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FARM AND HOUSE.
MATTERS OP INTEREST TO PAR
MER AND HOUSEWIPE.
Peed Judiciously.
If there is a time for economy in forage
end grain for stock, it is when the barns
ere full. So many farmers think they
have plenty on hnnd there is no necessity
for saving, and therefore they feed it
with lavish waste. The northern far-
mars coming here are frequently heard to
say they could keep their stock on our
waste. The charge is justified by obser
vation and experience. The best way to
avoid that charge is for the farmer to at
tend to his stock at fi nding time, nnd
see that they have no more given to them
thnn they can readily eat up clean. Go
into the stalls of the average farmer, and
it. will be scon that hay is littered knee-
deep on the floor, trod on, and defiled
ao stock will not touch it. If only
enough was given, nnd the mnnger is
properly guarded by straps across to pre
vent pulling out, this would not happen.
Again, it is ncommon sight to see bits of
cars of corn, partially eaten and slobbered
over, so it is unlit for eating.— Nashville
Spirit of thr Farm.
'Management of Heavy Hod Land
The popular idea ubout an old sod is
that it is necessarily rich. If the old sod
is subject to overflow, or hus not been so
heavily pastured as to prevent it from
thickening up, this estimate of fertility
may prove correct. But any one who
expects immediate results from it will
very probably lie disappointed. It is
only the most enduring grasses that sur
vive in an old pasture, und when the field
is plowed there ensues a struggle for life
that baffles the best efforts of the farmer
to repress. The common blue grass is
first cousin to quack, nnd though it be
turned to tho bottom of tho furrow, its
thread-like roots will send up shoots to
the surface, nnd unless vigorously culti
vated the Bold will soon be as green ns
before plowing.
Wherever possible, an old sod should
be plowed in tho fall, so that part of the
decomposition of its roots may occur in
winter while they are dormant. The
heavy soil turned up will bo worked by
frost iuto_ flue tilth by springtime.
And if it has been done in the
fall there is a further advantage
in top-dressing with manure, which will
thus fertilise tho seed bed instead of
being buried at tho bottom of the fur
row. There is no danger that this oxtra
surface fertility will make gross roots
moro vigorously. The surface sown weeds
will indeed bo stronger for it, but they
arc easily kept down. The decomposing
manure will furnish heat and help to rot
tho sod more quickly than it otherwise
would.
Two years of thorough cultivation will
bo needed to subdue a tough Bod so ns to
fit it for seeding with clover. And under
most circumstances such land should not
be kopt under cultivation more than two
years without seeding. In killing out old
grass roots in u heavy sod a great amount
of plant food is made available, und this
will bo wnsted by washing of rains and
snows if clovor is not sown to retain it.
Near cities land may bo too valuable to
seed to clover every two or three years,
but this is not the location whore old sod
land is generally found. No matter how
high the price of land, an occasional re
seeding with clover and grass will restore
fertility as nothing else will.—Boston
Cultivator.
They are worth more to you than any one
else, so long as you ore not overstocked.
Do not be tempted Into keeping more
sheep thnn you have first-class arrange,
ments for keeping—food and other neces
sary accomodations.,
Do not keep different breeds of sheep
together. The conditions best suited to
some arc not the best for others,and when
mixed the result will bo thnt all will
coino short of their highest possible re
sults.
Do not ubandon sheep husbandry be
cause prices arc temporarily unsatisfac
tory, or be in a hurry to expand your
business when a “boom" sets in. Wool
and mutton, like everything else, will
vary in price, and the changes in price
will come faster than any man can change
his business without sacrifice.—Ohio
Fanners' Journal.
Successful Sheep tliiNhundrv.
Tho knowledge necessary for success
ful sheep husbandry is of a twofold char
acter. The successful manager of a flock
of sheep must know what to do, and
when and how to do it, As the success
ful pilot must have knowledge not alone
of tiic deep and smooth waters of the
route his vessel is to traverse, but us well
must know the location of tho hidden
rocks and sliouls to be avoided, so must
the shepherd know the course in his busi
ness that is free from obstructions, and
which will, under ordinary conditions, in
sure successful results.
