Newspaper Page Text
Effingham • County,
INFERIOR COURT, lui.t Tzrm, 18*0
O N the petition of William Morel, sta
ting tltn existence & Ion and praying
.|,c mtiililUhfmmt nf 8 certain promissory
■lute* ollfiry and severally made and signed
i* William J. Mulryne. and William O
Porter, hath lata of taid county deceased,
•Intod Hdfltlglinm county, I8II1 February,
18*4. pavahle to tlw said William Morel, or
order, on »r before tho 1st dny of January
next, fur the aunt of twenty-five dollars,for
vnlao received, a copy whoronf, with the
affidavit of llto aald William- Morel, it died
ia tho Clerk's Office,—It it ordered that
William King, of the County of Killing,
hint, the notion and qualified administrator
,,(• the taid William G. Porter, tleceated,
and the heir* and representative* of the said
William J- Mulryne, docoated, do ihew
mate >m or before tlto Hist tluy of the next
term ol this Court, why the prayer of tho
petitioner should not ho granted, ami it is
further ordered that this rulo be published
in one of llto public Gateltes of the City
of Savannah, once a month until the time
appointed for showing cause thereof.
1 Extract from tho minutes,
JNO. CHARLTON, Clk
juljr IB tBTjt
Treasurer’s Office.
DixExstt 1, llltft.
nftilF, average price ofl''lourduringthe
Ini month being ffl 75 per barrel ol
lilt |hr. lirend for tho preiimt month
must neigh as follow* viz:
II I t cents l/nf tlhs It ox
p |.4 •• “ 1 •• 6jl-2"
Of which nil linkers and sellers of llread
trill take due Notice.
M. W. STEWART, c. t,
dec 3
For sule.
TRACT of land containing too a
ores, sltnalo in the district of Or
sngcliorgh. on Edisto creek in the state of
South Carolina, hounding noith on lands
of Daniel Mazy ok. and south and west on
lie laid creek.
For a plat of said laud, and terms of sale,
reply to GKO. GLEN,
fall n Kx'or, est. nfJolin Glen.
Superior Rose und Orange
Flower Water
fl)9T received and Inrsnloby
3 A. PARSONS. Druggist,
At the Eagle No. t, Gibbons' range,
miv t ttO
A'
Fig Blue, and Starch.
IA IIOXES Gilbert's STARCH,
•V 5 do Pig Blue
Jim received and for sale by
A PARSONS, Druggist,
At the Ea«l V - It Gibbon’* Range,
•ept til
ItllEAPAND FASHIONABLE 4
louse, Sign, Furniture &•
Ship
PAINTING,
II.PtNG, GLAZING AND FAl'ER-
IIANGINU
UK subscriber grateful for furntor
Invars, after a residence of ten years,
si his services to the public in the a-
line, und informs ilinm that hit Es-
'iuntni. Sign of Ihe Hunt! and IIrush,
theEsckangr, is undergoing a general
Minnire iinprovamant, and that he
received liy late Arrivals a largo supply
|Paintt, Oils, lirutlies, Window Glass
&c. Witli the assistance of a coinpe.
foreman, whom he has employed, will
pblo him to execute work of the kind,
accommodating terms as any person
citv.
tf*i Oils, Rruthes, Window Gluts,
Hatha, Paper Hangings, t(e. Are,
ha general assortment of articles in
> line stanys kept on hand, for tale
nit tad retail.
'l.lVints prepared for uto und dlteii-
t'vso fat using them.
I*. MARLOW.
lf# lOt
tying Cards.
I NsiJorroient of superior quality just
7 ,cc cl*cd and for sale liy
1 A. PARSONS, Druggist,
it the Eagle, no II, Gibbons’ Ranee.
*»* inn
liambors Superior Court,
I.. JUNE 15th, 1820.
Chatham Su-
I 8 cl Ueorgia, ct al. J ,orior Court,
1 M> January term,
«r Early, 1830.
«l. al. In Equity.
’!' rifi "' ll ° ‘be Court 1l1.1t Elea-
iscr fcarly on, 0 f the defendant! in the
In n ''* 0 . re,ll| c» out of Chatham coun-
LnV? r n 1111 oiOerotl that tlio said
I nf Oi.n' .. n , l' l,ar on or before tlie first
Li, K eXt lprR ;ef this Court anden-
Lf.r ra a nco ‘Stfind in dclnitlt
IM'BS c0 '”P l «ino.,t have lonveto
t , ltar Bill in tho same
hlUrVW 1 Mrvip ® ° f uni
liver 1* 1'^ "‘ on oOected on the aai i
~ Is furtlier ordered lira':
l.„ o,, ? Cnhlished onno n inontli in one
Ixi.i.fi.' °f Savannah until
piornhon thereof,
' ttnnuJ, ll 'e minutes.
