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guishsd. TIKI lilts was intended 'tb'bo *
guiornmontai limited and spoclflo,-»hd noi'
general power*’umnst bo admitted by all,
.and it It fcr dut/to-preier*# for 1» 'tbs
character intended by lit trainers.
11'experience point* but the ueoesstty for
an enttlffmmt of these powers, let us ap
ply for kroslioft fur 'whole benefit It Is to
bo exercised ; aiid not - undermine the
to overstrained
wholetysterh
constructions,
well; it has exceeded tlio hopes
by a resort ..
'Tho schame : has worked
>f those
who dtvited It, add become an ohject of
aiimlratioif to the world. We are respan-
lilile to our.courilry, and to the glorious
cause ol self government,' for the preserve
thin of so great a good. The'gloat mats
of legislation relating te our internal -nf
fairs, was tntanded lb bo loft. where -the
Federal Constitution found It—dtithe8tot«
Governments. Nothing is eleven'hi my
view, than that we are chiefly indebted fat
the success of the Constitution under
which wo now acting, to the watchful
hod ancillary operation of ilia fjtate au-
thoiilits. This Is nut (ho reflection of a
day. but belong! to tho most deeply root
ed convictions \>( my mind. I cannot,
therefore, loo strongly -or ton earnestly,
warn you against all encroachmeitts upon
the legitimate sphere of State sovereignly.
Sustained b> its healthful and invigorating,
influence, the Federal system cun never
fall.
• In the collection of tho revenue,' the.
long credits authorised on goods im|>oried
beyond tho Cape of Good Hope, are the
ehii-l causo of the tnues at present sustain
ed, Jfalioso Were shortened to Six, nine
and twelve-months, and warehouses provl-
ded by government sufficient to- 'receive
She goods uffeird in deposile for security
end debenture 5 and if the right of die U
Silted Slates to a priority of payment oui
•f-the. estates of Its insolvent debtors wore
snore effectually secuied, Ibis 01II would,
in a great measuio, be obviated. An au
thority to coustmcl sudi houses, is, there
fore. Willi tlio proposed alteration of the
eiedits, recommended to jour attention.
"-It is worthy of notice, thM the laws fin
the culluciimi and seciuny of the revenue
arising fi0111 imparls were tiiiefly Iremc.l
when the rates of duties on imported go*id*
presented much less temptation for illicit
iradoilnn at present exists. ‘There is rea
son to believe, that these laws ate in tome
■ aspects juile insufficient for tho'piopei
security of the revenue, and Ilia protection
of the interests of those who are disposed
to observe them, T- c injurious and de-
■nnralising tendency Of a successful sys
tem of smuggling, it ao obvious as. not In
require romnVeni; anil cannot tie ton core-
full, guarded ngaitist I theief-iro ang
gest to Congress the pr.iprtety ofa,topline
efficient measures to prevent tills evil; a-
vnitling, honavei, at much at possible, ev-
-pry unnecessary infringement of imlividu
1,1 liberty, and ernba.. issuicol of fair and
lawful business.
On an examination of the'records of tin-
’Freasmyi-t have been forcibly struck with
Vie large auiouut of public money whir It
appears to bo oiitstandiilg.—Of the sums
dun due from individuals to tlie cavern
inrnt. a considerable portion is imdiiubtcd
ly desperate ; and in many instances, lias
probably been rendered so nv the remii«-
nettof ihengentt-charged with its collec
tion. lly proper eaertinns, A great part,
iifiwever, mav’yet be recovered,"and what
liver, may be' the portions respectively be
longing to these two classes, u behoves the
government to ascertain the real' state of
the fact. This can be done only by the
prompt adoption of judicious measures for
the collection of such at may be mad .1
variable. It it believed that a very large a
mount has been lost through the inade
quacy ol the maans provided (V1I19 collec
tion or debts duo to tlio public, and that,
this inadequacy lies chiefly in the want of
legal skill habitually and constantly err.-
ployed in the direction of the agents cm
lilnvcil in the service. It must* I think,
he admitted, that the supetvis' ry power q
ver suits brought by tlio public, which ii
jiqw vested in ail accounting officei of the
Treasury, not selected Vttli a view to his
legal knowledge, and edcmnbereil as he Is
svith numerous other duties operates unfa
vOrably to the public interest.
It is important iliat this bianch of the
public service should be subjected 10 the
supervision of such professional skill as
still give it efficiency. The expense alien
dant upon such a uiodifl.iatioo of the I '.xe-
cutive Department would ho justified by
the soundest principles of economy, f
would recommend, therefore, that the do
ties now assigned to The Agent nf the
Treasury, so far as they relate to the super
intendence and m mageim-a.l. of legal pro
ceedlnga, on the past nf tho United States,
be transferred to the Attorney General,and
that this officer be placed on the footing,
in all respects, as the Heads ol the other
Departments—receiving like compensa
tion, and having such subordinate officers
provided for his Department, as may Ire
requisite fur the discharge of those add!
tional duties. The piofistiorial skill of
. the Attorney General, employed in direct
ing tho conduct of Marshals and District
Attorneys, would hasten the collection of
debts now In suit, anil hereafter, save
much to the Government. It might lie
funner extended to the superintendence
of all criminal proceedings for offences a-
gainst tho Untied States. In making this
transfer, great care should be taken, how
ever, that ihe power necessary to the Trea
jury D part .tent be noi impaired 1 now nf
its creates! securities consisting in a con
trol over all accounts until they are audi
ted or reported for suit.
