
structed me; the‘fervor and tenderness with
which she prayed with me ; and the unceasing
care with which she watched over oil my inter
ests, especially those of a moral and religions
nature have been, as I should think, seldom
equalled.”
A single example more will suffice. The Rev.
Dr. Hamilton, a distinguished English divine,
says: “To this monrtlht-f recall the soft, kind
manner or a mother, who early left her orphan
child for a brighter and more congenial scene.
How could thy child, blest parent, but remem
ber thee? Ever must he retain the imago of
thy face and the lustre of thine example.” O,
mothers of to-day! if you would have your
sons bear yon lovingly in their hearts long after
the grave has closed over yon, impress those
hearts in childhood and youth with tho sweet
tenderness of a fond mother’s watchful care.
Be firm and judicious, like the mothers above
named; bnt let all yonr acts, like theirs, be gov
erned by the laws of kindness. Tho folding of
the little hands in prayer: the repeating of the
hymns of childhood; the nightly visits and the
good-night kiss; tho memory of these will be
donbly precious, and far more lasting and vivid
in the future of yonr child’s life, if the atmos
phere which surrounds these early exercises and
duties is fragrant with maternal tenderness and
loving sympathy.
Clayton, Ala., November, 1869.
AUL ABOUT ELTAILA.
Its Commercial Importance, Population
and Progress.
Eufaula, Aba., November 1st, 1869.
The adage, or maxim, that “ practice makes
perfect,” is well illustrated in the case of yonr
correspondent Though he does not undertake
to say that perfection would have been his re
ward, yet a long abstinence from the use of the
insignificant little instrument “mightier than
the sword ” (in some hands), makes him hesi
tate to venture a letter that may bo worthy of
the space in yonr valuable paper.
Nearly three years have rolled away their
tedious rounds, with their struggles, vicissitudes
7chmct“er, “specially those who toTtheir j recurring changes, since the writer visited
Bothers in childhood and youth-has ma de Bcenes ha Uowed by memory and association,
touching reference to her tenderness. The Rev. The progress of the “ Bluff City” is wonderful
Dr. Tyng, says: “She died fifty years ago; yet I both population and material wealth. Tho
I «n remember her as distinctly ns though it j former embraces, at a rough guess, not less than
were only yesterday. I shall never forget all j
la kind ways and gentle words." The Rev.
increase of not under fifty or sixty mercantile
establishments, confectioneries, shops, manu
factories of various kinds, mills, two hotels,
three large fire-proof cotton warehouses, two or
three banking bouses, five churches, a female
oollego and several private schools, a foundry,
“when I had completed my sixth year, ye$ I ire* | *"> large livery stables-and last, but far from
member her well; I remember, too, a multitude ! *>“»*.“ fonrth estate” is represented by two
of those maternal tenderness(s which I received I newspapers, the Bluff City'Times, by Messrs,
from her, and which have endeared her memory Macon and Williams, and tho News, ""
Dr. Neale, writes: “I followed her to the grave
»ken I was a boy of fifteen, bnt her street looks,
Her welcome smile, her love that knew no pall, are
ever fresh in my memoiy.” The poet Cowper,
bears similar testimony. “She died,” he says,
to me beyond expression.
The poet Southey is unbounded in bis praise
of his mother’s gentler virtues. “ God never
Uessed a human creature,” he declares, “with
iraore cheerful disposition, a more generous
spirit, a sivccter temper or a tenderer heart. In
nee the
“Spirit of the South,” by John Black, Esq.,
which are creditably conducted, and appear to
be, as they deserve, liberally supported.
Our friend J. W. Young’s foundry is an insti
tution of itself, and turns out work that may be
equaled but not surpassed. Who does not ob-
.pekness of capacity, in tho kindness of her na- ! tain his castings from Young’s will as surely as
______ _ __ - . - porrlc shnw. lin ‘‘down in
hire, and in that kind of moral magnetism which
*iss the affections of all within its sphere, I
never knew her equaL” Tho mother of the
Esv. Dr. Cone, his sister tells ns, “was cheerful
»ni always mild and meek and patient. Her
set'irr was exquisitely tender, and yet she had
tie fortitude of a soldier." The Rev. Dr.
Ifkittiinore says: “O, how I was moved by my
mother's tears. My father was a good man, and
futhfnl in every respect to his family, who all
loved and reverenced him; but family discip
line he saw fit to leave principally in tho hands
of my mother. She did not spare the rod; bnt
Lr great power was in her affection." A simi-
I# testimony is given in regard to the mother
of Admiral Foote. “ Father,” says his brother,
“was emphatically the first officer of tho ship;
hat mother was the executive in tho family.
She was one of the kindest of women, devoted
to her family, and disposed to exhaust every
other remedy before resorting to any severity.
Laconditional, unquestioning' obedience wa3
the rale for family discipline.” Amos Lawrence,
the merchant prince and philanthropist, de-
•eribes his own mother in similar terms. He
®JB: “To all tho kindest affections and si/mpn-
fe, she united energy and decision, and in
Itr household enforced that strict, unhesitating
Sxiienct, which she considered as the founda-
•touof all success in the education of children.”
Garibaldi pays tho following beautifnl tribute J
his unique illustrated cards show, be “down in
the month.”
With one or two exceptions, the churches—
architecturally speaking—are a blemish upon
and almost a reproach to, the appearance of the
city. An improvement, however, has already
begun, and ere long all tho houses of worship
will be in keeping with the grand purpose of
their erection. The membership and citizens,
with characteristic liberality, are building a
magnificent Presbyterian church, on the Gothic
style, that will be a credit and an ornament.
