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^rl CENTURY MANUFACTURING CO.. Dept 893 East St. Louis,III.
1\V7 or Dept. 993 200 Filth Ave., New York City.
THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA„ FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1913.
THE GREAT BENEFIT OF ,
THE DAIRY TO THE FARM ;
Does Not Consist Simply of
Selling Milk-ls Great Fac
tor in Building Up Soil
—v
Whether the cow is a soil-builder or
not depends upon what is done with
the products and t by-products. If but
ter is made and sold, all the milk used
cn the farm as feed for pigs, calves
and poultry* and. their manure used on
the soil, we can rapidly build up th 3
soil fertility.
If milk is all sold, the cow’s manure
piled under the eves, the rapidity with
which she builds up the soil will not
dazzle anyone. We must take care of
and make intelligent use of all by-prod
ucts. The 'average dairy cow will re
turn 18 pounds of digestable dry mat
ter, good for human food for eV'ery 100"
pounds of digestible dry matter in her
ration, if judgment is used in feeding.
She has proved herself several pounds
ithead of the hog in this business, and
because the cow doesn’t always d^ this,
don’t blame'Trer, but investigate the feed
—and the feeder.
A knowledge of feeding standards and
how to compile a balanced ration is a
great help, although the art of success
fully feeding dairy cows can only be
learned by experience and study. A
cow has her likes and dislikes, indi
vidually, and for best results these have
to be taken into consideration. She
is the final judge of the ration’s real
efficiency and utility.
The most essential element in the ra
tion is protein, and the question of how
best and how cheapest to get this is
every dairyman’s problem. Alfalfa hay
and cowpeas may be successfully grown
in almost every state and a ton of good
alfalfa hay or cow pea hay can- be pro
duced at from $3 to $5. What can
may be produced for from $18 to $24
per ton; and they are practically equal
in feeding value. The lesson is plain—-
grow your protein-in the shape of cow-
peas or alfalfa. A poor cow had bet
ter be sold. It will not pay to feed
her; but it does pay—decidedly—to feed
a good cow with a generous hand. Pro
duce gilt-edge products, th$n work up a
private trade, wherever practicable; it
will increase the profits enough to more
than overbalance the extra work and
time. Watch the corners closely. Lit
tle leaks are the worst. Comfortable
stock means profitable stock. No other
stock responds more quickly to comfort
than dairy cattle. # Sleek, contented,
cud-chewing cattle Took nice in any lot,
more than this, they feel and act nicely;
also they are a profitable source of in
come just so long as they are kept in
this condition. Finally, I would add, do
not neglect the watering.
■TO IMPROVE
THE POOR L
An Interesting Letter on Soil
Fertility, From H, C, Pope,
of Sarcox-ie, Mo,
BY H. C. POPE.
Either we or those that have gone
before us have depleted the soil of
the elements which are essential to the
production of profitable crops, and now
we* are unable to make a living on it.
The question is what can be done? But
before looking for the remedy let us
look into the situation a little and see
what was in the soil and how it got
away. Then let us figure how to get it
track.
* Let us take the plant and see what
it is made of any where it came from.
The idea, with many is that the entire
plant was taken from the soil, for in
stance, that t^e plant obtained all of its
food from the soil the same as an ani
mal obtains its food from plants. Let
us take a plant and burn it. You say
that it burns up, and leaves a small
pile of ashes. Now then if the plant
was made entirely from the soil don’t
you see that you would be burning soil.
The fact of the matter is that that
portion which was burned was taken
from the air as carbondioxide. That
which remained as ashes was taken front
the soil, and is now practically nothing
but soil or earth. Only a very small
per cent of the plant is ash, and it va
ries with different plants, as well as
with different parts of the -plant.
In a very elementary way we have
looked into the physiological makeup
of the plant; but now let us look into
the matter a little further and^ see
what elements entered into that portion
which burned and that which remained
(the ash.”