RORERny. POOLER, Clk.
f nul Fhjfe Buckwheat
r m „" nd
14 1nf* ,,rtd ibalf Uhls. Canal
\ thbl. HhihinnnJ I.'irinr
I‘000 Ilf.** P 'dsdelpliiH Huekwlieat
I sin.li *' ,|,et,or B’Mtiinore Hams ol
Undln ' T/"' 1 #1* flavor
I Cl lint'l 1 , ^ ur 'ale liy
^'AltLES. A. wo
Sill
WOODRUFF.
Quinine.
IWriMl 3 ? ' Iir * cl f,0,n lh ® •«-
I l 't*. for sale at reduced pri-
BIIa, ‘TEU AiTUPPEp.
TWENTV-FIRST CONGRESS—
FIRST SESSION.
From the U. S. Telegraph, Extra,
Dkukmoeu 8. ,
Tills day, at 11 o’cloek, the President of
the United States communicated to both
Houeo* of Congrete thefollowing
Message.
Fellow Citizens of the Senate,
and House of Representatives.
It affords me pleasure to tender my
Iriendly greetings to you on tho occasion
ol your assembling at tho Seat of Govern
ment, to enter upon tho important duties
to which you have been colled by the voice
of our countrymen. The task dove,Ives
on me, undor a provision of the Constitu
tion, to present to you, at the Fedotnl Le
gislature of twenty-four sovereign States.
Hud twelve millions of happy peoplo, .1
view ofnur alTalrs; and to propose such
measures ns.in the discharge ofniv nffielul
functions, liavo suggested themselves at
necessary to promote the objects of our
union.
In communicating with you for tho first
time, it is, tome, a source of unfeigned
satisfaction, calling for mutual Emulation
and devout thanks to n benign Providence
that we are at peace will: all mankind, and
that our country exhibits the .'most cheer
ing evidence of general w cl fate and pro
gressive Improvement. Turning opr oyea
to iillier nations, our great desire is to aee
°if r r, l, *i» *b* human race secured in
the blessing* enjoyed by uurtolvot, and
advancing, in know ledge, in frusdom, and
ill social happiness.
Our foreign relations, although in tltoir
genet il character pariflo and friendly,
present subjects of difference between us
and other Powers, of deep interest, as well
to the country at large at to many ofonr
citizens. To oiled an niljiiiimeni ofthete
shall continue to ho tho ohjectof my ear
nest endeavours; and notwithstanding the
difficulties of the task, I do not allow my
self to apprehend unfavornhlo results.
Illossed ns our etui' try is with every thing
which constitutes national strength, tho is
fully adequate to llto maintenance of all
her interests. In’dischnrgliig tho respon
slide trust confided to tho Exccutiva in
this respect, it it my settled purpose to ask
nothing that is 001 clearly right, and to
submit to nothing that is wrong; and I flat
ter myself, that, supported by llto other
branches ol the Government, and by the
intelligence and putiiotism of tho people,
wo shall he able, under the protection of
Providence, to cunse all our just rights to
lie respected.
Ilfilio unsettled matters between the
United States and ether powers, tho
most pro.1.incot are tlioto which have,
for years, been tiro subject of negotiation
with England, France, and Spain. Tho
late periods at which our iMinlslcrt tothose
Governments left the United Stales, ren
der it impossible, at this early day, to in
form you of what lias been done on the
subjects with which they liavo been ro
apectivoly charged. Relying iipon the
justice ofnur views in relation to tiie points
committed to ocgntiaiin • and the recipro
cal good feeling which characterizes our
intercourse with those nations, no have
tho best reason to Itopo for a satisfactory
adjustment of existing differences.
With Great Britain, aliko distinguished
in peace and war, w* may look forwnrdto
years of peaceful, honorable, and elev..tod
competition. Every tiling in the condition
and history of the two nations, is 'calcula
ted to iutpire sentiments of innlttal respect
and to carry conviction to the minds of
both that it it their policy to preserve the
most cordial relations: Surili are my views
and it is not to he doubted that such are
alto the prevailing sentimenta of our eon
stituenis. Although neither time nor op
portunity bus been afforded for a full de-
velopctueiit of the jmlicy which tire pres-
ent cabinet of Great Britain designs to pur
site towards tliiv country, I indulge the
hope that it wilt he of a just and pacific
character; and if this anticipation he real
ized. we may link with confidence to a
speedy mill ucccptublo adjustment of our
affairs.
