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cost (if mad transportation during that year was i i
six hundred and seventy-four thousand nine hun
dred and fifty-two dollars greater than the previ
ous vear. Much of the heavy expenditures to
which the Treasury is thus subjected, is to be as
cnhed to the large quantity of printed matter con i
ve;>ed by the mails, either franked, or liable to no
postage by law, or to very low rates of postage
compared with that charged on letters; and to die
great cost of mail service on railroads and by ocean
steamers. The suggestions of the Postmaster Gen
eral on the subject deserve the consideration of
Congress.
m , interior.
*he report ot the Secretary of the Interior will
engage your attention, as well as useful sug
gestions it contains, as for the interest and impor
°* ,^ie su hjects to which they refer.
Ihe aggregate amount of public land sold dur
ing the last fiscal year, located with military scrip ;
or land warrants, taken up under grauts for roads,
and selected as swamp lands by States, is twentv
tour million five hundred and fifty-seven thousand
four hundred and nine acres ; of which the portion !
sold was fifteen million seven hundred and twenty
nine thousand five hundred and twenty-four acres, j
yielding in receipts the sum of eleven million four
hundred and eighty-five thousand three hundred
and eighty dollars. In the same period of time, j
eight million seven hundred and twenty-three :
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four acres have |
been surveyed ; but, in consideration of the quan
tity already subject to entry, no additional tracts
have been brought into market.
The peculiar relation of the general government
to the District of Columbia, renders ii proper to
commend to your care not only its material, but
also its moral iutere-ts, including education, more
especially in those parts of the district outside of
the cities of Washington and Georgetown.
The commissioners appointed to revise and codi- I
fy the laws of the District, have made such pro
gress in the performance of their task, as to insure j
its completion in the time prescribed by the act of j
Congress.
Information has recently been received, that the j
peace of the settlements in the Territories of Ore
gon and Washington, is disturbed by hostilities on i
the part of the Indians, with indications of exten- 1
hi ve combinations of a hostile character among the
tribes in that quarter, the more serious in their ;
possible effect bv reason of the undetermined for- j
eign interests existing in those Territories, to which
vour attention has already been especially invited.
Efficient measures have been taken, which, it is
believed, will restore quiet, and aft'ord protection
to our citizens.
In the Territory of Kansas, there have been acts
prejudicial to good order, but as yet none have oc
curred under circumstances to justify the interposi
tion of the federal Executive. That could only be
incase of obstruction to federal law, or of organ
ized resistance to territorial law, assuming the
haraeter of insurrection, which, if it should occur,
it would be my duty promptly to overcome and
suppress. I cherish the hope, however, that the
occurrence of any such untoward event will be pre
vented by the sound sense of the people of the Ter
ritory, who, by its organic law,possessing the light
to determine their own domestic institutions, are
entitled, while deporting themselves peacefully, to
the free exercise of that right, and must be protect
ed in the enjoyment of it, without interference on
the part of the citizens of any of the States.
The southern boundary line of this Territory has
never been surveyed ancf established. The rapidly
extending settlements in that region, and the fact
that the main route between Independence, in the
State of Missouri, and New Mexico, is contiguous
to this line, suggest the probability that embarrass
ing questions of jurisdiction may consequently
ari3e. For these and other considerations, 1 com
mend the subject to your early attention.
CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY Os THE GOVERNMENT.
1 have thus passed in review the general state of
the Union, including such particular concerns of
the federal government, whether of domestic or
foreign relation, as it appeared to me desirable and
useful to briug to the special notice of Congress.
Unlike the great States of Europe and Asia, and
many of those of America, these United States are
wasting their strength neither in foreign war nor
domestic strife. Whatever of discontent or public
dissatisfaction exists, is attributable to the imper
fections of human nature, or is incident to all gov
ernments, however perfect, which human wisdom
can devise. Such subjects of political agitation, as
occupy the public mind, consist, to a gTeat extent,
<>f exaggeration of inevitable evils, or over zeal in
social improvement, or mere imagination of griev
unce, having but remote connection with any of
the constitutional funtions or duties of the federal
government. To whatever extent these questions
exhibit a tendency menacing to the stability of the
constitution, or the integrity of the Union, and no
farther, they demand the consideration ot the Ex
ecutive, and require to be presented by him to
Congress.
Before the Thirteen Colonies became a confede
ration of independent States, they were associated
only by community of trans atlantic origin, by geo
graphical position, and by* the mutual tie of com
mon dependence on Great Britain. When that tie
was sundered, they severally assumed the powers
and rights of absolute self-government. The mu
nieipal and social institutions of each, its laws of
property and of personal relation, even its politi
cal organization, were such only as each one
chose to establish, wholly without interference
from auv other. In the language of the Declara
tion of Independence, each .State had “full power
to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, es
lablish commerce, and to do all other acts and
things which independent States may of right do."
The several colonies differed in climate, in soil, in
natural productions, in religion, in systems of edu
cation, in legislation, and m the forms of political
administration ; and they continued to differ in
these respects when they voluntarily allied them
selves as States to carry on the war of the revolu
tion.
The object'of that war was to disenthral the Uni
ted Colonies from foreign rule, which had proved
to he oppressive, and to separate them permanently
from the mother country- the political result was
the foundation of a federal republic of the free white
men of the colonies, constituted, as they were, in
distinct, and reciprocally independent, Estate gov
ernments. As for the subject races, whether In
dian or African, the wise and brave statesmen of
that day, being engaged in no extravagant scheme
of social change, left them as they were, and thus
preserved themselves and their posterity from the
anarchy, and the ever-recurring civil wars, winch
have prevailed in other revolutionized European
colonies of America.
When the confederated States found it conve
nient to modify-the conditions of their association,
by giving to the general government direct access,
in some respects, to the people of the States, instead
of confining ii to action on the States, as such,
they proceeded to frame the existing Constitution,
adhering to one guiding thought, which was, to
delegate only such power as was necessary and
proper to the execution of specific purposes, or, in
other words, to retain as much as possible, con
sistently with those purposes, of the independent
powers of the individual States. For objects of
common defence, and security, they intrusted to
the general government certain carefully-defined
functions, leaving all others as the undelegated
l ights of the separate independent sovereigties.
Such is the constitutional theory of our govern
ment the practical observance of which lias carried
us, and us alone, among modern republics, through
nearly three generations of time without the cost
of one drop of blood shed in civil war. With free
dom and concert of action, it lias enabled us to
contend successfully on the battle-field against for
eign foes, has elevated the feeble colonies into
powerftil States, and lias raised our industrial pro
ductions, and our commerce which transports
them, to the level of the richest and the greatest
nations of Europe. And the admirable adaptation
of our political institutions to their objects, com
bining local self-government with aggregate
strength, has established the practicability of a
government like out s to cover a continent with
confederate States.
The Congress of the United States is. in effect,
that Congress of sovereignties, which good men in
the Old World have sought for, but could never at
tain, and which imparts to America an exemption
front the mutable leagues for common action, from
the wars, the mutual invasions, and v ague aspira
tions after the balance of power, which convulse
from time to time the governments of Europe.
Our co-operative action rests in the conditions of
permanent confederation prescribed by the Consti
tution. Our balance <>f power is in the separate
reserved rights of the States, and their equal re
presentation in the Senate. That independent sov
ereignty in every one of the States, with its re
served rights of local self-government assured to
each by their co-equal power in the Senate, was the
fundamental condition of the Constitution. With- ;
out it the Union would never have existed.
