Newspaper Page Text
The Cxeorgia, '^V r eekly Telegraph.
the telegraph.
MACON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER'S, I860.
State Pair- Tents—Important Notice.
0mat State Aqbicultural Society, >
Macon, Ga., October 28,18G9. >
The Secretary of the State Agricultural Socie
ty is pleased to announce that the application
made through CoL Morrill, to the Secretary of
War, with the approving endorsement of Gen.
Terry, in command of the Department of Geor
gia, Alabama and Florida, for United States ar
my tents for the nse of the County Agricultural
Societies, has been granted. The Societies will
be permitted theu6e of them by the payment of
the expenses of transportation—probably not
$2 per tent
It is believed there will be enough of these
tents to accommodate the students of the Uni
versities and Colleges of the State, who come as
such in bodies, and report to the Secretary.
David W. Lewis, Secretary.
Conobessional Thieves. —A contributor to the
Atlantic Monthly shows that a session of Con
gress costs $4,000,000. Among other items the
country has to pay its legislators for scissors,
snuff, hair-brushes, and extra-morocco desks.
A dead Congressman cost for transportion a
short distance no less than $2,144 G5. Tho
Sergeant-at-Arms frequently makes $500 a day
onthecallofthe House. A Congressmancanseud
under frank, anything from a pair of boots to a
paper collar. Tho most startling item of all,
found in the record of contingent expenses, is
this: 12 cotton stay-laces, $G.”
Signs and Wondees in the Heavens.—The
fact that dazzling meteors, like locomotive
head-lights, are rushing to and fro over Penn
sylvania and Ohio, bursting, fizzing and zipping
with a beautiful crash and roar, and leaving an
awful fiery trail and sulphurous stench behind
them, should make the Radicals pause in their
mad career. They may laugh at these awful
portents if they please, but the heavens are
agin ’em, beyond a doubt.
IH j
Mississippi and Tennessee Railroads.—A
movement is on foot to consolidate the Missis
sippi and Tennessee Railroad with the Missis
sippi Central Railroad, and it is said it is de
signed to unite the Mississippi road, now built,
with the Tennessee and Mississippi m Central
roads and place the line nnder the control of
CoL Samnel Tate, President of the Southern
Railroad Association.
The Colapaechze Agbicultubal Club.—We
copy from the Monroe Advertiser some interest
ing transactions of tho Colaparchee Agricultural
Club, which do great credit to the planters of
that neighborhood. These records are of a
highly practical and valuable character and
show what great good agricultural clubs could
accomplish if only carried on with proper ener
gy and spirit.
The New York public schools showed the last
of September an attendance of 87,234 pupils.
Number registered 101,047, This is for the
month. The expenses from September 3d to
October 7th, were $283,892. For the year end
ing October, the expenses wero $2,185,730.
Tho total number taught was 218,730 pupils.
The estimate for 1870 was $3,512,214.
The New York Sunday Times says that Mrs.
Stowe “has completed her rejoinder to the
critics of tho press of this country and Europe,
on her Byron article, and will proceed, in a few
days, to her home in Florida. She has con
cluded arrangements for embarking upon an
enlarged literary enterprise.”
Tennessee.—The House Judiciary Committee
of the Tennessee Legislature have reported a
.... . v ~ — yrzapiei, to pro
vide for suffrage on the part of tho whites of
that State. Is it possible they will remember
how to vote, or must they inquire of tho ne
groes?
A oabefei. canvass of the opinions of the
Cabinot regarding the Cuban question develops
thefnetthat Secretary Fish and Attorney-General
Hoar are the only members who are opposed to
a speedy recognition of the new republic.
A machinist belonging to the arsenal at Na
ples has invented an instrument, which ho calls
an Amismograph, which indicates with precision
the velocity at which a vessel is traveling, tho
changes in the direction, and the deviation in
the compass.
Fbom Gbuttn.—A splendid Episcopal charch
is to be bnilt in Griffin—cathedral-shaped, in
the form of a cross, and of solid granite.
The smoke-house of CoL A. D. Nunally was
burned, with its entire contents, last Friday.
If he lost much bacon, he has our sympathies.
Febsons wishing to invest capital in lands
will do well to examine the advertisement of
John Wm. Boyd, Receiver. Ho will sell in
Greenville, valuable lands, mills and water pow
er, on the first Tuesday in December next.
Reduced.—The Augusta Factory and Granite-
ville Manufacturing Company’s goods have been
reduced in price; now selling J shirting, lie.;
$ shirting, 13c.; 4-4 shirting 15c., and drills 15J.
Cotton Seed Meat..—An experienced Dairy
man near Mobile, says that cotton seed meal in
creased the milk from his cows five gallons in
one week. He considers it a most excellent feed
for milch cows.
Anotheb Gin-house Bubned.—The Opelika
Locomotive says: “The gin-house, together
with about forty-five bales of cotton, belonging
to Mr. A. A. Burton, of Macon county, was con
sumed by fire on Thursday last. The fire was
accidentaL
"Whebe the Countebfett Money Goes.—An
exchange says: “Tho question what becomes
of all tho counterfeit currency is solved. It
finds its way to "Wisconsin and is paid out to the
Indians for cranberries.”
The Eatonton Press and Messenger advocates
the building of a railroad from Eatonton to Madi
son. Then, it says, passengers from Macon
may make a direct trip to Cincinnati on almost
an air-line, when the Cincinnati and Knoxville
i or Chattanooga Road is built.
Some people in Maine say that just before
they felt the shock of the earthquake on Friday
morning, they noticed a livid glare suddenly ap
pear in the sky, although the heavens at the
time were quite dark, and it was raining.
It is rumored that ex-President Davis is to
become President of a Life Insurance Company
in Memphis, and. to reside at Hernando, Missis
sippi. Hon. Felix Labonve, of Hernando, has
subscribed $1,000 for a fond to aid him.
Rich Country. — An - enthusiastic Terian
writes North that beef there is.two cents apound,
and butter and milk cost nothing.
Two persons are at law about tho costody of
the key of a Sunday School library,, in Indiana.
The costs have already reached the valueof three
hundred and thirty-three keys.
The New York Express wants the laws against
indecent publications enforced against Mrs.
Stowe's proposed renewal of the Byron con
troversy. Jci
The total profits of the Peace Jubilee at Bos
ton are stated at $0882, and the. Execntive Com
mittee have decided to give that to Mr. Gilmore,
in addition to the $32,000 from the benefit oon-
Getsip upon t he Kitnatiou in Georgia.