Under tho Convention for regulating the
reference to arbitration of (lie disputed
points of boundary under tho fifth article
ol the troaty of Ghent, tiro proceeding*,
have hitherto been conducted in that spirit
of wander and liberality which ought evor
to characterize tlto nets of sovereign States
seeking to adjust, hy tho most unexcep
innable m-aor, important and delicate
subjects of contention. The first state
ments of tho parties liavo been exchanged
and .lie final replication, on nnr part, is in
a course of preparation. Tills subject lias
received tho attenlhm demanded by its
;real and peculiar importance to a patiiol-
0 member of this Confederacy. Tko ex
positional our rights, already madc.is such
ns from .the jilgh reputation of llto com
missioners hy whom it has been prepared,
we bad a right to expect. Our inlet eats at
the court ofthe Sovereign »vhn has ovin-
cod Ins friendly disposition, hy assuming
the delicate task of arbitration, have born
committed to a citizen of tho Slate of
Maine, whose character, talents, jnd inti
mate acquaintance with the subject, pnii-
nonlly qualify him fors'o responsible a trust.
Will* full confidence in the subject of onr-
cjtue, and in the probity, intelligence,and
uncompromising Independence ofthe lllus
(flout arbitrator, we can liavo nothing to
oppvebcsd from tho result.
From Frnnce, onr ancient ally, we have
a right to expect tlint justice which be
comes (lie Sovereign of a powerful, intel
ligent and magnanimous people. The
beneficial affects piodaced by tho commer
cial convention of 1018, limited ns are its
provisions, are toe olivines n.,t to'make a
salutary impression .upon tho minds of
those who arc charged with the ndtninis
trntinn of tier government. Should tills
result induce a disposition to embrace to
theit full extent, the wholesome principles
which constitute our commercial ’policy,
our Minister to tlr.it Court will be found
instructed to cherish sucli a disposiiinn,
and to ain in conducting it to useful prac
tical conclusions.—The claims of our cili
zeus fur depredations upon their properly,
long since committed under tho authority,
and In many Instancit liy the express di
rection of tho then existing government
France, remain unsatisfied,end must there
fore continue to furnjtli n subject of uit‘
pleasant discussion, and possihlo collision
between the two governments. 1 cherish,
however, a lively hope, founded as well oil
the validity of those claims, auil the estab
lished policy ol all enlightened govern,
ntents, at on tlto known integrity of ilia
French monarch, thallhe injurious delays
of the past, will find redress in the. equity
of tho future, pur tniliistor has been in
structed to press theso demands on the
French government with all the earnest
ness which is called for by their importance
and irrefutable justice, ami iq a tpuit that
will cvinco tlie respect whin It is due to the
feelings ofthqse frpn: whom the satisfac-
lion Is required.
Our Minister recently appalnlml to
Spain lint been authorized to assist lit ro-
moving evils alike injurious to both coun
tries, either by concluding a commercial
convention upon liberal end reciprocal
terms, 01 by urging tlie ftcceptanoe in their
full extent. of the mutually beneficial mo
Visions of our navigation nets, lie lint
also boon instructed to nppenl to tho jus
tice of * pain in behalf of our cilizena. for
mdoiniilty for spoliations upon our com
merce, committed under her authority—an
appo.il which the pacific and liberul course
observpil on bur part, and a duo confidence
in tho honor of that government, author
ize us not to expect .Will he made in vain.
With miter European Potvert. our in
tercourse Is on the most friendly fooling.
In Russia, placed by her lerri orinl limits,
extensile population, and great power,
high in the rank of nations, the U States
Imvo always tumid a steadfast friend. Al
though her teccni invasion of Turkoy a
wakened a lively sympathy for those who
are exposed to tlie desolations of war. we
cannot bill anticipate that the result will
prove favorable to the entire of civilization
ami to llto progress of human happiness.
The treaty of pence between these Powers
haring been ratified, we cannot bo insen
siblo to the great benefit to *-e derived to
the commerce of tho United Stales, from
unlocking tho navigation of the Black Rea
—a free pas-age Into which it secured to
ell merchant ve-yels bound to ports of Rut
tin under a (lag at punco with tho Pone.