However desirous the larger States might be to
re-organize the government so as to give to their
population its proportionate weight in the common
counsels, they Knew tt was impossible, unle-- thev
conceded to the smaller ones authorin' to exercise
at least a negative influence on all the" measures of
the government, whether legislative or executive,
through their equal representation in the Senate.
Indeed, the larger States themselves could not have
failed to perceive, that the same power was equally
necessary to them, fi r the security of their own do
mestic interests against the aggregate fi >ree of the
general government. In a word, the original States
went into this permanent league on the agreed
premises, of exerting their common strength for
the defence of the whole, and of all its parts; but
of utterly excluding all capability of reciprocal ag
gression. Each solemnly bound itself to all the ;
others, neither to undertake, nor permit, any en
croachment upon, or intermeddling with, another’s
reserved rights.
Where it was deemed expedient, particular rights
of the States were expressly guarantied bv the con
stitution ; but, in all things beside, these rights ,
were guarded by the limitation of the powers
grauted. and by express reservation of all powers i
not granted, in the compact of union. Thus, the i
great power of taxation was limited to purposes of t
common defence and general welfare, excluding ob- 1
jects appertaining to the local legislation of the se
veral States; and those purposes of general welfare
and common defence were afterwards defined bv
specifie enumeration, as being matters only of co
relation between the States themselves, or between
them and foreign governments, which, because of
their common and general nature, could not be left
to the separte control of each State.
Os the circumstances of local condition, interest,
and rights, in which a portion of the States, consti
tuting one great section of the Union differed from
the rest, and from another sectiou, the most im
portant was the peculiarity of a larger relative co
lored population in the southern than in the north- j
era States.
A population of this class, held in subjection,
existed in nearly all the States, but was more nu
merous and of more serious concernment in the
South than in the North, on account of natural
I differences of climate and production ; and it was
; foreseen that, for the same reasons, while this >
, population would diminish, and, sooner or later, j
, cease to exist, in some States, it might increase in j
i others. The peculiar character and magnitude of ]
this question of local rights, not in material rela- J
j lions only, hut still more in social ones, caused it !
to enter mto'the special stipulations of the Consti- :
tution.
| Hence, while the general government, as well by- i
the enumerated powers granted to it, as by those j
not enumerated, and therefore refused to it, was '
forbidden to touch this matter in the sense of at- ’
I tack or offence, it was placed under the general j
safeguard of the Union, in the sense of defence i
against either invasion or domestic violence, like
all other local interests of the several States. Each
j State expressly stipulated, as well for itself as for
! each and all of its citizens, and every citizen of
each State became solemnly bound by his allegi
| ance to the Constitution, that any person, held to
service or labor in one State, escaping into anoth
j er, should not, in consequence of any law or regu
| lation thereof, be discharged from such service or
: labor, but should be delivered up on claim of the
I party to whom such service or labor might be due
by the laws of his State.
| Thus, and thus only, by the reciprocal guaranty
; °f the rights ot every Stale against interference on
’ the part of another, was the present form of gov
! eminent established by our fathers, and transmit
ted to us; and by no other means is it possible for
;it to exist. If one State ceases to respect the rights
of another, and obtrusively intermeddles with its
local interests—if a portion of the States assume
to impose their institutions oti the others, or refuse
jo fulfil their obligations to them—we are no long
er united friendly States, but distracted, hostile
ones, with little capacity left of common advantage,
j but abundant means of reciprocal injury and mis-
I chief.
Practically, it is immaterial whether aggressive in
j terference between the States, or deliberate refusal
on the part of any one of them to {comply with
I constitutional obligations, arise from erroneous
; conviction or blind prejvdice, whether, it be perpe
| trated by- direction or indirection. In either case,
, it is full of threat and of danger to the durability
| of the Union.
CONSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS Os SLAVERY.
Placed in the office of Chief Magistrate as the
executive agent of the whole country, bound to
take care that the laws be faithfully executed,
and specially- enjoined by the Constitution to give
information to Congress bn the state of the Union,
jit yvouhl be palpable neglect of duty on rav
! part to pass over a subjectlike this, which, beyond
all things at the present time, vitally concerns
i individual and public security,
j It has been matter of painful regret to see
Suites, conspicuous for their services in founding
this Republic, and equally sharing its advantages,
disregard their constitutional obligations to it.
Although conscious hf their inability to heal ad
. : niitted and palpable social evils of their own, and
which are completely within t'uir jurisdiction,
they engage in the offensive and hopeless under
taking of reforming the domestic institutions of
1 other States wholly beyond their control and au
; ' thority. In the vain pursuit of ends, by them en
-1 tirely unattainable, and which they may not legal
-1 l v attempt to compass, • they peril the very exis
j tence of the Constitujion, and all the countless
1 benefits which it has conferred. While the people
°f jhe Southern States confine tneir attention to
their own affairs, not presuming officiously to in
termeddle with the social institutions of JSfortnern
‘ Suites, too many of the inhabitants of the latter
place are permanently organized in associations to
1 : intiiet injury on the former, by wrongful acts,
I which would be cause of yvar as between foreign
J * powers, and only fail to be such in our system, be
‘ canse perpetrated under cover of the Union.
* , It is impossible to present this subject as truth
' and the occasion require, without noticing the re
-1 ' iterated, hut groundless allegation, that the South
has persistently asserted claims and obtained ad
’ vantages in the practicel administration of the gen
eral government, to the prejudice of the North,'and
: . in which the latter has acquiesced. That is, the
' States, which either promote or tolerate attacks on
the rights of persons and of property in other States,
to disguise their own injustice, pretend or imagine,
and constantly aver, that they, whose constitutional
rights are thus systematically assailed, are them
selves the aggressors. At the present time, this
1 imputed aggression, resting, as it does, only in the
vague, declamatory charges of political agitators,
resolves itself into misapprehension, or misinter
pretation, of the principles and facts of the political
organization of the new- Territories of the United
States.
What is the voice of history V When the ordi
, nance, w hich provided for the government of the
territory northwest of the river Ohio, and for its
eventual subdivision iuto new States, was adopted
' in the Congress of the confederation, it is not to
' be supposed that the question of future relative
1 powers, as between the States which retained, and
those which did not retain, a numerous colored
population, escaped notice, or failed to be consider
ed. And vet the concession of that vast territory to
the interests and opinions of the Northern States,
‘ ; a territory- now the seat of five among the largest
members of the Union, was, in a great measure,
1 the act of the State of Virginia and of the South.
When Louisiana was acquired by- the United
1 j States, it was an acquisition not less to the North
than to the South; lor while it was important to
the country at the mouth of the river Mississippi
to become the emporium of the country above it,
iso also it was even more important to the whole
' | Union to have that emporium ; and although the
i new pro vice, by reason of its imperfect settlement,
was mainly- regarded as on the Gulf of Mexico,
| yet, in fact, it extended to the opposite boundaries
of the United States, with far greater breadth
above than below, and was in territory, as in every
j thing else, equally at least an accession to the
Northern States. It is mere delusion and prejudice,
therefore, to speak of Louisiana as acquisition in
the special interest of the South.
The patriotic and just men, who participated in
that act, were influenced by motives far above all
sectional jealousies. It was in truth the great event
which, by completing for us the possession of the
valley of the Mississippi, with commercial access
to the Gulf of Mexico, imparted unity and strength
to the whole confederation, and attached together
by indissoluble ties the East and the West, as well
as the North and the South.
