Newspaper Page Text
I Talks With Farmers
Conducted By C. H. Jordan
Rl ' ' 1 - f -"-n'iL , .ui, l , , AiU.'J Illi 111 l 'eT
♦ Subscribers are requested to ad- ♦
♦ drees all Inquiries for information ♦
♦ on subjects relating to the farm. +
♦ field, garden and poultry to the ♦
♦ Agricultural Editor. All Inquiries ♦
♦ will receive prompt and careful at- +
♦ tent ion. No inquiries answered by 4
d> mall. Please address Harris Jordan. 4
4 Agricultural Editor. Monticello. Ga. 4
■»»♦!• »♦♦!>!» <!♦♦♦< I
OUR NEW FERTILIZER LAWS.
Four years ago I began the fight In the
general assembly of this state to secure
the th* enactments of fairer and better
fertiliser laws. We publish In this Issue
of The Semi-Weekly the new law. which,
pa sard unanimously tn the senate, and
with only six dissenting votes in the
house, during the last day of the recent
session. The general law which is reci
ted. ahead of the Ellington and Calvin
bills in this act. is the bill which was
drawn at Hot Springs. Ark.. October 10th.
Inst.. during the annual meeting of the
southern commissioners of agriculture, at
which meeting I was present and aldtd
In formulating the bill to meet the re
quirements of existing conditions. The
bill is similar to the Jordan bill introduced
by myself last year, but which was held
up at the request of the commissioners of
agriculture until after their session in
lsdl.
of the commissioners was to
reThe of a uniform law
which would be agreeable to all the south
ern states using fertilisers and this bill
represents the wisdom and experience in
the fertiliser business of the commission
ers. their able corps of chemists, and so
far as Georgia is concerned, the almost
unanimous approval of both branches of
the genera] assembly. My great desire
has been to secure the enactment of a law
which would require the manufacturers
to file with the commissioner of agricul
ture. on each and every brand or kind
of goods they offered for sale the sources
from which the plant foods out of which
the fertilisers are made, were obtained;
also to allow only the minimum guarantee
of analysis stamped on the sacks, and
lastly, but most important of all, to raise
the standard of guano, and shut out for
ever in this state the sale of all low grade
10 per cent spurious guanos. These three
features are all clearly defined in the new
law. as will be seen from its reading and
after this season, no kind of fertiliser
analysing less than 12 per cent available
plant food can be offereu for sale in Geor
gia. and no complete fertiliser can be
branded “standard” or “high grade"
which contains less than two per cent
of ammonia, and two per cent of potash.
Where these two elements of plant food
are wanted in less percentages they can
be bought of course, but not under the
brands as above stated, which can only
be used to designate a complete fertiliser
containing ammonia and potash of two
per cent each.
Need of Uniform Law.
The fertiliser business is now handled
by large companies mainly which supply
the southern states with all commercial
fertilisers needed by thd farmers. It each
state has a different law requiring a dif
ferent analysis, necesitating changes in
mixing different brands on sacks, etc.,
it necesarity causes an additonal expense
to the manufacturers, particularly if any
goods left over in one state are required
for the trade in another state. Every
item of expense in the manufacture of the
goods is charged up in the cost of selling
price, and in the end comes out of the
farmers' pocket. In addition to this, the
commissioners of agriculture, if ail are
acting under the same law. will in their
annual meetings be more apt to detect
flaws or evils and take steps to remedy
them.
The manufacturers also desired a uni
form law. particularly those who do an
interstate business. The other states will
doubtless adopt this law at the next meet
ing of their different legislatures. Under
the old fertiliser law of Georgia the farm
ers had but little protection against the
imposition of low grade, cheap guanos. In
all low grade 10 per cent guanos, several
hundred pounds of a foreign element were
used, designated as a “filler*’ or “make
weight.** In each ton. and in which there
is not a pound of plant food. The prin
cipal material used for that purpose is
ground railroad cinders, treated with lamp
black, and ground slate, which is mined
principally in Dade county, Georgia. The
sanction of the law to such fraudulent
dealing of course opened the way to a
wild-cat business, which is not only an
outrage perpetrated on the farmer, but to
a great extent handicaps the honest man
ufacturer who wants to make good,
straight fertllsers.
If a fanner wants a low grade guano
let him buy a ton of good fertilizers and
mix with that a ton of sand or pulverized
dirt and he will then have two tons of
tow grades and will hare saved fb himself
the coot of paying a manufacturer to mix
it and will save the extra freight and cost
of sacking. A law such as this one which
will require all manufacturers to make
honest goods, and which enforces a heavy
penalty on all violators of the law, will
not only give to the farmers of Georgia
a better grade of guano, but the price
charged will bo less tn proportion to the
true value of the material. Every farmer
should remember that in the purchase of
guano he wants plant food and not brands
or weight. The beet fertiliser is the one
which shows the highest analysis and is
richest tn those elements of plant food
which the consumer wants for his crops.
Defining Section 4.
« Under the old law. if a fertilizer analyz
ed ••substantially" the ingredients as guar
anteed lr percentages of plant food stamp
ed on the sack, then the purchaser could
make no plea of a partial or total failure
of consideration. What the word “sub
stantially** meant, had to be determined
by the judge and jury before whom any
case was tried, where a certain guano run
under the guaranteed analysts and the
farmer sued to recover damage* In sec
tion ”4” of the new bill. It will be observ
ed that the word ••substantially” in the
old law is fully defined, giving the manu
facturer a reasonable variation, and when
the analysis of hie goods by the state
chemist falls below 3 per cent of the total
commercial value of his goods, then the
penalty is fixed by law without a trial.
