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<§fauiwfr of O!stttott.
“The friends of the Union are our friends,SUld its
enemies. our enemies."
TUESDAY UOKVIMO. Jan. VI.
CHANGE OF PUBCLIAT ION.
We have changed oui day of publication to
Tuesday, which will be continued until the
next session of the legislature.
FIRE AT MIDWAY.
The following Circular communicates the'
unfortunate intelligence of the destruction, by
tire, of the Steward’s Hall, attached to the I
Academy at Midway. We are gratified to learn
that the exercises of the Institution nre already
rr» lined, and that Mr. Stubbs will, in a few i
days open his boarding house for the accommo
dalion of the students.
CIRCULAR.
Midway, January 19, 1J37.
SIR—I he Steward's Hall, connected with ,
our Institution, was this morning, at about 9 o’- !
clock, consumed by lire. It is made my duty, I
Chairman ot the Executive Committee of the j
Board ot Trustees of Oglethorpe University, to
communicate the fact to you, and to state that
although the loss to the Institution is considera
ble,yet but little inconvenience will result there
by.
Tho exercises of the Academy will be re
sumed to-morrow, in the building heretofore
occupied. Mr. STUBBS, our Steward, will, in
a few days, open his Boarding House, for the
accommodation of the Students, and will oc
cupy the dwelling house now used as the Acad
en ’.'.'. l ' ,e building near it, and another
building fitting up for the purpose, also near •
In the moan time ample arrangements have b< ; eii
made, free of charge, for the accommo l.tion
of the Students at this place and in tha City o f
Milledgeville.
I regret to add, that some of the effects of the
Students were unfortunately consu ned.
Verv respectfully,
SAMUEL ROCKWELL, Chairman.
THE EXPUNGING RESOLUTIONS.
The resolutions offer.-d by Col. Benton
two sessions ago, to EXPUNGE from the
journal of the U. S. Senate a gross libel upon
the character of General Jackson, has passed
that body by a vote of 24 to 19—five
members absent. The intelligence, we
learn, wa, brought by the Express mail of
Sunday last.
This is one act of signal justice to an in
ured patriot, and will be hailed with accla
mation by the American people.
THE TARIFF.
We are much gratified to learn, that this im
portant subject is again before Congress, and
that strong hopes are entertained of a material
reduction, in spite of Mr. Calhoun’s compromise.
A motion to lay the Bill on the table, was lost
in ths House, on the 12ih inst. by a majority of
twenty five votes.
W e shall soon see how far, compromises of
political aspirants aro to bind the honest legis
lation of the country.
BIDDLE’S BANK.
The right of a State, to judge of 11 infrac
tions" of her sovereignty, as well as “ the. mode
and measure of redress," is a doctrine so broad
ly laid dow n—so strenuously maintained, and so
stubbornly adhered to by the nulliliers, since
1831, that we did not expect to find a single
member of that party, shrinking from this fun
damental principle of liis creed, at the moment
when a most flagrant attempt is making to
usurp those rights. We were nut prepare 1 for
a change so sudden and so great.
But “ times change and men change with
them ;” and we behold those, who have been a
mi.ng the loudest advocates for nullification
for the absolute and unconditional sovereignty
of the States, not, silently, submitting to tlcir
open violation, but actually defending the vio
lators.
So far as we have seen the newspaper dis
•ussioits upon the late movement of the United
States’ Bank, in Georgia, tho Union presse ss
speak one unanimous language. They all de
■ounec the act,so far as the United States’ Bank
i* concerned, us a direct invasion of the reser
ved rights of tho State, and as assuming pow
er*, tin; grant of which, belongs to her people. I
Wo are proud to sec a course so decidedly re
publican, maintained with so much unanimity
by the Union party —a party which has been
branded with the epithets ofsubniissionist—con
•olidatiouist—and lory; standing upas tt lias al
ways stood, fortlie pure principles of constitu
tional State sovereignty.
A case has now arisen in which all men de
voted to those sacred principles may unite, a case
in which the infraction is too palpable to be mis- I
understood, and where the remedy lies within
the peaceful and constitutional action of the '
State Government. The corrective is in the j
hands of tho people, and may be applied thro’
their representatives in the legislature.
It requires no extraordinary movement to
drive out the invaders. N:» Conventions or Or
dinances are excitement or vi
olence j and that such power belongs .to a
State, of t..is Union, as reserved under the com
pact, it shall be our business to shew in due sea
son.
We take the broad ground, that the legisla
ture of Georgia possesses the unqualified right
to repeal a Bauk Charter, or any other act of
incorporation passed for the exclusive benefit ol
the persons incorporated, and their associates,
and when this op uiou shall be fairly and fullv
controverted, it shall be our business to sup- I
pert our position Isy reason and argument. But
will the principle lx- denied ? It may, but we
have no right to expect it from the Union partv,
from our knowledge of their firm and inviolable
attachment to the rights of the States ; noi '
eould it be looked for from the nullifiers, ifthev
have been sincere in the position they him
occupied, in regard to the powers of States.