First of all, have your mind thoroughly
made up ns to what particular phase of
industry you propose to coniine your
efforts. In renching this conclusion, one
will need to take into account the amount
of capitul invested, the kind and number
of sheep he will begin with, and the lim
its to which capital und surroundings cir
cumscribe him. If the owner of land,
one can “take chances "from which
the mere leaseholder is barred. A large
proportion of the failures among men
making sheep husbandry their lending
business, have resulted from indebtedness
incurred for sheep and lands, with the
expectation that profits would soon wipe
out both principal and interest. At any
time than when a “boom” is on, more
money will be made from a small, well-
selected flock that has been paid for, than
from a larger one from which the first
returns belong to the creditor.
When you buy a sheep for breeding
purposes be sure that it is better than the
best in your own flock in blood and
Recipes.
Eoo Rolls.—Two cups of sweet milk,
two eggs, one-fourth teuspoonful of suit,
three and one-half cups sifted flour,
one teaspoonful baking powder. Mako
in batter und bake in gem pans.
Jumbi.es.—Very nice. two cups
sugar, two-thirds cup butter, two-thirds
cup milk, two-thirds teaspoon soda, two
eggs, nutmeg. Stir together the flour,
butter and sugar; dissolve soda und put
in the milk, then add the beaten eggs.
Dumplings.—Scrape two ounecsof fine
beef suet very thin, mix it with four
ounces of. flour, a pinch of salt, and
water to mako a stiff paste. Flour
your hands, and roll the paste into balls
about tho size of a florin; havo ready a
stew pun half tilled with boiling water
slightly salted; drop in tho dumplings
and then let boil fast for twenty minutes.
Take them up with a fish-slice, and put
them on tho dish with tho carrots. If
preferred, these dumplings may be mado
of drippings of butter in the proportion
of two ounces of the fat to five ounces of
flour. A small pinch of sago and pep
per can, if liked, be used as flavor
ing for tho dumplings.
Chicken Pin.—Cut up two small
chickens nnd put them in a saucepan with
one-quarter of a pound of salt pork cut
in tlun slices, adding suit and pepper.
Cover with water and simmer until done;
tlion set aside until cold. Make a pasto
of one quart of flour, with which is
mixed two teaspoonsfuls of baking pow
der, two large tablcspoonsful of clarified
beef drippings or butter, half a tcaspoon-
ful of salt nnd half a teacupful of granu
lated sugnr. Mix together and moisten
with sweet milk until a soft dough is
formed. Roll out half the dough nnd
line a well-buttorcd tin pan with it.
Fill with the chicken und broth, adding
a tablespoonful of butter. Set an inverted
cup in the centre, roll out the other half
of tho paste and cover over tho pie with
it. Mukc a large incision in the middle
of the puste and press the sides of the
upper and lower crust well together. If
all the broth bo not used at first, add
through the opening during the baking.
The pie should lie baked in a moderate
oven.
Proofs and Prints.
Thcre-aro various kinds of proofs and
prints of engravings and etchings, rules
for distinguishing which one ought to
know:
“Remark proofs” (“remark,” from
French rcmnrque) are the first impres- I
sions from tho plate, nnd are tho most I
costly. Fifty copies are usually made.
Thoy are printed with the utmost care; !
every copy is closely examined, and if a j
flaw is discovered even in a single line,
it is destroyed. The “remark proof" al
ways has an emblem, chosen according
to the artist’s fancy, engraved upon tho
margin of the plate.
After the remark proofs are made, the
remnrk is rubbed off the plate, und tho
“artist’s proofs" are taken. These usual
ly humber two hundred. Like the re
mark proofs, they are executed with the
most painstaking care; but they, of
course, lack the value of the mark which
stamps the first impressions of an en
graving as cherished rarities. Tho “ar
tist’s proof” is marked at the bottom with
the name of the painter and the engraver,
or etchor.
The “proofs before letters” are printed
immediately after the artist’s proofs.
They usually consist of 100 copies. They
are never signed by artist or engraver,but
have their names engraved on the right
and left-hand corners of the plate re
spectively in small letters. They also
havo the publisher's mark and address
on the bottom.
“India prints” aro the most desirable
after the artist's proofs and proofs be
fore letters. They have the title en- j
graved upon them, as well as the artist's
and engraver’s names and the publisher’s :
marks. The edition is not limited in ;
number. Their superiority to ordinary
prints is due to the better quality of tho
impression produced by the India paper,
while they lack tho choiceness and conse
quent rarity of the preceding grades.