All visiting strangers are favorably impressed
with Eufanla and its beautifnl location. Ap-
proaohing from the west it appears to bo on an
extended plain in a valley, bnt going to tho
river, that bng-bear of valitudinarians and all
who anticipate sickness before it comes, he will
look down on the beautifnl stream, from a bluff
a hundred and fifty feet high, commanding a
splendid landscape for miles into Southwestern
Georgia. The city is laid off in squares, and
the broad streets ending in beautifnl perspec
tive, are bordered with shade trees, and hand
some residences with flower yards. The busi
ness aspect on almost every day of the week is
lively and cheering; the principal streets are
thronged and literally jammed with wagons
from the surrounding counties of Georgia and
Alabama, bringing in the fleecy staple and re
taining laden with goods from the enterprising
k his devoted mother: “In mentioning my j and intelligent merchants.
Sother, I speak it with pride, she was a model j This is compelled to be, in a not far distant
mothers. Her tender affection for me has, j period, an important rnilroad centre, and the
Pwhaps, boon excessive; but do I not owe to ‘ great distributing point for Southeast Alabama,
Ur love, to hor cng3l.liko character, the little Southwest Georgia and West Florida. Already
Stodthat belongs to mine?” And still more
Uwtifnl and tender is the tribute of Horace
Linn, to his revered parent: “She deserves my
*°ve,'’ says he, “for her excellencies, and my
Pititude for the thousand nameless kindnesses
*hieh ghg in the fullness of parental
,,tn derness, bestowed upon me. How often
Uve 1 traced her features in that incomparable
Ascription of Irving's, of the Widow and her
A®. Oh, there is an enduring tenderness in the
of a mother to her son!” WilliamRoscoe,
English philanthropist and author, makes
following acknowledgement of his indebted-
to maternal tendorness: “To the instruc
ts of a kind and affectionate mother, I be-
-■ve I may safely attribnte any good principles
•Lich may have appeared in my conduct during
l7 e - ’ The Rev. Albert Barnes thus describes
7 s toother's many rare virtues: “She was a
' ""f> tender, affectionate mother. No exertion,
-Etching, no self-denial, were ever thought
*-o much when the welfare of her children
^for them: nor did age, distance or ab-
'^ce, cool that ardor of love and devoted af-
■*tion which burned within her soul for her
family.”
mother of Lamertine, the French poet
author, was a woman of the finest culture
Undereat sensibilities ; and it is not strange
he should say, as he does, in paying tri-
■ 1 ‘8 to her worth: “My education was wholly
•^tered in the glance, more or less serene, and
the terminus of tho Southwestern Railroad from
Macon, twelve months will find it in daily com
munication with Montgomery, from which it
has been so long isolated; and communication
by rail with Brunswick, the best harbor on the
South Atlantic, thence to Savannah, is a “fixed
fact.” As a cotton, produce and dry goods mar
ket, Enfanla has no superior in any town of
similar size, or even larger in Alabama or Geor
gia. Tho receipts-of cotton gradually increase
from year to year, being last season 25,000
bales, and it is estimated that not less than 27,-
000 will be received, sold and shipped the pres
ent—some of which, as last year, has been
brought even from Sumter county, Georgia, and
Washington county, Florida. Besides the pres
ent and projected railroads, Eufanla has com
munication by steamboat with the Gulf at Apa
lachicola. All these advantages, with its rela
tive geographical situation; the productive soil,
susceptible of a high degree of cultivation; and
large extent of country tributary, filled with a
thrifty and enterprising population, promise to
make it (germ as it now is) of a large and flour
ishing inland city.
The Union Female College, on the Dorio-
Ionio order of architecture, is situated on *
beautiful eminence, commanding a view of the
town, and should be fostered by the people, and
remain, as it was.intended, a permanent and
flourishing institution. The building is com
fortable, spacious and commodious, and with no
local cause of sickness. The moral, social and
educational advantages and influences of Enfan
la are unexceptionable.
I had almost forgotten to mention the two
valuable and indispensable fire companies, to*
wit: the Phoenix and the Cleburne, numbering
about a hundred and fifty efficient and well
drilled members. The engines are of first-rate
pattern, and the membership and paraphernalia
would do credit to. a larger city, as I learn was
demonstrated a few months ago, when tho two
companies ODjoyed the hospitality of Macon.
Speaking -of the means of checking the fire-
fiend, reminds mo that the representatives of
that nsoful institution, fire and life insurance,
resident and traveling, are hero as elsewhere,
“thick as leaves in Vallauibrosa.”
Bnt this prosy letter must be closed with the
statement that all desirable accessions, with or
without capital, to the population of this beau
tiful little city will meet with an encouraging
welcome. Bnt there is no room for idlers. All
who are willing to participate in the race of in
dividual and general improvement will be re
ceived as so many additions to the productive
capacity of the country, though their livelihood
be earned “in the sweat of the brow.”
As Rath said to Naomi, so feeleth and saith
your correspondent of the people of dear old
Barbour and Southeast Alabama, many of whom
have long since gone to tho “undiscovered
country:” “ Thy people shall be my people, and
thy God my God: where thou, dicst will I die,
and there will I be buried. ***
From Barbour County, Alabama.
Clayton, Ala., November 1, 1869.