Yet, money is power, and power will find par
' ■ • iv e s': u! >
| etray not only weekness, but a total ignorance
jof human nature, were we for a moment to
imagine that tin army of thirty-live millions of
dollars, could be conquered without a struggle.
I\\ e know better. We know that the Bank will
| find advocates, but we know ami feel, that the
| honest yeomanry of the country will overpower 1
them.
\\ e are told by the friends of this movement,
that it will do good to the country—that it will '
make money plenty, and furnish exchanges I
upon easy and model ate terms, and that, take '
it all in all, it is one of the best things which i
could have happened in Georgia. It will not
bo st, and it it is tolerated by the people, it will
prove a scourge and a pestilence. It will op- !
press our State institutions, monopolize all the
exchanges—expand and contract,at pleasure—
; and pressure and panic will be the order of the
day.
j If they are permitted to carry on their ope-
I rations, it will not be long before they will, with,
their immense capital, monopolize all that is
| profitable in Banking and Exchanges, and. i 1( .
| citizens of Georgia, thereby deprived of bene
fits to which they are ext lusively entitl'd. under
i the law and the constitution.
If Banking is profitable, it is dv c ; 0 our own
i citizens, that they should reap i|- e advantages
j arising from the system, and 5 t i s j n v iolation°of
i right and justice, -j should bo al
' lowed to interfere, or in a av w ise to participate.
I We say foreigners, be- at.se it is a notorious
i fact, that a very large portion of the United
Slates Bank is held, ty subjects of foreign Gov
ernments—Grea’. Britain, Franco, &c.
Are our citiz to be driven out of the money
market, ortr.er; political rights usurped by for
eign specu'.a.urs and capitalists I Arc we so
weak or so wicked that the fiscal concerns of’
our co u'itry cannot be managed by our own p?o
--1’1- *r Or are we so degraded that the subjects
•* England and France are to be called to reg
al ate our affairs, and teach us how to handle our
I own money 1
Let every independent republican answer
these questions, and we shall hear one general
, burst of indignation from one end of the State
j to the other.
The President of the United States has
notified the Senate to convene on the 4th of
March next, for the purpose ofholding an
Executive session.
Foil THE STANDARD OF UNION.
I
Mr. Editor— The recent operations of
the Insurance Bank of Columbus, in trans
ferring its charter to the control of Nicho
■ las Biddle, E<q. virtually transferring it in
to a irunc/t of the United States' Bank of
Pennsylvania, has created no little excite
ment among the people; and hoiv could it
he otherwise ; What are to become of our
boasted Slates Hights nnd State sovereign
ly, if such an act is tolerated in Georgia.
Our own people are not suffered to carry on
Banking operations without the consent of
the Legislature of Georgia; ami shall a for
eign institution, with a capita! 0f30,000,000, '
insidiously plant its branches among, and ’
seek to control all the monied operations of
the State? Wonderful audacity! but the;
people will not submit to it; they cannot ; !
and Mr. Biddle will soon find himself in a
nest of hornets, it he shall continue pursuit
j in his impudent intrusion.
We believe that the Insurance Bank has
virtually forfeited its charter, bv transcend
ing the plain meaning and intent for w hich
it was created. Can it be believed that the
power which brought this Bank into exist-
I ence, would have ever done so, had it been
| known that it was the intention, or ever
would he the intention of its stockholders
i to have placed it in the hand- of Nicholas
, Biddle, as an opeialive machine for the
[United States’ Bank, or any other foreign
[ Bank. Never! never!
I Mr. Editor—l will before long, hand yon '
[anotherarticle on this subject, in which it is
my design to discuss it more fully. I will
j endeavor to show, sir, that if this ba k is'
. [suffered to carry on its operations, tinder its
I recent transformation, that it will he entire- •
ly ii« opposition t<> the Constitution of the i
State and a violation of the intent ami spir- *
iit of its charter. Th it it will control the !
[entire commercial ami planting interest,,
cause a great scarcity ts mimey and re-\
dice the price of cotton.—That the mer
chant will be shaved deeper in his monied
operations, ami that the whole per centum at
last, will come out of the farmers’ pockets.
1 li it the local Batiks will necessarily cur
ia I their own operations, draw in their ac
: I'ommod itions, nml give place to the circu
lation of a paper currency issued not only
by a foreign bank but by one whose stocks is
owri-il principally by the cnpitalistssof
France and England.—A FARMER.
From the Augusta Constitutionalist.
UNITED STATES BANK.