As to Florida, that was but the transfer by Spain
to the United States, of territory- on the east side of
the river Mississippi, in exchange for large terri
tory, which the United States transferred to Spain
on the west side of that river, as the entire diplo
matic history of the transaction serves to demon
strate. Moreover, it was an acquisition demanded
by the commercial interests and the security of the
whole Union.
In the meantime, the people of the United States had
, grown np to a proper consciousness of their strength,
and in a brief contest with France, and in a second se
rious war with Great Britain, they had shaken off all
which remained of undue reverence for Kurope. and
‘ emerged from the atmosphere of those transatlantic
influences which surrounded the infant Kepublic, a-d
had begun to turn their attention to the full and sys
tematic development of the internal resources of the
Unian.
j Amerg the evanescert controversies of that period,
the most conspicuous was the question of regulation
j by Congress of the social condition of the future States
to be founded in the territory of Louisiana.
The ordinance for the government of the territory
: north-west of the river Ohio had contained a provision,
which prohibited the use of servile labor therein, sub
ject to the condition of the extradition of fugitives
from service due in any other part of the United States.
Subsequently to the adoption of the constitution, this
provision ceased to remain as a law ; for its operation
as such was absolutely superceded by thexonstitution.
But the recollection of the fact excited tue veal ot so
cial propagaudism in some sections of the confedera
tion . and, when a second State, that of Missouri, came .
to be formed in the territory of Louisiana, proposition
was made to extend to the fatter territory the restric- i
tinn originally applied to the country situated between
the rivers Ohio and Mississippi.
Most questionable as was this proposition in all its
I constitutional relations, nevertheless it received the
sanction of Congress, with some slight modifications
of line, to save the existing rights of the intended new
State It was reluctantly acquiesced in by southern
States as a sacrifice to the cause of peace and of the
Union, uot only of the rights stipulated by the treaty
of Louisiana, but of the principle of equality among
the States guarantied by the con titution. It was re
ceived by northern States with angry and re-entful
condemnation and complaint, because it did not concede
all which they nad exactingly demanded. Having !
passed through the forms of legislation, it took its
place in the .*>tatu ebook, sta-ding open to repeal, like f
any other act of d mbtsul constitutionality, subject to
be pronounced null and void by the courts of law. and
possessing no possible efficacy to control the rights of
* the S'ate*', which might thereafter be organised out of
any part of the original territory of Louisiana.
iu all this, if any aggression there were, any innova
tion upon pre-existiag rights, to which portion of the
Union are they justly chargeable ?
This controversy passed away with the occasion,
nothiug surviving it save the dormant letter of the sta
tute.
But long afterwards, when by the proposed accession
of the Republic ot Texas, the United States were to
take their next step in territorial greatness, a similar
contingency occurred, and became the occasion for
systematized attempts to intervene in the domestic af
fairs of o e section of the Union, in defiance of their
rights as States, and of ihe stipulations oft'e constitu
• tion. These attempts assumed a practical direction, in
the shape of persevering endeavor l *, by -ome of the rep
resentatives. in both houses of Congress, to deprira
the southern States of the supposed benefit of the pro i
visions of the act authorizing the organization of the '
State of Missouri.
But. the good sense of the people, and the vital force
of the constitution, triumphed over sectional prejudice
and the political errors of the day. and the State of
Texas returned to the Union as she was, with social in
stitutions which her people had chosen for themselves,
and with express agreement, by the re-annexing act.
.hat she should be susceptible of subdivision into a plu- j
rality of States. *
Whatever advantage the interests of the Southern <
. tales, as such, gained by this, were far inferior in re- I
suits, as they unfolded in the progress of time, to those
which sprang from previous concessions made bv the
South. J
To every thoughtful friend of the Unien—to the true
lovers of their country—to all who longed and labored
for the full success of this great experiment of republi
can institutions—it was cause of gratulation that such
an opportunity had occurred to illustrate our advanc
ing power on this continent, and to furnish to the world
additional assurance of the strength and stability of
the constitution. Who would wish to see Florida still
a European colony ? Who would rejoice to hail Texas
as a lone star, instead of one in the galaxy of States?
M ho does not appreciate the incalculable benefits of
the acquisition of Louisiana ? And yet narrow views
and sectional purposes would inevitably have excluded
them all from the Union.
But another struggle on the same point ensued, when
our victorious armies returned from Mexico, and it de
volved on Congress to provide for the territories ac
quired by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The great
relations of the subject had now become distinct and
clear to tbe perception of the public mind, which ap
preciated the evils of sectional controversy upon the
question of the admission of new States. Inthatcrisis
intense solicitude pervaded the nation. But the pat
riotic impulses of the popular heart, guided by the ad
monitory advice of the Father of his Country, rose su
perior to all the difficulties of the incorporation of a
new empire in*o the Union. In the counsels of Con
gress there was manifested extreme antagonism of opin
ion and action between some representatives, who
sought by the abusive and unconstitutional employ
ment of the Legislative powers of the government to in
terfere in the condition of the inchoate States, and to
impose their own social theories upon the latter ; and
other representatives, who repelled the interposition of
the general government in this respect, and maintained
the self-constituting rights of the States. In truth, the
thing attempted was, in form alone, action of the gen
eral government, while in reality it was the endeavor,
by abuse of legislative power, to force the ideas of
internal policy, entertained in particular States, upon
allied independent States. Once more the constitution
and the Union triumphed signally. The new Territo
ries were organized without restrictions on the dispu
ted point, and were thus left to judge in that particular
| tor themselves; and the of constitutional faith
i proved vigorous enough in Congress not only to accom
i plish this primary object, but also the accidental and
I hardly less important one, of so amending the provi
j sions of the statute for the extradition of fugitives
I from service, as to place that public duty under the
safe-guard of the general government, and thus relieve
it from obstacles raised up by the legislation of some of
the States.
Vain declamation regarding the provisions of law for
the extradition of fugitives from service, with occasion
able episodes of frantic effort to obstruct their execu
tion by riot and murder, continued, for a brief time, to
i agitate certain localities. But the true principle, of
leaving each State and Territory to regulate its own
laws of labor according to its own sense of right and
expediency, had acquired fast hold of the public judg
ment, to such a degree, that, by common consent, it
was observed in the organization of the Territory of
Washington.
When, more recently, it became requisite to organize
the Territories of Nebraska uud Kansas, it was the nat
ural and legitimate, if not the inevitable, consequence
of previous event-and legislation, that the same great
and sound principle, which had already been applied to
Utah and New Mexico, should be applied to them—
that they should stand exempt from the restrictions
proposed in the act relative to the State of Missouri.
These restrictions were, iu the estimation of many
thoughtful men. nulitrom the beginning, unauthorized
by the constitution, contrary to the treaty stipulations
fertile cession of Louisiana, and inconsistent with the
equality of the States.
They had been stripped of all moral authority, by
persistent efforts to procure their indirect repe\l thro 7
contradictory enactments They had been practically
abrogated by the legislation attending the organization
ot Utah, New Mexico, and Washington. If any vitality
remained in them, it would have been taken away, in
effect, by the new territorial acts, in the form original
ly proposed to the Senate at the first session of the last
Congress. It was manly and ingenious, as well as pa
triotic and just, to do this directly and plainly, and thus
relieve the statute-book of an act, which might be of
future injury, but of no possible future benefit; a T dthe
measure of its repeal was the final consummation and
complete recognition of the principle, that no portion
of the United States shall undertake, through assump
tions of the powers of the general government, to dic
tate the social institutions of any other portion.