Every leaf of the plant is a manufac
turing plant which by the aid of the
sunlight takes the carbondioxide from
the air and by the addition of water
converts it into starch. From the
starch, sugars, oils, crude fiber and pro-
teids are manufactured. The starch, su
gars, oils, and crude fiber are practical
ly the same in their chemical structure.
Their three constituents are carmon,
hydrogen and axygen only arranged in
different proportions to form the differ-
ferent products. The proteids differ
somewhat from the foregoing in that
they always contain nitrogen and usual
ly sonie sulphur.
In the ash we find the following ele-
GET IITEI GENT 1
BOX OF GASGARETS
To be Certain of Your Crop
be Sure of Your Fertilizer
N EXT in importance to thoroughbred seed and proper
cultivation, comes the fertilizer. The right fertilizer,
mixed in the right way, composed of the right constit
uents, under the right formula for your particular crop is abso'
lutely essential to the largest possible crop production and
biggest profits.
ROYSTER FERTILIZERS
Founded on MERIT—Based on QUALITY are backed
by a reputation worth hundreds of thousands of dollars which
would be extensively damaged if a single lot of fertilizers of
inferior quality were put out under the Royster Brand. The
fact that more farmers use Royster Brands than any other
one independent brand and that eight large plants in six states
barely fill the demand, is pretty strong evidence that Royster
Fertilizers are right in every respect.
Insist upon goods bearing F. S. R.
Trade Mark. Name of nearest
dealer on request.
Insures you for months
against Headache, Bilious
ness, Constipation or a
Bad Stomach
Put aside—just once—the Salts, Ca
thartic Pills, Castor Oils of purgative
waters which merely force a passage
way through the bowels, but do not
thoroughly cleanse, freshen and purify
these drainage or alimentary organs,
and have no effect whatever upon the
liver and stomach.
Keep your inside organs pure and
fresh with Cascarets, which thoroughly
cleanse the stomach, remove the undi
gested, sour and fermenting food and
foul gases, take the excess bile from
the liver and carry out of the system
all the constipated waste matter and
poisons in the intestines and bowels.
A Cascaret tonight will make you feel
great by morning. They work while you
sleep—never gripe, sicken and cost only
10 cents a box from your druggist. Mil
lions of men and women take a Cas
caret now and then and never have
Headache, Biliousness, coated tongue, In
digestion, Sour Stomach or Constipated
bowels. Cascarets belong in every
household. Children just love to take
them.—( (Advt.)
TRADE HARK
-f&fc
REGISTERED
F. S. ROYSTER GUANO CO.
NORFOLK, VA.
Repeating Shotguns
Trap shooting brings out the shooting qualities 6f a gun
as nothing else. Winchester Repeating Shotguns last year
won both the Professional and Amateur Season’s averages.
This shows they are reliable in action and close, hard
shooters. These qualities make them excellent for bird
shooting, especially for the quick, fast flyers. Winchester
guns are well built and finished and will give good, service
for years. Tbpy are simple in construction and operation
and made to separate readily into two parts without
tools.- Sold by dealers everywhere at a moderate price.
. Send postal for complete illustrated catalog.
Winchester Repeating Arms Co.,, New Haven, Conn.
EASY
PAYMENTS
of material
out ail middlemen’s
ALL VEHICLES
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'or Catalog.
993 East St. Louis,III.
New York City.
3YEAR GUARANTEE
ments: Iron, sulphur, magnesium, so
dium, caicium, potassium and phos
phorus. Also a few others of non-essen
tial importance. All of these are taken
from the soil, but with all of them
We are not concerned.
The nitrogen which is found in the
proteids is taken from the soil by
the plant, but it originally came from
the air. It being stored in the osil by
certain bacteria which have the power
of taking free nitrogen from the air.
This nitrogen is again liberated into the
air when the plant is burned, or per
mitted to slowly qxidize by weathering.
The same is true of the starch, sugars,
oil, and crude fiber when burned or
oxidized, being again converted into
carbondioxide.