We ptiblidi in this day’s paper a comma- i
nication taken from th- Boston Courier,
which must attract attention at tliis time. I
i The article speaks for itself, it requires mil
comment. We will observe however, that, [
1 if the Bank o' - the United States acts in the
manner the w riter ol the communication |
represents that institution to have done, a
inong friends and supporters—among those '
who did not sp ire tiieir invectives against j
the federal admini-tration for its hostility t<>
that bank—what have we to expect whin !'
located among us ? Can we expect more' 1
liberality ami disinterestedness ? Can we I
deceive our»t Ives so inucli as to believe that | 1
the United Stales Bank intends to establish | '
its power in Georgia, merely for our own '
accommodation and benefit and for the re- 1
luction am' equalization of exchange? 1
Uhe idea is preposterous ami ridiculous. 1
Two leading papers in the State, ofoppo
site parlies, have taken a decided stand a
uairist the establishment of the power of the '
United States Batik, in Georgia f the Fed- I
•ral Union and Recorder have re-echoed
'he voice of the people. We find,diowev- I
■r, that the papers of Macon are giving an ;
indirect support to tie ariangemeiil in qnes- I
ion. The Telegraph says : “A“ inajm iti ,
4 the stock in the Insurance Bank of Co- i
iimbus, has been transferred, by the late t
toi kholders, to Nicholas BiddJe, of Phi Li
- This transaction is viewed hy i
’•> I. • I. to-;; j | to tlm :■! I-?.;: <•' '
Georgia; while others esteem it injurious
to her interests ami degrading to her char
acter. For ourselves we cannot view the
matter in any other light than as a lair busi
ness trusaaction, in w hich one p r .ity was at
liberty to sell ami the other to purchase.
I 1 he effect it may have on tire currency or
’ the ex, hange, w e should think, cannot be
much worse.” And the M css.etigerobserves:
•• Much unnecessary x.pprehension is fell,
ami as we conceive, -a r reat deal of snper
thious comment exy ressed by the ncvvspa
pe s, at a recent transfer of a portion ol
stock (mid mu . a za | e o f the charter, as rep
• esented,) made ov the Insurance Bank ol
Columbus, to Xl|-. Biddle. We cannot
, eouiprehep d j lc force of the reasoning used
to show thc.t by this transfur a fraud has
been ecu ni jt( Vl l on t| le legislation of the
State.. The terms of the charter, whether
we vensuit the letter or spirit of ii, do not
*'*•'strict the owners of the stock in their tie
o c (iations for the sale of the same. Indi
. v idaala either in or out of the State may
i t beavme purchasers of the stock; and if the
, provisions of the charter are not violated,
!we cannot see how the ownership of the
I stock can be made a subject of legislative
I interference. The people in this part of
I the country appear to be well satisfied with
1 ; the arrangement, and whether A, B or C,
s [ all or either ot’ them are stockholders, is a
t[ matter of indifference ; provided the insti
- [ tulion be managed on fair, equitable ami
.[banking principles. We know that it will
s i be the policy of the Bank to do a liberal
] business; we were going to say that it will
be absolutely necessary, tl.at they should do
so. We are well assured that the Branch
in Macon will pursue a policy acceptable to
the people, and not at variance w ith the in
terests of our local Banks. The views of
’ j the direction in this place we are acqttain-
II ted with from long ami intimate assoiia
■, tion, and we can with confidence say, that
!' they would not be accessory to any measures
.' tnat would prove detrimental to the inter
r i est ol our city, or that could be regar
! ded as a fraud on the legislation of the
! State.”
r [
I The principal ground assumed by’ these
. papers, in an indirect support of the ar
rangement, is, that the stockholders had the
right to sell their stock to whom they please.
Certainly they bad that right, as there is
; no provision in the charter which could
f have prevented them from disposing of their
! interest in that institution in the manner they
did ; they could have sold their stock to
lire Khan ofTartary as well as to Air. Bid
dle. But it never was contemplated by the
) legislature that the control of the institution
I should ever fall into the hands of other
|- men but citizens of Georgia. Intheskelch
. wr give below of the provisions of the char
. ter, it will be seen that the legislature
. thought it had provided against any control
p of the bank by other individuals than citi
. zens ot Georgia.
In presenting the following sketch of the
• provisions of the charter of the Insurance
• Bank, we beg l< ave to ask the question,
whether the control of the institution by the
I United Slates Bank, comports with the
( | spirit and letter ot that charter, and w ith the
I intentions ot the legislature in granting it ?
I What does the preamble say ? That,
‘•whereas insurance companies property
j conducted are beneficial to society, bv divi
ding among many , losses which would oth
erwise fall heavily on few ; and whereas the
[ good ol this Stale would be promoted by
keeping w ithin it, the large sums of money
w hich are now annually sent to the north,
to pay insurance on southern property; and
whereas an insurance bank, located at Co
lumbus, willing (or a reasonable premium
to take risks on buildings and merchandise,
is much desired by the merchants ami oth
ers ol that ami the neighboring towns,” jizc.
This preamble breathes the spirit of the
legislature. The Insurance Bank was in
corporated with the view of operating as a
stale institution, and ot preventing large
sums <>j money from being sent annually to
the north. And yet, by the transfer of the
; stock to Air. Biddle ami his associates, the
j views of the legislature ate to be put aside,
[ and the benefits resulting from the opera
i lions of the institution, are to be enjoyed by
[individuals m>t citizens of Georgia’!
By the second section of the charter, it is
I d dared that lite capital stock of the ’ttsur
[ ance Bank, shall be §300,000, with the
privilege ol' increasing it io §600,000.
. By the sixth section, the Bank is autlmr
| ized to issue bills or notes of credit, for three
times the amount of the capital stock paid
in.