In connexion with the foregoing views,
I woul.d suggest, also, an inquiry, whcilior
the provisions of the act of Congress, au
thorizing the discharge of Ihe persons of
debtors to Ihe Government, from impris-n
ment, may mft consistently with the public
interest be extended tu the releases of the
debt, where the conduct of tlio debtor is
tvhnllyexcinpt from iliamiipiital-oii of frond
Some more liberal policy than that which
now prevails, in refcicnce to this unforlu
note class of citizens, is certainly duo to
them, and would provo bcucfiriul to the
country. The conlinti.inco of the liability,
alter the means 10 discharge it have been
exhausted, can only serve to dispirit the
■ debtoi ; or when his resources are but
pnrtial, the want of power in the Guvcrh-
■nent to compromise and release the de-
inandTinstigatesto fraud, os tlie only-re
source fur securing a support to his family
lie then sinks into a state of apathy, and
becomes a useless drone iri society, nr 11
vicious member of It, if not a feeling wit
-ness of the rigor and inhumanity of his
country. All experience proties, (hat op
pressive debt is tlio bane of enterprise;
and it should lie the caro of a Republic
not to exert a grinding power over misfor
time and poverty.
Since the last session of Congress, mi
themus frauds on 1)10 Treasury bayo.bcen
discovered, which lthought it my duty 1
bring under the cognizance of.lhe United
States' Court (Ur thin district, by a crimin
al prosecution. It was my opinion, and
that of able Cdlmsol who were consulted,
thet the cases came within the penalties of
the act of tho (Tib Congress, approved Sd
March,18tS,providing for the punishment
of frauds committed on the Government
oftheUohod States. Either from some
defect In the law or in its administration,
every elfo.-t to bring the accused to trial
under its provisions proved' ineffectual ;
and the Government was driven to the no-
cesstty of resorting to the vague and inad
equate provisions nflhe common tow.—It
is therefore my duty to coll your irttonllnn
to the law* which have been passed for tlie
protection-of the Treasury. If, -indeed,
there be no provision by which those who
inay be unworthily entrusted with its guar
dianship, can teijuinlsbed for the most 01
grant violation of ditty, extending even
to raise up an interesting commonwealth,
III betides this deli- destined to perpetuate the race, and to at
test the humanity and justice of the Gov
ernment,
This emigration xhonlfl ho voluntary; Tor
it would he as cruel at unjust to compel
Ihe aborigines to abandon the graves t
their felliers, and seek a home in a distant
Innil. Hut they should bo distinctly in
furmed that, if they remain within Ihe lim
its nf the States, they must be subject to
their lues. Ill return for their obedience
as hid trill unis, they will, without doubt, be
For this amount, there Was neither esllinato
nor appro; nation ; to 11 I besides this defi
ciency, tlie regular lliwances, according
to tho uiles wliloli have harciolbre govern-
ed the Department, exceed tile ettimaio or
Us lato Secretary, by about fifty thousand
dollars . for which an appropriation IS ask
ed.
Ydur particular attention IsTeqttesicd to
that part of tlio report of tho Secretary of
War which relates to the money liehl In
trust for tho Seneca tribe of Indians. It
will lie perceived that, without legislatio
aid, Ihb 'Executive;cannot obviate the em-Jnroleeted in the enjoyment ol those posses-
barrassments occasioned by tho diminution Ho is which they have improved by their in
the most fraudulent appropriation of'tho
public' funds to their o« 11 use,-it is time to
remedy so.dangerous.-an omission. Or, if
the law'has bean perverted from its oiighi
al purposes, and criminals, deserving to bn
punished under its provisions, have been
rescued by legal subtleties, it ought to -be
made so plojn, by amendatory p.ovisions,
as to baffle the arts of perversion, atirl ae
coiiiplnh-the end of its uriglnal enactment.
In one of ihe must flagrant cases, The
court decided • that the prossccutidn was
barred by the statute which limits prosecu
tion for fraud to two years. In this ease
all lire evidences, that fraod had been coin
milled, Wnta In possession of the party ac
cused, until slier the two years had elapsed.
Surely Ihe statute ought nut to run m fa
vor ofany man while lie retains all the.evi
ilcnecs of his cihne in his ovvn'possessiom
and, least of all. In favor or a public officer
who cor.tlnnr* 10 d-fraud ilieTioasury and
conceal the transaction for tlie brief torm of
two year#. ] would tli-rcfore recommend
such :-if alteration of the law ns will give
the injured pert j and the Oovernmeiil two
yenis after tlie disclosure of tho ‘fraud, nr
after ll 0 accused is out of. offlee, tu cum
inonce their prosecution.