Section 4 should be clearly understood,
lest it be misconstrued. The commercial
value of fertilizers is based upon the
wholesale spot cash price of the ingredi
ents, composed of phosphoric acid, potash
and nitrogen, delivered at the port at Sa
vannah. For instance, a “standard”
grade. 12 per cent complete fertilizer con
taining 8 per cent phosphoric acid. 3 per
cent potash and 2 per cent ammonia, based
upon its total commercial value at the
porta would be about 314.00 per ton. This
STAR PEA HULLER»™
IO to 15 bushels per hour. Write for circulars
•nd price* to the Star Pea Machine Co., Chatta
—BK iMh
ARE YOU THINKING OF
MOVING to TEXAS
Or some other Western State? If so, yon will
Ca d t to your interest to write to
w L. GLESSNER
Commissioner of Immigration,
Macon. G*.
guano shipped into the interior would be
sold at 320.00 per ton to the consumer. If
upon official analysis this goods should fall
below 3 per cent of the total commercial
value of any one or more of its ingredi
ents, that is les sthan 42 cents, then the
dealer or manufacturer could only collect
the actual value of the goods, which
would be as much under 313-58 as the state
chemist found its true value to be—and
could not deduct the difference from the
face of the full note, as would be the case
under the old law.
In other words, the old law put no penal
ty to apeak of on the manufacturers
where they did not come fully up to the
guaranteed analysis. This new law will
put a heavy penalty on the manufacturers
whose goods fall below the narrow margin
of 3 per cent, and they lose all freights,
commission to dealers, and time price
charged the consumer, and can only col
lect the actual value of the material in
the goods as ascertained by the state
chemist. Section ’.l" of the new bill re
quiring the manufacturers to file with the
commissioner of agriculture the sources
from which they derive the plant foods
put into their goods is a splendid feature,
and any farmer can learn just what is in
bis guano by writing to the commission
er after the law becomes operative, which
will be August 1, 1902. as it could not be
enforced this season against goods al
ready manufactured under the old law.
Ellington and Calvin Bills.
The Ellington law, which gives the
farmer of Georgia the right to take a
sample of guano he buys in the presence
of the seller, and have the same analyzed
by the state chemist in the fall of the
year. In case he has reason to believe
the guano was worthless to his growing
crop, has not bean repealed, but amend
ed only as to the method of taking the
samples and filing the same with the
ordinary of the county in which the con
sumer resides. The Ellington bill as
amended is published in full and con
tinues to provide that where the samples
so taken and analyzed falls below the
guaranteed analysis printed on the sacks,
then the sale shall be declared null and
void and the notes given in payment
for same, no matter whether in the hands
of Innocent third parties or not, cannot
be collected.
The manufacturers claim that this is an
unrighteous law, in that it permits the
entire confiscation of their goods when
guarantee, the analysis does not come
squarely up to the guarantee. On the
other hand the farmer has the right to
demand that the goods measure up to
the guarantee, and if the sample is prop
erly drawn and filed under the provisions
of the bill, a careful manufacturer is not
likely to get into trouble. The Calvin
bill, which is also published and relates
entirely to cotton seed meal, is but
slightly changed from the old law. When
this new law goes Into effect there can
be no doubt that the farmers of Georgia
will be better protected than those of
any other state in the south, in the pur
chasing of guanos. A careful study of the
bill shows it to be fair to all parties in
terested. and that fraudulent dealings will
in future be outlawed so far as low grade,
spurious guanos are concerned.
HARVIE JORDAN.
The new fertilizer law, known as “the
Jordan bill." recently signed by the gov
ernor and will become operative August
1, 1901
A BILL
To be netltled an act to regulate the
registration, sale, inspection and anlysis
of commercial fertilizers, acid phosphates,
fertilizer materials and chemicals, in the
state of Georgia, and to consolidate all
laws relating to said sales, Inspection and
analysis, and to repeal all other laws
or parts of laws in conflict therewith.
1. Be it enacted by the general assembly
of the state of Georgia that all manufac
turers, jobbers and manipulators of com
mercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials
to be used in the manufacture of the
same, who may desire to sell or offer for
sale in the state of Georgia such fertil
izers and fertiliser materials, shall first
file with the commissioner of agriculture
of the state of Georgia, upon forms furn
ished by said commissioner of agriculture,
th* name of each brand of fertilizers,
acid phosphates, fertilizer materials, or
chemicals which they may desire to sell
in said state, either by themselves or
their agents, together with the name and
address of the manufacturer or manipu
lator, and also guaranteed analysis there
of, stating the sources from which the
phosphoric acid, nitrogen and potash are
derived, and if the same fertilizer is sold
under a different name or names, said
fact shall be so stated, and the different
brands which are identical shall be nam
ed.
Sec. 2. All persons, companies, manufac
turers, dealers or agents, before selling or
offering for sale in this state any commer
cial fertiliser or fertilizer material, shall
brand or attach to each bag, barrel or
package the brand name of <ne fertilizer,
th* weight of the package, the name and
address of the manufacturer, and the
guaranteed analysis of the fertilizer, giv
ing the valuable constituents of the fertil
izer in minimum percentages only. These
items only shall be branded or printed on
the sacks in the following order:
1. Weight of each package in pounds.
2. Brand name and trade mark.
3. Guaranteed analysis.
4. Available phosphoric acid, per cent.
5. Nitrogen, per cent
6. Potash, per cent.
7. Name and address of the manufact
urer.
In bone meal, tankage or other products
where the phosphoric acid is not available
to laboratory methods, but becomes avail
able on the decomposition of the product
in the soil, the phosphoric acid shall be
claimed as total phosphoric acl-, unless
it be desired to claim available phosphoric
acid also, in which latter case the guar
antee must take the form above set forth.