By the seventh section, the corporation
lias full power to insure propertv an effects
of every description, against losses by fire
or water, Bie.
One of the fundamental articles of the
constitution of the corporation, is, that lite
number of votes to winch each stockholder
shall be entitled, shall I e according to the
number of shares lie shall hold, each share ]
to be entitled to one vote. If Messrs. Biddle I
& Co. have purchased a majority of the j
(shares, it is very clear that the. control <>f
| the institution is in their hands, mitwithstan
ding the amount of shares that may be
] owned by citizens of Georgia. That Messrs.
| Biddle Co. have not purchased the entire
j slock, is interred from the second article,
which declares that none but a stockholder
[ entitled in his own right to 50 shares, ami he-
I ing a citizen of the State, shall be eligible
ias a director. The five directors of the
I mother bank at Columbus, must own al
[ least 250 shares, a.id if the second article
applies as well to branch directors, 750
[shares at least must be owned by the 15
directors of three branches, which, by the
till) section of the charter, the Bank has
the power to establish in the State.—So
that 1 000 -bares, out ol 6000, must be ow ti
ed by citizens of Georgia. If the 20 direc
tors of the mother bank and branches, do
not own 1000 shares, the charter will have
Ireen forfeited.
f Bv the 12th section the corporation is to
sejist for thirty years. The charter was
eranted December 26, 1831 ; it has there
fore 25 years to run.
Here is an institution, chartered will
banking ami insurance privileges, for th<
tfood of the state, and for the purpose ol
keeping within it the large sums of monev
w hich arc annually sent to the north, to'pay
insurance on southern property, p need it
the hands of individuals, not ciliz ns of tin
state, who will no doubt endeavor to tnalu
ii as profitable to lltem-clves as they possi-
in v hb'lrm - ' rno-’n* <>f «an-|i
THE STAND ARD OF liNiO N.
profits from the state to enjoy it elsew here.
Lus this expected by the legislature, when
they granted the charter?
Trom the Constitutionalist.
THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
It is surprising to what despicable shifts the
oppositio resorts, for the putpose of throwing
obstacles to Air. Van Buren’s being sworn into
the oilice lor which he was chosen by a large
majority of the electoral votes. Itis’said that
he will be an usurper; that lie was not elected
by a majority of the people of the United
States ; and that he should, therefore, be nre
'ented by force from being placed in die pres
idential chair. The people of the United
St.ites cannot certainly be deceived by such
unfounded assertions, as much devoid of truth
as of matter of fact. Air. Van Buren has been
elected by a majority ol the electoral votes and
l by a majority of the people; but if we place
40,'iUO votes against him in Sou’ll Carolina,
there will be a majority of about 20,< (() votes
against him in the United States. How has it
been ascertained that Mr. Van Buren had not
one supporter in South Carolina, either as a
first or see nd choice, or in preference to Gen.
Harrison? li the sense of the people ofSouth
Carolina, could have been ascertained, at the
recent election, it would heve turned out that
i a majority would have declared themselves for
I Mr. Van Buren, in prel’erence to the other
| candidates, when a candidate of their choice
could uot be started with any prospect of suc
cess. And notwithstanding what the state
rights presses in the south may sav, there is no
doubt tnat a majority ot the people of South
Carolina are satisfied with the election of Air.
Van Buren by the electoral colleges. It is now
asserted that post masters in the States of New-
Vork, Pennsylvania and other states which
gave their votes to that gentleman, were elect
ors: that being postmasters they were not eli
gible as electors, and being ineligible, the whole
electoral votes given by those states are invali
dated and void. What a conclusion these
wiseacres have arrived at ! Because one or
two or three ineligible citizens were chosen e
lectors, the proceedings of the whole electoral
colleges are to be made null and void ! Those
oppositionists knew that three or four votes
would not change the result of the election;
hence the bright idea of invallidatiug the whole
ofthe electoral votes given by New York, Penn
sylvania, ami other states. Failing so far in
their plan to defeat the will ofthe people, will
the opposition stop in their reckless career?
Will they attempt to create new obstacles be
fore the inauguration of the new president.
. We would not be surprised at some other devi.
ces being adopted; but the will ofthe ma;ority
will have to be obeyed : Mr. Van Buren will be
placed in the presidential chair in spite ofthe
opposition.
MR. BIDDLE’S BANK, HIS PATRIOT
ISM, IBS POLICY, AND CONDUCT.
To the Editor of the Boston Courier.
The remarks in your paper of Wednes
day last, on the subject ol Air. Biddle’s pt o
fessions and his practices meet my hearty
approbation. To me it seems you have
“shown up” Mr. Biddle, in his true colors.