This advantage, enjoyed upon conditions,
by most ofthe Powers of Europe hat liith
erto been withheld from us. During the
past Summer, nn nnlecedont, but illlllieeet
fill attempt to olituin it, was renewetl. tin
tier circumstances which promised the
innsi favorahlo results. Although these
rosnlts havn fortmt.ilnly been thus in pnst
attained, fuithcr faciliiiea In tho enjoyment
tiflhit new field for tlie eulerprize of uttr
citizens are, in my opinion, sufficiently de
slrable to ensure tu them uur most zeal
ous attention.
Our trade with Austria, although of se
condary i »parlance, has been gradually in
creasing, and is now so extomled, as lode
serve die fostering care ofthe Government.
A negocintion. commenced and nearly
completed tvitli that Puwer, by Ilia Into Ad
ministration, lias been consummated by a
treaty of antilv, navigation, and commerce,
which will belaid before tho Senate.
During die recess of Congress, our di
plomatic relations nidi Porlugal have been
resumed. The peculiar state of things in
that country caused a suspension of the re
cognition of tho Representative who pre
sented himself, until an opportunity was
had to obtain from our official organ there,
information regarding tho actual, and as
far at pioctle.slilo, prospective condition of
the authority hy which the representative
in question was appointed. This informa
tion being received, the application of the
established rule ofonr Government, In like
cates, w as no longer withheld.
Considerable advances have been made,
during the present year, in the adjustment
of claims uf our citizens upon Denmark
for spoliations; hilt all lhar we have u
right to demand from that Government, in
their behalf, his not been conceded. Frnm
tlie liberal looting, however, upon which
tlie subject has, with the approbation of
the claimants, been placed by the govern
ment, together with the uniformly just and
friendly disposition which lias been evin
red hy Iris Danish Majesty, there 1* a reas
onable ground to hopo that this tinglo tub
ject of difference will speedily be removed.
Our relations nitlt the llarbnry Powers
continue, ns they h .vc luog been, of the
most favorable character. The pulicy of
keeping nn adequate force in tin Mediter
ranean, at security for the continuance of
tills tranquility, will lie persevered in, as
well as a similar one, far the protection of
our commerce and fisheries in the Pacific
Tlto Southern Republics, of our own
hemisphere, have not yet realized all tlie
advantages for whiclt they have been to
long struggling. Wo trust, however, that
the day is not distant, when the restoialinn
of peace and internal quiet, under perma
nent systems of government, securing tin-
lihoity, and promoting the happiness'ofthe
uitizens, will crow n, w ith complete success,
their long and arduous efforts in the cause
of self government, and enalln.us to salute
them as friendly rivals in ull thut is truly
great and glorious.
Tlie recent invasion of Mexico, and flic
effect thereby produced upon her domestic
fity, must have it controlling influence
ion the great question of South Ameri
can emancipation. We have seen tho full
spirit of civil distention rebuked, and, per
haps, forever stifled in that republic, by
the love of independence. If it be true, as
appearances strongly indicate, that tlie
spirit of Independence is the master spirit,
and If a coricsponding sentiment prevails
iu.tlie other States, this dovoiion to liberty
cannot be w ithout a pfoper effect upon the
cmincilsof the mother country. The adap
tion, by Spain; of 0 pacific policy towards
her former Colonies, an event consoling In
humanity, and a blessing.to tlie world, in
whiclt she herself cannot fail'd largely tu
participate—may he most reasonably ox-
pcclcd.
Tlie dajtns ,tif opt citizens upon the
Aautli American Governments, generally,
uru in a train of settlement a: yvliilo . itie
principal part of those upon Ml have
.bean adjusted, and a Decree in.. Council,
urdcring bonds to ho issued by |(:o Minister
ofthe Treasury fur their nmuunt,' lias, re-
ccived the sanction of hit Imperial Majesty
This event, together with the exchange of
llto ratifications ofthe Treaty negotiated
and vqucluded in trtt, happily terminates
all serious causes bf difference with that
I'owar.
Measures have bean taken to place nur
commercial relations with Peril iipun a bet
ter footing than lliat upon which they havo
hitherto rested; nnd ll'met by a proper dit
position on the part ofthet Government,im-
port a at berieflti may be secured to both
countries.
Deeply interested at we are in the pros-
parity of our sister Republics, and more
lurticiilaily in that of our immediate neigh
bor, it would be uiost gratifying to 1110,
were I permitted to say that tlie treatmeul
winch wo have received at her hands lies
been universally friendly at Ilia early etui
constant lolicitudo innmfcitcd by the U.