The scope and effect of the language of repeal were
not left in doubt. It was declared in terms to be
’ the true intent and meaning of this act not to legis
late slavery into any Territory or State, nor to exclude
it therefrom but to leave the people thereof perfectly
free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in
their own way. subject only to the constitution of the
United States."
The measure could not be withstood upon its merits
alone It was attacked with violence, on the false or
delusive pretext, that it constituted a breach of faith.
Never was objection more utterly destitute of substan
tial justification. When, before, was it imagined by
sensible men, that a regulative or declarasive statute,
whether onacted ten or forty years ago, is irrepealable,
—that an act of Congress is above the constitution ’
; If, indeed, there were in the facts any cause to impute
j bad faith, it would attach to those only, who have
never ceased, from the time of the enactment of the
restrictive provision to the present day, to denounce
and condemn it who have constantly refused to com
plete it by needlul supplementary legislation; who
have spared no exertion to deprive it of moral force ;
wh > have themselves again and again attempted its
repe.l by the enactment of incompatible provisions;
and who, by the inevitable reactionary effect of their
own violence on the subject, awakened th» country te
perception of the true constitutional principle.of leav
ing the matter involved to the discretion of the peo
ple of the respective existing or incipient States.
It U not pretended that this principle, or any other,
precludes the possibility of evils in practice, disturbed
as political action is liable to be by humaD passions.
No form of government is exempt from inconveni
ences: but in this case they are the result of the
abuse, and not of the legitimate exercise, of the pow
ers reserved or conferred in the organization of a Ter
ritory. They are not to be charged to the great prin
ciple of popular sovereignty: on the contrary, they
iisappear before the Intelligence and patriotism of the
people,exerting through the ballot-box their peaceful
and silent, but irresistible power.
If the friends of the constitution are to have another
struggle, its enemies could not present a more accepta
ble issue, than that ot a State, whose constitution
clearly embraces *• a republican form of government.' 7
being excluded from the Union because its domestic
institutions may not in all respects comport with the
ideis ot what is wise and expedient, entertained in
some other State. Fresh from groundless imputations
of breach «f faith against others, men will commence
the agitation of this new question with indubitable
violation of an express compact between the indepen
dent sovereign powers of the United States and of the
Republic of Texas, as woll as of the older and equally
solemn compacts, which assure the equality of all the
States.
But, deplorable as wonld he such a violation of coin
; Pact in itself, and in all its direct consequences, that is
the very least of the evila involved. When sectional
agitators shall have succeeded in forcing on this issue,
cin their pretensions fail to be met by counter pre-
I tensions ’ Will not different States be compelled re
spectively to meet extremes with extremes .* And, if
either extreme carry its p int, what is that so far forth
but dissolution of the Union ’ If a new State, formed
! from the territory of the United States, be absolutely
excluded from admission therein, that fact of itse f
i constitutes the disruption of union between it and the
; other States. But the procesaof dissolution could not
j stop there. Would not a sectional decision, producing
j such result by a majority »f votes, either northern or
southern, of necessity drive out the oppressed and ag
grived minority, and place in presencejof each other
; two irreconcilably hostile confederations?
It is necessary to speak thus plainly of projects, the
j olripring ot that sectional agitation now prevailing in
some of the States which are as impracticable as they
are unconstitutional, and which, if persevered in. must
and will end calamitously. It is either disunion and
’ civil war,or it is mere angry, idle, aimless disturbance
| of public peace and tranquility. Disunion for what ’
! If the passionate rage of fanaticism and partisan spirit
did not force the fact upon our attention, it would be
i difficult to believe, that any considerable portion of
the people ot this enlightened country could have so
surrendered themselves to a fanatical devotiou to the
supposed interests of the relatively few Africans in the
United States, as totally to abandon and disregard the
I interests of the twenty-five millions of Americans.—
i to trample under foot the injunctions of moral and
; constitutional obligation.—and to engage in plans of
vindictive hostility agaiast those who are associated
with them in the enjoyment of the common heritage
of our national Institutions.
Noris it hostility agaiust their fellow-citizens of one
section of the Union alone. The interests, the honor
the duty, the peace, and the prosperity of the people’
of all sections are equally involved and imperilled in
this question. And are patriotic men in any part of
the t’uiou prepared, on such an issue, thus madly to
invite all the consequences of tire forfeiture of their
constitutional engagements? It is impossible. The
storm of phrensy and faction must inevitab’y dash
itself in vain against the unshaken rock of the consti
tution. f shall never doubt it. I know that the Union
is stronger a thousand times ttian all the wild and chi- !
metrical schemes of social change, which are generated, i
one after another, in the unstable minds of visionary
sophists and interested agitators. I rely confidently i
on the patriotism of the people, on the dignity and
self-respect of the States, on the wisdom of Congress,
and above all, on the continued gracious favor of Al
mighty God. to maintain, against all enemies, whether
at home or abroad, the sanctity of the constitution
and the integrity of the t T uion.
FRANKLIN PIERCE.
Washington. Dec.3l, 1855.
Bnltver has become a contributor to the London
Quarterly Review. The article on Pitt and Fox in
' the new number is his.
Professor Huntington is of opinion that woman
has kept Christendom from lapsing back into bar
barism. It may be so says the Boston Post) — at
any rate it would be folly to deny that without her
labors those of man would be in vain.
A. T. Stewart & Co., of New York, made daily
sales during Christmas week, amounting to from
*75,000 to $95,000. .With the latter sum, it is said,
the head ot the house was not satisfied, lie thought
it should have reached SIOO,OOO.
John Bertram, owner of the Water Witch at Sa
lem, personally ministered to the comfort of fifteen
shipwrecked seamen of ship William, of New
Vork, who were rescued and brought in by the
It ater W itch, and he gave each of them a suit of
clothes. The grateful tars passed free over the
Eastern Railroad.
The people of Charlotte, N. C., have voted in fa
vor of a town subscription of $25,000 to the Wil
mington and Rutherford Railroad.
€iit failtj Cntistitatiimalist.
BY JAMES GARDNER.
THURSDAY MORNING, JAN’Y. 3.
Death of Hon. John M. Berrien.
Full of years and full of honors—-the jurist, the
statesman, the patriot—the gifted and eloquent
John Macpherson Berrien is no more. He emi
nently possessed “ the high, the mountain majesty
of worth." For more than forty years he held im
portant public relations with the people of this
State, and has gone down to the grave “ that calm,
unstormy ware, which oversweeps the world,”
amid the regrets of as large a circle of personal
admirers, as ever mourned the demise of any man
in Georgia.
Judge Berrien was born in New Jersey, on the
23d August, 1781, during the temporary residence
of his parents there. He graduated at Princeton
College, in 1790, and was admitted to practice law
in Augusta, in 1799. In 1810, he was elected Judge
of the Eastern District, which position he held
nearly eleven years. In 1322-’3, he represented
Chatham county in the State Senate. In 1824 he
was elected to the Senate of the United States. In
1529, during Gen. Jackson’s administration, he
was appointed Attorney General of the United
States, but resigned in 1831. In 1840 he was elect
ed United States Senator, and in L 847 again re
elected, but resigned in May, 1852, and retired to
private life.
In his public relations, while necessarily subject
to the vicissitudes which attend all who participate
in the strife of politics and the ebbing and flovv
ing of public sentiment, he maintained the respect
of all parties.