In the case of bone meal and tankage,
manufacturers may brand on the bags in
formation showing the fineness of product,
provided it takes a form approved by the
commissioner of agriculture.
Sec. X If any commercial fertilizer or
fertilizer material offered for sale in this
state shall, upon official analysis, prove
deficient in any of its Ingredients as guar
anteed and branded upon the sacks or
packages, and if by reason of such defi
ciency the commercial value thereof shall
fall 3 per cent below the guaranteed total
commercial value of such fertilizer or fer
tilizer material, then any note or obliga
tion given in payment therefor shall be
collectable by law only for the amount of
actual total commercial value as ascer
tained by said official analysis, and the
person or corporation selling the same
shall be liable to consumer by reason of
such deficiency for such damages, ft any,
as may be proven and obtained by him
on trial before jury in any court of com
petent jurisdiction in this state.
Sec. 4. Be it further enacted.
That the words “high grade” shall
not appear upon any bag or oth
er package of any complete
fertilizer which complete fertilizer con
tains. by its guaranteed analysis, less than
ten per cent available phosphoric acid,
1.65 per cent nitrogen (equivalent to two
per cent of ammonia and two per cent
of potash, or a grade or analysis of equal
total commercial value; that the word
"standard” shall not appear upon any
bag or other package of any complete
fertilizer which contains, by its guaran
teed analysis, less than 8 per cent avail
able phosphoric acid, 1.65 per cent nitro
gen (equivalent to two per cent ammo
nia). and two per cent potash, or a grade
or analysis of equal total commercial
value; that the words "high grade” shall
not appear upon any bag or other pack-
THE FEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA. GEORGIA, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 26. 1901.
age of any acid phosphate with potash
which shall contain, by its guaranteed
analysis, less than 13 per cent available
phosphoric acid and one per cent of pot
ash, or a grade or analysis of equal total
commercial value; that the word "stand
ard” shall not appear upon any bag or
other package of any acid-phosphate-with
potash which shall contain, by its guar
anteed analysis, less than 11 per cent
available phosphoric acid and one per cent
potash, or a grade or analysis of equal
total commercial value; that the words
“high grade" shall not appear upon any
bag or other package of any plain acid
phosphate which shall contain, by its
guaranteed analysis, less than 14 per cent
available phosphoric acid; and, lastly,
that the word “standard” shall not ap
pear upon any bag or other package of
any plain acid phosphate which shall con
tain, by its guaranteed analysis, less than
12 per cent available phosphoric acid.
It is hereby provided that no complete
fertilizer, acid phosphate with potash,
acid phosphate with nitrogen, or plain
acid phosphate shall be offered for sale in
this state which contains less than 12 per
cent of total plant food, namely; available
phosphoric acid nitrogen, when calculated
as ammonia and potash, either singly or
in combination, provided that in mixed
fertilizers there shall not be claimed less
than 1 per cent of potash and .82 per cent
nitrogen, when one or both are present in
the same mixture. It is further hereby pro
vided. that no commercial fertilizers or
fertilizer material shall be offered for sale
in this state which contains such an
amount of water as to render the handling
or manipulation of such fertilizers or fer
tilizer material difficult, or to cause the
clogging of fertilizer distributers by rea
son of its bad mechanical condition. Such
wet or bad mechanical condition of any
fertilizer shall be carefully observed by all
fertilizer inspectors at the time of draw
ing their samples, and be reported along
with the sample to the commissioner of
agriculture, who, if he (or In his absence
the state chemist) confirms the opinion of
the inspector, shall forbid the sale of that
lot so inspected.
Sec. 5. Be it further enacted, That all
manufacturers and manipulators, or
agents representing them, who have reg
istered their brands in compliance with
section 1 of this act. shall forward to the
commissioner of agriculture p. request for
tax tags, stating that said tax tags are
to be used upon brands of fertilizers and
fertilizer materials registered in accord
ance with this act, and said request shall
be accompanied with the sum of 10 cents
per ton as an inspection fee, whereupon
it shall be the duty of the commissioner
of agriculture to issue tag to parties ap
plying, who shall attach a tag to each bag,
barrel or package thereof, which, when
attached to said package, shall be prima
facie evidence that the seller has complied
with the requirements of this act. Any
tags left in the possession of the manufac
turer shall not be used for another season,
and shall not be redeemed by the depart
ment of agriculture.
Sec. 6. Be it further enacted. That it
shall not be lawful for any manufacturer
or company, either by themselves or their
agents, to offer for sale in this state any
fertilizer or fertilizer material that has
not been registered with the commission
er of agriculture as required by this act.
The fact that the purchaser waives the
inspection and analysis thereof shall be
no protection to said party selling or of
fering the same for sale.
Sec. 7. The guaranteed analysis of each
and every brand of fertilizer or fertilizer
material must, without exception, remain
uniform throughout the fiscal year for
which it is registered, and in no case, even
at subsequent registration, shall the grade
be lowered, although the proportion of the
available constituents may be changed so
that the decrease of one constituent may
be compensated for in value by the in
crease of the other or others. Such pro
posed change must first receive the ap
proval of the commissioner of agriculture.
A brand name and, or, trade-mark regis
tered by one manufacturer shall not be
entitled to registration by another, and
the manufacturer having first registered
and used the said brand name and, or,
trade-mark shall be entitled to it, even
should said brand name and, or, trade
mark not be offered for current registra
tion at the time. Nothing in this sec
tion shall be construed as debarring the
right of any manufacturer to establish his
ownership in, and prior right of registra
tion of, any brand name and, or, trade
mark. whether said brand name and, or,
trade-mark had been previously register
ed or not.