In connexion with this subject,T invite
the attention of Congress ton general and 1
minute unpiirv into the condition of the Go
seriunont; with a view to ascertain what
offices can I,edispensed with, what cxpeii
sesretrenched,and wl.at iinprovenieiitsliiay
be made in Ihe organization of its various
parts, to secure the proper responsibility ol
public agents and promote efficiency and
justice fci all its operations.
Tlie report of the‘Secretary of War will
make you acquainted with ihe condition uf
our Arms.Fortifications, Arsenal*.an.t In
ilian AlVnirs. The proper discipline nf ihe
inn.v, the training and equipment of the
Millti ’, the cdircatinn bestowed at West
Psgini, and the accu'imlarinii nf ihe 'means
of defence, applicable to tlie Naval force
will tend to prolong tlio peace we now en
joy and which eterr good citizen—Plot r
especially those who have fait ihe miseries
>f ev-n a siii res-ful warfare—must a deni-
desiri In perpetuate.
The returns from the -idiordinate bran
cites of (his service exhibit a regularity and
order highly -creditable to its character:
both -officers and soldier- seam imbued
with a p.opcr sense of duly, and conform
tolhe relrrnmv- of'exact discipline, vs till
dial cheerfulness which becomes The pro
Cession of -Vims. Thera is need, however,
nf furihcr legislation, to obviate tire incon
veuicncet specified m tile report under
cnutideralirm : to soma of which it is pro
per that I should call yonr particular at-
lantion.
The act of Congress of the £d March,
1£2I, to reduce and fix the military estab
lishment, remaining unexecuted as it re
gards the. command of one of the regi-
reginientt of artillery, cannot now be Jte-
mod n guide to the Executive in making
the proper appointment. An explanatory
act, desigpUTing the class nf officers out of
which this grade is to ho filled—whether
from tlie injlitory list, as'existing prior to
Ihe act of fill, nr from it-, as it has been
fixed by that ticT—wnnld remove ibis 1I1IG
culty. Ii is also iuipOriaut that the. laws
regida'ing the pay and emoluments of offi
ccrs, generally, should lie more specific
than they no-- are. Those, for example,
in relation to the Paymaster and Surgeon
General, assign to lhom an annual salary
of two thousand fire hundred dollars ; but
are silent as to allowances which, in ter
lain exigencies of ihe service, may bo dee
mod indisp,-n-iblc to the dischaige ol their
diiiiea. This circumstance lias been the
authority lor extending to ili'eni tlie Vari
oils allowances, at different times, nndcr
former administrations; but no uniform
rule has been observed on tlie subject. Si
milai inconveniences exist in oilier cases
in which the conitrocliun put upon the
laws by III- public accountants may oper
ate unequally, produce confusion, and ex
pose officers to tlie odium of claiming what
is not their due,
I r. commend to vour fusleiing care,
one of ourlsaferri means of national defence
Ihe Military Academy. This iiiitili-*ion
bus already exercised tlio happiest inflii
cm e upon the morals and intellectual cha
racter of oor army ; and such of the grad
nnics as, from various causes, may nnl
pursue the profession of arms. will ha
scarcely less useful as citiZc-rtv. Their
knowledgo of the military art will bo ad
VinlagJ-'!!!' 1 !* nmuluycd in the militia ser
vice; and, in a’measure Memo Lo tint
class of troops the advantages which, in
tills respect, belong to standing armies.
I would also suggest a review of tile
Pension law, for the put pose of extending
its benefits to every Revolutionary soldier
who aided in establishing our liberties, und
who is iinahlbin maintain himself in coin
foil. These relics ofifid Wav of Indepen
dence have strong claims upon their coun
try's gratitude and bounty. The law is
defective, in not embracing within its pro-
visions all those who were, during the Inst
war, disabled from supporting themselves
by manual labor. Such nil amendment
would add but little 10 tlio amount of poll
non*,-and is milled for by the syiqpatliios
of the people, ns w ell as by consideration*
of (imml policy. 1. will be perceived that
a large addition lo the list of pensioners
has been occasioned by an Older of tlio late
administration, departing materially frem
tho rules which had previously prevailed.