Continuing our desultory thoughts of yester
day, we may remark thatyyith the grand revival
of Georgia agriculture an. increased request
and value of lands is apparent everywhere. It
is the vast ara% of unoccupied Southern lands
alone which prevents them from bearing a
higher price to-day than the Western lands. A
Western acre in a neighborhood affording con
venient, speedy and cheap access to market and
the ordinary means of social improvement and
enjoyment, is worth say a hundred dollars, and
will bring annually in com or wheat a value of
about thirty to thirty-five dollars, tilled by labor
which costs the proprietor at least $1 50 per
day.
A Southern acre, similarly situated, is worth
ten dollars, and as carefully tilled and manured
as its Western competitor, would bring $250 per
annum, with labor which costs the planter
seventy-five cents per day. There has rarely
been found in the world such property as South
ern lands now are—when well selected and ju
diciously handled. There is not, in the wide
world, such a business as cotton-growing at this
time. An active business, yielding a net reve
nue on capital invested of thirty-three and a
third per cent., is not often to be fonnd on the
lists of trade or manfactnres. But what per
centum will you assign to capital invested in
cotton growing—wielded with energy and judg
ment, and attended with ordinarily favorable
fortune ? Suppose a man cultivates 200 acres
of laud in cotton, worth, at ten dollars an acre,
$2,000—employs laborers on it at a cost of
$2,000 more—and stock, tools, ntensils, stock
supplies, worth $3,000 more—and fertilizers
worth $3,000 more—all looking to liberal plant
ing and high culture—and produces 200 bales of
cotton, worth $25,000, what per centum has he
made on his investment?
In the nature of things, it is impossible that
tho results of Southern planting shall not be far
more actively felt than now npon the valuo of
land, notwithstanding the immense area of it
still unoccupied and open to such investments
as these. Hence we see that a Southern laud
fever is developing among our people with much
rapidity, and wo feol certain that it is destined
to spread to other sections of the Union.
One of the most notable aspects of the situa
tion in Georgia, just now, is the headlong pro
gress of internal improvements in the shape of
railroads. There are now about seven hun
dred and fifty miles of new railway in actnal
course of construction in Georgia, all of which
will be completed within from ayear to eighteen
months, in all human probability.
These improvements are going on principally
under Northern auspices, and exhibit a remark
able degree of confidence in the financial and
industrial future of this State. They involve an
investment of not less than ten millions of dol
lars, at least seven millions of which will bo dis
bursed in Georgia. Among all these roads there
is not one winch has not an independent func
tion, which should mako it paying stock, and
every one of them is needed for the convenience
and trade of tho country. "When these lines in
actual course of construction are completed
Georgia will rank as the third or fourth State of
the Union in the number of her miles of railway,
and have made, as it were amid the desolations
of war and the straits of almost universal insol
vency, a rate of progress in internal improve
ment almost withont example even in this fast
age.
These railways are destined to give an extra
ordinary impetus to tho trade, population and
activity of the State, and while they may, to
some extent, confose old established channels
of trade and intercourse, they will open many
new avenues to industry and enterprise, and
wake up the people to new life and energy.
This is what we need. "We must get out of tho
old ruts and adapt ourselves to the exigencies,
the demands and the opportunities of our new
~- TTT - J A «nu/iili7 fn
old ideas, which are. for all practical purposes,
exploded. Let us open our eyes and seo tho
great changes going on in spite of ourselves,
and adapt our ideas, habits and enterprises to
the new order.
manures Needed on the Mississippi
Bottoms.
The New Orleans Picayune, speaking of the
partial failure of the cone and cotton crops on
the Mississippi bottoms which has been attribu
ted to drought, worms, etc., etc., says;
Such are the reasons given. But wo fear that
these are not all; and that either deficient cul
tivation or the deterioration of tho soil has much
to do with it. If these feara are well grounded,
we shall have the same story to repeat year by
year, until planting will be as unprofitable in
the South as farming has proven in other
“worn” and ill-tilled States.
True, we have the “inexhaustible” alluvion
of the Mississippi bottoms; but experience has
shown that even these need the restorative and
re-invigorating influences of manure to make
gardening perpetually productive, and they,
even more than the uplands, require the use of
the most careful mechanical working-up to make
plants healthful and productive; their very te
nacity and strength, their self-preservative,
levelness and depth, and their moisture, make
it necessary that all the appliances of cultiva
tion should be fully used to bring their produc
tive strength into operation, and to retain what
ever need not be expended, so that there may
be an interminable continuance of the same.
Planters, therefore, even in tho bottoms,
should not look upon the deterioration of their
crops as altogether owing to special annoyances
of tiie season, bnt to defective culture as well.
Part of this is owing to the nature of the labor
they employ. The negro, was clumsy and neg
ligent in a state of slavery, is now apt to add to
this indifference, if notan invincible unwilling
ness to be careful and conservative of the wants
of the plantation. Ho works for the present
crop alone and not for the future, and he is natu
rally and by long misedneation unable to appre
ciate the use of better tools and better modes of
cultivation.
If the planter could supply himself with more
intelligent labor he could remedy these defects;
bnt as tho supply of white labor can only be
hoped for in small installments and by specially
favored persons, the best the general planter
can do is to give his personal attention to the
matter, and by selecting tho mostintelligentand
willing among the negroes to nse the improved
implements and modes of cnlture, to do bis ut
most to restore to his lands their wonted pro
ductiveness and rightful yield of cotton su
gar, etc. . ' " ;
Now, the Mississippi bottoms, which present
an unknown depth of nearly pure vegetable
mould, might well be said, of all lauds on the
continent, to be the least in need of fertiliza
tion. But in truth it is precisely such lands
which best display the wonderful effects of
stimulating manures. Let a man give his rich
swamp alluviums a heavy dressing of super
phosphate or Peruvian Guano, and he will see
wonders of productiveness. The soil being full
of all the organic elements of vegetation, tho
guano brings its productive powers into full
activity, and the comparative results are even
mole satisfactory than npon sandy uplands
which are deficient in organic matter. The ex
perience of all enlightened fanners is, that
there itfno arable soil upon which a judicious
application of fertilizing agents is not a profit
able investment.
Who is It?—The Sumter Americas Republi
can says :
On Drr.—That a prominent- gentleman of Ma
con is soon to lead to the altar one of our most
highly admired belles. The names are to be
kept secret for a few days yet, but we promise
our readers a genuine surprise.
Of the German watering places, Baden-Baden
has had the largest number of visitors this year,
49,276 ; Wiesbaden stood next with 38,14G, and
Teplitz, with 20,179.
A newly-mabbied couple reached Detroit
Thursday, on their bridal tour, of whom the
bridegroom was not over sixteen while the
bride WM fully fairly.
The Yerger Case.
Opinion' of Ciller Justice chase.