Editors Telegraph In my last letter I spoke
of a promise which I made in my first epistle,
that my next communication should be devoted
“to the crops and business in generaL” This
was an error on my part, as the original prom
ise was, so my own printed words declare, that
I would give an account of tho “plans for seve
ral important and desirable improvements in
the future management of onr public affairs,”
and this promise I will now seek to make good.
First, if not foremost, I may state that nego
tiations are now under way, with every prospect
of a speedy and successful consummation, for the
establishment, at an early day, of a weekly
journal in this place, one that shall bo second
to no papor of a similar character at the South.
Greater attention will be given to its literary
character and to tho proper condensing of local
and general news items, than is now customary
with onr country editors. The weekly journals
of the South ought to carry into the family cir
cle a larger amount of literary matter salted to
its juvenile members. There is too much “hash”
on the outside pages of many of onr weeklies,
and too few short stories and interesting articles
for women and children. This defect can be
remedied without any extra expense and with
but little additional editorial labor, by a more
careful and systematic condensing of local and
general news items, and by the abolishing or
* pruning” of fulsome and, in many cases, mean
ingless puffs of business establishments and
patent medicines. Let these be crowded into
closer companionship with the advertising col
umns, which is a much more appropriate place
for them.
Onr citizens are Just mm raising a linerai
subscription with which to enlarge, complete
and paint both “The Clayton Female College”
and “The Clayton Male Academy” buildings.
The former institution, which is under the most
efficient care of Prof. Johnson, has about
sixty pupils, many of them boarding scholars
from this and other States. The “Academy,”
for the time being, owing to the continued sick
ness of the Principal, is under the charge of
Mr. Oscar Lone, a young law-student, and son
of Dr. Lano of thi3 place. Nor is thisincreased
interest in onr schools confined to the secular
departments. The Sunday schools of the Bap
tist and Methodist Churches havo recently made
large gains in their weekly attendance, by the
putting forth of new energies, and by the look
ing up of absentees and the children of the poor.
The Baptist Sunday school has adopted the
“class-banner” plan—each class has a distinct
ive name—“Infant Songsters”—“Little Reap
ers”—“Cheerful Givers”—“Singing Pilgrims”—
“Bible Readers” and such like appropriate ap
pellations. These names are inscribed on white
banners bound and lettered with red, similar in
shape to cavalry guidons, which are hung to
staffs attached to the end of the seats. This
plan, which has been so successful elsewhere,
promises to givo a permanent increase to tho
interest felt in the success of tho school, and to
fill up and multiply the classes.
I have previously spoken of the Montgomery
and Eufanla railroad, tho survey of which is
now fully under way, and the completiorf of
which it is expected will largely increase the
business in our midst. “It is a safe calcula
tion,” says Major-General H. D. Clayton, “ to
say that this road will annually receive from
Clayton ten thousand bales of cotton, and bring
back a corresponding amount of freight from
the other direction.” With this road complet
ed, giving ns daily communication with Macon,
wo shonld send a large delegation to yonr ap
proaching State Fair, which is tho subject of
much favorable comment by onr planters.
To-day the Circuit Court commences a three
weeks’ session, Jndge J. McCaleb. Wiley on the
bench. This will add numerous and large rein
forcements to onr already “small army” of local
practitionors, and fill friend Hill’s long and well-
furnished tables with a goodly array of legal
talent But Richard is always “himself”, and
will spare no efforts to surround his guests with
every comfort and convenience of a modem
“hostlery.” I ought not to omit to mention,
that the most of onr lawyers are blessed with
military titles. Nearly, if not quite, every one
to whom I have had an introduction—I can
think of no exception—was a general, colonel,
major, or captain; which leads me to suppose
that this region must have sent a great many
privates to the army, or else that the companies
were made up, as were some of our proposed or
ganizations, of forty-nine officers and one pri
vate. Yours, fraternally,
Sidney Hebbebt.
Going to Texas.—Between two hundred and
fifty and three hundred people left here yester
day morning—all emigrating to Texas. Most of
them were from Forsyth county, and are for
saking the State just as it is emerging from
darkness into light, from bitter embarrassment
into indntsrial prosperity. What short-sighted
ness it is to leave a State that promises so much
to go to one that promises so little, at least to
the present generation ! We believe it is an er
roneous judgment that dictates emigration from
Georgia now. No State promises more to in
dustrial labor than this does, and men who quit
it operate against their own interests. Better
to stay in Georgia and help make the old State
as errand as she is capable and worthy of being.
[Atlanta New Era.
Weekly Resume ol Foreign Affairs.
PREPARED FOB THE GEORGIA TELEGRAPH.
Great Britain.—Gladstone has addressed a
letter to the'Presideni of the Amnesty Associa
tion in Limerick, explaining the course the gov
ernment intends to pursue concerning the mass
demonstrations in favor of the Fenian prisoners.
He says the members of the government, after
having careftjlly perused the many petitions pre
sented to then on that subject, had unanimously
arrived at tbs conclusion that a release of the
prisoners wrtild he opposed to thoir duties as j
protectors of tho public peace and safety.