Stales for her success, give ns a right to
expect, lint it becomes my duly to in
form yon that prejudices, long indulged hy
a portion of the inhabit ants of Mexico a
gainst the Envoy Extraordinary ahd Min
istcr 1’laniputonti.try ofthe United Slates,
have had nu uiifoitiinalo Influence upon
the affairs of the two countries, and hare
diminished that usefulness tn hit own u hicli
was jnstly to be expected ftom his talents
and xeal. To this cause, in a great de
gree, is to lie imputed the failure uf several
measures equelly interesting to l*oth par
ties; butlparticularly that of the Mexican
Obvornnien’t to ratify a treaty negotiated
and concluded In itsosvnoipital and under
its own eye. Under these clrcninsiances,
it appeared expedient to give Mr. Poinsett
the option either In return or not, ns, In hit
Judgment, tho Interests of the conptiy
might rrquire, and instructions In that end
were piepared; hot he foie they lotihl be
despatched, n communication was received
«lx years. If, however,, it should not —
adopted, It is wurthy of consideration who
11 r J provision disqualifying lor of-
(too tho Repraaeniallvot in Congress on
whom tnrh an election may have devolved
would opt bo proper.
While members of Congress can be con
stitutionally appointed tu offices of trust
endprollt, it will be tlto practice, even un
der the most conscientious adherence to
duty, tp select them for vunh stations
iTom tiie Government of .Mexico through
its <'barer d'Affairet here, requesting the
recall ofntir Minister, This was promptly
complied with, nnd a representative of a
•ink corresponding with that of the Mext-
can diplomatic Agent nenr litis govern
ment. was appointed. Our conduct to
wards that republic hat been uniformly of
llto most friendly diameter, and hating
thus removed the only alleged obstacle to
harmonious interconte, I cannot hut hope
that an advantageous change will occur in
uur affairs.'
In justico to Mr. Poinsett, it it proper to
say, that toy immediate compliance witli
tlie application for lilt recall, nnd the ap
pointment of a successor, aia not 10 lie as
cribed to any evidence that tlie impuiatinii
of an impropei interference hy hull, in the
local polities of Mexico, ns well founded:
nor to a want of confidence in hit talents
or integrity; and to add that the until of
that charge hat never been aflirined hy the
Fciferal Government of Mexico,in its com
munication with this.
I consider it one of tlie most urgent ef
niv duties to bring to your aHenti.ni tlie
■ropricty of amending that part of uur
HotiMitulloi, which relates to the election
of President nnd Vice President. Onr syi.
tom of government was, by its framers,
deemed un experiment; und they therefore,
consistently provided a mode of reinedi lug
its tlef. cts.
To tile People belongs tlie rlshl of elec
ting Ihcit I Ihtcf Magistrate; it was never
desiyned thut their choice should, in any
case b.- defeated, either by tile intervention
of electoral colleges, or by the agency con
lideil, undor certain contingencies, to tlie
llouso of Representatives. Experience
proves, that,in piopuiliou at agents to exa
onto the will of the People are multiplied
there is dinger of their wishes being lint
trnled. Rome may hu unfaithful; all nrc
liable to erroi. So far therefore at the
peoplo can. with uinraiieuce, speak, ills
safer for them to express their own w ill.
Tile number of aspiiants to the Piosi
deucy, and ilia diversity uf tlie interests
hicli may influence (heir lilnimt, leave
little reason In expect a ultuice in tho Aral
instance; and, in that event, the election
must devolve upon the Home ofKepretcn
tntives, w here, it it obvious, ihe will of the
People may not be always ascertained, or
if ascertained, may not lie regerded. From
tin- mode of voting by slates, tlie choice is
to ho made by twenty four votes; and it
muy often occuiwthnt one of theso may be
controlled by an individual Representative.
I If mo s A: offices are at the disposal of the
successful candidate Repented liulloltlnus
may make it apparent tiiat a single indi
vidual holds the cast in Ins hand. May he
not be templed to name his reward? lint
oven without corruptwin—suppo-ing the
probity of Ihelliep. to be proof against tile
powerful in .lives by which lie inay be as
sailed—the will ofthe People is still con
stantly liable In he misrepresented- One
miv err front ignnran.ee ufthe wishes ofhis
constituents; another, from a conviction
that it it his duty tn be governed hy lilt
own .judgement of the fitness tif tlie can
didutes; finally, although all were inflexi
bly hottest—all recur ilely informed ofthe
wislios of their constituents—yet, under
thn present inode of election, a minority
may often elect tlie President; end wheii
lliii happens, it may reasonably be expect
ed tiiat dibits will be made on tlic||iart ofa
majority, to rectify this injurious operation
of tltoir institutions, lint although no evil
of this character should result from sucli a
perversion of tlie first principle uf our sys
tem—l/ml the majority is to govern —it
must ho very certain that a President elect
ed by a minority cannot enjoy tho confid
ence necessary to the successful dischnrge
of Ills duties.