IV e have not the time on this occasion, to enlarge
further on the virtues, erudition, statesmanship
and great moral worth of Judge Berrien. His long
life was characterized by Christian virtues, and
patriotic devotion to his countrv.
We present a brief extract from his able speech,
delivered in the Senate of the United States, a few
years past, as peculiarly pertinent to the occasion,
and the present condition of the affairs of our
country. In that eloquent effort in relation to the
Mexican laws on the subject of slaverv, he said :
“ I do not indicate the course which Georgia will
pursue, if the measures which you propose are car
ried into execution. That is for her people to de
termine; and I am but one of these. I can only sav
that the rights and the interests of that people are
mine ; that they are endeared to me by a thousand
recollections which can never be obliterated ; that
I cannot separate myself from a gallant and patriot
ic people, the protectors of my infancy, who
have iu manhood extended to me a generous and
unwavering confidence which commands all mv
gratitude. Beneath the soil of Georgia, the ashes
of my parents and of mv children repose ; and
there, too, my own must shortly rest. Whether in
weal or woe, the lot of her people shall be mine.”
Judge Berrien died in Savannah, on Tuesday
morning. January Ist, at nine o’clock. The papers
ol that city come to us draped in mourning on the
solemn occasion, and we know that we convey to
our readers sad news, in chronicling the death of
this estimable gentleman.
River News.
I he river was ten feet high last night, and rising.
The steamers Fashion and Taloraicco are still at
our wharves, unable to unload.
City llauk Dividend.
This Bank has declared a dividend of five per
cent.
j Delegates to the Milledgeville Convention.
At a meeting of the Democratic and anti-Know
I Nothing party ot Richmond county, held at the
l t ity Hull, on Tuesday afternoon last, the follow
j 'HR gentlemen were appointed Delegates to the
Milledgeville Convention tube held on the loth
inst.
A. WaLKER, .1.1 .MU Gardner,
J. J. Marvin, Emv. J Walker,
The Delegates were invested with full power to
fill any vacancy which may occur iu their delega
tion.
Sale of Georgia Railroad Stock.
We call attention to the announcement that for
ty-eight shares in the stock of the Georgia Rail
road and Banking Company, belonging to the es
tate of Wn. McWhorter, deceased, will he sold at
Lexington, Oglethorpe county, on the first Tuesday
in February next.
The President’s Message.
The Message was communicated to the United
States Senate on Monday last. The telegraphic
despatch to the Charleston Courier, announcing its
delivery, states that Mr. Clayton expressed his ap
probation of the ground taken, in regard to our re
lations with Great Britain, concerning Central
America, and said he was in favor of insisting upon
the American construction of the < layton-B t: i.wkr
Treaty. Mr. Cass said that the honor of the coun
try demanded that we should insist upon our inter
pretation of the Treaty. Messrs. Weller and
Seward took the same ground, and all were ready
to support the Monroe doctrine should an emer
gency require such a course of action. Matters
look rather hostile. The receipt ot the Message,
by the Senate, fell like an earthquake upon the
House, none having the least suspicion that it
would be sent. A very exciting debate ensued,
which terminated in a refusal to receive it on the
part of the House. There was a ballot for Speaker,
and the House adjourned until Thursday.
Academies and Private Schools.
W e invite the attention as parents and guardians
i to the several school announcements in our eo|.
, unins. In this State, there is as much ability en
i gaged in imparting instruction to youth, as can be
j found in the Union, although some of our people
I imagine that there are superior advantages offered
by Northern, Eastern and Western schools. “Dis
tance lends enchantment to the view, ’ and pride
[ and fancy keep up the delusion, until the child or
I ward returns home to be eclipsed by the graces
j and mental and moral accomplishments which
' have been acquired in our own unobtrusive acade
mies and schools. Our State University, Colleges,
j aud other high institutions of learning, arc often
I disregarded, to enable ns to bask in the imaginary
i beams of a mere phosphorescent Institution in
■ some distant State.
j We have among us a galaxy of Teachers that
I any country might be proud to acknowledge and
| receive. Let us then evince our appreciation of
1 them by a liberal patronage.
Emory College.
We notice that the exercises of this College will
be resumed ou thelSth ins!., under the direction
of a full Faculty. We omitted to notice the elec
tion, at the late meeting of the Hoard in LaGrange,
of Rev. James R. Thomas, A. M., as President of
Emory College, in the place of Dr. Means, resigned.
The Rev. Mr. Thomas is well and favorably known
for his piety, learning and administrative ability,
and will prove a great acquisition to Emory College, i
Mechanics Savings Bank in Savannah.
The following gentlemen were elected President
and Directors on Monday last: John S. Moxtmol- i
Ltx, President, and John F. Tucker, John E. !
Ward, Richard Bradley and Gilbert Butler, !
Directors.
The Bank also declared a semi-annual dividend :
of three dollars per share.
The Public Meeting in Atlanta.
The citizens of that city recently held a public
meeting, to consider the interests of Atlanta in
increased banking and railroad facilities. The '
meeting adopted a preamble and resolutions favor
ing State aid to railroads, approving of the Atlan
ta Bank, located in that city, and fully endorsing
its value and solvency.
Tiie contents of the private office of the Mayor
of Mobile, was destroyed by lire on Thursday
27th ult. Another tire broke out in the third storv
of So. So, St. Francis street, over the store of T.
■t. liiDooon A( o. The valuable law libraries of
Judge A. F. Hopkixs and W. S. Jones, Esq., were
destroyed.
COMMERCIAL.
Augusta Market, Jau. 3, 1856.
COTTON.—But little doing, and no change in
prices.
SAVANNAH, Dec. 31, P. M.— Cotton. —The in
clemency of the weather prevented operations to
day, and only 288 bales changed hands at former
prices—2 at ‘t>% ; 21 at 3%; 22 at 9; 59 at 9%; 99
at ; and 85 bales at 9 5-10 cents.
COLUMBUS, Dec. 81, P. M.—Our Cotton market
remains unchanged in prices, and owing to the ex
istence of the holiday season, the unfavorableness
of the weather, Ac., the receipts are limited. We
therefore omit quotations for the present.
MACON, Jan. I.— Cotton. —There has been noth
ing doing in Cotton the past week, owing to the
holidays. We still quote 7@B%c. as extremes, but
the market is not so firm.
SHIPPING- NEWS.
ARRIVALS from charleston.
Brig Galveston, Fleming, Providence
sailed for charleston.
Schr O G Parsley, , New London
CHARLESTON, Jan. I.—Arrived, ship Matta- !
pah, Liverpool; brig Somers, Havana ; schr G A j
Tittle, Philadelphia.
SAVANNAH, Dec. 31.—Arrived, barque Nicho
las Cun-in, Cardiff, Wales; brig Royalston, NV ;
schrs Senator, do; L S Davis, do; R S Miller, Phi
ladelphia.
FUNERAL NOTICES.
IST" The Friends and Acquaintances of
Mr. and Mrs. CHAS. DWELLE, are requested to
attend the Funeral of the latter, THIS (Thursday)
MORNING, at their residence on Ellis street, at
10% o’clock.
25?” The Friends and Acquaintances of Mr.
JOSHUA BROOM, of Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Broom,
and of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Broom, are invited to
attend the Funeral of the former, from the resi
dence of the latter, on Ellis street, THIS ('Thurs
day) MORNING, at 10 o’clock.