The Richmond Dispatch of the 2Gth has the
following, extended telegraphic synopsis of the
decision of the Supreme Court in the Yerger
habeas corpus case:
Washington, October 25.—In the Supreme
Court to-day-Chief Justice Chase delivered an
able and unanswerable opinion in the case of
Edward M. Yerger. The flimsy sophistries of
the Attorney-General in defence of military
trials of civilians were completely overturned,
and the Constitution recognized as the supreme
law of the land. The following leading points
in the luminous opinion of the Chief Justice
will be read with interest:
The petitioner, f Edward M. Yerger, applied to
the Circuit Court of the United States for the
Southern District of Mississippi for a writ of
habeas corpus in order to be removed from tho
custody of certain military officers who, under
the name of a military commission, were trying
the petitioner for the crime of murder, he be
ing a private citizen of the State of Mississippi,
and never having been connected with “tho ar
my or navy of the United-States, or with the
militia in active service, in time of war or in
vasion.
After hearing the case the Circuit Court ad
judged that the imprisonment of the petitioner
was lawful, and ordered that the writ of habeas
corpus he dismissed, and the petitioner to be
remanded to tho custody of tho military.
To obtain the reversal of this order and relief
from continued imprisonment, the petitioner
applied to this court for a writ of habeas corpus.
The argument before thin court was upon the
question of jurisdicton. [After an Interesting
sketch of the origin and history of the writ of
habeas corpus, tho Chief Justice proceeded to
state the grounds upon which they held tho ju
risdiction of the court, j
The great writ of habeas corpus found perma
nent sanction in the Constitution in these words:
“Tho privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall
not bo suspended except when, in cases of rebel
lion or invasion, the public safety may require
it.”
The terms of this provision necessarily imply
judicial action. Wo find, therefore, that the first
Congress under the new Constitution enacted
that all “the courts of the United States shall
have power to issue writs of scire facias, habeas
corpus,” eto. In the same section it was further
provided “that either of tho Justices of tho Su
preme Court shall have power to grant writs of
habeas corpus for the purpose of inquiry into
the cause of commitment,” etc.
The Supreme Court, therefore, under the act
of 1789, and subsequent acts, giving jurisdiction
in cases of habeas corpus, may, in the exercise
of its appellate power, revise the decisions of an
inferior court, and relieve from unlawful im
prisonment, except within some limitations
made by Congress.
It remains to inquire whether the present
case is a proper one for such interpretation.—
In othar words, can this court inquire into the
lawfulness of detention, and relieve from it if
found unlawful, when the detention complained
"of is not by civil authority under a commitment
mado by the Inferior Court, but by military
officers, for trial before a military tribunal,
after examination into the cause of detention
by tho Inferior Court, resulting in an order re
manding the prisoner to custody ?
The action which we are asked to revise was that
of a tribunal whoso decisions are subject to re
vision by this court.
"We have carefully considered the argument
against it, and are satisfied that the affirmative
doctrine heretofore maintained is sound.
The great and leading intent of tho Constitu
tion and the law must be kept strictly in view.
That intent in respect to the writ of habeas cor
pus is manifest. It is that every citizen may be
protected by judicial action from unlawful im
prisonment. This court, in the exercise of its
appellate jurisdiction, may, by the writ of ha
beas corpus, aided by the writ of certiorari, re
vise the decision of the Circuit Court, and if it
is found unwarranted by law, relieve the pris
oner from the unlawful restraint to which he has
been remanded.
It has been suggested that the act of 1789, so
far as it provides for the issuing of writs of ha
beas corpus by this court, was repealed by the
act of 1867. If it repealed the act of 1879, it
does so by implication; and any implication
which would give to it this effect upon the act
of 1789, would give it the same effect upon the
acts of 1833 and 1842. If ono was repealed, all
were repealed.
Our conclusion is that none of the acts prior
to 18G7 authorizing this court to exercise appel
late jurisdiction by means of the writ of habeas
corpus wero repea61iehw,‘-he act of 1807. We can
oome to no other' . ^toout holding
tZiat, mo ituwo appellate jurisaiotinn —r
court in cases of liabeos corpus, recognized by
law and exercised from the foundation of the
government hitherto, has been taken away with
out the expression of such intent, and by mere
implication, through the operation of the acts of
of 18G7 and 18G8.
The question now decided would come before
us regularly upon a motion to dismiss tho peti
tion for want of jurisdiction. That motion was
not made; but, upon the suggestion of tho At
torney General, the conrt directed the point of
jurisdiction to bo argued as a preliminary ques
tion. Being satisfied on this point, tho proper
order will be that the cause be set for hearing
upon the petition and affidavits, and this order
will be entered.
Koopniaiischnp and Ills Chinese.
The letter which we published on Friday from
from our New Orleans correspondent show thats
the problem of the introduction of Chinese la
bor into the South and the Southwest has at
length been practically solved. The agents of
Koopmansehap have already closed contracts
for some four or five shiploads of Chinese im
migrants, to delivered at Key West by the Pa
cific Mail Steamship Company. One of those
agents is now on his way to Hong Kong in order
to complete the necessary arrangements for
thorougly testing Chinese labor in Louisiana in
tho coming spring. Ho is accompanied by Tye
Kim Arr, a native of Hong Kong, educated in
England, who has been for some years a resi
dent along the banks of the Mississippi, and is
thorongbly familiar with tho soil, the crops and
the capabilities of Louisiana. Tyo Cim Arr
will engage tho services of the best laborers of
the class familiar with tho kind of cultivation
that is most profitable in Louisiana—namely,
rice and sugar. The terms of the contracts,
which are drawn np for five years, seem to bo
just and liberal, both as to rations and pay.
Should this test experiment succeed—and wo
hardly see how it can fall—it will bo difficult to
estimate the effect which it will havo on the
future of Louisiana and on Chinese immigra
tion to the Southern and Southwestern States.
Most of tho early shipments will find immediate
employment on tho rice and sugar lands in the
vicinity of Bayou Lafourche. Doubtless furth
er shipments will soon be demanded, in order
to reclaim the vast tracts of swampy land avail
able for rico cnlture in that State amounting to
not less than three hundred thousand acres.—
The climate and soil of Louisiana produce a
description of rice worth at least five per cent a
pound more than any East Indian importation.
“The only thing lacking,” says our correspon
dent, “is labor. That the coolie immigration
will supply.” He adds, moreover, that “the
negroes are already becoming alarmed” at the
prospectof competition with their Asiatio rivals.
And he appends a curiously suggestive cnli
which has been issued for a colored convention
“to consider the best means of promoting tho
agricultural interests of the colored race and to
prevent the introduction of coolie laborers into
Louisiana.” But this coll is too late to effect
the latter purpose, however effectually it may
lead to the former. The introduction of Chi
nese labor, signally useful as it has already
proved to be in California, notwithstanding all
obstacles, and particularly in hastening tho
completion of the Pacific Railroad—one of the
most gigantic and influential of modem enter
prises—must even now be regarded as un fait
accompli. Its consequences will bo incaloulably
important. Among the earliest of these conse
quences will be the vital warning to tho South
ern colored population, which hRS beon consid
erably diminished since its emancipation, and
has become fearfully demoralized by the trioks
and honied deceits of Radical carpet-baggers.