A man so conspicuously situated, who
wields more than a tenth of the Bank
ing capital of this vast country, who has at
tained to vast consequence, by having been
for a long period, at the head ofthe great
est monied institution in this country, and
backed and strengthen* d looby the use and
handling of many tens of millions ofthe
public money, —such a man, to whom all
eyes and minds aie directed as one pecu
liarly fitted and situated to afford relief in
j the tinparelled difficulties of the money af
| fairs ofthe countty, should not exhibit, on
I a calm review, the disgusting spectacle you
have presented. And yet, the pit lure you
have drawn is undoubtedly true to the let
ter. Air. Biddle’s letters are before the
;woil l, and he cannot retract the bombas
, tic professions helms made of his pure and
ardent devotion to his dear country, and
its interests. One would naturally suppose
on reading his gratuitous strictures on the
( conduct of others, his expressions of deep
feeling for a suffering people, and his vol
] tinteering to devote his best faculties for
the correction of abuses that he really was
the sincere friend of the people, and the
country. But how stands the fact? Has
Mr. Biddle striven with lite great means he
possesses to relieve a suffering community ?
lias he employed a portion of the im
i mense capital of the Bank he directs to aid.
the merchants and others of our city, where
are to be fount a host of his enthusiastic
i admirers a host ot men who heretofore have
been ready almost to deify him ; has he, 1
[ask, pursued an honorable and magnanim
j ons course, and aimed at doing good?
Or has lie not rather seasoned and spiced
j his Av’m/Zy aid with the very essence of
[ most told usury ? His course, here in
Boston is but tc.:> well known ; —all that
j you have stated and insinuated is most true.
1 happen to know a recent case exactly in
point, where one of our most respectable
! Imuses asked ol' Air. Biddle’s agent the
discount of a draft of §SOOO at 60 days
ion New-York. The aeent condescended
to offer to take it «s a favor, at the inter
| est and two percent exchange off, thus,
I proposing to put into the honest, patriotic
I pockets of Air. Biddle, eighteen percent,
per anum interest! The member of the
firm applying for the discount declined it,
hoping to do better. He succeeded in ob
taining the money, without extraordinary
effort, ata Bank in State street, the same
day, and was charged only a half per cent,
exchange and the legal interst—thus er
caping from the insatiate grasp of Mr.
Biddle, “to the tune of” seventy five dol
lars, in this single transaction ! This as
must be believi d, is not tin isolated trans
action ! It' it is urged that it is, copious
eases, wit* l lull proofs, shall be furnished -
Comment upon such conduct on the pat tot
the great vol ntcer champion of the peo
ple, and the country, it would seem, is hard
ly necessary. Still lam aware so tam<
have some ot our people become, by tlu
constant experience of being shaved, that
it is urged, that Biddle’s agent don’t skin
any harder than others! Indeed, that
those tiered are filled with love and grati
tude for the moderation and delicacy of'tin
operation! Even the very re.pei table a
gent himselt has urged, (I speak advisedly j
that the victims would most gladly, thank
fully have submitted to harsher knives am
leepcr cuts if insisted on ; and this h<
■ rged as a justification ol' the practice!
It liar, been urged by some of the deyotei I
ind subservient a inirers of Air. Biddle'
bathe never would have authorized stub a
otirse; that it has been adopted and pm
• ned by his ageir, wiihi.ut his knowledge.
?or Air. Biddle’s reputation 1 wish this
rrrr trit' - , wen’ it not for bis egent so: '
whom 1 have heretofore cherished feelings!
' I great respect.
But <m this point there can be no doubt.
The agent would never, of his own motion,
have volunteeied in such a course. Be
sides, it is well known Air. Biddle has been
addiesscd on the subject, has been respect
tully asked if he has authorized such course*
and though more titan a fortnight has elap
sed, he has not condescended to give atty
answer, —he has been as “silent as an oys
ter.” Why has he not answered ? espe -
cially, why has he not answered if he
feels that the course pursued is a justifiable
and defensible one? lie knows too, full
well that it is in violation ofthe spirit of the
charter under which lie acts, that if the
same course of policy should be attempted
in the city where he lives, the merchants
would cry aloud against it, and that he
would have to encounter the well merited
repptobation of a spirited community.
No! No! Air. Biddle knows too well the
intellinence and spirit ofthe sober people
of Philadelphia, to dare for one moment to
attempt to obtain an exorbitant rate of in
terest, by charging two per cent, exchange
on New-York. Sooner than endure such
a prostitution of the powers wielded by
him, their ow n grant, they would pull his
i bank down about his ears—not a stone
would remain unmoved. And will Boston
nians, will the people of Massachusetts,
suffer a foreign Bank to establish an agen
cy here, to wield a capital not subject to
taxation, boldly to go on violating out
laws by taking most exorbitant interest,
I while at the same time our government ri
■ gidly restrains the Banks of its own crea
[ lion from such a course ? They cannot
[ and ought not to suffer it. No arguments
i that will stand the test of examination, can
he urged in support of it, and if it is ac
[ quiesced in, if a miserable ‘available’ policy
is encouraged and pursued, well may all in
telligent and good men pray, “God save
j the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.”
Athens, Jan. 21.
RAIL ROAD STOCK.
As previously announced, one thousand
shares ofthe Stock of the Georgia Rail Road
[ and Banking Company were offered for sale in
this place on Thursday last. It was all imme
[ diately taken at premiums ranging from §lo,to
[ sll 25 per share ; and all disposed of to about
| thirty individuals.