In this, as in all other matters of public
concern, policy requires that as few impe
diments ns. possible should exist to tho free
operation ofthe public will. Let us, then,
endeavor sq to amend our system, thatthe
nffico of Qhief Magistrate may not be con
ferred upon tiny citizen, lint in tiursiiance
ofa fair expression ofthe will of tho me-
jority.
I would therefore recommend such an
rntendment of the Constitution, as may re
movo all Intermediate ngency in the eleo : .
lion of President and V10 e President. Thg
mode mny.bg so .regulated as to preservo to
each. Sj.tqte, its, present,.yelativo weight in,
the. oloction;,nn(| n. faRme, in the first at;,
tempt may ho provided for, by confining
ihe second to 0 choico. between the two
highest candidates. In connexion with,,
such .an amendment, l( woiild^erin. qclgiep
bleto limit tlto service or tho.jUhic^Jila r
gistratc to a single term', 1 'oreUnar tour or
they are believed lo be belter qualified us
fill than oilier citixens ; hut the purity of
our Government would doubtless be pro-
muted by their exclusion from all appoint
ments in tlie gift of the President in whose
election they may here been officially con
cerned. The nature ofthe (udiaiul office,
und the noerssity of securing in tlie Oabl
net and in diplomatic stations of the high
est rank, the best talents and political ea
parience, should, perhaps, except these
Irqm tlie exetusiiin. *
There are perhaps few men who can.for
’"J (treat length of time, enjoy office and
PR"®’* without being mure or less under
the Influence of faoliugt unfavorable lo e
failhlu! discharge of llieir pubtio duties.—
1 iteir integrity may be proof against im
propiw considerations immediaiely addres
sed (o themselves, but they ate apt 10 ac
quire a habit of looking with indifference
upon llto public increvlt, and of tolerating
conduct from which an unpractised man
would revolt. Offico is considered as
species of property ; and govermpent. ra
ther ate meant of promoting individual in
loretls, than as an instiuiiiHUt eruated solo
ly for the tervioa of ihe People. Cmrup-
lion in tome, and, in otliers, a perversion
of correct feelings end principles, divett
Government from its legitimate ends, end
make it an engine for tlie suppoil of the
few at tho expense ofthe many. Tlie du
ties of all public officeis err, or, al least,
admit of being made, so plain and simple,
tiiat men of intelligence may readily qual-
fy theinselvet for their performance: and
I cannot but believe thut more it lost by
■lie long continuance ofinen in office than
isgenernllv lobe gained by their caper)
ence. I submit, iharefoie, to your cimsid
eration, whether tlie efficiency of tlie Gov
ernment would nut he promoted, aud offi
cial industry and integrity better secured,
hy a general extension of the law which
limits ap|Miintments to four years.
In a coimlry where offices aro created
solely for the benefit of tlie People, no one
man hat any more intrinsic ridiit lo offi
cial station, than another. Offices were
not established lo give support tn particu
lar turn nt the public expense.. No indi
vidual wrong is Iherrf re done by removal,
since neither appointment lo, nor cnnlinu
mice in office, it mat er of right. Tiie in
cumbent heroine an officer with a view to
mhlic benefits; and when these require
lit removal, tltev are not to hu sacrificed
to private interests It Is the People, mul
they alone, who have e right to cumpluin.
When e lud officer is substituted for .1 good
one. lie who is removed, lias the same
means ofobieiniug a living that are en
joyed hy the millions who never held of
lice. Thn proposed limitation would des
troy Ihe idea id properly now so geneiallv
connected with official station ; and al
though individual distress inny Ire tome-
times produced, il would, hy promoting
that rotation which constitutes a leading
principle in the republican creed, give
healthful action to tlie system
Nn very considerable change has occur
red, during tlie lecei-a of Congress, in tile
condition of eithrr our Agriculture, Com
merce. or Manufactures. Tile .operation
of the Tariff has not proved sd 'injurious
to llto two former, nor at beneficial lo tlie
lattes, nt wet anticipated. ’ Imphrtathms
of foreign goods have not been tehsibly di
miliiahed; while domestic competition,
under an illusive excitement, lies incrent
ed the production imirh beyond.tlie de
mand for home consumption.' The come
qurnces hive been law prices, temporary
embarrassment, end partial lots. That
such of our manufacturing establishments
as are based upon capital, and are prudent
ly managed, will survive the shock, ami
lie ultimatidy profitable, there it no good
reason lo doubt.