“Plain prints” are impressions on
linen paper. They havo all the marks
and letters of India prints,nnd are printed
with equal care. The paper, however,
renders them of less value than the India
■ions, because the quality of the
ov.>i in Mini u»u iiuck m moon aim i . . : V.
physical development; and when you I J m pr(' <M °ns, because the quality <
have bought it. see that it is eared for ! nUel ' l ,i ‘P 0 , r cnhm,ces tho Ueautv while it
like any valuable niece of nronertv Good uiereas'e.s the cost of the proof.
like any valuable piece of property. Good
live stock, like good clothes, cannot be
exposed to al! kinds of hardship with
out showing the effects of such harsh
treatment.
Take off tho wool as soon ns the
weather scents settled and warm enough
to admit of it with safetv to tho sheen,
and put the fleeces in such order luuV’iiuT
buyer will readily give you the top price
for wools of similar grade.
Breed so as to have every lamb mi im
provement upon the average stundni'd of
the flock, and sell ns soon as they can be
made ready all that come below such
■standard. When the time conies for
selling animals of any age do the select
ing yourself—always keeping the best.
1 proof.
Perils of Lake Navigation.
Commander Bartlett, U. S. N., lias ex
pressed his belief that at least half the
vessels lost last season on the lakes
might have been saved by the judicious
v-y I v,.* r f, ,
oil won’t give a ship sea-room or keep a
sharp rock from piercing a ship’s bot
tom. The fact ik, a good many expedi
ents that can be worked to advantage in
navigating the high seas are quite im
practicable on the lakes on account of
limited sea-room. It is said that there
are more vessels lost on the great lakes
annually than on any two oceans.—Bos-
ton Commercial Advertiser.
ODD OCCUPATIONS.
HOW SOME PEOPLE LIVE IN THE
GREAT MiaillOPOLIS.
The Cat-Meat man—Second-Hand
Dinner*—The 7* Butt-Picker
Artists In (pap — Making
Woode4 Shoes.
In the big warehouses where mer
chandise is stored i hich the rodent finds
particularly toothsc me there is generally
kept a perfect battalion of cats. Of
course the rats, tho igh numerous, are not
always attainable by Pussy, and other
provender must b« served her; and in
doing this several men are now engaged
who make a fair litelihoed. Their trans
actions, in some instances, are carried on
on a scale lnrge crfiugh to warrant their
bringing their edibles about in a cart.
And when some of these catmeat men ap
pear in a big commission warehouse one
would fancy that the “Pied Piper of
Ilamelin” had come out of the mountain
agnin and was atoning to the rats he be
guiled to destruction by serving their
uneient enemies the same trick. A swarm
of cats troop after him from every corner,
and amid such a mewing and purring as
can hardly be conceived the diet of the
day is served out to them. It is generally
cheap beef or horseflesh, and although
inferior in quality to the toothsome mor
sels that regale the favored pussies of
many a household, it is said to be far
better than the fake which is dealt out by
tho “catmeat” man” of London, who is a
regular and familiar personage of the
English metropolis.
There is another character in some
neighborhoods of whom the community
at large knows nothing. He rejoices in
tho name of “the morning caller,” and is
generally u needy old man, although in
both age and condition he varies. The
“morning caller” is a sort of human
nlarm clock and his Services are generally
engaged by bartenders, grocery clerks
Bnrl men who have to “open early.” From
the “wee smu’ hours” ho is abroad, slip
ping from house to house and from room
to room, tapping upon doors and halloo
ing in hallways. He has all kinds of
weather to face and is often very ill pro
vided for his journey. But he generally
staggers about, his route faithfully; for,
poor creature, he knows that neglect of
liis duties means the imperiling of his
customers’ positions and the loss of the
few dimes on which he depends for ex
istence. Some “morning callers” live
with their families in tho poorer districts
and depond upon their own wakefulness
or the care of watchful spouses to insure
certuinty in the discharge of their duties.
But many of them prefer to spend the
lato hours of the night nnd tho early ones
of the morning in some of tho “all night"
bar-rooms, whence they feel positive
they will be despatched on their mission
at a timely hour, although frequently in
a condition ill adapted to insure a ful
filment af their duties.