Considering it an net 1 f legislation, I siis
pended ils operation us soon as I war infur
mol that it hail commenced. Refine this
period, however, applications under the
new regulations hail been nrefoired to Ihe
number of one hundred and fifiv-foilr
of u bieli on the St7il> of March, the data of
its revocation, eighty-seven were admitted,
of the dividends on that fund : a Inch orig
inally amounted to one hundred thousand
dollars, and has.recently been Invested in
U. S.'Chreo per’cent sloak.
Tim condition and ulterior destiny of 1I10
Indian tribes vrilhin thelmiiis of sumo of
our Stares, have become object.* of much
interest and import jiiv-o.. It tins long been
tho policy ..f Government lo introduce a-
mong them the brtsofcIvitjznTbm, in tho
hope of gradually reclaiming them from a
wandering life. This ixriicy has,however,
been coupled with another, wholly incom
patible with dsinceess- Professing a de
sire to civilize end settle them, wohave.nl
tho same lime lost no opportunity To pur
chase their lands, and thrust them further
into (ho wilderness, lly this moans they
liavo n*t only been kept ill a Wandering
state, but bren led to lobk upon us ns un
just and indifli-tent to their fato Thus,
though lavi-li in its expenditure* upon the
subject. Government has constantly defea
ted its own policy ; and the Indians in gen
eral receding further and further 10 the
West, have retained llieir savage habits.—
A portion, however, nflhe Southern tribes,
having mingled much wlth'the whiles, slid
inado Mime progress in Ihe nrtsnf civilized
life, have lately nttemplcd to creel an indo
pendent government within the limits of
Genrgiu and Alabama. Thcjo Stales,
claiming to bn the only Sovereign* within
their territories, extended llieir laws avei
the Indians, which induced thp taper to
call upon the U. Slates for protection
Under tliot" aircuiiistnnrcs, the question
was,whclhcr Ibn General Government had
01 right 10 sustain those people in their pre
tensions? Tlie fJnniHtotian declares,that
••no new Stato slmfl be finmcil nr erected
wiiliin the jmlsdiction of .my oilier Slate,”
without'tho consent of ils Legisla'urc. If
tlio General Govcrnmrn- is not permitted
to tnlcibte the election of a confederate
Stale whhin tlie territory of one of the
members of Ibis Uiiinn,aga : ustlier consent
much Irsstnuld it allow a foreign and In
dependent government to i-tlablisli Itself
there. Georgia became n member nflhe
Confederacy which eventuated in our fed
eral union, ns a sovereign Plain, always
asserting her claim tu.ccrtain limit*: which
having hern originally defined In her coin
ninl charier, and sub-inuently recognize,I
in the treaty uf-peace, she has ever nince
continued In enjoy, c-Crpt bs they have
li-en circi,inscribed by her own voluntary
transfer nf a pardon of her territory loth.*
United Plntes, in the articles nf cession of
1 Cll-d. Alabama was admirteil into Ihe U
tiion on Ihe same fooling will; tlie original
Stoles, w ith boundaries which svcie pre-
sciibcd by C,ingress. There is no Consli-
lutional, convention.,I, o,legal provision,
which alluw'sThcm less power mcr ihe In
dians within llieir borders, tin,11 repossess
ed bv Maine or |New York. Would tlio
people uf Maine permit I lie I'pnubscnt
Irilio toorrtl an Independent Government
within their Slate? and unless they did,
would it notbotho duty of Tlio General
Government to support llieifl In resisilng
such a mtireare? Woiild'die people of N
A'ork permit each remnant ufthe Six IS'n-
liens w illiin her borders, 10 declare itself
au independent people, under the piotec
lion of Ihe United Stales? Could the In
riians establish a-eparnla republic on each
Of their reservations in Chiu? And if ili,,v
w ere so disposed, would it be the duly ol
tills Government to protect tlicni in the at
tempt? IT tlie principle Involved In tire
obvious answor to these qucstinnsjbe nban
Honed, it will follow that site objects of ibis
Government are reversed; amt that it has
become a part of its duly to aid in destroy
thislry. Util it skeins to mo v'reiuntry 10
suppose that, In tills state of tilings, claims
can ho allowed to tracts nf country on
which they have neither dwelt nor made
improvi ments, merely because they hero
seen them from the mountain, or passed
them in Ihe clmca. Submitting to tin-
laws oflhe Stalts and rcrciting, like other
ciiizens, protection in llielt persons and
propcitv, they will, ere long, become .met.
geil in ilia mires of our poptihiiiiin.
Tlio as.compnnying report of thn Secre
tary of tire Navy w ill make you acquainted
whh the condition and useful employment
of dial branch of Our service during die
present year. Constituting, at it does.tlie
best standing security of this country, a-
gainst foreign aggression, It claims die spe
cial ullentiun of government. In tills spir
it, the mi-av res which, Sinco 1I10 tormina
don of Ihe last war, have been in opera-
lion for its gradual enlargement, Were a
dopteil; and it should continue to he cher
relied'** iliu iilTspriuglof oin nationalexpori
eiico. fl will be seen, however, that,.lint-
withstanding the great solicitude which hut
been manifested for the peilVct nrganlza
lion of this arm, ami the liberality of the
appiopriatinns which that solicitude has
suggested, this object has, in many impor
tant respects, not been secured.