25?" The steamer JAS. ADGER, Capt. Turner,
will leave Adger’s Wharf, Charleston, for New
York, Saturday Afternoon, sth inst., at 4 o’clock.
Passengers taking Friday night’s train, will be
iu time for the steamer.
jan3 HENRY MISSROON, Agent.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
25?” Clay Club. —Attend a regular meeting of
your Society, THIS (Thursday) EVENING, at 7
o’clock precisely. Punctual attendance is request
ed. By order of the President.
jan?, l SAM’L. SMYTHE, Secy.
5*8?" Notice.— Augusta <fe Waynesboro’ Rail
road, Savannah, December 20, 1855. —The Annual
Election for Seven Directors of this Company, will
be held on MONDAY, the 7th day of January next,
between the hours of 10 A. M. and 1 P. M., at the
office in the building on the corner of Bay and
Abercorn streets.
jan3 2 FRANCIS T. WILLIS, Pres’t.
Notice.- -The subscriber will commence
this day to sell his entire stock of FANCY and
STAPLE DRA GOODS at cost. Those iu want of
bargains, are respectfully invited to call.
Store for rent, and possession given Ist February.
jan3 _ 3 T. DUNHAM.
2*gT"<Jity Rank.- The Board of Directors have
declared a dividend of five per cent., payable on
and after the 7th instant.
j an ‘ ; 4 J. C. FARGO, Cashier.
5-??“ Hats, Fall Style, 1855.—Beebe & Co.,
and 1 rude fall style Moleskfh HATS, just received,
and ready for sale, at
GEO. W. FERRY’S,
_ a >D ! Masonic Hall Building.
Win. O. Price Co., Draper* ami
Tailors, are receiving their FALL and WIN
TER SUPPLIES, embracing all the newest styles
ot the day Hosiery, Gloves, Scarfs, Ties and
everything desirable for dross. oel2
55?" Notice. Families can get all Varie
ties of SEWING doue at the Bag Factory, at short
notice.
Stitching, Shirts, Quilting, 4c., done neatly.
Merchants ean be supplied with all size* of sms'll
Bags. uovS 2m
i-9?“Sealcd Proposal* will be received
until the 15th January next, for paving with hard
brick, the Side-walk on the north side of Ellis
street, between Campbell and Jackson streets.
James M. Dye,
dec!4 td Chairman Street Committee.
J-3F” A beautiful complexion and a per
fumed breath may both be acquired by using the
‘'Balm of a Thousand Flowers.” As a dentrifice it
has no parallel. Price only fifty cents. For sale
by Guo. A. Oaths A Bro.,
novSi 8m Hole Agents, Augusta, Ga.
Jn»t Received, Fifty dozen superior
Cotton and Linen SHIRTS. They will be sold low,
by noy2l J. M. Nbwbt & Co.
Garden Seeds.—Crop 1855.—We
have just received our supply of Garden SEEDS.
As heretofore, we commence the season with
Fresh Seed only, not having a paper of old Seed
on hand. novH D. B.Plumb a Co.
3-tf?* Ambrotypes—A new style of Pic-
Tl RES, far exceeding in beauty and durability,
anything over before made. The exceeding firm
ness, depths of light, and shade and richness of
tone, is wonderful. They do not reverse the sub
ject; but represent everything in its true position.
They are without the glare of a Daguerreotype, and
can be seen in any view.
Instructions given in the Art. Daguerreotypes
as usual taken in every style of the Art. Speci
mens of Ambrotypes can be seen at Tucker's Pre
mium Gallery.
X. B.—Daguerreotype MATERIALS for sale as
usual. novlT 1. TUCKER.
Or. It. 11. Oakman having deter*
mined to return to Augusta, after four years’ prac
tice in the country, and locate permanently, res
pectfully tenders his professional services to its
citizens, Hamburg and it* vicinity.
Office and and residence at Wm. H. Oakman'a, I
fir*t door below the Court ltou*e, Greene street.
Wal_
lrsr Daguerreotype*.-The Chalmers
Daoukekkax Gai.lbrt is now open for the season.
sepl4
J. I. Newby A Co. received by the ,
last steamer*, a good lot of Fine and Common Clo
thing, suitable for winter weather. Call and see
them, also, A fresh lot of Bovs’ Clothing
a ’
i-i 4 t ash paid for Woollen, Linen, Cot- i
ton and Silk Rags, by E. Camdi teld, j
jan2o if Comer River and Jackson sts. 1
Heavy Clothingfor Servant*.—J.M.
N'kwbt A Co. have on hand a large stock of Satti- \
nett Frock aud Pea COATS, Sattinett PANTS I
Heavy VESTS, Ac., suitable for servants.
Also, Water Proof Coats, Pants and Ha!*, for!
Draymen, Wagoners, Ac. They will he sold low. 1
! -
IW Look Out Hoys.—J. M. Newby &
Co. are now receiving a large lot. of Youths’ and
Hoys t. LOTHING. The boys who call soon, can
make good selection*. oc y
Mrs. F. O. Collins has in store a full
and handsome assortment of Fall and Winter BOV
N ETS, of the latest and most fashionable styles in
Velvet, Satin aud Silk.
—a lso —
English Straws, colored and plain Straws in
great variety; Dress Caps; Head Dresses; Flow
ers ; Wreathes ; Ribbons ; Toilet Powders ; Per
fumes ; Soaps ; Hair Oil; Hair Braids • Curls •
Bonnet, Cap and Head Dresses, made at short no
tice. All orders from thecoumrv attended to with
dispatch, opposite the U. S. Hotel. ni) v2S
PETIT GULF COTTON SEED FOR i
A_ SALE.
T m £ T ?,?' Tell Plantation, Pure Petit Gulf Cot- |
ton SEED for sale, at 25 cents per bushel. !
d*c2S lm x CLANTON’.
New 2Utoerttscmmte.
AUGUSTA SEED STORE,
Nearly apposite the United States and Globe Hotels.
THE subscriber has received, and will continue
to receive throughout the season, his stock of
Fresh and Genuine CARDEN SEEDS, crop 1855.
The usual deduction made to Country Merchants.
j. h. Service.
Giant Asparagus ROOTS, White and Red CLO
VER, White and Red Onion SETTS, LUCERNE,
BLUE GRASS, TIMOTHY, OSAGE ORANGE,
Ac., Ac. 2m jan3
SELLING OFF f SELLING OFF \ \
THE subscriber is now offering his entire stock
of FANCY AND STAPLE GOODS at cost.
Those in want of any description of Dry Goods,
can obtain great bargains.
Particular attention is requested to a few super.
French Embroidered COLLARS and SLEEVES.
Also, Muslin and Cambric SETTS. '
SILKS! SILKS !!
At the low price of cents, being twenty-five
per cent, lower than New York cost.
100 pieces BED TICK, at 10, worth 02} J cents.
GOODS, for Servants’ wear.
KERSEYS at 12% cents, worth 2.1 cents ; SAT -
TINETS, Kentucky JEANS, TWEEDS, BLANK
ETS, Ac., Ac.
CARPETING AND RUGS.
A few Rugs and ends of Carpeting, which are
offered at greatlv less than cost.
_jan3 T. DUNHAM.
NOTICE.
THE undersigned having from this date asso
ciated with him in the I)RY GOODS BUSI
NESS, at the corner under the Globe Hotel, Mr. L.