Sambo can no longer hope that forty acres and
a mule, with a seat in Congress, will be the sure
rewards of idleness and roguery. "When he
shall be brought, as he soon will be, into close
competition with tho frugal and industrious
John Chinaman, he must mako np’his mind to
work or starve.—-V. Y. Herald, 25th
How To Do It.—A short time ago a " whale
The Colaparchee Agricultural Club.
From the Monroe Advertiser.
Colapabohee, October 13th, 18G9.
The Colaparchee Agricultural Club met at
the usual hour this morning, and was called to
order by the President, Dr. Searcy. The Sec
retary, Dr. Shi, being absent, W. E. H. Searcy
was elected Secretary pro. tern.
After the usual preliminaries the Society was
reported ready, for business. The question,
“Is there as many bolls per stalk of the five
lock cotton as of the four lock kind ?” was the
first to engage the attention of the Club, and
was decided, after reports of actnal experiments
from Messrs. E. Taylor and D. B. Searcy, in
the affirmative.
This action, in conjunction with that of a
previous meeting settles the point that tho five
lock bolls produce more cotton per boll and per
stalk than the other kind.
THE OIANT WONDER.
Further and Interesting Details.
The Northern papers are all agog concerning
the colossal statue recently discovered in Onon
daga county, New York. Dr. Boynton has
written a letter on the subject, in which he
says:
On a careful examination, lam convinced that
it is not a fossil, but was out out from a piece of
‘stratified sulphate of .lime known as the- Onon
daga gypsum. ■ If it were pulverized or ground,
a farmer would call it plaster. It was quarried
probably somewhere in this county from our
gypsum beds. The layers are of different col
ors—dark and light. The statue was evidently
designed to.lie on its_back, or partially so,, and
represents a" dead person in a position he would
naturally assume, when dying. The body lies
nearly upon, the back, the right side a little
«. “WtoM, W, .ho he.aie.ni.eUilll. lotto ri 8 h,.
mTsnbS of toe petals discussed is as the right foot a little lower, showing plainly that
follows; F the statuo was never designed to stand erect
1. There are two kinds of wheat-the white down J? th |
and the red. Many other kinds, called by fancy * ef - t side of the body, the fore arm ana hand
names, are in our midst, but all these may be v 6U3 .£ ^ tbe bod J- The right
classed under the above division. Either of hand rests ashort distance below the umbilicus,
these wheats is good enough for our purpose— tbe bttl ° fin 8 er spreading from the others,
furnishing us with bread whereof to eat. reaching nearly to the pubes. The whole statue
2. In selecting wheatfor seed, cull the largest evidently represents the position that a body
of the earlier ripening heads, as like produces nablrab y* ba departure iff life,
like, and the earlier the on*, the better and Tber ® 18 perfect harmony m the different
heavier the grain. proportions of the different parts of the statue.
3. "Wheat should be sown in a soil which has featares are strictly Caucassiau having not
clay for its basis-a “loamy soiL” There the high cheekbones of the Indian type neithcr
should not be too much clay/however, as this the outlines ofthen«» race,nndbeingontirely
species of soil is known to absorb and retain f» bke any etatuary yet discovered of Aztec or
water, which, when subjected to the “ cold and Indlan <®S“i The chin is magnificent and gen-
chilly winds of December,” might not havea er °? s ; * ha eyebrow, or superciliary ridge, is
very salutary Cffeohupon the grain. well arched: the mouth is pleasant; - the brow
4. The land shjtaiabe subsoilod and well pul- and forehead noble, and tho Adam’s Apple”
vorised. It mattbk not whose plough is used, has a full development.
so it does the work desired. The statue, being .coUossal and masave,
5. The manure should be strewn broadcast, strikes the beholder with a feehng of'awe. Some
and, in addition, in the drill, if the wheat is to P or £ ons °* tbo f ^ a8W ° uld ram “ d one °/ * be
be so sown features of De Witt Clinton and others of the
G. The best time "to sow wheat is from the Napoleonic type. My opinion is, that this piece
20th of September to the 10th of October. If of statuary, was made to represent some person
sown at this time it escapes those casualties £ Caucassian origin 1 ^
which so often destroy it-rust, blast, etc. to P er P etl ’ ato * be memory of a great mind and
7. The quantity of wheat sown per acre do- noble deeds, It would serve to impress inferior
pends upon the time of sowing. If sown at the or raoes ™ th tbe *« at and n . oble ’ and f ,°. r
time named above, three pecks will be sufficient; tbls P ur P°?° was sculptured of colossal di-
if lator in the season, more will be required. ^ _ • . , ,. a - , , ,
8. Sow wheat when tiioground is not too dry, The btack of gypsum is stratified, and a dark
for when too dry tho grain%ffl grow musty, lose ftratiim passes just below tho outer portion of
that milky substance which supports the germ, t ho e ? ebr ° w > a PP aar f WftS It
and the young shoot will wither and die. bre ft> bavln S been chiseled out between the
9. men the wheat is sown, plough it in with eyebrow and the chest, and makes its appear-
the manure, full three or four inchis. - anc f. a S al ? “ a portion of the left hip. borne
Upon this report several remarks wero mado portions of the strata are dissolved more than
by tho gentleman present The principal point others by tho action of the water, leaving*
raised, however, was against ploughing in the bolde/ outcropping along the descent of the
wheat three and four inches. 8 . breast towards the neck. The same may,, less
It was thought that since the roots formed on distmctly, b® seen on too side of the face and
the top of the ground, if the grain was buried bead - / of rechmng
as deep as directed, it could never form any, “gfg 18n0 ‘ . tbree h “ d f d ****? ° ld ’ but J“
and most therefore perish. tbe * ori£ ° f tbe , earl y f Jeamt ^ alhers
Mr. Norris again took the floor, and explained ffuntey, who are known to have frequented the
in detail the whole method of wheat growing. 9 D0 . nda 6 a J alle y from tw0 bandred to two htm '
BY TBLEGKAPH.
Said ho:
The seed forms first little roots which support
tho sprout until it gets through too ground.
Other roots are then formed on toe top of too
ground, and as soon n"s the plant can subsist
dred and fifty years ago.