The liability of Rail Road Companies
( for the payment of damages for injuries sus
tained by passengers, has been clearly re
cognized by the Superior Court of Massa
chusetts, in a recent decision in the case of
Lieut. RUSS, of the U. S. Navy, and six
seamen, who were injured by the concussion
of two locomotives, on the Boston and
| Providence Rail Road, some months since,
i We have heard (says the Boston Centi
i nel,) that the minute investigation has in-
I creased the public confidence in Rail Road
travelling, showing more precautionary
measures in these Corporations against ac
cidents than were supposed to exist. The
verdicts in the six sailor causes were as, fol
lows ;
For Howell, who was severly inju
red in a delicate part, §2,250
For James Thompson, who lost the
calfof his leg, §2,250
For Murdock, who received an in-
ternal abdominal injury, §3,000
For White, for fracture ofthigh bone
&z shortening his leg one inch, §1,500
For Cummings’ who had his collar
bone broken, but deserted from
the Hospital, §175
For Raw son, who broke bis fore arm,
and also deserted, §175
Total, §9,350
The Jury were four hours in agreeing on
the main points. A ter these verdicts were
rendered, the Counsel agreed upon a ver
dict to be given by the Jury without evi
dence or discussion for Lt. John A. Russ
for two thousand dollars—making in ail,
eleven thousand three hundred and fifty dol
lars.
Some of the sailors are said to be still lin
gering ‘n the hospitals. The most eminent
counsel were engaged, on both sides, and
the favorable result of the trial, to the in
jured men, is stated to be marly attributed I
to the exertions and perseverance ol'Capt.
Percival, of the U. S. Navy, who himself
caused the prosecutions to he carried on,
and was personally responsible for all the
costs ofsuit, in case the decision had been
advcrsdto the seamen.
Charleston Courier.
The Pork Market.—Welearn through our
western exchange papers, that the price of that
indispensable eatable, hog meat, has fallen very
considerably in the principal pork-market in the
Union. On the Bth ult., contracts to a large a
inount, were made in Cincinnati at $5 per cwtt
The next day some heavy sales were made a
s 4 75 and $4 50. The Cincinnati Evening
Post says that live hogs are extremely abundant
in the country [the contiguous paits of Kentucky
and Ohio,] and that the pi ice of pork must come
down. This depreciation in the price of pork at
Cincinnati, however, can have very little effect
upon the market of East Tennessee, as the a
mount ot Pork left in tho country is scarcely e
.qual to the necessary demand.— Col. Sent.
New-Orleans, Jan. 12, 1837.
A citizen of New Orleans who has lately
returned from Vera Cruz, where he met
with a gentleman recently from the city of
Mexico, received from him the following
communication, which we give our readers,
•vithout however having any other knowl
edge as to how much reliance ought to be
placed upon the statements.
TO THE FRIENDS OF TEXAS.
A gentleman just arrived from the city of
tlexicohas been an eye-witness to the great
reparations making by that government I
o open the Spring campaign with great
rigor.
The troops were well clothed and amph
rovided with every tiling necessary for the
ampaign.
The numbers are much greater than is
nentioned in any of the newspapers, sax
bout 16,000.
Gen. Bravo, at a procession of monks,
priests, &,c. swore extermination to evert
H ing he could find in Texas, without re
tard to age or sex.
Friends ot’ Liberty! Now is the time foi
•on to look out—do not be lulled to .sleej
iy false reports —be aware that you havi
t a powerful enemy to cope with. ,
;V. O. Com. Bude!in.
I We are indebted to a gentleman ol this
city for the following extract of a letter da
ted,
Vera Cruz, Dec. 1, 1836.
Dear Sir—Since my last, aclmnue has
been effected in the functionary ol the com
mandaucia ofthe stale Vera Cruz. On the
10th ult., Gen. Antonio de Castro assumed
the charge of this office by order wf the su
preme government, but whose appointment
is understood to be only temporary, Gen.
V icioria having been mimed by the Cabinet
ot Mexico to fill the station and who it is
expected will soon reach this place.—Gen
eral Guiaco Vasquez had become unpopu
lar, and w'as, it is believed, consequently su
perseded.
Within the last fortnight, intelligence has
been received at this place of a movement
against the administration at Papuntla, a
town near Tuspan. An ancient guerilla
w arrior, an Indian of the name of Olarte,
has taken np arms in fi.vor of a change of
government, at the head of about one thou
sand men, principally Indians, and who it
is supposed may at this time possibly be io
possession ofTuspan.
Sbaidd this prove true, his influence may
perhaps extend to Tampico. Troops have
been despatched from this to put Olarte.
down, but which is somewhat doubtful. The
last advices from the interior were, that
General Bravo, commander of the forces
destined for Texas, was at or near San
Louis Potosi—with abtmt four thousand
men, in place of eight thousand as promis
ed by government, and that, in consequence
of the government not having supplied the
number of troops, and failed to raise tne
necessary means for prosecuting the Cam
paign. General Bravo had it is said, sig
nified his intention or wish to resign the
command, but was willing to serve in the
ranks. The troops were greatly disafiect
ed, one regiment having revolted, conse
quently many executions ot officers and
privates had taken place.