The three elements which concern us
in soil fertility are phosphorus, nitro
gen and potassium. Due to our meth
ods of forming these elements have been
removed in two ways: By the careless
washing of our soils, and by being car
ried away by crops and animals which
have been sold from the place. This
process became so-low in fertility that
it no longer produces profitable crops.
Don’t try to replace these elements
without knowing what you are doin„
for you are almost sure to waste your
money. It has universally been
taught that phosphorus, nitrogen and
potassium are the three elements lack
ing in our soils. In some sections this
is true, In others it is not. In many
soils only the phosphorus and nitro
gen are lacking, and in some soils only
nitrogen. In poor soils it is usually
safe to say that the phosphorus and ni
trogen content is low, but it cannot be
said of the potassium. In the sand
soils of the east and south potassium
is lacking as well as phosphorus and
nitrogen. Many of the poor soils are
clay soils and usually where there is
clay there is an abundance of potas
sium. There are two ways to find
out about the potassium content. One
is to consult your state agriculturist
as to the amount of patassium in your
section. The other is to lay off two
plots, fertilize the one with potassium
and leave the o(her as a control. If
the potassium is’lacking there will be
a marked influence on the growth of
the plants on the fertilized plot. A
similar test can also be made with the
phosphate fertilizer.
Before discussing the best methods
of how to restore these three elements
there is one other factor which should
first be considered—the humus. Humus
is organic matter reduced by oxidation
to much the same state as charcoal.
It is this finely divided substance
which gives the soil its black color,
and which makes it loose and mellow.
Thj humus also has a great affinity
for water, thus causing the soil to re
tain more moisture. It also causes the
soil to warm up faster, because of the
Loosewess of the soil which permits
the excess of water to run away faster.
Besides th)s the black color which the
humus gvies to the soil causes ti to
absorb more heat from the sun.
The four important factors of toil
fertility and phosphorups, nitrogen, po-
.tassuim and Bumus. Should you find
that your soil is lacking in phosphorus,
nitrogen-and potassium, don’t buy com
plete fertilizers if you intend to build
up your soil. This kind of fertilizer
usually leaves the soil in a worse con
dition than what it was in the start.
This is because t£e humus content is
neglected.
Suppose that your soil is a clay soil
and that there is an abundance of po
tassium in it, fi you buy a complete
fertilizer the money for the potassium
is only wasted. Yet this very thing is
done by thousands of farmers and
thousands of dollars ar© thrown away
for the potassium fertilizer.
In buying phosphate fertilizers 1f
you intend to build up your soil, don’t
buy the readily available kinds. Their
effects only last for one season. For
more and lasting effects the best fer
tilizer is raw rock phosphate or nat
ural phosphate. This fertilizer is ob
tained from a rock which is high In
phosphate and which is ground into a
fine powder. The important mines are
in Tennessee, South Carolina and Flor
ida. This fertilizer becomes available
very slowly and its effects extend over
a period of several years. By plowing
it under with a green crop, preferably
cowpeas or clover, it becomes available
much faster. The organic acids which
are produced from the green vegetation
breaks down the rock and puts the
phosphorus in an available form. The
raw rock should be used at the rate of
a half ton or more per acre.
No farmer who is figuring on per
manent agriculture should waste his
money in buying nitrogen. The air in
which he lives is full of it. All that
is needed to get hold of it is to grow
legumes. Th e two best crops for this
purpose are cowpeas and clover. These
crops take the free nitrogen from the
air, indirectly, by means of certain
bacteria which ar e fastened on their
roots. Now, let us not make the mis
take in thinking that if we leave noth
ing but the roots in the ground that
we are storing up nitrogen. Let us take
the cowpea, for example. Two-thirds
of the nitrogen is in the stalk above
the ground, the other remaining third
is in 'the root. Two-thirds of the ni
trogen was taken directly from the air
by the organisms on the roots of the
plants; one-third was taken from the
soil. It is now clearly seen that if the
top is removed that there is no nitro
gen stored in the soil. Moreover, this
is not all, for with this crop you ore
removing a considerable amount of
phosphorus. The thing to do is to
plow the crop' under and while it is yet
green and you. have added two things
to your soil, nitrogen and humus.