In the last sitting of the Social-Scientific Con- ’
gress in Bristol, Mr. Raphael Brandon proposed ‘
a plan for favoring a .uniform reduction of rail- 1
way fares. He suggested to place tho whole [
railway net of the country under tho control of j
the government and to IV tho tariff of railway';
travel at ono shilling'febr-fone to ono hundred j
and fifty miles for first six pence for sec- I
ond, and three pence for third-class passengers. |
Sir Samuel Baker writes from Egypt that his .
fleet of steamers and sailing vessels has left for ;
Chartram. 800 camels are ready to carry across :
the desert the English iron steamers which can *
be taken to pieces. They are destined for nav- j
igation on the Albert Nyanza. The expedition
will as well extend tho empire of the Viceroy of
Egypt as open new fields to commercial enter
prise.
The efforts for re-establishing the cable of
1866 have as yet proven fruitless.
France.—The 26th of October has passed
away and “Caesar” still sits on the throne of
France. Marshal Bazaino had received instruc
tions to crush any revolutionary movements by
the convincing argument of cannon balls and
bayonet charges. Paris, with her modem
straight, wide boulevards offers a fine opportu
nity for displaying a large military force. Tho
Emperor feeling, secure under tho rogis of his
faithful satellites, drove through Paris on that
anxiously looked for day, which the prophets of
evil had already compared to the Ides of March.
All recent measures of the government most
convince France that Napoleon is not sincere
in his professions of a liberal and constitutional
government. Discontent is fast spreading in
all classes of society, and there is no telling
what may occur in Paris quite unexpectedly.
On all street comers proclamations were visible
reminding the Parisians that the prefects and
police prefect of Paris, by tho law of 1866,
are authorized not to prohibit bnt to adjourn as-
sembliesin dangerous times. This has, of course,
added new fuel to the already existing dissatis
faction. In a discussion of the present situa
tion in France, the “Times” thinks the jeolons
and illogical course of the government to bo
beyond criticism. “Tho Emperor,” tho paper
says, “treats the French people as school boys;
he keeps the switch before their eyes to intimi
date them, bidding them at the same time to
enjoy thoir full liberty on the play-ground.”
“Le Gaulois” famishes the following descrip
tion of “Napoleon the Sick,” “in his dressing
room, the Emperor is dressed in a dressing-gown
of blue flowery silk, which, being open in front,
displays a jacket of flannel, yellowish trowsors,
and slippers of maroqnin complete the sick cos
tume. He does not] waat the Imperial crown or
a wreath of laurels,ynbt ifl^n a algk<teai5.”
The price for telegrams has been further re
duced. A telegram of twenty words will now
only cost one half franc within ono and the
same department, and one franc for. whole
France. These low rates allow even the poorest
to enjoy the benefit of this wonderful invention
which has annihilated time and space.
According to the “Figaro,” Ex-Queen Isabella
has purchased a piece of property for 24,000
franca in Bonnenil, where “Sister Patrocinio”
the confessor and evil spirit of tho Queen, to
gether with twenty-five other nuns will take up
their residence. Isabella has reserved for herself
a separate chamber to indulge from time to time
in pious meditations. “Senor Marfori,” the “Fi
garo” adds sarcastically, “has just nowsnperin-
tended the necessary arrangements himself.”
The Italian Marquis Villamarina wroto a let
ter to Father Hyacinthe before his departure for
America, assuring him of tho Marquis’ full and
undivided sympathies.
The latest fashion of tho Parisian Demi-Monde
is to carry a peacock’s feather in tho hand while
walking.
North German Confederation.—The first of
October marks an important era in the progress
of Germany. On that day the new regulations
with respect to trades and professions came into
force in tho North German Confederation, thus
ending the struggle which has been carried on
for many years between labor and commerce on
the one hand and privilege on the other. The
new regulations, in connection with other laws
lately passed, secure the German nation a free
dom in respect to labor and commerce such as
but few other States in Europe enjoy.
The sessions of tho Prussian Landtag' were
hitherto of little interest. In *both Chambers
interpellations have been announced respecting
the proposed issue of 100,000,000 thalers for the
construction of railways by tho Berlin Discount
Company, in the form of a lottery loon.
The Crown Prince of Prussia had met with a
very cordial reception at the Court of Vienna.
On his way to the Orient via Venice ho will also
pay a visit to Victor Emanuel in Florence.
Sewing machines of a quite new construction
are now in use in Germany. They are set and
kept in motion by a clock-work, which, if wound
up, lasts three hours. Tho tiring and injurious
task of treading is, therefore, perfectly done
away with.
Austria.—Tho Austrian review, “Archives of
the Marine,” announces that an Italian, Mnra-
tori, has offered to sell to tho Emperor Napoleon
the secret of a composition intended to neutral
ize the destructive effects of the new weapons.
The principal component is a sort of felt, mixed
with various other substances and thus trans
formed into a compaot and adhesive mass. This
felt, after being kneaded by powerful machines,
then made liquid, and finally cooled, will resist,
it is said, even at a short distance, rifle and pis
tol balls, bayonet thrusts and sabre strokes. A
Chassepot rifle cannot pierce a cuirass made of
this material, and it is said to be well adapted
for covering the hulls of men-of-war, as a sub
stitute for the heavy and costly iron and steal
employed at present. The felt plates yield to the
impact and the holes made by the shot close of
themselves.
In the city of Caltaro, Dalmatia, an insnrreo.
ion had broken ont which was only suppressed
after an obstinate resistance on the part of the
Insurgents. Daring the rising they took posses
sion of a fort by treachery and put the garrison
to the sword. Peace is now re-established.
* The Emperor Francis Joseph, will probably
witness the inauguration of the Suez Canal, too,
after having first paid a visit to the Padishah,
in Constantinople.