To regulate its conduct, so as to promote
equally the ptosperity of these three car
ilinal interests; it one of the ntrisf difficult
tasks of Government; and it may be re
gretted that tlie compliraied restrictions
- Inch now rlnhan an tho intorruurie of
nations, could not by common consent be
.iluilished. and commerce allowed to flow
in ihose ehannelsto which individual en-
rerprize—always its sorest guide—niicln
direct il. Hut wo must ever expect selfish
legislation in other nations, and eie tltrre
fore compelled to adapt qur. own to theii
rcgrw.itious. in the manner best calculated
to avoid serious injury, and to liurmonize
lire conflicting interests ol nur ngfietilture.
our commerce, and our manufactures.—
Under these impressions, I invite your at
tention to (he existing Tariff, believing
that sonic of its provisions require modifi
cation.
The general rule to henpplitd in grndu
ating the duties upon aitleles of futeign
growth or manufacture, is that whion will
place onr own in fair competition witli
those of other gauntries; ami the induce
ments in nrlvancn even 11 step beyond this
point, are controlling in regard to those
articles whicli are of primary necessity ia
time of war. When we reflect, upon the
difficulty, and delicacy of this opera'ion. il
is important that it should never be aitemp
ted but with tlie utmost caution. Freqneu'
legislation, in regard lo any branch, of in
diistry, affecting its value, and by whirl:
its capital may ba transferred to new chai
belt, must always he productive of hazard
ous speculation and lo-x
, Tl) deliberating, therefo c, on these inter
bating subjects, local feelings and prejudi
cet should be merged in the, patriotic de-
teitninntlon to uromoio tho great interest
ofilto,whole,Al) attempts tn counocl them
will) tiie party conflicts of the day, are m*
ccssjrily injurious, nod should bu discoun
tenanced. , Oar. action upon thorn should
be under the controls of higher and purer
motives'. Legislation subjected tu sncli
influences, can never ba just, and will not’
long retain tlto sanction of tho People,
"hose nctiye patriotism is not bounded hy
secjjitptl limits, nor itneps|h|o to lhat spirit
'of couCCssion'rind forVcsratice,'» hiejt gave
life to our political compact, and still ins-
lalnt it. Discarding all calculations of
political attendance, tho North, the South,
!»* .k,*!!’ • n<l ,h ® ' v ® ,t * should unite in
diminishing any burthen, of which either
may justly complain.
Th® agricultural interest ofonr country
la so essentially connected with every olh-
1?. d .^ V ,p * rio, . ln lm P° r l®"*e «o then*
•II, that it is scarcely nocessary to invite to
it your particular ettentlon. li la prinoi-
pally at manufactures and commerce tend
to increase the value of egrleullurel pro
ductions, and toextend Jlieir application to
the wants nod comlortt of society, that
they deserve the fullering cere of Govern
ment.
Looking Ihrwerd to Ihe period, not far
distant, when a sinking fund will no longer
Ire required, the duties on those articles of
importation which cannot como in compo*
titlon with our own productions ere tho
first that should engage the attention of
Congress io the modification of tho Tariff,
or theta. Isa and coffee are the most pro
minent t they enter largely into the con
sumption of tho country, end have become
articles of necessity 10 all classes. A re-
Unction, therefore, of the existing duties,
will be felt ns 1 common bcnsAt; but.
like all other legislation connected with
commerce, to t-e efficacious, and not inju-
r m ' “ * houlJ h® gradual and certain.