Sec. 8. No person, company, dealer or
agents shall sell, expose or offer for sale
in this state any pulverized leather, raw,
steamed, roasted, or in any other form,
either as a fertilizer or fertilizer material,
or as a constituent of fertilizers, without
first making full and explicit statement of
the fact in registration with the commis
sioner of agriculture, and furnishing sat
isfactory proof that the nitrogen is suf
ficiently available and valuable for the
purpose for which sold.
Sec. Be it further enacted,That the com
missioner of agriculture shall appoint
twelve Inspectors of fertilizers, or so
many inspectors as, in said commission
er’s judgment, may be necessary, who
shall hold their offices for such time as
said commissioner shall in his judgment
think best for carrying out the provisions
of this act. The greatest compensation
that any inspector of fertilizers shall re
ceive shall be at the rate of 383 1-3 per
month and his actual expenses while in
the discharge of his duty as such in
spector. It shall be their duty to inspect
all fertilizers, acid phosphates, chemicals,
cotton seed meal or other fertilizing ma
terial that may be found at any point
within the limits of the state, and go to
any point when so directed by the com
missioner of agriculture, and shall see
that all fertilizer and fertilizer materials
are properly tagged.
Sec. 10. Be it further enacted. That each of
the inspectors of fertilizers shall be pro
vided with bottles of not less than eight
(8) ounce capacity in which to place sam
ples of fertilizer and fertilizer materials
drawn by him. and it shall be the duty
of each inspector of fertilizers to draw,
with such an instrument as shall secure
a core from the entire length of the pack
age .such samples of fertilizers and fer
tilizer materials as he may be directed by
the commissioner of agriculture to inspect
or that he may find uninspected: and in
the performance of his duty he shall care
fully draw samples as follows:
In lots of ten packages or less, from
every package; in lots of 10 to 100 pack
ages. from not less than 10 per cent of
the entire number; and after thoroughly
mixing the samples so drawn, he shad,
by the method known as “quartering”
draw from such thoroughly mixed sam
ples to sub-samples, and with them fill
two sample bottles, and shall plainly
write on a Igbel on said bottles the num
ber of said sample, and shall also write
on the label on one only of said bottles
the name of the fertilizer, acid phosphate,
or other fertilizer material, also the name
of the manufacturers. He shall then seal
both of said bottles and shall forward
to the commissioner of agriculture the
said sample so drawn by him, stating the
number of sacks from which the sample
was drawn, and a full report of the in
spection written on a form prescribed by
the commissioner of agriculture, which
report must be numbered to agree with
the number of the bottle; and in said
report shall oe given the name of the fer
tilizer or fertilizer material, the name of
the manufacturer, the guaranteed anal
ysis, the place where Inspected, the date
of Inspection, and the name of Inspector;
and it shall be the duty of said inspector
to keep a complete record of all inspec
tions made by them on forms prescribed
by the commissioner of agriculture. Be
fore entering upon the discharge of their
duties they shall also take and subscribe,
before some officer authorized to admin
ister the same, an oath to faithfully dis
charge all duties which may be required
of them in pursuance of this act.
Sec 11. Be it further enacted. That a sam
ple of all fertilizers or fertilizer material
drawn by the official inspectors and filed
with the commissioner of agriculture,
shall be marked by number anff delivered
by said commissioner of agriculture to
the statq, chemist, who shall make a com
plete analysis of the same and certify,
under same number as marked, said an
alysis to said commissioner of agricul
ture, which analysis shall be recorded as
official and entered opposite the brand
of fertilizers or fertilizer material which
the mark and number represent; and the
said official analysis of such fertilizer or
fertilizer material, under the seal of the
commissioner of agriculture, shall be ad
missable as evidence in any of the courts
of this state on the trial of any issue
involving the merits of such fertilizer or
fertilizer material. ,
Bee. 12. Be it further enacted, That the
commissioner of agriculture shall have au
thority to establish such rules and reg
ulations in regard to the inspection, an
alysis and sale of fertilizers and fertil
izer material as shall not be inconsist
ent with the provisions of this act, and as
in his judgment will best carry out the re
quirements therof.
Sec. 13. Be it further enacted, That noth
ing in this act shall be construed to restrict
or avoid sales of acid phosphate or any
other fertilizer material to each other by
Importers, manufacturers or manipula
tors, who mix fertilizer materials for sale,
or as preventing the free and unrestrict
ed shipments of material to manufactur
ers or manipulators who have registered
their brands as required by the provisions
of this act.
Sec. 14. Be it further enacted. That any
son selling or offering for sale and fer
tilizer or fertilizer material without hav
ing first complied with the provisions of
this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
and on conviction thereof shall be pun
ished as prescribed in 1039 of the Criminal
Code of Georgia, provided this act shall
not go into effect until after the first day
of August, 1902.
Sec. 15. Be it further enacted. That there
shall be nothing in this act which shall
be construed to nullify any of the re
quirements of an act fixing the methods
or determining the value of commercial
fertilizers by the purchasers, and incor
porated in the provisions of the herein
amended Ellington bill, which is as fol-
An act to regulate the sale of fertilizers
in this state, to fix a method for deter
mining the value of the same, and for
other purposes. v
Section 1. Be It enacted by the general
assembly, of Georgia, and it is hereby en
acted by authority of the same, that
from and after the passage of this act,
it shall be lawful for any purchaser of
fertilizer from any owner thereof, or
agent of such owner, to require of the
person selling, and at the time of sale or
delivery, to take from each lot of each
brand sold a sample of its contents.