Spain.—Comparative quiet is restored in
Spain. The Republican rising is put down. All
Republican chiefs who were captured at the
head of insurgent bands will probably be shot.
Some executions have already taken place.
No choice of a King has been made yet The
members of the government cannot come to an
understanding respecting the future sovereign.
Italy.—The French troops in Civita Vecchia
make preparations indicating a lengthened oc
cupation.
The Crown Prince of Prussia has been very
well received by the Italians, who owe the pos
session of Venice to the battle of Sadowa..
Monotti Garibaldi is recruiting volunteers in
the province of Calabria.
Ninety-six recruits for the Papal army from
Canada had arrived in Rome.
Five hundred bishops, among them seven car
dinal, are expected for the Council.
Russia.—The Empress of Russia, who is con
tinually suffering, will pass the winter in Nice.
Alexander IE is likewise sick and afflicted with
deep melancholy. The two last attempts on his
life are said to have made a sinister impression
on his mind. Alexander H is a humane mon
arch, but the avenging Nemesis seems to cry
vengeance for downtrodden Poland.
The measures for extinguishing everything
Polish continue. In the name of humanity, it is
to be hoped that Russian despotism will not snib-
cced in reducing to a mere name in history a
nation of ten millions of people who boasts of a
living language and a fine literature.
On the first of October a new law has been
published in Warshaw, proclaiming banishment
to Liberia, from five to fifteen years, for those
who smuggle or pass prohibited pamphlets or
papers. Death is the penalty for libels on the
Emperor.
Turkey.—The Great Powers have declined to
recognize tho new Turkish pass regulations, as
contrary to tho existing capitalations.
A new educational law, issued by the Sultan,
declares the elementary instruction to be com
pulsory as well for girls os for boys. The pri
mary schools will be Mahometan or Christian,
according to the population; the higher schools
will be common to all creeds. This new law
generally is very liberal, indicating another
great progress in the reorganization of the
Turkish Empire.
The Empress of the French had arrived in
Cairo. Jabno.
Delegates From County Agricultural
Societies to the State Fair.
Tho following named gentlemen have been
chosen by thoir respective county societies dele
gates to attend the State Fair:
Mitchell County—John A. McGregor, Dr. J.
B. Twitty, \V. E. Wilson, Joseph Ellis, John H.
Hall, Jonah B. Butler, Dr. Wm. Strother, J. P.
Heath, John W. Pearce, B. F. Brimberry.
Golaparchee — Monroe County — Dr. D. B.
Soarcy, Eden Taylor, Judge J. H. Evans, Dr. A.
H. Shi, James Norris, A. L. Perkins, A. F. Holt,
J. E. Taylor, J. Howard, E. B. Taylor, J. T.
Searcy.
2homas County—W. J. Blewitt, L. C. Bryan,
J. G. Diklo, W. D. Mitchell, A. P. Wright, J.
R. Alexardov-J i'V'^h^rd, A. T. McIntyre, E.
T. Davis, T. F. Jpn^-.j. j. Everett, Wm. Ste-
^»n r 2100c; Haines, i. o.-xnuvra, tr. xx. -Tmwoj,
Wm. Hammond, P. G. Mitchell, R. W. Heath,
E. Seixas, Daniel A. Horn, Joshua Taylor, B.
B. Moore, Joshua Carroll, John L. Parker, Corn
A. Powell
The West and South.
The impression which many people have of
tho great prosperity of the Northwest will be
somewhat damaged by a look at the actual state
of affairs. The farmers are reported as gloomy,
ond tho out look is even more gloomy than it
has been since 1860. Wheat is going down,
down from two dollars to seventy cents in the
interior. There is “too much wheat, too little
com, too many sheep, a low price for wool, and
too many debts,” all these acting to discourage
the people. The condition of the Northwest is
far worse than the South, where the agricultur
al interest is daily becoming stronger and rich
er. The secret of this deplorable state of things
in the West is tho effect of the enormous taxes,
protective tariffs, and tho general unsettled and
shaky condition of the financial affairs of the
country. It is a singular and significant fact
that the Southern credit is better to-day in New
York than the Western, and this in spito of all
of tho disorganization of labor, reconstruction
and poverty. So says the New York Post, and
the Tribune, which is as radical as gall, tells ns
that “the Southern trade this fall lias been the
salvation of New York,” and is, strange to say,
willing to accept its salvation from “red-handed
traitors, stabbers of the Union and sappers of
the foundations of the Republic.”
11, [Nashville Republican Banner.
Sad Accident.—We regret to learn of tho
sad misfortune of Mr. O. W. Johnson, last Sat
urday night on the State Road, at VIning’s Sta
tion, between Marietta and the Chattahoochee
river. In attempting to get on the train as it
was moving off, and just as he made the step to
mount,.his foot slipped and threw him off, and
the car passing over his left leg, crashed it at
tho ankle joint, and, drawing him still further
under, crashed the right knee joint. Amputa
tion of both legs will be necessary. Mr., John
son has been a faithful messenger, most of his
time on the State Road, for the last ten or twelve
years, doing good service for his employers. He
was detached during the war, to run supplies to
the army, and as messenger until Atlanta fell
the State Road has lost ono who they ought to
render support to his family for a time to come,
[Borne Daily, 2d w1st.
Camilla and Cnthbcrt Railroad.