The public prosperity ia evinced in the
increased revenue arising from the ealee
of the public lands, and in the steady main
tenance of that produced by imposta and
lonn ge, notwithstanding tho additional
di.lics imposed by the act of 18th May,
lots, aud >he unusual importations lu tlto
trail v part of that tear. . , ,. ,
Tiro balance In llto Treasury on tho 1st
of January, Ilia, was fivo millions nine
hundred and seventy two thousand font
hundred aud thirty flva dollars and eighty
one cents. Tiro receipts of the current
year are > estimated at twenty, four millions
six hundred aud (wo thousand two hundred
and thirty dollars; and the expenditures
for tho wins time at twenty iix millions
nne hundred and sixty four thousand flee
hundred and ninety fl,a dollars; leaving a
balance in Ihe Treasury on lbs 1st of Jan.
next, of four millions fqur hundred and ten
thousand autl seventy dollars and eighty
one cents. 1 ’
.1 T, 'Vo "jll have been paid on account of
the public debt, during tiie present year,
the som of twelve unions foot hundred
and five thousand and five dollata Ac eighty
cents i reducing Hie whole debt of thb
Government, oii.llie first of January next,
to forty eight nijlliona five hundred and
sixty five thousand four hundred and tin
dulloi* and filly cents, including seven
millions of fiv« per cent- stock, .subscribed
to the Hank of the United.States^ The
payment on account of the publie debt,
maile on the first of July last, was eight
millions, seven bundled and fifteen thou
sand lour hundred and sjxty two dollars'
and eighty .eve,., cents., It was apprehen
ded that tlie sudden withdrawal of so largo
a sum Irani tire Banks (a, which it.was de
posited at a1 lime of unusual pressure in the
money iparlfrt, might cause imp h injury
to the interest* dep f nt|cnt oil bank actim-
moduli""!, but this et|| was wholly avert
ed by..n «rly anticipation pf it at the
Treasury, aided by ilie.Iodicious.arrange-
mem of tho officers of tho Dank of tho U.
1"!* slate of the .finances exhibit tho re
sources of tlie-'iiutio.n in an aspect highly
flattering tailtl Industry, end auspicious of
tile ability of Government, iu a very short
time, to extinguish the public debt. When
this alntll b® iiune, our population will bet
relieved from a considerable portion of its
present bnr hant; and will gl, e . not only
new motives to patriot it) etiect on buffaddl
lionnl moans for the display of individual
enterprizo. 1 lie fiscal power of the states
wdl also bp increased, and may Ire more
extensively exerted in fan, of education
and other public objects i awhile ample
means will remain in the Federal Govern
merit to promote the gon«ral.weal, in all
the modes permitted to ilsamhority.
Alter llie. cxiinction of the pul lie debt,'
It is not probable that any udj itment of
tire Tariff, upon principle! satisfactory to
tho People ,uf tlie Union, will, until a re
mote period, If ever, leave the Government
without 1 considerable surplus in the Tree,
sury, beyond what may be required for its
current service. As then the period ap
proaches when tlie application ofthe reve
nue to the puyinaut of debt will cease, the
disposition of the surplus, will present a
subject for tiie serious, tleiilieralion of Con
grets; and.it maybe lortunatn for the
country that it is yet to be decided. Con
aidered in connexion-with the difficulties
which Imye heretofore attended appropria
tions tin purposes of internal improvement,
and with those which experience tells ns
.* ill certainly arise, wherever power over
such subjects may be exercise^ by the
General Government, it is hoped that it
may lend to the adoption 01 some plan
whicli will reconcile the diversified inter
ests of tire States, and ttiengtl.en tlie bonds
svhicli unite them. Every member, of tiles.
Union, io peace and in war, will be beno-
fitted by tho improvement of inland navi
nation and tho construction of highwoys ill
the several States. Let us then endeavor,
tn attain this benefit in a nrodewhioh will
he satisfactory to all. That hitherto adopt
ed has, y many of our fellow citizens,been
deprecated ns an infraction of the Cninli
lutiou, w hile by others it lias been viewed,
as an expedirnt All feel tiiat it (ms been,
employed ihe ezpenso of harmony in
tlie Icgista. vo councils.
To avoid totf-ie evils, it appeals to mo
that the must safe, just, and federal ditpu.
sition which coaid be inado of -the surplus'
revenue, would ho its apportionment a-
mone.lho several Slates according to their,
ratio of representation; and should thig.'
measure not be found warranted by ,vie
Constitution, that it would be expedient to
propose to the.statesen amendment author
izing it. 1 regard nn appeal lo ,t|ie sourco .
of power, in cates of real doubt, and arhero
its exorcise is doomed indispensable to the
goneral,welfare, fit among die most sacred
of all our obligations. Upon tills pountry,
more than any other, has, jn the provi
dence, of God, been cast the special guar
dianship or tho grand principle of adher
ence lo written , constitutions. If it fail!
here, all hope, in regard to it will b« extih