Sec. 2. Be it further enacted. That
said sample or samples of fertilizer shall
be taken in the presence of both pur
chaser and seller, in the following man
ner: Two cupfuls of the fertilizer shall
be taken from the top and two cupfuls
from the bottom of each sack, provided,
there are not more than two sacks in the
lot, but in lots of 10 to 100 sacks, from
not less than 10 sacks; in lots of 100 and
over over; from not less than 10 per cent
of the entire number. The samples so
taken shall be intermixed upon some sur
face so as not to mix any dirt or other
substance with the fertilizer. Then from
different parts of the pile small portions
at a time shall be scooped up in the cup,
and transeferred to a wide-mouthed bot
tle of not less than one pint in capacity.
This bottle shall now be corked with a
suitable cork. The cork must either be
pressed home flush with the mouth of the
bottle or else cut across until it flush or
even with the mouth of the bottle. It
shall then be taken by both parties at in
terest to the ordinary of the county, who
shall seal the same in their presence, in
the following manner. He shall com
pletely cover tne entire surface of the
cork with sealing wax, and then Impress
upon the molten wax his official seal,
bearing his name and the style of his
office. He shall then label the same with
the names of the parties and of the fer
tilizers.
Sec. 3. Be it further enacted. That said
ordinary shall safely weep said package,
allowing neither party access to the same,
save as hereinafter provided. The ordinary
shall receive a fee of 10 cents from the
party depositing such cample for each
sample so deposited.
Sec. 4. Be it further enacted, That
should aid purchaser, after having used
such fertilizers upon his crops, have rea
son to believe from the yields thereof that
said fertilizer was totally or partially
worthless, he shall notify the seller, and
apply to the ordinary to forward the said
sample deposited' with him to the state
chemist, without stating the name of the
parties, the name of the fertilizers or
giving its guaranteed analysis, the cost
of sending being prepaid by the purchaser.
Before forwarding sample to the state
chemist for analysis the ordinary shall
take the affidavit of the purchaser that he
has gathered his crop, and believes from
the yield thereof that the fertilizer used
was worthless or partially worthless. The
ordinary shall notify the state chemist at
the same time that he forwards the sam
ple that he has taken and filed such writ
ten affidavit of the purchaser.
Sec. 5. Be it further enacted, That it
shall be the duty of said state chemist to
analyze and send a copy of the result to
said ordinary.
Sec. 6. Be it further enacted, That should
said analysis show that said fertilizer
comes up to the guaranteed analysis upon
which it is sold, then the statement so
sent by the state chemist shall be con
clusive evidence against a plea of total or
partial failure of consideration. But
should said analysis show that such fer
tilizer does not come up to the guaran
teed analysis, then the sale shall be illegal,
null and void, and when suit is brought
upon any evidence of indebtedness given
for such fertilizer the statement of such
state chemist so transmitted to the ordi
nary shall be conclusive evidence of the
facts, whether such evidence of indebted
ness is held by an innocent third party or
not.
Sec. 7. Be it further enacted, That in lieu
of the state chemist, should the parties to
the contract agree upon some other chem
ist to make said analysi, all the provisions
of the act shall apply to his analysis and
report to the ordinary.
Sec. 8. Be it further enacted. That should
the seller refuse to take said sample when
so requested by the purchaser, then upon
proof of this fact the purchaser shall be
entitled to his plea of failure of consider
ation, and to support the same by proof
of the want of effect and benefit of said
fertilizer upon his crops, which proof shall,
be sufficient to authorize the jury to sus
tain defendant’s plea within whole or in
part, whether said suit is brought by an
innocent holder or not.
Approved December 27, 1890.
Sec. 16. Be It further enacted. That there
shall be nothing in this act which shall be
construed to nullify any of the require
ments of an act fixing the methods of in
spection and determining the analysis of
cotton seed meal, incorporated in the pro
visions of the herein amended Calvin bill,
which is as follows:
A bill to be entitled an act to require all
cotton seed meal to be subjected to anal
ysis and Inspection as a condition prece
dent to being offered for sale, and to for
bid the sale in this state of such cotton
seed meal, if it be shown by the official
analysis that the same contains less than
6.18 per cent of nitrogen, equivalent to
7 1-2 per cent of ammonia, to prescribe a
penalty for the violation of the provis
ions of this act, and for other purposes.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the general as
sembly. and it is hereby enacted by au
thority of the same. That from and after
the passage of this act it shall not be
lawful for any person or persons to offer
for sale in this state any cotton seed
meal until the same shall have been in
spected as now required by law in the
matter of all fertilizers and ch.emlcals for
manufacturing or composting purposes,
nor shall it be lawful to offer such cotton
seed meal for sale in this state if it be
shown by the official analysis that the
same contains less than 6.18 per cent of
nitrogen, equivalent so 7 1-2 per of
ammonia. Provided, that the provisions of
this act as to the percentum mentioned tn
this section shall not apply to meal manu
factured from Sea Island cotton seed, but
the commissioner of agriculture shall,
upon the passage of this act, fix and make
public a minimum percentum, which shall
control as to the cotton seed referred to
in this proviso. Provided, further, that if
any cotton seed meal shall not analyze up
to the required percentum of nitrogen, the
same may be offered for sale as second
class meal, provided the analysis be made
known to the purchaser and stamped on
the sack.
Sec. 2. Be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That there shall be
branded upon or attached to each sack,
barrel or package of cotton seed meal of
fered for sale in this state, the guaranteed
analysis and the nulhber of pounds net
in each sack, barrel'or package.
Sec. 3. Be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That it shall be the
duty of the commissioner of agriculture to
take all steps necessary to make effective
the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of this
act.
Sec. 4. Be it further enacted by the au
thority aforesaid, That any person or
persons violating the provisions of this act
shall be deemed guilty of a misddemeanor,
and on conviction shall be punished as
prescribed in section 4310 of the code of
1882.