The Thomasville Enterprise gives the names
of the Directors of this proposed road, which
we copy, viz:
Col. James L. Seward, of Thomasville, has
been elected President of the Camilla and Outh-
bert Railroad, and Capt. W. L. Walthour Sec
retary and Treasury, and A. L. Haines, Assis
tant. The following gentlemen are the Direc
tors : Mr. Joseph Scnlleh, General A. H. Col
quitt, Major W. D. Williams, of Baker county;
Captain L. W. Walthour, Col. W. M. McLen
don, Captain T. O. Lyons and James L. Seward,
of Thomasville.
The Bbinly Universal—Mobe Triumphs.—
Wo have to congratulate onr friends Brinly,
Miles & Hardy that deserved success still con
tinues to attend them; that more blue ribbons
attest their genius; that silver medals are roll
ing in upon them, and better still that the de
mand for the Brinly Universal Plow is steadily
increasing, as is the demand for all his patents.
A great triumph was achieved at' the Arkansas
State Fair the other day. The Brinly Univer
sal took the first premium oVer all competitors,
and there was opposition from Pittsburg, Cin
cinnati and tho Jeffersonville penitentiary—the
latter branded “Kentucky,” which is a forgery
and a swindle.
The first preminm was also taken, last week,
at the fair held in Jacksonville, Alabama. Mr.
Brinly has nothing to fear in the way of rivalry,
here or anywhere else. — Louisville Daily
Evening Bun, Oct. 22<L
Ex-Senator Yulee is now President of the
Florida Railroad, and as snch offers to give
eligible sites for the erection of Bchool-honsea.
wherever they shall be needed along the line of
the road.
IMMIGRATION.
Us Causes, its Direction and its Valne to
this Country.
At the meeting of the “American Association
on Social Science,” in New York City, on the
27th nit., Frederick Kapp, Esq., read the fol
lowing paper: *
Tho reason why people emigrate is because
they are persecuted either by the ruling powers
or by the social evils. Only thei poor and the
politically or the religiously disappointed emi
grate. The United States owes its power and
wealth to the conflux of tho poor and outcast of
Europe; to the farmer and mechanic who suc
ceeded the lazy discoverers. During the last
century emigrants were, so poor that they con
tracted for their passage ( and small loans, which
they repaid on their arrival in temporary servi
tude. The shipowners charged high rates, to
which were added 100 per cent, for the risk, and
the emigrant suffered in proportion. Young peo
ple had to serve for their old parents and sur
vivors for those of their family who died on the
passage. Adults had to serve three years, and
children from ten to fifteen years, until they
became of age; smaller children were without
charge surrendered to their masters, who had to
raise and board them. A ship’s passengers, up
on arrival in New York and Philadelphia, were
sold to the highest bidder. Robnst farmers and
sturdy mechanics - went off well, bnt military
officers and scholars were unsalable. The low
er classes generally got along well, bnt they
were sometimes treated very brutally. The
more a man was educated the worse for him.
Parents sold their children to remain free them
selves ; young people about to marry had to pay
five or six pounds for each farther year they
would have to serve, although a steerage passen
ger never cost more than ten pounds; runaway
servants were obliged to serve one week for each
day, ono month for each week, and six months
for every month they were absent. A master
might sell his servant for the unexpired term of
his temporary slavery. 'The last sales were in
Philadelphia in 1818 and 1819. From 1775 to
1815, emigration was very slim on account of
the American Revolution and the Euiopean
wars. Not more than 3,000 to 4,000 per annum
arrived during this period. When peace was
re-established, it took a fresh start. The fam
ine of 1816 and 1817 gave the first powerful
impetus to a larger German emigration. In
1827 there were 11,952 emigrants from the
United Kingdom, against 7,709 in 1S26, and in
182S there were 17,840. In 1829 the number
sank to 10,594, and in 1830 3,874. The increase
was the same in every year of great distress,
or revolution, or national distrust. During the
decade from 1845 to 1854, inclusively, Ireland
sent 1,512,100 emigrants to this country, bnt
after that her quota has fallen off to less than
one-half tho average of the last ten years. The
failure of the revolution of 1849-51 drove im
mense numbers of Germans over, but the great
est number came in 1854. From 1845 to 1854, in
clusively, the number of German emigrants was
1,226,392. In like manner emigration falls off as
the chances of success in the United States
grow less. The worse the times in Europe, the
larger the emigration; the worse the times ih
America, the smaller the emigration. Emigrants
prefer the United States to other countries
equally fertile, beautiful and easy of access, be
cause the soil is cheap, labor is better remuner
ated, and the government does not interfere
with them. A colonist must be his own master
in order to fully develop his physical and men
tal resources, and to help in building up a free
commonwealth. The Teutonic races represent
the successful principle of self-government, and
the Latin nations tho unsuccessful one of State
dependence and protection. It was from no
whim that the emigrant avoided the Southern
States while they were cursed with slavery; it
was because they had no civil liberty. Their
natural advantages are in many instances much
superior to those of the Northern States, and
henceforth a tide of emigration will flow into
the T amount^ mou^taS'witKBfm,' and
the average of 142,342 new comers was found'to
be §68 08. But tins was abandoned, as it was
found that the fnll amounts were not truly sta
ted. It was shown, however, that on the aver
age they possessed a larger snm than is held by
the localized residents of any known commu
nity. It is estimated that the German emi
grants alono brought into this country annually
an average of about $11,000,000. Each one has
clothing, tools, and valuables, also, the value
of which with his cash capital amounts to $150,
(a low estimate,) so, as 250,000 emigrants
arrived in New York in 1859, the national wealth
was augmented that year by $37,500,000. An
emigrant is worth just as much to this country
ns it costs to produce a native bom laborer of
the same average ability; hut tho net product
of his labor, by which the country of his adop
tion grows and flourishes, varies according to
his intellectual capacity, hereditary disposition
and national qualities. It is calculated that an
American farmer or skilled laborer costs $1,500
for the first fifteen years of his life, or until he
becomes self-supporting; and a female S750.