If your soil is lacking in potassium,
the best commercial fertilizer that can
be had is muriate of potash. Wood ashes
are also excellent, but the supply is
rather limited.
Manure is one of the best fertilizers
and should never he wasted. It should
never be permitted to be rained on or
piled out and exposed to the air. As soon
as it i* anraad on the field It «hV»,.is
SPRING PLANTED ALFALFA
A GREAT many people have
been equally successful with
spriiig planted alfalfa as they
have with that planted In the fall
and some even more so, especially
where the ground was prepared
last fallW during the winter and.
was In proper condition to make it
grow successfully. I firmly believe
that alfalfa will do more to help
Georgia and the Georgia farmer on
the road to success quicker than
any one crop that can be planted.
Therefore, I con not help but ad
vocate the planting of this wonder
ful crop and get it doing well over
the state as quickly as possible. It
has made Texas, Kansas, Alabama
and many, other states rich in the
sections wiere It has been grown.
It will do the same thing for Geor
gia the people will learn the con
ditions and plant it properly and
give the time and attention to it
that it should have, as it will grow
equally as well, if not better, most
anywhere in the state of Georgia,
where conditions are made favor
able, which can be done as it will
in any other state.
Any piece of good land that was in peas last season and has been
thoroughly broken during fall or early winter is now ready to prepare
for alfalfa. By applying one to three tons of lime per acre, cut it in with
a disk harrow and then broadcast one-half ton of commercial fertilizer
per acre composed of 600 pounds of acid phosphate, 100 pounds of potash
and 300 pounds of cotton seed meal. This should be disked id the soil
and a fine seed bed made with disk and tooth harrow. Do not use a
plow as the harrow will make the seed bed sufficiently deep and does
not disturb the moisture that has already accumulated in the soil that
was plowed deeply several months before planting. v
When the fine seed jjed has been made at least fifty pounds of seed
(?er acre should be sown two ways, and a tooth harrow follow the sowing
of seed each way. The seed should he treated* ith Farmo Germ to thor
oughly inoculate them. One bottle of Farmo Germ, which can be had of
any seed dealer, will inoculate seed enough for one acre. Alfalfa will not
start properly and do well if you leave off any of the ehings mentioned
above.
One of the great troubles in growing alfalfa is the growth of crab
grass and weeds, which come from two causes. When green manure is
used on land it makes a growth of weedr and grass, and it is best to
plant land that has not been freshly manured for at least twelve months
before planting with barnyard manure. Another thing, which has really
been the cause of many failures in planting alfalfa where land has been
deeply plowed previous to planting, turns up and will cause to germinate
the tremendous growth of weeds and grass that nature has supplied to all
soils, and deep plowing makes it possibly for these seed to germinate and
often it will choke the alfalfa out before it gets a good start. This is
one important reason why ground should be broken deeply several months
before planting the seed. Another thing, it enables the ground to still
pack together and fill up with moisture, which these plants must have
to get started properly. /
The dynamiting of land has been a discovery of feubsoiling and doing
the work more perfectly than any plow can do it and avoid turning up
the seed of both weeds and grass that have been so detrimental to the
successful'starting of alfalfa. With several plots that I have seen planted
it shows a big difference and shows that it is really the proper way to
prepare land for the successful growing of alfalfa, but the dynamiting
should be done during summer or early fall when it is dry, and not at
this season of the year while the clay is filled with water, as it will
do more harm than good if the land
is wet. .
Yours Very .truly,
(To be Continued.)