Why General Magrndcr Entered the
: Confederate Army, i f.;
_ At the annual dinner of a military company,
without the aid of too underground roots, it in Boston, on the 19th instant, General Magru-
throw8 them off. There is no tap root to wheat, der made an interesting address, in toe course of
Honce, continued Mr. Norris, if your wheat is which he said:
planted deep it will bo better able to withstand “ I am now going’to give an account which
toe “spewing” and purifying process of nature can be made public if it may be considered de-
brought to bear upon the soil in the winter. sirable, and which is the first time I have ever
The report was adopted without amendment, alluded to it—of the circumstances under which
At this juncture, Mr. A. T. Holt was permitted I left the flag. During the dark days in Wash-
to give an account of an experiment he had ington Mr. Lincoln sent for me, I then being
made with wheat. He took a piece of laud that, either first or second in command in the de-
without manure, would not have made any fences of "Washington. Mr. Lincoln said to me,
wheat at all, Broke it np well with a two-horse ‘ The government of your State (Virginia)re-
plough,and,aftersubsoilingitwithabull-tongue, fuses to send her quota of the 75,000 men
put on two- sacks of Chesapeake guano. Tho called for.’ Imagining that he would like to
wheat was sown in drills two feet apart, with too know, in case the State went out, what I would
hand, and covered with a rako. Mr. Holt gato- do, I said to him: ‘Of one thing, rest assured
ered seven bushels of wheat from his patch, as Mr. Lincoln, so long as I am in command you
the result of labor, and claims that he lost and your family may rest in perfect safety in
several bushels more in the field. He gave it the White House, and if I send in my resigna-
as his opinion that it is better to drill wheat than tion yon shall be apprised of it at the same time
to sow it broadcast, and that too drills should be that it goes to toe adjutant general, and I prom-
only thirteen inches apart. ise to remain in the city twelve hoursafterward,’
The Committee on “Fruit, fruit culture,” adding laughingly, _|I wish to be well off with
stance of tho points discussed in this report is as teen hours after my resignation, and then made
follows: my way to Long Bridge. When I reached toe
1. The geographical character of tho soil draw it was three minntespast 9 o’clock at night,
suited to the culture of fruit trees has engaged and the draw-bridge had been raised three
toe attention of is tu*y [worthy men, and it is the minutes. The Lieutenant in-command of the
opinion of a wsp'rity yt tnese tnat a northern company stationed them w»o I.ientennnt Baird,
sropefs better wiitod las a location for an or- now a Major General of too United States
chard than a southern'slope. The reason ad- Army, and his company being in my regiment,
vanced for this opinion is that toe cold winds of all toe men knew me. I said to Lieutenant
early spring, having a fair sweep at the orchard, Baird, ‘ I have this favor to ask of you, that
retard its blossoming until the period when the you will let me pass tho draw.’ Tho Lieuten-
dinstructive frosts shall have passed Mr. Tay- ant’s reply was, in substance, ‘I wish you had
lor has tested this matter by actnal experiment, : not to make the request, and I would to God
and gives it as his opinion that it makes no dif- yon were coming from Virginia instead of going
ference in Middle Georgia which slope is chosen. . toit.’ He, however, .let me pass.”
Ho hero presented the Society with a basket of ' General Magruder said toe struggle in his
apples taken from both slopes, which more than mind was between a sense of his duty to toe
verified the position ho had taken. His experi- flag and his country on the one hand, and all
ments in this regard have extended through sev- , those ideas and feelings which were bred in
eral years. j him as a Virginian on toe other. “I placed my
2.. The best soil suited is gray, with clny sub- fortunes in this ono bark; and after a long,
soil. It is generally claimed that red laud is ' dark night all was lost save my honor." He
better than gray, but Mr. T. gave it as his ex- J then paid a tribute of respect to others of his
perience that there was no difference—or if any i companions-in-arms who had embraced the
it is in favor of gray land with clay subsoil. 1 cause of secession, believing in its right and
3. Prepare tho land just as yon would a nice justice; and claimed that such men were ac-
barley lot. Break with a turning-plow, abd sub
soil as deep as posssble; then manure again,
broadcast, with vegetable mold, cob manure, or
compost, plowing in toe same with a light run
ning plow.
4. Dig holes three feet wido and eighteen
inches deep for toe trees. Fill one-third full
with mold or manure, one-third with common
enrth, and plant toe tree in too remaining six
inches—covering with earth around toe tree. By
no means pack toe earth on the roots of the
trees. ; : ""
5. The following are the average distances at
which fruit trees should be planted : Apple
trees, 20 feet each way; peach. 18 feet; pear,
10 to 12 feet. If bnt little soil diminish dis
tance from 2 to 4 feet.
G. Get trees from ono to two years old from
the nursery.' *■ ;
7. The early autumn, at the decline of sap and
fall of leaf, is’ time for planting.
8. Do not plant when the ground is wet
enough to pack. • .. t ■
9. Plant in same position as when taken from
the nursery, only a little deeper in tho ground.
10. Tho curculio, or borer, may bo destroyed
in three winters and springs by exposing the
roots of the trees as much as possible in winter,
giving them occasionally a thorough drenching
with soap-suds; and in the spring making a lit
tle monnd six or eight inches high around tho
trees. Cover the exposed roots in the spring.
1L The best varieties of frnit for our section
of the State are: Winter Apples—Shockley,
Nickajack, Buckingham, Virginia Crab and
Yates—ripening from September 15th till Octo
ber 20th All good bearers. Early Peaches—
Early Tillotston, Hale’s Early. Late Peaches—
Crawford’s Lato. Pears—The "White Dozier,
Vicar of Wakefield, and Leckcl.
I havo not done Mr. Taylor’s report justice.
I have written hurriedly, and have no time to
correct, contract or expand. Dot-Piceeb.
tuated by no unworthy principles. In conclu
sion, he expressed his readiness and anxiety to
do all in his power to heal np toe wounds caused
by the war; to reunite the long sundered ties;
and to cherish all that was left of the fraternal
feeling which must form tho basis of tho true
union for. which he earnestly hoped.
Sugar.
Sugar is of modern use only. The ancients
were acquainted with it as 'an article of com
merce or of common use. What a revolution
in our household affairs would it occasion to
strike sugar from toe list of dietary articles. It
is a necessity, not a luxury. Within the last 400
years it has grown from being an article of cu
riosity or luxury to be one of the great staples
of commerce. It enters every department of
domestio economy. Humboldt says that in Ohi-
nu it was known and used in ancient times; bnt
if known at all in Western Asia or Europe till
within the last'few centuries, it was only as
travelers brought it as remembrances of foreign
clime’s and distant travel There is some foun
dation for toe idea that it was not entirely un
known to tho ancient Greeks. We find in the
classics, mention made of honey that bees did
not make, and honey from reeds—the sugar
cane .being a reed. From these expressions, it
is thought that - sugar is meant, as all sweet ar
ticles were included in the term honey in early
days. Pliny says there is a kind of honey from
reedB which is like gum, and is nsed as a medi
cine. Some allusions in the Bible seem to refer
to sugar, and "not to honey. In later time3, it
is said, that the Crnsaders fonnd sweet honeyed
canes growing in the meadows of Tripoli; that
they sucked these canes, - and were delighted
with the operation; that these canes were cul
tivated with great care, and when ripe were
pounded in mortars, and toe juice was strained
and dried to a solid, like salt; that mixed with
bread it was more pleasant than honey. In
1420 the Portugese brought the cane to Spain,
Madeira, and Canaries, and thence it was car- :
ried to the West Indies and Brazil. In these
tised for information how to preserve it. A wag
replied to the advertisement, tendering the de
sired information on receipt of half a dollar’s
worth of postage stamps, which arrived, and the
following recipe was duly forwarded :
“Put toe whale carefully into n glass bottle;
oover it oyer with spirits of wine (strong whisky
may do;) then cork and seal up.”