The immense business of the big
hotels and the amount of refuse turned
out of them have been the cause of the
institution of a new trade. It is that of
“broken food collector.” There is a
shorter and more pointed term applied to
the class by those who deal with them.
But this appellation best expresses their
business. It may not be generally known,
nor may it be appetizing to persons who
livo at some of the very cheap restaurants
about town, that part of the provender
served has already made its appearance in
far more delectable quarters. But such
is the case. Chops and steaks and even
other edibles which have occupiod the
plates of diners in high-toned hotels and
have only been nibbled are turned out
among tho refuse of tho kitchen and
bought up by big dealers who find all of
it available for somo purpose, and who
make profits of many thousands of dol
lars at the business; and, first of all,
these find a market among the
“broken food collectors.” Still shapely
steaks and cuts, unharrassed chops and
joints that retain their fibre and juices,
are gathered by the collector and by him
retailed among the cheap restaurants,
where they aro served up anew to cus
tomers less fastidious or unaware of tho
“chestnut ” character of their meal. Of
course, this practice has been generally
kept under cover - hy restaurateurs in
deference to the feelings of their more
captious patrons. But of late a few of
them—notably one on the extreme east
side, a little off Grand street, have
boldly put themselves forward as
champions of the second-hand
dinner nnd announce themselves as
such. What is more, there seems to
have been no falling off in their custom.
In fact, it has increased. And doubtless
the philosophy that sends a man to a
dealer in misfits or second hand clothing
with an expectation of finding raiment of
superior texture and cut at very low rates
has led the patrons of these, restaurants
to willingly expend a small sum for
savory viands which they think but lit tle
discounted by having lain on some less
hungry but more wealthy being’s dish.
The “butt-picker,” while not general
ly visible in fashionable haunts, is a be
ing who infests the whole community,
and who has been heard of by nearly every
one, even if his authenticity be some
times doubted. At one time there was a
large number engaged in the business,
but the work of the society for the pre
vention of crime has done much to de
crease it by their scrutiny of the Italian
population’s ways and means of living.
flwV-.'.J-'iUait-V-hi'.iVVr’.’..yvivwrsj.’,:-, prov’ ’
ed with n bag or basket/ He dived into
saloons, infested the fronts of hotels, and
generally traveled from place to place
along the curb stone with an eye on the
gutter and another on the walk. What
he was in quest of was cigar stumps.
Their quality he did not'heed, and
whether they had come from the lips
of millionaires or beggars did not
toncern him. And once ho had reached
some obscure hutch of a place lit a
Crosby or Baxter street alley his bag or
basket was emptied and its contents
added to that of his little colleagues in
the work. The stamps were then sorted
and sold. They went to big cigarette
and cigar factories, where they were re
sorted, unstripped or ground and came
out anew in handsomely labelled boxes to
bo disposed of to the confiding commu
nity. The “butt picker” is not extinct.
By no means.
A certain amount of artistic ability has
given subsistence to a number of town
characters. And of lato days the artist
in soap who decorates mirrors and win
dows of stores has taken a prominent
place. At first, it is said, a broken down
man familiar with drawing and the like,
who craved little more thnn liquor in re
turn for his service, travaled from saloon
to snloon soliciting permission to deco
rate the glass for compensation taken out-
in trade. The earlier decorations of the
kind were somewhat crude. Generally
they were little more than fantastic let
tering. But the soap artist’s sphero
widened. He took to producing figures,"
and now allegories and all sorts of fanci
ful pictures in soap are met with. It
was in the barrooms of the cast and west
sides, and generally in the humbler ones,
that the art at first prospered. But now
it is used as an attraction in some of the
largest liquor palaces in town.
Among the foreign abiders in New
York there are scores of odd moans of
making a living of which the public
knows little. No one would imagine
that the sabot of the French peasantry
would be marketable in this land of
leather footgear. Yet an old man oo
South Fifth avenue until lately found
subsistence in hollowing out and shaping
the wooden shoes. Few think either of
the strange bucolic occupations the su
burbs offer; how there are farm hands
in Harlem and people who go about New
Jersey and Long Island collecting medi
cinal herbs and leaves and water-crosses,
and now from the snme quarters even
frogs are brought by the collectors of
them to tho New York market. And then
there are the thousand shapes in which
actual mendicancy hides itself under a
pretext of amusing the public. Apart
from tho organ grinders and the street
bands, the acrobats of the barroom and
the itinerant concert companies of tho
German saloons, there are the men with
the performing bears who rarely appear
in town now and that exhibitor of
trained birds who causes the little crea
tures to tell fortunes in addition to per
forming other duties of n nuture by no
means ornithological.—New York Herald.