One-fifth of the emigrants are less than fifteen,
years old, but. then there are more men arriving
than women, and very many are of the higher
order of skilled labor, tho education of whom
costs here five times $1,500. Taking them, how
ever, to bo half male and half female, each one
will bo worth $1,125 to this country, which it
gains free of expense. The number of emi
grants who, from May 5, 1847. to Jan. 1, 1859,
arrived at tho port of New York, was 4,038,-
991, which number represents a capital val
ue of $1,125, and a cash value of $150, be
ing $1,275 in all per head, or a total increase
to the national wealth of $5,149,713,525. As
suming the immigration into the whole
Union to be300,000 souls per year, the conn-
try gains $482,500,00 per year, or more than
$1,000,000 per day. Without emigration the
yearly inorease of the population by excess of
births and deaths is about 1.38, while the actual
increase from 1840 to 1850 was 35.87, and from
1850 to 1860, 35.59 per cent.; and we must un
derstand that a large proportion of the births
ara of the children of former emigrants. Had
emigration been stopped in 1825, there would
have been very little numerical change ih the
papulation in 1865. Immigration, therefore,
has pushed the country forward forty years in
national progress, and the increase in all tho de
partments of national progress has been in ex
act ratio to the increase of population. Immi
gration is a matter of State concern alone. It is
argued that Congress should take it in charge,
and that the commutation money of $2 50 per
head, collected at the principal ports of entry,
shonld be distributed pro rata among the seve
ral States. New York, where five-sevenths of
the emigrants are landed, is especially attacked;
yet this State is the only one which has organ
ized a proper system for the protection of immi
gration. It took a long time to perfect it, how
ever. Formerly emigrants were treated like
brntes and shamefully robbed, bnt at last the
community saw that it suffered as much as the
emigrants by this, and the Board of Commis
sioners of Emigration was appointed on the
5th of May,1847. The Commissioners, whoserve
gratuitously, are the guardians of a fund created
by jhe commutation money of $2 50 per head,
which the emigrant has a right to fall back
upon. Last year the receipts amounted to a
little more than $670,000, and the Commission
ers now hold in trust on Ward’s Island a proper
ty valued at $2,000,000, and are perfectly able
to provide for emigrants in all eases of necessi
ty. The expenses last year were: For Salaries,
rent, repair, etc., of Castle Garden, $J20,000;
to hospitals for care of emigrants, $100,000 and
for 11,513 inmates of hospitals and refugees on
Ward’s Island, $230,000. It is true that only
ten to fifteen per cent of the whole 'number of
emigrants apply for support, but the free land
ing of their baggage.the protection against fraud
or imposition, facility of procuring passage tick
ets and correct weighing of baggage are worth
more than $2.50. Besides, the emigrant in oase
of sickness when he remains five years after his
arrival has the rightof admission to the hospitals
on Ward’s Island, and he is taken care of when
destitute. Congress has only the right to protect
the emigrant on the high seas; after he lands,
his case is purely a police regulation,. in whioh
the State alone Is interested. If Congre ss
shonld take hold of him, his case would soon
become the subjeot of political chicanery, and
the result may be imagined. About fifty
percent, of all new comers ^o to the country,
and of these again about seventy-five per cent,
go to the WeBt, so that in proportion to its size
and popnlation, New York- derives less benofit
from immigration than the Western States. The
healthy, industrious and wealthy emigrant gen
erally goes West dr South, and the worthless
one remains behind. The Board of’ Emigra
tion prevents disease from spreading all over
the country. It is specially important that the
emigrant shonld not be imposed upon, as he
then loses his elasticity of mind and trust in
his new relations, and becomes more of a bur
den than a source of profit. The emigrant is
still shamefully abused in his transit to this
country, and Congress shonld endeavor to effect
some international treatise for hia protection.
It has a fine opportunity now in the offer of
the North German Confederation. Let it be
done as soon as possible.
Agricultural Fairs.
The Baltimore San, referring to the recent
State Fair of Maryland, speaks es. follows :
Among the legitimate means for, the promo
tion and advancement of agricalture, tho corn
er-stone of all the other useful arts of life, there
are none more popular, and whioh seem better
adapted to enlist public favor in its behalf, than
snch agricultural exhibitions as that of the Mary-..
land State Fair which was held near this city
this week, and which closed yesterday. A uni
ted effort at fostering-this great interest, which
brings together people from all sections and lo
calities of the State, is not only useful in dis
playing to general observation the results of im
proved agricultural production and mechanical
invention, and of giving opportunity for an in
vestigation and disoussirm of questions of in
dustrial interest, but promotes social intercourse
and a sense of common fellowship between citi
zens of all localities and all vocations, affording '
thereby at least one neutral ground upon which,
in these days of Rectioaal and political animosi
ties, the asperities of local and partisan, rivalries
can be counteracted, and, for the time.at least,
merged in a common cause, and one of more vi
tal and practical moment than any of party or
section. Following upon a period ef political
convulsion, in which men have exhausted their
energies in works of destruction,exhibitions like
that referred to are of beneficent influence in.
leading men to open their eyes to the great duty
of the hoar, the restoration of the material com
fort and prosperity of .the State and country.