Ill .time of peuce, wo hare need of tin
more ships of war, than are dquisiloloiho
protection nf our cuiitiuerce. Those not
wanted for this object,must lav in the har
bor*, where, uiihont pinper covering, ilioy
riiplillv decay ; and. even under tho best
precautions for llieir preservation, nmsl
soon become useless. Such is already sin-
case with many of onr finest vessels; which
though unfinished, will now require ini
uiensn Mims nl inonev to ho restored 10 list-
condition in which they were, when com
milled to their present element. On this
subject them can bn blit little ilctihi, dint
our best policy wotilil he. lo di-con'lnm-
Ihe building nf ships of the first and second
class, anil look iniber to tlio poosscssinn of
ample materials, prepared for 1 lie emcr
gencies of war, than to the number of ve*
sols which we can float in a season nf peace
as an index of nor navnl power. Jodi
emus deposit* in NaVv Yards, of timber
and other materials, fashioned under tlio
hands of skilful ,,workmen, anil fitted for
prompt npplinniinn 10 their vaiinn* purpos
es,would enal lo us at nlltiinos.tocouslruci
vestela at fast as they can be inauiied, and
save Ihe heavy expense of repairs, except
to'sucli icssels ns must he employed in
guarding our commerce. The proper points
ft>r tlio establishment of llioso yards, are
indicated whit so much tbice in lire report
uf tin- Navy Hoard, that In rcciumnemihic
it to voiir uttfiition, I deem it unnecessary
to do >.tore'than to express nly hearty eon
enrrenre in llieir views. The Yard in ibis
OiMrid. being already furnished with inusi
nf lire machinery necessary for thiphiiild.
ing. w ill bo coinpelent to lire supply nf the
two st-lccttd bv lha Hoard ns lire best for
tire i-ooncnt'alinn of lontcriiils ; add from
lire facility mtd certainty nf -Omniiication
betwpen Ihen-. it will bo iisrlrts to incur,at
llioso depots, ihe expense of simitar maclil
ncry, especially lluit used in prepiring lire
usual mctallo and wooden furniture of ves
sels.
Another Imprnvment would he effected
by dispensing altogr-ilior with the Navy
(loiril, as now constituted ; and iilbtlilu-
ting in its stead, laireaus, similar to llmse
already existing in lire War Department.
Each member uf the Hoard transferred to
■he head nfa separate biirtnn.cbartctl with
specific duties, would feel, in its highest dr
gree, that wholesome responsibility which
III this general survey of our affairn *
subject of high ithportanue present* llsqir
In the present organization nflhe Judicia
ry. An uniform iperailon ol the 1 edeial
Government In the differem States is cer
tainly desirable; and, existing as they do
in tire Union, on lb« basis of paired equal
ity, each State hat a right to expect that
the benefits conferred on the cltlaons of
Others, should bo extended lo hers, 'J ho
itdiclal svstem nf the United Slates exists
11 *11 its Vffieleiicy In only fifteen members
ol tlie Union 1 to three others, tlio Circuit
Courts, which constitute an Important part
nf that system, have been llnpei fectly ex
tended | and, to lhe remaining six. alio
geilier denied. Tho effect has beeh to f CMt their eyes, and open llieir uurre/'n'"
withhold from the Inhabtiantl ol the latter „! " '.".""{IW'M,|hlt
Ihe advantages afforded (by the Supreme
nnaii.
MONDAY EVENING, Dgc.
14.
°— - 11 I,
The Fnililrm* Message, nnd ».
other interesting matter, has c u .i,pi|| cd
to exclude many nf the fav,„„ )f ^ u , , d
tlslnjf friends, which however, shall be uur-
ticularly attended loin our next nuntW#*
Tie Fair.—It is scarcely necessary „«
presume to reinindIhe public, who
Iieve been enxionsly iwaltlng the day, l(1
Court) to llieir fvllow citizens in other
States, in the whole extent of tho ciiminnl
end much of Ihe civil authority nf the
Fedeial Judiciary. Thai this stato or
things ought to bo remedied, if it can he
dune consistently with the public welfare,
is not to he doubled ; neither is 11 to bo
disguised that tho organization of our ju
dlclal *) stem, is at once 11 difficult and deli
calc task. To extend tho Clicuit Court*
equally throughout the different pnrts of
lire Union, and, attire saniotinre, 10 avoid
such a iiiultiplicnlitiii nf uumheis ns win.Id
encumber lire .Snprchic Appellate Tribu
nnl, is tho ohji-tt dt-sired. Perhaps it
might ho accomplished by dividing tlio
Circuit Judges into tlvn classes, end prnvi
ding that the Supreme t unit should bo
hold by those classes.nhcrunicly—tlieClilel
Justice always presidihg.
If an extension nflhe Circuit Court sys-
tem to those Slnlns which do not now en
joy its benefits should be determined upon,
it would, of rniirsi-, be irei-csvary to revise
the present arrangement uf lire rhcuitspind
even if that system sliuuld lint he enlaigcd
such a revision is rccoimireiidafl.
A provision fur Inking the census of Ihe
pcoplool the lliiilcd States, will, luoiisure
lire Fair for tire benefit of iho Female As*
lum will take place lo marrow the 15 J h '
Inst.,cotnmaiiclng nt 11 p’cluck A, ...
(ernilimtlng.nl to ii'ctnnk I', M.
Tie Preih/cnl't Menagepulille M .
pcctntlon has tech on Ilia stretch for the to
oelpt of the first offitinl conmiunlcaiioni,
tho- Nnlintnl Assembly, from ike
Chief Maglstinlo of ilia Utilon, Onr >,*
dors hare It before them this esrnin-.._!
Many eltcumstanees huso tended ~
particular hiteimt 10 tills dociinieni. q-u
decided rejeetiim of tho lata Federal E, ( .