The postage Btampa were handed over to a
charitable institution.
Western Produce.
Of too crops of apples, potatoes and grain on
tho line of the Michigan Central Railroad, the j countries it found the conditions for its rapid
Detroit Free Press says : j development, and toe world was soon furnished
Both winter and fall apples are being shipped | ^th the produots of these countries; so that
in large amounts from all the fruit-marketing j gagar assumed a place among the chief articles
towns. The prices paid are from $1 25 to $175 j 0 f commerce.
per barrel, the purchaser furnishing barrels j The constitution of suga r, in proportion of
Tho prices varying according to the quality and ! ^ elements, is carbon (charcoal) and water,
condition of tho fruit. There will be twice the Aq atombf w ' ate r, more or less, chingee entire-
amount shipped of this crop than there was of , lthe character of the sugar; but, and not only
tho previous one, and nearly all much finer and , th ^ ^ changes it into entirely different sub-
bettcr fruit. stances. Gum, starch and wood differ in no
Tho securing of tho apples and potatoes is respect in composition, but only in the amount
now employing tho farmers, and the coldweath- q{ Vater- they contain; and tins difference is
er will probably come on before these large crops „ ithia narrow limits, and in some of them
can be taken care of. The there is no difference at all. There is no fact
good quality and yield as has ever been pro- innft t that calls forth our astonishment or
duced in this State, but there .are only^few P exhibits the wisdom, and direct impress of toe
chasers. The most of those sold were for the Dei ty so strikingly as finding innumerable sub-
homo market. The p ees paid are from He stanc e a identical ih composition, but altogether
to 20c. per bushel. But a yeiy small amount of dissimiiiir in proper tiea. W e see the fiat of the
tap
amount that -was harvested from the previous ^ ^ hM fl mnoh more ext<mB ive
crop. The buckwheat crop is a large one, and meaaiag ^ than in commerce. In the
of good quality. It is nearly all in toe shock. f onneri t includes all those organic compounds,
There has been but a small amount thrashed, vegetable , having a sweet taste, solabta
and none sold. The growing crop of wheatnev- . ° , _ k,__i
BtBHIXO OF THE STEAMER STOJfE-
WALL TERRIBLE LOSS OF LIFE.
Sr. Louis, October 28 Private dispatches say
the steamer Stonewall was burned forty-five miles
above Cairo. Of the crew and passengers, number
ing 160, but forty-three were saved.
Later.—The details of the loss of the steamer
Stonewall, state that the vessel left St. Louis Tues
day evening for New Orleans, heavily laden with
paseeugers, horses, mules, hay, and other freight,
and was burned to the water’s edge. An effort was
mado to land, but the boat was so heavily laden
that it conld not reach nearer than one hundred
yards of the shore. Great confusion and terror
prevailed. There were about two hundred cabin
and deck passengers aboard, a large number being
women and children. The flames spread rapidly,
and scores of men jumped into the water and at
tempted swimming ashore, but nearly all were lost.
The pilot, engineer, stoker, carpenter and forty-
four passengers are known to bo saved. The cap
tain, clerks and other officers and many passengers,
were lost, and all tho books and papers of the boat
were lost, as were all the cattle and other freight.
Many persons died after reaching shore, from ex
posure. AU the women and children were lost,
nearly if not all, being burned to death. The con
duct of too passengers and officers, is said to have
been heroic. Such an appalliug scene has not been
witnessed on the Mississippi for many years. Tho
saved were kindly cared for by tho officers of the
Balle of Memphis, and were carried to St. Louis,
From an interview with the Assistant Engineer of
the Stonewall we get the following: The alarm was
given at 6:30 and in ten minutes the boat was in a
sheet of flame and every person had deserted her.
All that wero lost were drowned, and none were
burned. Of eleven women but throe wero saved.
But ono yawl was Been, and that was taken posaes-
hion or by u >mn deck passengers. Wlieu last seen,
‘Capt. Scott was floating down stream on a log. Tbe
people at Neely's landing saw- toe light and hasten-,
od to assist. One man rescued sixteen persons with
a skiff, and had it not been for this help, all would
have been lost. A gentleman from Paducah, Ky.,
swam ashore with a lady. At her entreaty He* returned
to save her child. In swimming ashore he was grasp
ed by a drowning man, and was compelled to shake
him off. Oiie man was taken from toe wreck so
badly burned, that he died oq reaching shore.
Capt. Donolly, of Shreveport, was saved. There
were thirty-nine cabin passengers and crew. All
the ladies on board were lost but one. Fulkerson,
the pilot, and the carpenter, were the'only ones of
the crew that were saved. "- ■ " '• ••
Another statement is that the lire originated from
a candle which the deck passengers had in the rear
of some hay while playing cards. .. v . >:
The steamer was run on a. gravel bar, the pilot
supposing that the passengers could wade ashore,
bnt at the end of the bar there runs a slough, and
here toe larger number were drowned. Out of 250
passengers and crew only 30 are known to have
been saved.
■ a i : from WASHINGTON.
Washington, October 28.—There are ugly ru
mors of a heavy pressure for the further postpone
ment of too elections in Mississippi and Texas.
Revenue to-day, $446,000.
The Court of Claims have adjourned to the first
Monday in December.
Lowe, of California, Minister to China, is here for
instructions.
The Executive Committee of toe Union League
here are trying to raise funds to aid the extremists
of Mississippi and Texas.
Customs from October 18 th to October 23d,
$750,000.
Tho Virginia tobacco will pay three million dollars
tax this year.
Lawyers regard it as certain that the Yerger case
will bo brought to the bar of the Supreme Court.
Tho President has ordered that Ml communica
tions, relative to Executive business, shall be for
warded to their appropriate departments, or no at
tention will be paid to them, f
Secretary Pish has issued a notice that no vacan
cies exist abroad in the State Department.