Feed Your Cotton
What It Needs
And feed it properly. That’s the only way to get big
yields and large profits. Apply
. Y irginia-Car olina
High-Grade
Fertilizers
liberally before planting. Also make, during cultivation,’
second and third applications of V.-C. Fertilizers, and
you can be sure of results if your farming methods have
been proper. Our 1913 FARMERS’ YEAR BOOK or
almanac tells you how to get more than a bale to the
acre. It’s free.
IW^^^BWiVirginia-Carolina
Chemical Co.
Box 1117
RICHMOND
IB
VIRGINIA
The World’s Leading Farm Explosive
Red Cross 20 % is not the same kind of dynamite used in ore
v mining, tunnel work, etc., but a grade especially adapted to use on
the farm. Its freezing point is much lower than that of ordinary
dynamite, hence it requires none of dangerous thawing if the weather
is warm enough to melt ice. It is exploded with difficulty, hence
is the safest high explosive made. It is much cheaper than ordinary *
nitroglycerin dynamite.
Write for Farmers' Handbook No. 386 , and name of nearest
dealer or blaster.
Du Pont Powder Co.,
Pioneer Powder Makers of America
Wilmington, Delaware
Established 1802
be plowed under. If it is exposed to the
air and sun much of the nitrogen will
escape into* the air. If it is rained on,
still a greater part off the strength
will 'bfe lost. If plowed under at once
there will be nothing- lost. As it is im
possible to get enough manure to build
up very much of our soil we have to
use other methods.
Another thing of much importance
when building up a soil and in keeping
it in shape after it is in good fertility
is to sell off only ^uch crops or sub
stances which contain little or no min
eral matter. Let 'us not forget that
starch, sugars, oils { and crude fiber
contain no mineral matter. Of course,
the farmer can not just always sell
those things which contain no elements
from the soil; but he can make it a
rule to grow and sell only those things
which contain the smallest amount of
soil elements. For example, corn is very
rich in starch and oils and low in
protein. This means that the nitrogen
and phosphate contained is olw. By grow
ing cowpeas in the corn after the last
cultiavtion and plowing them under with
the stalks the soil becomes richer each
year in nitrogen and humus. Also larger
crops of corn can be grown each year,
and at the same time your soil is becom
ing better all the time.
With the cotton crop the fiber is prac
tically all from the air. The oil of the
seed is also from the air; but the cot
ton seed meal is high in nitrogen and
phosphates and should not be sold from
tlie place. It should be fed back to
dairy cattle. Here again you sell the
butt4r and cream. Butter fat contains
no ash, so you are getting a product
but of your cotton seed meal tha't con
tains no nitrogen or mineral matter. The
manure from the cow s must be plowed
under.
In 1,000 pounds of timothy there is
only one pound of phosphorus. In 1,-
000 pounds of wheat (grain) there is 3.4
pounds of phosphorus. In 1,000 pounds
of wheat straw there is 1 pound of
phosphorus. In 1,000 pounds of corn
meal there is 65 pounds of phosphorus.
In building up soils it stands to reason
that such crops that-remove the small
est amounts of mineral matter .should
be grown. One of the worst things that
can be done is to grow animals for the
market.
Fried Potatoes
“Cottolene” style
Did you ever eat French Fried
Potatoes made With Cottolene?
If not, you’ve never eaten French
Fried Potatoes at their best
Cottolene makes them rich and
crisp and appetizing, but never
greasy.
If you have been frying and
shortening your food with butter,
try Cottolene. It is every bit as
good, at less than one-third the
price.
If you are using lard for short
ening and frying, we would sim-1
ply suggest that Cottolene is!
recognized and recommended by i
leading physicians, domestic
science authorities, and culi
nary experts generally, as be
ing more whole
some, digestible
and producing
a better food.
Cottolene is a
vegetable pro
duct-pure in
source and
making—and is
bound to be bet
ter and safer
than lard.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY
F. B. Rainey’s 4^ Acre Bean Field at Wauchula,
Florida, netted $1,450, or $322.22 per acre.