Clltivo Officer, by ihe penpln.lefi no .lo a ; lt
Ihut it was fexpuuted from his iuecutor n,
remodel the policy that had, under is,
former administration, been adopted,
restore our relation* domosllc, ami
to that healthy and vigorous state, nl,],^,
pursuit uf theoretical, and bc-relofoit, u .
tried lohcuioi, hud tendoil lo weaken,,;
disorganise. Ilow far, it Is pruhable,'m,
just expcctntioiit will be realised,,,
lease overbroader of tire Presliiem'i «i h .
the completion ol that wr 1 k wiiliin aeon *aeo loi.dire—a man., ....
yenient lime, olsim lire early attention of ,a S e mess.iyo we are p,oad u
ing the Siaics which it was established to cannot Jre divided without n far more than
protect.
Actuated by this view nf the subject
proportionate diminitlinn of ils force Their
valuable services would bocoine still more
informed the Indians inhabiting parts of so when separately oppropiinicd to distinct
Georgia nn-J Alabama Hint tbeir attempt to portions of lire great interests of tire Navy,
establivhanindepeudenl government would tolhe prosperity of which ent-h would ho
not be countenanced by the Execnliveofl Impelled lo devote Mmselfby Hie strongest
lire U. Stales, and advised them to emigrate motives. Under rucli ^n arrangement
beyond the Mississippi, or submit to the
Ians of Ihnte States.
Oiir conduct towards these people Is
deeply interesting to our national uluirnn
ter Their prevent condition contrasted
with what they once were, makes a most
powerful appeal to our sympathies. Our
ancestors found lu-ln lire ubcontmlled pos
sessors of HitSit Vast regions. Ry persua
sion and force lliey hare been made 10 ro
lire from river to river, f min mountain to
inoiiiilaiu,untilsunreofilinlribi'S liarn be
come extinct, nnd others have loft but rein
nniux to preserve, foi n while, llieir nhee
ter/inle names. Surrounded by the whiles,
with llieir aril of civilization, which, by
destroying the resources of lire savage,
doom bin, to weakness nnd decay, lire fate
of lire Mohegen, lire Narriignnscii, and lire
Delaware, is fast overtaking the Choctaw,
the Cherokee, ond the Greek. That tills
fale surely awaits them, if they remain
wiiliin lire limits nf Hie State*, does nnt
admit of a d .nmt. Humanity and ualinn
al honor demand that every effort should
be made to aven u great a calamity. It
'j tovl.ilclo inquire whether It was jiist !n
tho United Stales to include them end their
lerritory'within the bminds of neiv State* cnuntiy, will appear front the Repot! of
whoso Ilinils they could control. That | lire Secretary, to J which I refer yo',, foi
every branch af ils important service,would
assume a more simple nnd precise charac
ter ; its efficacy would he increased, anti
scrupulous economy in (Ire expenditure of
public money promoted.
I Would recommend that tire marine corps
lie niergeiTwitli Ihe artillery got linfanliy
as the best mode of curing tho ninny dc
feels In ils organization. Hut little excee
ding ill number any of the rogiincm* ol in
fantry, Hint corps has, besides its Lieuten
ant Cniuuol Commandant, five llrovet l.t
Colonels who receive tlie full pay nnd
moUnncnls of llieir brevet tank, without
rendering prnpnrlionato service. Details
Of marina service could as well, be made
from tile infantry or artillery, there being
no peculiar training requisite fur ii.
With these improvements, lind such oth
ers as zenlous watchfulness and mature
cruisiilr-rntinn may suggest, there can ho
lililc dnlilii Hint, under nn energetic ad-
minisliDlinn of ils affairs, the Navy tony
soon he made every thing Hint the nation
wishes it lo In-. Its efficiency to the sup-
prcsiion of piracy in lire West India seas,
nml wherever ils squadrons have Ireoneui
played in securing tlie interests nf Hie
step cariilnl ho retraced. A Stale cannot
be dismembered by Congress, dr restricted
id tire cxvrcifo ol her cnnsiiiuiionalpower.
Hut tlio people dltbeie Slates,.and of eve
ry State, actuated ,bv feelings of justice and
regard lor our national honor, submit to
you the inierestiug question,whether some
thing cnlinn! bo done, consistently with the
rightv nf the Slates, to preservo this much
injured race?
As means of effecting this end, I sug
gest, for your r.nnsideraiion. the prnpriely
uf sotting apart an ample district. West uf
ntlior interesting iletail*. Amone inese, 1
grow.
would bespeak Ihe attention of Congroi
for the views presented in relation to ilie
ineqiinlity hetweon the Army nml Navy, n*
to Ihe pay nf officers. No such inequality
should prevail between these brave defend
ers of llieir country: ond wln-re |t does
exist, it is submitted tu Congrdet, whether
it might noi In lie 1 ci tified.
The report nf ihe I'osjinaiter General is
referred In ns exhibiting a highly kaiisl'acl-
orily adintoisiralinu of lhat Department.—
Abuses have been reformed ; iuiiri-nstid ex
Congress.