Agricultural fairs in the neighborhood of.
great cities have also the advantage of interest
ing and enlightening upon the subject of agri
culture large and influential populations which, v -
from the nature of .their vocations do not per
haps appreciate as it deserves the indispensa
ble value of agriculture to the general welfare,
''especially those in which they are themselves
engaged, and the consequent importance of en
couraging and fostering it by their friendly
countenance and energetic co-operation. The
operations and trinmphs of commerce, are- con
stantly before the inhabitants of, cities, apd the
arrivals and departures of large ships are exult-
ingly observed and heralded in the public jour
nals, while the production of the fruits of the
soil, withwhich they are laden, and bntforwhicli
our harbors would be solitary, wastes, receive
bnt a small share of their consideration. In
like manner the manufactories speak for them
selves by the occupation they give to resident
artisans and the fabrics which they daily sup. *
ply for the wants and necessities of the com
munity, bnt the cultivation of the great staples
which'keep them in motion is too remote from
tho sphere of their observation to awaken its
due proportion of public interest-. The changes
of weather, watched by farmers with so much
solicitude, are only felt by citizens as they af
fect their personal comfort. A long drought
only incommodes them by .its dust, or a heavy
rain by the unpleasantness of wet streets. Axtr
nnal agricultural fairs, held at their doors, en-
and to see how’l'no'shccess of"afiVniiferiniff “isH-
ployments is involved in agriculture,, and how
residents of cities are concerned as much as
any one in improving its processes and making
it as efficient as possible. When city and conn-
try are thus brought together, both are made to
feel their mutual dependence. Whilst cities are
brought face to face with those great facts of
natnre in which they are so vitally concerned,
the active co-operation with the agricultural in
terests of the great centres of oapital and busi
ness activity, which can best be promoted by
this contact, is of the highest importance to tha
successful cultivation of the soil. Thus it is
that au agricultural festival, like that held this
week in our neighborhood, has had the effect of
producing something more than a gay and in
spiriting exhibition, and must result in frnita
which will be of value when its merely festiva
and ornamental accompaniments are forgotten.
Internal Revenue Collections.
Under the operations of the new law, which
provided a more rigid and efficient means for
the collection of the internal revenue of the
government, it has been ascertained, from a
statement just made up that the receipts from
this source have recently been largaly increased.
These results are what may have been natural
ly expected - as well from the more perfect ma
chinery of the now law as the increased experi
ence gained by the officers enforcing its pro
visions. The receipts from internal revenue
for the two quarters of the years T 868 and* 1869,
comprised between the 31st of March aad the
30th of September in each year, were -
1869 - -.$106,477,424 82
1868 85,052,227 20
Increase in 18C9.-.,_...............$21,^420,197 62
During the months of July, August and Sep
tember of 1868 the receipts from internal reve
nue in the third collection district of Maryland
(comprising the 13 upper wards of Baltimore
city from the eighth to the twentieth, both in
clusive) amounted to $706,200, and during the
same months of the present year they aggrega
ted $988,300, showing an increase ih the three
months of $2S2,100. In the item, of spirits there
is a gain in the collection in the three months
of 1869 of $29,200, and on tobacco of $216,400.
In the third Virginia district (Richmond), for
the months of July, August and September,
1868, the receipts were $172,800; I860, for
same months, $024,200; gain $457,400 ; of these
amounts there was an apparent loss on spirits of
$57,600, and a gain on tobacco of $497',900. In
the fourth Virginia District (Manchester), for
the same months as above of 1868, the. receipts
were $14,500; I860, same months, $21,600;
gain $7,100; of these amounts the gain on spi
rits was $8,400 ; on tobacco there was an appa
rent loss of $2,300. In the fifth Virginia dis
trict (Lynchburg), for the three nusnths above
mentioned of 1863, the receipts were $36,000;
1869, same months, $439,600; gain $403,6001
on spirits $4,900; on tobacco $894,400. In the
sixth Virginia district (Staunton), for the three
months of 1868, the receipts were $30,200;
1869, same months, $43,300; gain $13,100; on
spirits the gain was $11,800on tobacco $3,900.
In the seventh Virginia district (Alexandria),
for the three months of 1368, the receipts were
$S0,700; for 1869, same months, $34,100; total
gain $3,400;'on spirits $i,600, and on tobacco
$800.
The returns for September, 1869, not having
—a '- 1DX «—*—j-_._-.i_ .v_
been received from the following districts, the
comparison is made on the collections for July
and August only in the two yearg.? Second Virgi
nia district, (Norfolk,) for the months of July and
August, 1868, the receipts were $35,200; 1869,
same months, $80,700—gain $12,100. There
was an apparent loos on spirits of $1,600, and 1
gain on tobaoeo of $185,300. Virst West Vir
ginia district, (Wheeling,)for 1868, the receipt*,
were $48,300; 1869, same months, $60,700—
gain $12,400; with an apparent loss on spirits
of $6,S0Q, and a gain on tobacco of $14,400.—
Baltimore Bun.
Ws are informed that most of the dele
gates to the Maeon State Fair, appointed by the
Riohmond County Agricultural Society, will ao-
oept the appointment and be present Instead'
of stopping at hotels crowded to suffocation,-
the delegat'
out
legation will «$opt army style end®gift
!£V>
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