Aproved July 22, 1891.
Sectionl3. Be it further enacted by the
authority aforesaid, That all laws and
parts of laws in conflict with t-.is act be,
and the same are, hereby repealed.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
ABOUT FARM LABOR?
In your Issue of the 13th instant I read
with delight a communication from Mrs.
W. H. Felton. The subject upon which she
wrote was “What Can Be Done About
Farm Labor?” From the article we can
readily see she means to ask what can be
done with negro farm labor? This is the
most important question that now con
fronts the south. It is the thing that di
rectly concerns the farmer, who, as we all
know, is the mainstay of every southern
industry. When we knock him out—when
falls of success, the whole business
goes wrong. The success that permits a
farmer to discharge his business obliga
tion, is the same success that passes
down the line and enables every honest
man to have his accounts balanced with
red lines.
This farm labor question now stands
out paramount to every other question.
Free silver, sound money, building the ca
nal, annexation of Cuba, Philippine ques
tion, Monroe doctrine and all other
questions, yea, the building of the Atlanta
depot not excepted, are questions of no
Importance as compared to the negro
farm labor question here in the south.
Every, day the farms of the southern man
are passing into hands of others as a di
rect cause of the uncertainty of the negro
laborer. We must confess that properly
controlled the negroes are the best farm
laborers we can get. We must also con
fess that when not properly controlled the
negro is the very sorriest laborer we can
put on a farm or anywhere else. We never
have any trouble with the ante-bellum
negro. The post-bellum negro Is the one
that gives us trouble—these young bucks
since the war, who have learned how to
read, write, “figger,” pick banjoes, guitars
and the mandolin and sing “Googoo-Eyes”
—these are the ones that give us trouble.
The post-bellum negroes are divided
into three classes.
First class, don’t work at all.
Second class, work just enough to es
cape the vagrancy law.
Third class, work but no reliability can
be placed in them.
What is the remedy? My opinion Is we
need legislation. We have the vagrancy
law that covers class one. For class two
we should amend the vagrancy law so as
to more easily convict. Now for class
three—the negroes who contract with a
farmer to work on the farm—what is the
trouble here?
They contract to work for wages, per
haps contract to run a crop, and the farm
er, who may be a land renter, buys guano,
mules, rations and contracts with the
land lord or pay so much rent, and all
his promises and contracts are based on
the faith he has in the contract with the
negro, who as Mrs. Felton says, is offered
a job at 80c or 31 a day and the negro is
gone. The farmer has fed the negro anti
his family through the winter months and
gone in debt on the faith of his contract
with the negro. Now what becomes of the
farmer? He cannot escape paying the rent
to the landlord. If he does he is guilty
of a crime. He cannot escape his obliga
tion to pay for the mules, guano and ra
tions; all that he has is under mortgage,
perhaps, for it, if not this year it will be
the next. Who comes out free, sleek and
greasy as a tub of lard—not a dollar lost,
but to the contrary he and his family fed
and clothed through the winter months?
The negro that jumps his contract with
the farmer is the answer. What shall we
do to break this up? Put him on the list
of misdemeanors. Make it a crime to de
fraud and cheat the farmers in this way.
If the farmer or the negro on the faith
of these contracts sustains a loss by rea
son of non-compliance on the part of the
other, prosecute him who fails to comply
with the contract. There is rfo more rea
son in prosecuting for failure to pay
rent than to prosecute for failure to de
liver the work under the contract. As
judge of the county court this year I
have had farmers, poor men, with large
families, to appeal to me with tears in
their eyes to aid them with the strong
arm of the law to compel negroes to keep
these farm contracts. The courts are pow
erless to break up this practice on the
part of the negroes unless such a law is
passed.
It may require a constitutional amend
ment. If so, amend it. The time has come
when such a law should be passed—it must
be passed and it will be passed before
the next legislature adjourns.
FRANK Z. CURRY.
Jackson, Ga.
CASTOR IA
For Infanta and Children,
The Kind You Hate Always Bought
Bears the /J?
lignaturn of
Calvin for Commissioner.
Newnan Herald and Advertiser.
An interesting bit of political gossip is
the rumor that Hon. Martin V. Calvin
will be in the race for state school com
missioner. The rumor has not been con
firmed; but, in view of the importunities
that have been made to Mr. Calvin to al
low the use of his name, we shall not be
surprised if he yields to the persuasion of
his friends and allows them to bring him
out. Mr. Calvin has probably attended
more sessions of the general assembly
than any man in Georgia, and has never
allowed an opportunity to pass when he
could advance the cause of public schools.
He was for six years chairman of the
house committee on education, and his
intelligent discussion from time to time of
the needs of the common schools of the
state gave him such prominence as the
champion of popular education that he
has been favorably mentioned many times
as a suitable person to fill the important
office of state school commissioner,
whether he consents to go into this con
test or not, it will be difficult to convince
his numerous friends and admirers
throughout the state that he is not well
qualified for the position.
Roosevelt Ignores the Laws.
New York World.
It is remarkable and highly significant that in
his recent message Mr. Roosevelt generally
Ignores the fict that there are any laws on
the statute books in restraint of trusts and mo
nopolies, and particularly ignores the Sher
man anti-trust law. under which several nota
ble supreme court decisions destructive of 'llle
gal combinations” have been rendered. He
seems, by unavoidable inference, to have
broken with the policy of his party and of
President McKinley, as above enunciated and
as embodied In existing legislation.
The liquor tax yields the best returns to
the government in Russia and the poorest in
Norway.