Tire great and constnnt increase uf bus!
ness in the Department nf Slain, forri-d 11
•elf, at an early period, upon iho atlctilion
of the Executive. Thirteen years ago, Ii
wvi, in Mr. Madison's Message to Cod
gross, made the subject of an earnest re
commendation, which has In-on repealed
by iiiith iiHiis su-wi-essnrs; nnd nly cnnip i
ratively ll|fi|fod experience has satisfied me
nf its justness. It has arisen from many
causes, not Ihe least of w hich is lire large
nddiimn that lias hern made in lire famlly
of Independent nations, an! lire proportion
ale extension of our foreign relaimns.—
The remedy proposed was lire e.-tablish-
nrenl nf a llmiui Department—a inensnro
which due* hrtt appear In liavo met iho
views of Congress, on account of its sup
posed tendency t ■ inclcas - gradually and
iinperccpttibly tire nlrcndy too strong bias
ufthe federal system towards tho excrciso
of authority not delegated to ll. I am not,
therefore, disposer) in revive lire recom
incndallnn ; hut am not iho lets impressed
with the importance uf so organizing this
Depasitueiii, that ils Secretary may ilernie
more of Iris lime to onr foreign relations.
Clearly satisfied that lire publio guild
wnnld Ire pinm.ried by some suitable provl
*ion)on the subject,I respectfully invito your
attentiun to it.
The charier of the Rank oflhe United
Slates expires in lU-IO.iind ils stockholders
will inns! probably apply foi n renewal nf
llieir privilege*. In order to Avoid Iho evils
resulting from precipitancy in a nreusnrc
involving auali Impmiaut principles, and
such deep pecuniary iutcresrs, I feel that I
cnnhnt, in justico ir, tlio parlies interested,
ton soon present it tu Ihe deliberate r.nireid-
r-ratinn of the Legislature anil the people.
Hutli the cosiitiiHniialiiy and the expedien
cy uf lire law (-renting this bank, are well
questioned by A large portion nf nur fellow
ciiizens, and it must' he admitted by all
Ural it hat lalleil in Ihe great end of estali
lishlng a uniform and sound currency.
Under these circuiml'nni 0, If such ail
Institution is deemed ccsenUal to the fiscal
operations of the Guverniiithl, I submit to
the wisdmn of tire Legislature, whether a
naiinnal one. founded upon (Ire credit nr
the Government nnd ils revenues might
not Ire rievitbrl, Which would avoid all edn
stitntionnl rlifficiiltm.nnd nt (ho same time
securq nil the advantages lo Iho Govern
ment and country that were expected tu re
suit from the present Rank.
I' cannot close this cdmiiiunicalinn, with
out bringing in your view tiro just claim of
lire representatives of Comrtindoro llecttlUr
his officers nnd crew, arising from there
Rapture of the rliilnrlelphia frigate, under
tllk lieasy batteries nf Tripoli. Although
sensible, a* a general rule, of tile inqiin
priety of Executive interference under a
Government like nuts, where every Indi
yidrial enjoys tire right of directly petition
ing Congress, yet, viewing tills ease as one
of a very peculiar character, I deem it my
duly to recommend it to your fiivnrnhlo
consideration. Resides tl^ justice of this
claim, nscorrespnnding to those which
have been sinco recognised nnd satisfied,ii
is lire fruit nf a deoil ol patriotic nnd chi
valrous daring, which infused life ami
confidence into nur infant Navy, andeou
tributed, as much as any exploit i n its
ItiSlory, lo elevate our national chnriicler
Public gratitude, therefore, stamps her seal
upon it; and Ihe meed should noi he with
held which mny hereafter opr rate a* astim
ulus to onr gallant l.vs.
1 now commend you fellow citizens, (0
lire guidance nf Alniighly God, wiilr a lull
rrlinncoun his merciful pinvlrlnnce for the-
maintenance of nur free institutions
and with an Harriett supplication, that
whatever errors it may homy lot to cmn
mil, iri discharging tire arduous duties
which have devolved nn me, will find a
remedy In the harmony & wisdom ti'yant
counsels.
ANDREW JACKSO?}.
sajr. for candor, chivalry, wisdom ami "
democratic principle. Uni lias not r,*„|
Ils equal since Urn pure, nml rigid ,l>„ ,,f
Joffcrsbn, and .Madison. It would be n.
per Alton* at the present lime 10 comnieat
on Ihe iliffcrtml subjects, that are so lutiJ.
ly Ircuied of. in thiscomiminicalion.-liT
would however p<rtlaltfaj-ly coniineml n,»
distinct lino Which I* drawn between ibs
stole, and lederaf sutlrerily, and Ihe na-
pie succcduneum will Ii is pr posed to quo
ct the angry ciinfroversios respecting cos.
structlve interpretations of tire Con»tit«
lion— n reference nt mice to the people.