The same combination soil produced the thriv
ing orange grove in the background.
Southern farmers, truck growers and men who
^are interested in citrus fruit culture are turn
ing to Wauchula, Florida—many of them are
here now or on tne way—they’re studying
records such as that of Mr. Rainey’s. They’re
reading the proved results as shown by settlers’
letters in our literature.
What impresses them most is the large num
ber of successful groves here. Mr. F. B.
Rainey’s experience is not at all unusual.
Southerners see that Wauchula really has the
soil that grows vegetables just as well as grape
fruit. You know Southern conditions—you can
easily see how you can make vegetables sup
port you and pay for your land until your grove
of grape fruit and orange trees comes into
bearing.
Some men here plant part of their tract to
vegetables and put out trees on the rest.
Others grow vegetables between the rows of
trees. One man paid for his land with his
first crop of vegetables. And as for grape
fruit and oranges, the proved returns run from
$3,000 to $8,000 and even $10,(K)0 a year.
We can’t go into all details here. We do
say come down here and we’ll show you the
g°ods. Get our literature first and read what
men here have done and are doing right now in
Wauchula—not one, two or a dozen, but scores
of happy, prosperous men who arc earning more
for themselves and their families more than
ever before.
Don’t get the idea this is a wilderness. You’ll
find numberless groves dotted over every part
of this section. And as for general prosperity
—why, four banks in Wauchula and the neigh
boring towns of Zolfo and Bowling Green have
total bank deposits of $500,000.
Wauchula has 1,500 inhabitants—churches, an
up-to-date schdol system, lodges, well-equipped
and stocked stores. It’s a healthy place—good
climate*—finest water you’ll find any place.
Hunting and fishing nearby. We’d like to have
you talk to the men here—get their opinions.
Grape Fruit and Orange Growers at
WAUCHULA, FLORIDA
Will Tell You Their Incomes are
$3,000, $5,000, $8,000 a Year
You don’t need to be told what oranges and
grape fruit will earn for you when conditions
arfe right—and they certainly are perfect at
Wauchula.
The proof’s in the groves and the incomes.
When you see men putting out more trees right
along you know that they must be convinced,
you know they must be successful. They stay
in Wauchula because tney can’t equal their in
comes elsewnere.
What we say here you can verify by a trip
to Wauchula. We have nothing to conceal. The
more you investigate the better we like it,
because the more certain you are to buy.
Due man came down here and wouldn’t take
our word for anything that he couldn’t see with
his own eyes. He went over his tract with a
post hole auger and took soil samples. What
he saui of the richness and depth of the soil
decided him in a nurry. He bought. So will
you—especially when you learn that
SOUTHERN BANKERS GUARANTEE
That you’ll be satisfied—and that if you aren’t
you’ll get your money back with 6 per cent
interest. That’s a simple, straightforward, fair
and square business proposition. And a sfcnall
payment down and a dollar a month per acre
pays for the land.
Don’t forget that tnis company is composed
of southerners whose records stand the closest
scrutiny. The treasurer is Mr. Eugene Holt-
WRITE NOW
inger, a native of Eastern Tennessee, anJ 1 . for
years a citizen yf Florida. He is President of
the Florida Citrus Exchange.
Our secretary, Mr. A. G. Smith,^is a native
of Alabama, and our Vice President. Mr. A.
Carlton, is a native Floridian, born and raised
in the state. v
You certainly should investigate an offer from
such men.
Get the literature on Wauchula—interesting, beautifully illustrated,
TRUE. Read about the 28.000-mile trip that resulted in the
discovery of this tract. Get the facts and f igures. We’ll tell you about everything—mod
erate prices—easy terms—guarantee by bankers. We hold back no information. Now write.
Just a letter or a postal. Address
Wauchula Development Company
Box 3502. WAUCHULA, FLA.
Write at once or call on Cliff W. Ansley, Gen.
Agent, 221 Atlanta National Bank Bldg., Atlanta.
J J J f ^