1 ,1, i iirn v
Dairying and Live Stock ll' t
Conducted By B. W. Hunt
J Readers of the Semi-Weekly t
♦ Journal are invited to send en- ♦
♦ quiries about dairying, live stock ♦
♦ and veterinary matters to B. W. ♦
4 Hunt, Editor of this department, at ♦
4> Eatonton, Ga. No questions an* ♦
4 swered by mall, but careful atten- ♦
4 tlon will be given to Inquiries and ♦
4 answers will be printed in this d»- 4
4 pertinent. ♦
4444444444,44444 1 || | » »!■ 4-444
Immuning Cattle to Tick Fever.
This Is the season when northern bred
cattle should be Inoculated with fever, if
one wishes to be assured against loss
from this southern scourge.
Many short horn, Hereford, and other
pure bred cattle have this fall been
brought into our tick infested territory,
from north of the fever quarantine line.
Many of these cattle, indeed most of
them, will die of fever next summer. If
they shall be inoculated with a mild form
of fever this winter they and their de
scendants will be left to enrich our coun
try, as well as prove a profitable venture
to those who have benefited our section
by bringing this valuable blood south.
To inoculate a suceeptlble animal with
the .fever infected blood of an immune,
is not a task beyond the ability of any
regular physician who will follow direc
tlonA Those having an interest in vet
erinary matters can learn to do the work
successfully by once seeing the operation
performed. The theory is that animals
that have had the fever within a certain
length of time after recovery, carry In
their blood the dormant germ of cattle
fever. The same applies to animals that
have run on tick Infested pastures. These
latter class have developed that resisting
power to disease called Immunity. One
of these animals lately infested with
ticks, or one recovered of fever, is nec
essary for the subject to furnish the
blood to Inoculate.
This cow we must tie securely. Twls£ a
cord about her neck as nearly to the
shoulders as possible. In order to swell out
the jugular vein with blood. This swol
len blood vessel Is then tapped, and as
much blood as needed drawn. This fluid
when freshly caught will work in a veteri
nary surgeon’s hypodermic syringe, with
out defibrinating. The regulation size of
these syringes will hold enough when
two-thirds or three-fourths full to inocu
late two animals. Hence, If one has but
two northern bred cattle to inoculate,
there will arise nq_ necessity of defibrina
tion of the blood.
If one has more than two cattle to oper
ate one, more than one syringe will be
required, or else the blood that has stood
until coagulated will have to be reduced
to a fluid state. Straining through mos
quito netting, two thicknesses of more,,
will accomplish the purpose as well as
any other way I know of dellbrlnatlon.
It is positively necespary that the blood
shall flow freely through the needle of the
syringe. The best to inoculate is
In the folds of the skin under the neck,
near the fore legs, where the skin is both
thin and loose.
Everything used should be antlseptlcal
ly clean. All successful surgery is de
pendent upon this avoidance of introdu
cing undesired disease germs into the
flesh of the patient. For this purpose. I
generally use a weak solution of carbolic
acid, into which rest submerged until
needed all the surgical instruments, nee
dles and even the cloth through which I
shall later strain the blood of the subject.
The instruments required include a glass
barreled veterinary surgeon’s hypoder
mic needle, a fleam, a surgeon’s needle
threaded, all these in a basin of water
carrying, say three per cent of carbolic
acid. The threaded needle is only to take
a stitch over the cut place in the jugular
to stop the flow of blood. I emphasize
the necessity of the hypodermic needle
being of veterinary surgeon’s size, and
glass barreled. These instruments are
generally made of hard rubber, and if one
were used with other than a glasa barrel,
the operator could not see the amount of
blood taken up by the syringe, nor the
amount of the dose injected into the ani
mal. The size of dose has not yet been
proven, as to what amount of blood is best
to inject. I have used from two cubic
centimetres to three and one-half c. c.
In one injection without observing
much, if any, difference in result. A cu
bic centimetre is equal in amount to about
16 drops or say two centimetres equal
to 32 5-10 minims. I try to guage the dose
for a qearling at 2 1-2 cubic centimetres.
Fever has resulted from my injections
of blood showing temperatures between
105 and 106 and running over 106 on the
11th day following inoculation. Red
water has also been observed, but no fa
tal effects so far.
Others using my tested thermometer
have recorded higher temperatures and
still no deaths from fever.
To recapitulate. Now is the time to in
oculate cattle brought from north of the
fever line. One may buy young northern
cattle with assurance of very small loss
by fever after Inoculation, as against
about 70 per cent loss without immunizing.
Any points not clear to the reader re
garding this operation, will be fully an
swered through this department of The
Atlanta Journal.
B. W. HUNT.
Lameness In FooL
I see your valuable paper answers vet
erinary questions.
I have a mule 8 years old I want to ask
advice about. She got lame in forefoot,
limps going down hill and on rocky
ground, limps but little on plowed ground.
There is a small knot on ner foot, just
at the edge of the hair. This lump feels
hard to the touch. Will a gravel stay in
the foot so long? In standing the mule
bears equal weight on all her feet.
The mule has never been strained. I
will thank you for any information.
J. M. T., Andrews, N. C.
Answer: I think our correspondent har
a case of bone excrescence. When the
bones enlarge around the ankle, just at
top of the hoof, the disease is called ring
bone.
The case here described would be called
“side bones,” 1. e. osslfled cartilage at
tached to the sides of the hoof shaped
bones. This bone of the foot is called by
veterinary surgeons “os pedis,” which
means pedistal or foot bone. It forms
the base upon which the structure is built.
When we come to treatment I shall
emphasize the necessity of leveling the
foot, by a blacksmith’s knife, which all
the writers on this subject in England
and America neglect.
I consider leveling more important than
blisters or medicine, mere beneficial than
all other treatments added together.
I do not ask the correspondent to be
lieve In my view, indeed I mention my
diverging estimate of treament from that
of the books so he can, like Artemus
Vvarde's audience, take his choice.