Tire Doctrines of tlio Presfilom, reaped)
|ng the rights of the Indians, ft will be
are diracily in accordance with thasn rhi
have governed Georgia, in proicaith;
elnima against them. The happy illi
Hon he urako- respecting lha fallal
llieir pretended rights to self-govornini
illllo (Ire St os. shews that tills sul
like all others nn which he treals.has rn
erl his careful inveiilgntion, and met
his prompt, and candid decision. Hi
cause has notbihg to fear from the justi
and hilellig-nco of Goa. Jackson,
renewal or lira charter nf the United Stale
Rank is likewise a subject that t.,rgely
claims Ihe public atiention. The views
Hit President, hi relation 10 this iniiili
lion, we think a.a highly perflneut,
his suggestions will, we doubt not, rtetie
from Congress that curly, ami due tor; 'i
gallon, which will secure to them, if
ad,their intended efficacy^withuivoiwJ
any sudden revulsion adverse vitkt tan
osis ol tho Bank. This It a sa lijcArU
moment, to Ihe monied iiiititulnrin tfl
Country—to tho cuirenoygenerallfi
sliuuld, and will, no doubt, be ap|»
with cautiun. Rut it should lilsewiss
approached without fear, and treated
ils merits solely—without bias froe
friendly capitalists, nor prejudiee froe
opponents.
The President broadly assorts, in' 1
think all must agree with bliss-—that it
failed in the object for which It was
luted,—the establishment ol an u
currencyi It of course then is
its Inter ded purposes, and shosUi
place to some more adequate syito
In Icoiicusion, we would rec:
careful, and repeated perusal °f<&'
hie stole paper, as cunveyiiig * b
portrait of the present condition of d<
(ton, its prospocts, nnrl.il* resonrcrv"
a sound, and enlightened outlim fj
future policy
m
tho Mississippi and without' Hie linlite of I pediUou in the tranSpnrration uf the inail
any States or Territory.uow formed, in Ire I sernreri j anil itareveriUe inbch imr,trued,
guararitieil to the Inrlhm tribes,'»* long os In a pnlilKit point of view, thisDepait-
they shall occupy it; each nil* Having 0 [ment i« ehienv Hnjioitont as affording the
disliricl biinlroul over ihe porltnri Uesigua j means of rlifliising U111111 ledge. Itistothu
led for ils use.a-There they may be ttfcilr-1 body piilitic, tvirnt Ihe veins and at'eiies
ed to iho enjoyments of govfcrniiieriil dl art lb Hid milural, conveying rnpWlly and
llieir own ehu|c«. subject tu iid olher doll regularly, lo thri robniletl parts of t|,o sys-
troril frrtrii the United fUates, thari such as tem. coirreut hiformaUun of lire operarlons
may 1)0 neefisSaty tri preserve peace on the of tlln Goreinment, and Iniiighig back to
il tins U'i.lwssi nrirl rAiiliiu.. ..<* VI.-i ” .. •
Canal Flour nr.d Negro
(Shoes.
M DHLS I-trial Flour, (tno pairs
tIV Negro Shoes, for sale low, land
ing frum seb.r. Oregon.
J. STONE.
dee 5 gqo
frontier, and batwern lire several tribes.—
Tilere the benevolent ittny -endbavnur to
leach them the alls uf-civilization; ami by
pioiubting union & lutwony among tliem,
ir the wisltba nnd feel'm;., „f Ilia people,
Through us agenbV, wri Have secured to
ourselves Ibe frill enjqymeul of Hie bless
ings of a free press,
Canal Whiskey.
URLS Canal Whiskey
zsqg E„r able by
IIALE,SMARTER 55TUPPER.
dec 4
St. Croix Sugitrs.
db .large lihds. priure bit. Cinix S11-
Wv gars, lor .sale low, by
hall, s.iavtur &ti:pper.
dje a
Ertraonlinanj Dcipatch.—Vie f**
dent's Message was received i«A"#" ll '1
Thursday last al mid-day'-" 1 ’ 1 / 4S ^
after its delivery. It rcaclieJ ^hailci
jn 60 hours. Twenty eight Iwurs to
il to Fayetteville, and the distance
Raleigh and Fnyetteville—BO " u 'p
completed in 3 hours atid-i*"" 1 " 18 ^
speed, we imagine, gpirtiderlag lb''
nover heforo eqir.,|l«d. It >' cn '', l( "! l j l! i
that it shitll roadb New Orion')* * n I
front Washington, Truly, this it
tiaUug tire remotest parts of tin " J
'sVc-aro compelled, however to* “
paragraph with ail unli-tlinrax-
sage errived In this city ° B 'I ]
morning! wliorons ir any tbl"8 jl
parativo speed had been inel" 1 * 1 " J
Charleston, wo could liavo
our renders on Sfttu»'4uy. I ,C mn',e>
was omployeil to convey It W* w
to this city, that spo! It r® 1
to Augusta. |,ii tH
This uncxnmplrd desynt ■
to more than orrflnnry eom»'« . ^
the clrniiinaf-' n.coUnit it 1 "” | iel „jl
by Ihe volnnnny exor"" 1 " ''
iraetors. wire »iib
all ifififiS offoreil tlrclr. C ru sl ui |lj
to forward','in <1.0 *"«•“^ *l» J
this universally oxpecred, 0 M
,„re,,.ngfrft|M
Union. It wen d
nnd New York in 13 1,0 '