There is little reason to believe that the
projected campaign will ever go into effect
—the want of money, men and officers to
lead are insurmountable obstacles.
7’he Mexican naVy, consisting of the
V incedor del Alamo, the Bravo, the Fama
and the Urrea, and the brig, thi; American,
brig Fourth of July, is at present in this
port, all with the exception of the latter,
winch is daily expected to arrive from
I ampico, and which they are unable to put
to sea for want of means.
Capt. Ribeaud, of the Mexican service,
has recently been promoted, and is appoint
ed to the command of the squadron. This
however is an unpopular measure with the
officers ol the navy, who have expressed an
inclination to throw' up their commissions,
lin case the appointment is insisted on by
government.
The American seamen, eight in number,
belonging to the United States sloop of war
Natchez, and who were imprisoned at this
place by order of the late military comman
dant general, were released and delivered
to the charge ofthe consul of the United
States on the 25th nit. No proofs, as 1
am informed, have been produced of the
criminality of these seaman.
The Alinister Plenipotentiary of the
Alexi can government to the United States,
arrived at this from New York a few days
since, and as 1 understand, has returned
somewhat dissatisfied with proceedings at
Washington, and savs that a war is inevita
ble between the two countries.
The next packet from France is-expect
ed to bring Gen. B.istamente from whom
much is exp< cted. He will probably be
elected to the presidency. Air. Tourme,
the present secretary of war, and deficto,
the head ol the government, is beginning
to lose his popularity, and will, 1 doubt not,
ere long, be consigned to humble life. His
measuresare too despoticeven tor the pres
ent administration, much more so for the
great mass ofthe population, who are op
posed to the present military system Os gov
ernment.
I look upon this country as on the verge
of ruin, and unless there be a change in
affairs, it may become necessary for Eng
land, France or some other power to assume
a guardianship over it, inasmuch as it is ap
parently utterly unqualified to control its
affairs as a nation.
1 am, yours most respectfully iyc.
I* rom tho Natchez (Mississippi) Courier.
CAUSES OF THE RELEASE OF SANTA
ANNA.
The following communication comes to hand
at a very favorable juncture, when the presses
from every quarter are rife with speculations
respecting the reasons that actuated the Texian
Chief Magistrate in releasing the President of
Mexico.
For the information and satisfaction of those
ata distance, who feel interested in the welfare
of this interesting country, perhaps it may be
no more than proper for us tostate, that the gen
tleman who favored us with this communication,
is a highly respectable gentleman of the Natch
ez Bar, and who, being intimately acquainted
with the headof the Government, and the lead
ingmen of Texas, has all the adequate op
portunities of speaking authentically on thesub-
This expose of the course of policy adopted
by the Texians, is highly satisfactory, and al
though we have been inclined to doubt the ex
pediency ofthe measure, we aro now convinced
that the interests tmd wellaie of the infant Re
public may be really promoted by Santa An
na’s restoration to liberty, while at the very
worst it can do no harm, if the results anticipa
ted therefrom should not be realized.
To the Editor of the Natchez (Aliss.) Courier.
Sir:—The Mexican General, Santa Anna,
and his friend and aid-de-camp, Colonel Al
monte, have been released from their captivity
in Texas, and passed up th river a few daysa
go on their way to the City ot Washington.
They are escorted on behalf ofthe Texian Gov
ernment by Colonel Hockley, Inspector Gene
ral of the army, Colonel Bee, late Secretary ot 1
the Treasury, and Captain Patton. I accom-l
panied them from this place to Vicksburg, and I
the views which have induced the visit of San- J
ta Anna to our Capitol have been placed in my
possession with tho request that ! should makn
pub’ic so much of them as might bo interesting
■ o the people of this country.
In view of the speedy and pacific adjustment
if the sanguinary war which hasexisted between
Ab xico and Texas, the Captive General solici
ed permission from the Texian Government ti
brow himself upon the protection ofthe Unite<
states, and claim tho interposition of the nmdi
itory offices of their Chief Alagistrate. He pro
mised to acknowledge the Republic of Texas tu
ndependent and sovereign nation—or to agree
to the incorporation of her territory into the
North Amciican Union, if the other parties in
terested should so determine. Being a prisoner
ol war—and the Mexican Government having
expressly declared that it would hold no negoti
ation with Texas through General Santa
while lie so remained in duresse, it became ne
cessary, ii ids authority and influence were to
lie made available at all, that he should at once
be placed in a different attitude, in which ho
might set free and untraninn led, unbiassed bv
any disparaging circumstances; but according
to his unquestioned legal right, that he should,
in .act, be restored to the lull and complete pos
session ot all his lawful authority and power as
President ol Alexico. To effect this, his imme
diate and unconditional release by the Govern
ment ol Texas was indispensably requisite ; and
under the petuliar circumstances which exist,
in connecti. n with his captivity, it was deemed
advisable that the pacific officers should be in
voked of some neutral power, friendly to both
of the belligerent parties, and impai tial between
them. General Santa Anna, therefore, propo
sed to visit Washington, and .solicit the media
tion of the Picsideut of tho United States, and
iiis proposal was acceded to by the Executive of
1 exas, who believed that nothing could possi
bly be gained by detaining him longer. On the
Ist ol Aiareli next, the term of of bis President
ship will expire, alter which time he would bo
utterly valueless as a prisoner.