Dispatches from Salt-Lake indicate a serious schism
in the Merman Church. Stenhouse, editor of the
Salt Lake Telegraph, and for many years one of
Brigham Young’s most staunch supporters, heads the
defection. His daughter is one of Brigham Young's
son’s (Joseph's) wives.
FROM VIRGINIA.
Richmond, October 23.—Colonel John Burke, In
spector of Internal Revenue, and J. P. Justis, Wm.
M. Justis, and R. F. Valentine, tobacco manufac
turers, wero arrested last night, chaiged with con
spiracy to defraud the revenue by means of coun
terfeit tobacco stamps. All were bailed for trial.
The detectives last night captured eight thousand
dollars' worth of tobacco stamps.
In the case heretofore telegraphed of parties
charged with the sale of bogus tobacco stamps, alt
havo boen sent on for trial except Stone, who is to
be examined November 9th. Chas. A. Jackson, of
Petersburg, was dismissed by toe -United States
Commissioner, there being nothing to connect him
with tho utterance or use of counterfeit stamps.
The' theatre was sold to-day for thirty-fire thou
sand dollars, to Mrs. Elizabeth Mag ill, of New York.
The Agricultural Fair Grounds are fast filling up.
There are already four hundred head of horses and
cattle on the ground, though the Fair does not com
mence till Tuesday. In the mineral department, a
building 50 feet long is already nearly foil of ape-
OJLlV'fSPAIN.
From tbe Saturday SstHete.]
While we stiff wait and watch to *ee W
wrll shape her destiny,.and whiley
rather desire, to witness some
among her chiefs of capacity for *
and some approach towards her rStl j 8,
the place which she once held in Ean, 0,1
be interesting to recall eome-taSsr*
history of an age when Spain was m-L, 01 >■
attempt (gome momentary revival offt
glories of the Spanish arms. Themo^.K
deeds of Spanish valor were nerfm™ ■ “ 1 -
New World, The. morality of
dares of America must be judged bv
ard proper to their time, but their com
endurance will be judged by a standard
is invariable.
FROM NEW ORLEANS.
New Orleans, October 28.—The city authorities
are now enforcing the ordinance regarding weights
in bread. Over one hundred bakers and dealers
have been arrested for short weights since yester
day morning. The penalties imposed are fines and
confiscation.
Dent and Lowry, of Mississippi, are here.
was stranded on the coast, and purchased as a r i t ^ ,7A, The in water, and neutral in relation to vegetable
speculation by a sharp practitioner, who adver- f colors; Wt is, they are neither acid nor alka-
EHggra. farmers are preparing their gronnds and putting ^ . Under this definition are included honey,
m toeir wheat, the most of them much better u etc . 0 f these we shall not
every year, and find that they are wellpaid back at ^ re8ent ’ 8peak . ’ There are three kinds of su
ra the quantity and quality of gram. Very small £ closely related, and important in an eeo-
amonnts of the last crop of wheat are being 5“ ’. . ^ h,.
farmers not satisfied with comical point of view, and present some of the
marketed. The fanners are not satisfied with
the prices.
Lady .Franklin telegraphed to New York:
“Has Hall brought journals or any writings?”
and Mr. Grinnell answered, “Nous.”
• A.
most wonderful reaction in their production, all
tending to onr interest and happiness. These
three kinds of sugar are known generally as
cope sugar, fruit sugar, and grape Sugar.~~2hs
American Grocer.
FROM CUBA.
Havana, October 28.—The Spanish steamers Pi-
zarro and Austria have gone to Nassau, N. P., look
ing after toe Lillian.
Serious frauds havo been discovered in bonded
warehouses; tho Judge of toe Supreme. Court,
Treasurer and Captain-General personally investi
gating. - ■ .
The furniture in Palace Senore Aldamas was sold
at auction by the government to-day.
Insurgent General Covada has issued an order to
his subordinates to burn the cane-fielda as soon as
tho cane' is dry.
GENERAL NEWS.
Cincinnati, October 28.—Mr. Pendleton has been
appointed President of the Kentucky Central Rail
road.
A brilliant meteor, with a rumbling sound and
sulphurious smell passed over Dayton. At toe same
hour an enormous meteor passed over Forrest Sta
tion eastward, resembling a locomotive head light
with a booming roar which shook houses, broke
windows, and waked the people. .There were three
heavy explosions.
Wilmington, Octobor 23.—The testimony of toe
officers in tho Cuba case closed to-day. Nothing
important. The case will be argued by counsel to
morrow.
Philadelphia, October 28.—It is showing here,
bnt melts as fast as it falls.
foreign news.
London, October 28.—Mr. Peabody is iff and his
recovery is donbtfuL' • ,r;iV iC eircos ««r».t
The Dublin Fenian Amnesty Association passed
resolutions regretting Gladstone’s refusal to release
Fenians, and resolving to oontinue agitation and
form local associations thoughoat the country.
Madrid, October 28 The,; Ministerial crisis is
over. Ail parties have agreed to postpone their
differences, Carmo, the Insurgent leader is con
demned, to death.
BacssEis, October 28.—Elections of deputies
show a decreasing ministerial strength.