Value of Lightning-Conductors.
It is laid down as a perfectly settled
fact that a well-made lightning con
ductor, properly plnced and kept in an
efficient state can never, under any cir
cumstances, fail in its action. Un
doubtedly it has happened that buildings
to which conductors were attached have
in many instances been struck by light
ning, and even damaged; but it is main
tained that those cases, so far from
telling against the truth that good-light
ning conductors are infallible, only prove
to serve thnt they are so. A close inves
tigation of nil known instances nominally
protected against lightning, shows most
conclusively that the conductors were
either imperfect in some particular or
other or did not lead properly into mo 1st
ground—that is, tho proper kind of
“earth • connection.” Tlicro is no
case on record in which a really well-
made lightning-conductor, properly
placed and with its terminal in “good
earth,” did not do its duty; and without
dogmatism on tho subject, it may be said
that, such a conductor could no more fail
to give protection than an efficient rain-
pipe can fail to carry the water from a
roof. Although the electric force is
neither a “current” nor a “fluid” often
as it is so described, the analogy here
given of the rain-pipe and tho conductor
is nevertheless sound. And the reason
is clear enough. The water in running
down a hollow tube, obeys simply the
laws of gravity; the law is not less im
mutable which governs the movement of
the electric force. As the water has no
choice but to govern the channel made
for it, under the guidance of experience
and mathematical calculation, so the
electric energy has no option but to pur
sue the path which scientific investiga
tion has shown it must always take.
Men may speak of “erratic” lightning;
but it is certain that the course of the
electric force is as subject to law, and as
immutable, as that of the stars.—Chicago
Times.
lVonders of the Sun.
The sun is about 03,300,000 miles from !
the eartli, not 03,000,000 as was popu
larly supposed ten years ago, says Professor
■Swift iu the Rochester Democrat. Com- j
putations made at the last transit of Vc- !
mis across the sun’s disc hud established
the latter figure, though not exactly, A i
sun spot measuring one second of dis- i
tancc is 430 miles in size. No telescope
can deal with a smaller spot. The speaker
had seen spots with the naked eye. A
spot large enough to bo seen with the
naked eye must measure 330,000 square j
miles. How long the sun has given out
heat, astronomers are. not yet able to tell.
It has probably been for millions of
ages. _ We see the murks of the sun’s
heat in the depths of the coal mines
where lay the vegetation o.f ages ago.
The pores of the sun are something won
derful in tlieir nature. The millions of
these pores are about all of the sun’s sur
face which can be ordinarily seen through
CAirOtUOapiioic, whicIa
is a stratum of red hot hydrogen, 3,000
miles in thickness, can only be seen dur
ing an eclipse. Then there is the won
derful corona which varies in size at each
eclipse. One seen from Pike’s Peak was
estimated at 10,000,000 miles in size.
The only leading lady thnt society re
cognizes is the one who conducts a tm®
with a string.—Judge. ‘ °
Men Who Frottlset Little.
A rchbhhop Gibbons, the Primate of
the Catholic Church in America, who is
■ smed as a comiug Cardinal, graduated
near the foot of his class in college, and
was in no wire a brilliant student, nor is
he noted ns a pulpit orator.
Senator Gorman of Maryland, in his
younger days, when he was Postmaster
of the Senate, and measured considera
bly lem around the waistband than now,
was President of the old National Base
Ball Club, and was noted as an accurate
thrower and catcher.
Fifteen years ago Mr. Joseph Arch
was a farm laborer, supporting his fam-
on four dollars weekly wages, and he is
now a member of Parliament He ia
what is commonly called a self-made
man, but, as his wife taught him to read
and write, he may be. considered a cred-
itable.specimen of domestic manufac lure.
Justice Field tells how his pride had
a fall. When he was a young man he
was particularly proud of nis erect form
and fine, curling heir. Wallring one
day with head well np he ran against a
cart and injured his Knee. The injury
resulted in permanent lomeae«s and a
consequent stoop in his ahonldera Af
terward hard study produced brain
fever, and n fly-blister cured the fever
and destroyed his waving locks.