1 lie people ot i exas are anxious to termiii
ate their war. j hey wish to live at peace with
Alexico. 1 hey desire most heartily to establish
their Government, and, it possible, to annex
themselves to our own Union. Thev could
hardly hope to attain their object while they
held the Chief of their enemy in the bonds of
iiiiprisonment. They have, therefore, in a spirit
ot magnanimity, deserving of all praise, volun
tarily surrendered to him his liberty, on the
pledge of his word of honor, that the war shall
be terminated, that peace shall be restored, that
the relations of amity and friendship shall be
cultivated and cherished. To detain him could
avail them nothing ; to lelieve him, afforded at
least the prospect of advantage. If their hope
shall be realized, the blessings of a prosperous
peace will fall upon them; if disappointed, the
execrations of the civilized world will be visited
ujion their enemy, and him whom they have
conquered, they can conquer again.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN ROSS.
Natchez, 21st December, 1836.
From the Columbus Herald, Jan. 20.
ALARAI IN THE CREEK NATION.
Intelligence has just been received in our
I city that the Indian Warriors who wereen
[ camped about 25 miles from this place tin
der charge, of Lieut. Sloan, broke loose
yesterday morning and took to the woods,
[carrying with them their Rifles, ammuni
tion, &a-.! their (lumber is some two bun
dled, and there is every reason to believe
that they are as hostile'as at any period of
the late Creek war. A family came into
town last evening, who had fled from a
larm, stating that the Indians appeared nu
merous in the neighborhood where they had
lived —that they were constantly whooping
and shooting around their dwelling and
gave every demonstration of hostility—as
we stated a fortnight since, there are about
lour hundred wai riors yet remaining in the-
Creek Nation, am! agre*<ibly to our best
information, they have all good Rifles and a
supply of powder and ball; what damage
may they not do? What defence have the
Wliite-? The friendly Creeks now at •
D.ide’s battle ground digging ditches*
would be of more service at home.
The Volunteer Companies of this City
hold themselves ready ata moment’s warn
ing to lake the field, we have not learned
whether the Covernor of Alabama has or
dered out any troop—the news has proba
bly not reached him yet.
From the Savannah Georgian Jan. 17.
LATEST FROM FLORIDA.
By the steamer Santee. Capt. Brooks, ar
rived yesterday from Garey’s Ferry via
Jacksonville, we have received the follow
ing which exhibits the party of Indians,
which captured Mr. Dell’s negroes, as
more numerous than before reported.
Two of tile negroes too, have been cru
elly murdered by the blood thirsty sava
ges.
(Frowi our Correspondent.)
Courier office,
JACKSONVILLE, Jan. 11—9 a. m.
LNDIAN DEFREDATION'S. AGAIN..
Indians in the rear of th Army.— On
Thursday last, 11 or 12 negroes belonging
to Air. B. M. Dell, going from Black
Creek to Newnansville, were captured by a
party of Indians. The particulars are giv
en in the following letter.
To the Editor—
Dear Sir : Lest a wrong construction
should be put upon the capture of Air. B.
M. Dell’s negroes, I give yon as near as I
can, the particular's. .
Two or three weeks Air. Dell sent a
party of his blacks to Ins plantation near
Newnansville, hoping that so near the fort
at that place, it would be safe for him to
make a crop this year. Finding from the
presence ofthe Indians, no safety could be
found there, he rented a.place in Houston
county—whither he intended to remove his.
iblaeks. On Tuesday or Wednesday last*
he started a wagon and team, with 12 ne
groes from Black Creek to join those al
ready al Newnansville in order to go from;
ihence to Hamilton County. Yesterday,;
the sth inst. about eleven o’clock, 11 were
captured near Mrs. Monroe’s place, on the*
road from Black Creek to Newnansville,
by, it is believed, 20 or 30 Indians. One
only made his escape. The United States,
baggage train was before them, but how far
I do not know. The militia from this and
Nassau . county, sent as an escort to said
train, under command I believe, of Lieu
t nniit Hart, passed the wagon and negroes
hut a short time previous to the capture,
and fortunately took with them from the
wagon Mr. Deli’s little son, William, who
would otherwise have fallen a victim to In
dian barbarity.
1 write in iiaste. Should 1 learn farther
particulars I will inform you.
Respectfully your ob’t serv’t,
JAMES DELL.
January 6th, 18337.
e are indebted also to the politeness of
('<>l. Dell tor the following letter to him, by
ivliii li it will be seen that the Indians made
their retreat—that their numbers in
• reused on their way by others joining them
—and that they inhumanly murdered two
■itlhe eleven negroes they had taken pris
mers. Isaac was a prime negro fellow and
vas probably stubborn, or perhaps he op
msed the murder of the little negro boy
f harles, and for that opposition lost bis
life.