C. DEMING, the business will hereafter be con
ducted under the firm of LAI.LERSTEDT A DEM
ING. Thankful for the liberul patronage bestowed
upon him, he solicits a continuance of trie same for
the firm. L. D. LALLERSTEDT.
January 1, 1856. jan3
IMPORTANT TO MERCHANTS
A YOUNG GENTLEMAN, late from New
York, desires a situation in a Dry Goods
House, as Salesman or Clerk, or would take a Clerk
ship in any Office. He has had long experience,
and writes a most splendid hand. Unquestionable
references given. Address, for one week, B. 11. R.,
Post Office, Augusta. 2* jan3
CATAWBA WINE.— SO boxes, qrts. Spark
liug Catawba WINE; 25 do. pts. Sparkling
Catawba WINE, Eagle brand, just received bv
jan-3 DAWSON A SKINNER.
tHIEESE. —75 boxes prime Goshen CHEESE,
J just landing from steamer Fashion. For sale
by jan3 DAWSON A SKINNER.
JUST RECEIVED, a fine assortment of
Buck and Kid GAUNTLETTS, b’lk, col’d and
Kid GLOVES, Half HOSE, SCARFS, CRAVATS
and TIES, Cassimere GLOVES, UNDER GAR
MENTS, Ac., all cf which are fresh Goods, and w ill
be sold cheap. jau3 J. A. VAN WINKLE.
IJMBRELLAS AND CARPET BAGS.—A
> good assortment of all qualities and prices,
for sale cheap. jan3 J. A. VAN WINKLE.
NOTICE. ~
riMIE connection heretofore existing between
-B- the undersigned, under the firm of L. HAN
COCK A CO., expires by limitation this day, and
is, by mutual consent, dissolved. The out-standing
business will be closed up bv our successors, 8. S.
JONES A CO., who are authorized to collect all
debts due us, and to use the firm name in liquida
tion only. L. HANCOCK,
A. 11. JONES.
Augusta, Ga., Jan’y. Ist, 1856.
HAVING purchased the Stock in Trade of
L. HANCOCK & CO., the undersigned will
continue the business at the old stand, as hereto
fore. The same general principles that have here
tofore characterized the operations of the late firm,
and which have contributed so largely to its suc
cess, will be rigidly adhered to. To enable us to
effect a prompt settlement of the affairs of the late
firm, it is desirable that those indebted to L. 11 \N
cock & Co. come forward and settle up without de
lay or further notice. S. S. JONES & CO.
January 1, 185*1. ti jan3
EMORY COLLEGE.
r | 't 11»: Exercises of Emory College will be re
■ sumed on WEDNESDAY, January 16th, ISs*>,
under the direction of a full Faculty. The Prepara
tory Department, also, will be opened at the same
time, under the supervision of Mr. J. S. Stkwakt,
| A. M. V\ 1). \\ ILIJAMS, Sec’v Board.
I Oxford, Ga., Dec. 31st, 1855. df*c2 jan3
’ ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
be sold, at Lexington, Oglethorpe
wV county, on the first Tuesday in FEBRUARY
next, forty -eight shares in the stock of the I ieorgia
Railroad A Banking Company, belonging to the
| estate of William McWhorter, deceased. Sold
; pursuant to an order from Court of Ordinari ot
| said county, for the benefit of the heirs. Purcha
: set' to pav for transfer. Terms made known on
day of safe. J. I). McWHORTKR, i . . ,
! Jan 3 A. A. BELL, > Adn, is.
EATONTON MALE ACADEMY.
MttT'E would respectfully give notice to parents
V ? and guardians, that we will take charge of
the Eatonton Male Academy for the ensuing year.
We expect to merit patronage by using every ef
fort to secure the advancement of those who are
entrusted to our care. And having had several
years experience in teaching, we hope our efforts
will not be unavailing. 1 oung men expecting to
lake u Collegiate course, are assured that with us
they may receive the very best preparation for any
of the College classes they may w ish to enter. ' i
Board, on good terms', caii be obtained in the j
village. The Exercises will commence on Monday, !
the 14th of January. The Scholastic year will !
embrace the usual period of ten months. ’
TRlillS.
Spelling, Reading, Writing, Geography and
Arithmetic, s2o per year.
Arithmetic, Geography, History and Grammar, :
s■.>B per year.
Higher English Branches, Higher Mathematics ‘
and Languages, tf-'P! per year.
J. G. HUDSON,
T. G. SCOTT.
Eatonton, Dec. 31, 1855. t3wcs jan3
WARREN SHERIFF’S SALE. i
sold, before the Court House door i
V V in Warrcnton. Warren county, on the first
Tuesday in FEBRUARY next, within Hie legal i
hours of sale, the following property, to wit : Henry, j
a man, about 36 years old ; I tula, a woman, about
20 years old. and her child, Lawrence, about two
vear.s old; levied on as the property of Thomas J.
Cheelv, to satisfy two ti. fas. issued from Hancock
Superior Court, in favor of Hudson, Wellborn A
Pilcher vs. Holloman & Cheelv, and to satisfy other
ti. fas. issued from the Superior Court of Warren
county, in favor of Henry R. Cody, Pierce Baile\
and others. Property pointed out by defendant '
Cheelv.
- ALSO
At the same time ami place, one Negro woman,
named Rachel, about 45 years of age; levied upon
as the property of John' Toler, Administrator, to
satisfy a fi. la. issued from Warren Superior Court
in favor of Nancy Hilson vs. John Toler, Adm’r!
I Property pointed out by defendant.
jano h A. BRINKLEY , 11. Sheriff'.
FOR SALE,
A FEW bales of FODDER, OATS and PEA
HAY. Also, Cracked CORN and PEAS,
j Orders received by Carmichael A Dean
I dl>c "° '> A. W. CARMICHAEL
TO HIRE,
FOR the ensuing year, SIX LIKELY BOYS,
No. 1 Draymen. Apply to
| dec *° L- f>- LALLERSTEDT.
TO HIRE,
FOR the ensuing year, a first rate Blacksmith,
one capable of superior work, and of excellent
i character. Enquire at this office. deeL". l
TO HIRE,
; EN 1 \ LIKELY NEGROES, accustomed
to Plantation work.
dec2,: ‘ 8 J. J. MARTIN.
~ TO HIRE.”
the ensuing year, an excellent Drayman, I
well experienced in the work. Apply at this
i od ‘ cv - dec2#
TO HIRE,
i
«- vcr, of excellent character.
; tJanl A. PIC QUEX
MECHANICS’ BANK.’
xVrGfSTA, Dec. / >o»h iq*:*;
mrOTfCE.-An election for Dyr eonas of this
Bank, t..r the ensuing vet. r . will be held at
i *be Banking House on MOS>DAV 7th lanuarv
j I, 85 *- betVr i!">^ o ho t T of 10 o'clock A. M. and -i
j P M ' I dec29] td M.. HA TCH, Cashier.
RECEIVED
4 s mC • \ Coifs Repeat-
AT ’ f j JLb - Also, afew- Os the imitation
of the same, at j s j - RKEMA jf. s
W atch and Jewelry Store,
decSO ol>P ° 3lte Planters’ Hotel, Augusta, Oh.
Id V ikv bfckwheXtcv! -Hotels and
mu , r amilif;s can he constantly s opplied with this ,
article, in 2y pound packages, by 1
GIRARDEY, WfI.Y'TE A CO.,
General Commission Merchants ,
JANUARY ELECTION.