The greatest among these great tn 6 , J
nando Cortez, the eonquerer of Meri"’’ ^"1
bom at Medellin, a village of Estremas ’ 1
was destined for the profession of the t T
as hi's lively spirit did not suffer him u' H
much progress in that tedious path
panied toe Governor Ovando, trie t-Y ***
Columbus to toe New "World, whichlffiu'**
afforded the most tempting prospect t^*
tious dispositions. He served his sdiW—I
to Indian warfare in the rampaiehiwv v 5 *
ed in toe conquest of the great islands
sola and Cuba. Hes was chosen bv Velas! ^
eonquerer and Governor of Cuba to
pedition against Mexico in 16187 Tf v t
had known how far his Isentena^V riSST
surpassed his own, he would never w ■
him toe opportunity to eclipse his sL 8 ^4
as he soon did. But Cortez conceakiTbf 5 ^
capacity for aetion until the time f 0 - ■
came. The wonderful and rapid snccea t- »
he attained was due to the combination of! J
qualities in hi? character.. He was no -
and artful than he was energetic and etr-’
ous. On one point only he was nnvieldi-Jf
that was in regard to his religion. Indeed v
sometimes surpassed in zeal, as far as bh
behind in discretion, toe priests who oaJlj
nied his expeditions. In this respect tifT*
auot of Cortez was thoroughly undinV-tt
Among toe fortes by which the Spaniard- ,
threw toe empire of the Aztecs ^'1
which diplomacy ordinarily takes no acv' 1
Although the soldiers with whom Cortez 1
in Mexico were only five hundred in n-
they were "five hundred heroes wSl
the strongest of human motives—im. *
gain, and fiery zeal for their faith i
their valor and his own poliev C-vi
soon gained a footing in the capital of ]
ico, and it seems probable that he v
have maintained himself withont further f-v
ing, but that he was assailed in rear bv & A
winch Velasquez had sent from Cnha todisn]
his presumptuous and too successful
Cortez marched towards the coast, ksTi.-J’i
lieutenant, Alvarado, with a garrison, inthe^
of Mexico. Cortez surprised and defeated
vaez, whom Valesquez had sent to amjj
him, and he persuaded many of the solfej
his rival to attach themselves to his thingfJ
tunes. It is wonderful how the SpasuSl
America fell to fighting among themselves, ul
they had not enemies enough among the i~J
The hostility of Velasquez enormonslyintreij
the difficulties of Cortez, for, during’bis fa
absence from Mexico, Alvarado, by bit
ness -and violence, provoked a generalr
of toe Aztecs against the Spaniards,
first they had venerated as divine beings. (I
tsz turned to face toe storm which he eotfij
control. The Spanish garrison was driven c
Mexico and compelled to retreat by night t
toe causeway which traversed the lake ocv
that city stood, and which connected it withij
land. The bridges on this causeway haJbi
broken down in toe Spaniards’ front and i
merabie enemies in canoes assailed their £
The horrors of toe noche iriste, as it is c
would have deterred a less resolute comma:
but Cortez dung steadfastly to his pm;
"With the shattered remnants of his eiet.J
retreated to the friendly country of Tluai
and there made deliberate preparation fas
siege of Mexico. He built ships and lama
them upon the lake; and, having formed it
army of Spaniards and auxiliary Indians, i
re-established by successful expeditionsHsJ
utation, which had suffered by his retreitj
invested Mexico by water and land, and, ri|
three months of obstinate and bloody ccrii
he compelled what remained undestroyedda
city to surrender. The Aztecs were ft*a
formidable native enemies that the Spin
encountered in America. They had large s
bers, fierce courage, and a system of ;
ment which enabled toeir Emperor to e
and, direct their energies for the expuisfal
toe Spaniards. But the hold of Cortez nl
Mexico was not to be shaken off. Having jI
quered the city,-he speedily became nusii.-J
all the country between the Atlantic anil
Pacific. I
The Isthmus of Darien was first cross! J
Vasco Nunez de Balboa, in 1513. A fes;
afterwards toe Spaniards founded a settle
at Panama, and thus acquired a basis of id
tion against Peru. The triumverate, as it*
been called, of Pizarro, Almngro, and
was formed at Panama, in 1524. It took■
longer, and proved more difficult to roach ij
than to conquer it. An arduous voyage tod
ten degrees of latitude separated tbe
Panama from toe Bay of Goaurr
where Pizarro landed and found i
he had reached toe gate of the rick f
pire of Peru. But he could not hope j
conquer that empire with a few sailors c:.yj
he returned to, Panama, and thence to
report that he had discovered a country
the people drew water with golden buckets d
visited his native place, Truxillo, in Bot
dura, where his brothers and the WnM]
youth enlisted under his banner and reel
with him to Panama." Thus Pizarro ft 1
gather a fleet of three ships provided
small cannon, twenty-five horses, and coett
dred and eighty foot soldiers, only a k’J
whom were armed with firelocks. ^ J
never read the accounts of any of these e?
tions of discovery and conquest without •
struck with admiration at the grestness j
results which were produced with
means. Horses were perhaps more
the Indians in war than even fkesiti
therefore Pizarro, like Cortez and sll
conquerors, was determined, at any cost, to']
with him a small force of cavalry, h 1 /*
conceive what the cost and risk must haw
of transporting horses first by sei
Spain to the coast of toe Oaribbeu -q
then across the mountains to PsaatA^
toenoe by -sea to too Bay of Gum*?]
It almost seems that the horses, s 5 ee ;
the men of those times, could bear b*'
about better than toeir descendants in
day. The Spanish conquerors of
tainly deserved toe praise which isgiTenW-n
by one of their own historians, that m
in the world ever surpassed them in “en .
paoity for enduring hardships and P r ’ T *fl
And the horses were worthy of ]
many of them served through camp 41 #" j
traordinary difficulty; and, in toJJL
tribnted so largely to the success of to Y
paigns, that their posterity, if to®? f
ought to have been ennobled by tto ,■$
Spain. It happened not seldom that J
mous chargers were shod with silver, 1
golden bridles; bnt that was because ^,
were sometimes much more pi®"*?,
Spanish campa than iron. The home® 1 "
of Mexico disappointed the soldiers o
but the most greedy followers of *“"7tJ
have been satisfied with toe plunder _ '
A high degree of civilization had eESt . <jl
country for some centuries. The P re r"“L 5 |
als had been copiously used in the
of innumerable temples, and the
when they had defeated and taken pp° 7J
Inoa, had nothing to do but to stop "I
of their treasure and send it home.
tested not only the Inca, but hi*; 0 jjjl
associate, Aimagro, with whom be
over the division of the immense
treasure which they had conquered.
was taken prisoner and put to deatai
Francisco Pizarro—who could neitne .i
write, and who had been in his e» 1 i
herdsman at Truxillo—became i
name of the King of Spain, of an w
rich oountry of Peru. This conqo -_ _
upon that of Mexioo within twelve i
both were effected in the service ot
tot Oharles V. As soon as Pizarro .
himself master of Pern, he sent “ m ,
Pedro de Valdivia, southward into
he subdued and colonized as far ^
The natives of this country, aUhoug
as had been represantod, were found
iards to be very like the
with his sixpence. It was very #
them, and they bod nothing of ^ sg
could be robbed. But froni P® t6 d-
iards turned their faces eastw^ (
agined that to toe immense extern.
The following is Renan’s description of the
personal appearance of St Panl: “ Paul bad a
sickly appearance, which did not, as it appears,
correspond with the greatness of.,bia soul. He
was ugly, short, thick-set and stooping, and his
broad shoulders awkwardly sustained a little agined that m the immense ‘
bald head. His sallow ooontenanoe was half which lay batweasthsm *
hidden in a thick beard ; his nose was aquiline,
his eyes piercing, and his black, and heavy eye
brows met ncroBa his forehead. Nor was there
anything imposing in his speech ; bia timid and
embarrassed air and his incorrect language gave
at first but a poor idea of bis eloquence. He
shrewdly, however, glorified in his mfeerio* de-
feote, aid evta drew »dvfo#geg ft mreftwH. r
wmen iay botbw -
would find nations eyen
visas whom they had »nd *
The real El Dorado, where * -
were as plentiful as «toneaanap« r^j
Spain, m never actually duM5 ? v ® » J
the ealrly days of toe
tably £arcpe> <
in r liiffiinaaiiifM
MinikHtm
| tesas* arrived