What I mean by leveling a horse’s foot
is to so cut the horn that when an ani
mal stands on a level plank ffoor, that
the front leg will be plumb from any
point-of view. Os course nature has put
the spring of the ankle of the horse tre
ble to relieve the concussion. Elephants
have a cushion in the foot for this effect.
Most careless blacksmiths allow one
side of hose's foot to wear down lower
and shorter than the other side. This
with an animal weighting 1,000 pounds all
of which weight is often put upon a leg
not as large as a man’s leg, which latter
supports 160 pounds.
The wonder is that there are as few
lame horses in servitude.
To effect successful leveling of, a horse’s
feet, I insist on the blacksmith using a
pair of compasses, with which he mutt
measure the distance from the hair to the
bottom of the foot, on each side of the
hoof.
The distance between the hair and the
bottom of the hoof should be the same on
one side of the foot as on the other side,
both measurements a similar distance
from the center. >
Os course the toe is farther from the
caronet than -the heel. This is nature's
shape of the foot necessary to take the
jar of the bones which would otherwise
arise from concussion.
After having leveled the foot you may
paint the side "bones with iodine. I think
keeping a bandage wet about the foot
good treatment as any.
The books prescribe blistering and the
use of actual cautery, and. when these
fail to remove the lameness, the author!- .
ties advise the sewing of the nerve of the
foot.
I do not advise such severs treatment, i
and recommend ffrst, ths leveling of ths .
feet; second, the wet bandage; third, the
painting of the smaller places with iodine. .
B. W. H.
Butter Test of Jersey Cow.
I have just completed a churn test, of
Julia qf Covington, using an old-fashioned
dasher churn. “Julia” gave birth to a
heifer calf October 22nd and eight days '
thereafter was at the point of death with !
milk fever, but recovered. On November '
25th I commenced a seven days’ test. She ;
gave milk, 278 pounds; butter, 14.7 pound*. i
This churn test confirms the Babcock test ,
of last year, when she gave 358 1-3 pounds 1
of 4 1-2 per cent milk In seven days, that ; i
you estimated at 18 82-100 pounds of butter. ;
I thought mavbe you would care to know j
of this is my reason for writing you.
W. J. H.
Covington, Ga.
Answer: Yes, I am glad of the oppop- j
tunity of publishing the fact that Georgia
possesses such cows as Julia of Coving- |
ton. I also like her moderate test, which >
is reasonable and to be expected of suqh '
a cow. In my judgment the big tests re
ported have been a positive damage to the ,
breed of dairy cattle credited with them. .
I have been more or less associated with
cows of several breeds, and have known
many good cows, but never has one of i
these awe-inspiring tests come under my
personal observation.
The sire of Julia of Covington is truly
a great bull, and a credit to his breeders, •
Messrs. Ayer and McKlney, of New York,
the sire of the dam of Julia was that bull |
Foot Fall of Panola, bred by the late
Frederick Bronson, of Connecticut. This
latter bull was an inbred Signal, the form
er a pure St. Lambert, closely inbred to i
Stake Pagis.
Upon this foundation was built the fam- *
lly of Jerseys that became well known as
Panola herd. The mother and grandmoth- t
er of Julia were feeble calves and were
nursed at my farm. When dangerously ill
they were carried to the lawn of the i
dwelling house, where the ladies of ths <
home could observe them. I often doubt
mi the economy of the altruistic spirit of •
the ladles, who saved the life of many a ,
sick calf. Now, however, I am glad that
Georgia is enriched by the possession of
this blood.
Many great cows have fallen to the own
ership of people Ignorant of their prizes.
I am pleased that these butter tests are
being made. There is no other way to i
measure the quality of domestic animals
but to test them. B. W. H.
EXPOSURE TO WET,
dampness and cold, invariably results In a
sudden chill, which if not attended t»
dlatelv will cause a cold. By mixing a *ea»
spoonful of Perry Davis’ P** n * t ’*J ,r *£ { *
glass of warm water or milk, the whole ays I
tern will be heated and the danger of cold ,
avoided. Avoid substitutes, there is but one
Painkiller, Pewr Davis’. Price 25c. and 64a.
VALUABLE
New Year** Gift
One could not present to his son c»
daughter a more profitable New Year’s ■
gift than a scholarship in one of Draugh- I
on’s Practical Business colleges, Atlant*.
Nashville. St. Louis, Montgomery, Gal- I
veston, Fort Worth, Little Rock and ,
Shreveport. These institutions give * su- .
perior course tit Instructions, and have
special facilities for securing positions.
Students who take Prof. Draughon's guar
antee course are allowed to deposit money
for tuition in bank till position Is secured.
His colleges are indorsed by business men
from Maine to California. Professor J. F.
Draughon, president of these institution*
is author of four textbooks on bookkeep
ing. Call at the college office or write for
catalogue before entering elsewhere.
Our latest offer, the Youth’s Compan- ’
ion and the Semi-Weekly Journal both
one year for only $2.50.
OSUMMffII
ELECTRIC h wacoh
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sisSri’K: Hrsa?ssl. w ““»« kskssi
from Hi, « m. 1* tam m
I CURE BLOOD POISON
I have studied and treated blood poison for
twenty years. My original method of treat
ment has proven successful in some of ths
worst cases on record. My treatment Is thcr- > S
ough and cures the diseases to stay cured.
Write me fully about your case. J. Newton
Hathaway, M.D., 38 Inman Bldg., Atlanta, Ga.
ONE
CENT
For ten sample copies ot ma
Semi-Weekly Journal. Write
the names of ten of your neigh
bors on a postal card, mail to
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The Journal,
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