Gladstone, ns a young man, waa not
overestimated by Disraeli, who wrote in
a letter in February, 1845, and now first
published, that Gladstoae’s address was
dull and ineffective, and that he might
come to be somebody, but he did not
think so. He also writes of a dull din
ner party at which “young Gladstone”
was present; but there was an excellent
ly cooked swan, stuffed with truffles,
which, according to Diaraeli, was “the
best company there.
An Accommodating Sentinel.
The Colonel of an Alabxma regiment
which served through the rebellion, says
some one in the Grand Amy Sentinel,
was famous for having everything done
in military style. Once, while field
officer.of the day, going on his.tour of
inspection he came upon a sentinel sit
ting on the ground with his gun taken
all to pieces. Tho following d alogue
took place :
Colonel—Don’t you know that a sen
tinel, while on duty, should always keep
on his feet ?
Sentinel (without looking up’’—that’s
the way we used to do when tho war be
gun, but that’s outluwed lone ago.
Colonel (beginning to dmiotif the man
was really on duty)—Are you the sen
tinel here ?
Sentinel—Well, I’m a sort of senti
nel.
Colonel—Well, I’m a sort of officer of
the day.
Sentinel—Well, if you’ll hold on till I
Bort of git my gun together I’ll give a
s'» t of salute.
Daring I lie war. Dr. Lloyd, of Ohio, con
tracted consumption. Ho says: “It was by the
u r« ot Allen s Luna Balsum that I aia now
alive and enjoying perfect health." If you have
a cough or cold.tnke at once Allen's Lung Bal
sam. 36c.. 60c. and >1 per bottle, at Druggists.
Foot-racing is said to become quite
popular with the gentler sex in Anderson
Valley, California. One young woman
proudly points to a record of one hun
dred yards in eleven seconds.
“I Would That I Were Dead!”
cries many a wretched housewife to-day, as,
weary and disheartened, she forces herself to
perform her daily task. “It don’t seem as if I
could get through the day. This dreadful
back-ache, these frightful dragglng-down sen
sations will kill mel Is there no relief?” Yes.
madam, there Is. Dr. Pierce's “Favorite Pre
scription” Is an unfailing remedy for tho com
plaints to which your sex Is liable. It will re
store you to health again. Try It. All drug
gists.
. Shear nonsense—trying to cut the hair of a
hnld-headed man.
The Testimony of a Physician.
James Beecher, M. D.. of Sigourney, Iowa,
says: “ For several years I have been using a
Cough Balsam, called Da. \Vn. Hall’s Bal
sam von the Lungs, and in almost every case
throughout my practice I have had entire
success. I have used and proscribed hundreds
of bottles since the days of my army practice
(1883) when I was Surgeon of Hospital No. 7.
Louisville, Ky.
Mensman's Peptonized beef tonic, the only
prostration, and all forms of goneral debility:
also, in all enfeebled conditions, whether the
result of exhaustion, nervous prostration, over
work or acute disease, particularly if resulting
fromimlmnnaiyeompUl’ita. Caswell.Hazard<6
Co., Proprietors, New Vork. Sold hy druggists.
* .vi A Thief in iiib/
A thief In the night is alarming. How much
I® that night fiend croup, strangling
TVvW ®f?v es- i Frovlrto a safeguard and keep
Meiiom c ^ r ” ke e Remedy of Sweet bum and
croup ”' W1Cl wl11 not only prevent but cure
list of diseases
ALWAYS CURABLE BY U8INO
MEXICAN
LINIMENT.
OP HUMAN FLESH.
Rbenmatifim,
Burns nnd Scalds,
StingH and Bites,
Cuts nnd Bruised,
Sprains & Stitches,
Contracted Muscles,
Stiff Joints,
Backache,
Brupti eca.
Frost Bite.,
nnd all external diseases, and every hurt or i
For general use lnfamUy.staUleandstock.yard,It is
THE BEST OF ALL
liniments
of animal:
Scratches,
Sores and GnH
Spavin, Crocks
Screw Worm, ,
Foot Hot,' Iloo
Lameness,
Swinny, Found
Sprains, Strain
Sots i'{«p r—
Stiffness,