IW Fee for announcing Candidates
| THREE DOLLARS. No name will be inserted tin
| less accompanied by the CASH.
| 25?" We are authorised to announce F.
: W. GEORGE as a candidate for Sheriff of Burke
| county, at the election in January next, decl *
We are authorised to announce
JOSEPH WAS DEN as a. candidate for the office
i of Ordinary of Warren county, at the election in
January next. novlO
25?" Richmond County. We are author
ised to announce the following gentlemen as can
didates at the ensuing county election in January
next:
Clerk Superior anetlnferior Courts — B. F. Hall
Ordinary — Foster Blodgbt, Jr.
Receiver Tar Returns — John A. Bohlkr
Tax Collector - Alexander Dkas.
| Sheriff' —W.v. Doyle.
i Coroner —Riceiard Wimberly.
Surveyor— E. W. Brown. nov27
25: ; ' We are authorised to announce
LEON P. DUGAS as a Candidate for re-election for
Ordinary of Richmond county at the election in
January next. nov2*
25?" We are authorised to announce
JAMES R. GUNN as a candidate for Ordinary of
Warren county at the election in January next.
oc2B
25?" Mr. Editor :—Please announce J.
W. REESE as a candidate for receiver of Tax Re
turns of Burke county, at the election in January
next, and oblige.
sept 27 * Man y Voters.
25f“ We are authorised to announce
JAMES BRINSON, as a candidate for Receiver of
Tax Returns of Burke county, at the election in
January next. sep2l
25?" To the Voters of Burke County.
The undersigned respectfully informs his fellow
citizens, that he is a candidate for Receiver of Tax
Returns, and solicits their suffrages,
novl Charles B. Hustt.
25?" We are authorised to announce J.
B. NETIIERLA ND ns a candidate for Tax Collector
of Burke county, at the ensuing election,
seplo (Uc
25?" We are authorised to announce
J AS. 11. DANIEL as a candidate for the office of
Receiver of Tax Returns, for Burke comity, at the
approaching election. d,vc >: sep2s
25?" To the Voters of Richmond County.
I announce myselfas a candidate for the Clerkship
of the Superior and Inferior Courts of Richmond'
county, at the election in January next.
dec4 G. A. Beverly Walker.
25? We are authorized to announce
ALEXAN PER Pill LIP as a candidate for Sheriff of
Richmond county, at the election in January next
dec!3 *
25?’ Mr. Editor: —Please announce JAMES
BRANDON, Jr., Esq., a candidate for tin' office of
Tax Collector of Richmond county, at the ensuing
election in January next, and oblige
decs * Many Voters.
I !-if We are authorized to announce
| WILLIAM M. KELLY, as the anti-Know Nothing
| Candidate for Ordinary of Warren county, at the
j election in January next. deed
l ' Mr. Editor: Please announce ALBERT
| (j. RUFFIN as a candidate for Receiver of Tax Re
| turns of Richmond county, at the January election,
j and oblige dec6 * M.v.vv Voters.
IIHIK 111 N TERNS FEAST , or Con versa-
M. tions around the Camp-fires; by ('apt. Mavne
i Keiil, author of The Rifle Rangers.
| Kate Weston, or To Will and To P* ;by Jtannie
, DeWitt.
| Claude in his Dungeon, or Maggs, the Traitor.
I Just received, and for sale bv
M. G. Me KIN NE,
I _ Bookseller and Stationer.
CJODY’S LADY’S HOOK, for January,
R lias been received; also, Arthur’s Magazine,
for same month.
decifs G. A. OATES & BRO., Booksellers.
AND UNDER GARMENTS We
have received a fine assortment of the newest
style SHIRTS. Also, Silk, Merino and Cotton UN
DKRSHIRTS and DRAWERS, Biwkskin UNDER HM
SHIRTS and DRAWERS.
dcc2S WM. O. PRICE k cu.
WANTED.
ABLE-BODIED NEGROES, to work
•-PVF on repairs on the Augusta and Waynes
boro’ Railroad, for the ensuing year. For terms,
apply at the Waynesboro’ Depot to
C. A. BROWN.
Augusta, Dec. 26, 1855. 6 dec27
PRACTICAL PHARM ACY "—A text
book for the student and a guide book for the
physician, bv Dr. Edward Parrish. For sale bv
dec27 _ , THUS. RICHARDS A SON’.
HANDS WANTED.
\\T ANTED TO HIRE, either bv the month
TV or year, fifteen or twenty able-bodied Ne
gro FELLOWS, to work at Parks’ Mine, for which
a liberal price will be paid. Parks’ Mine, in ('••
lnmbia county, is about eleven miles from Thom
son, on the (ieorgia Railroad. The locality i->
healthy, and the mining business also, as is'evi
dencod by the fact that at the Columbia Minin**
Company’s Works, in the immediate neighborhood!
employing over thirty hands, no sickness has oc
curred during the last twelve months. Apply to
dec22 ______ W. B. GRIFFIN.
MEDICAL CARD.
DR. JOSEPH HATTON , having resu ul .
ed the practice of Medicine and Surgery ~p
fers his services to the citizens of Augusta" a’ vi
cinity. Residence at R. P. Spelnmn’s (tree lle st
mar2'2 lv
lAOR < Oi ghs, (OLDS, cV .- --Will)
. PHERRV Inland MOSS and P,,* s , t (;"x.
in. For sale by.
deep! HAYII.AND, K* SLEY & CO
S ADIES’ Merino and Cashmere. VESTS \
-A full assortment received to-duv
MRS, M. L. PRITCHARD, AGENT,
H Oi>l>o*itc the Eajle d- Pluenu Hotel ,
AS just returned from New York, with full
assortments of MILLINERY, consisting of
Silk Y ehet, 1 lusii Bonnets, Leghorn, Straws of *,!!
kinds, llats for children. Divss Caps. Mar
Ribbons, Tabs, Gloves, l.'ndersleeves, (Id l ar ‘ u A.’
to which she invites the attention of the '
ocll hunts.
mfORE NEW GOODS ! ’ ,HL i'7i black SILKS,
, w "‘. l lu' siyß-nd'.! asr „ rnil) . llt , ,•
net and Cap RIBBONS, Mmre An . u „ l( . s . in i.iark,
unite and colors. Dress nid ( ina u r ] f{l \| \I I\ ( o
Ac., by dec2L' •'J* KEY A PIIIBBS.
LANDRETH S WA T iillA if TEI ) QAR- ,
.»EED.
have receive*, a supply of the above cede
bruted sr rind will keel* them on hand AST
during the season. Planters and merchants will 1
please call, BARRY & BATTEY, f
deCi Druggists and Chemists.
fiiOAP, ON CONSIGNMENT VS hai
vy rt3ce ‘ved boxes SOAP, c IDs. each, a beau
tiful article ' „ r fn.ri.iK use, for -ale h.n, bv
<te*M S. C. GRENVILLE'A CO.
I /i* V .GWORTH'S CATAWBA WINES.
,5 boxes Sparkling Catawba IN' INKS, t nr .. ‘
' 552; 10 boxes Still Catawba WINES, vintage
1352. Just received from N . Longwortb, on eon
signment. and shall keep constantly on hand. M t
I chants and others will lie supplied low tor cash.
THOS. P. STOVALL A CO.,
| janl 12 Gen'l. Cont'sn. Merchants.
4 TREATISE ON ALGEBRA, >riinm
. ing the latest improvements, adapted to d> •
i use of Schools and Colleges; bv C'has. W H-"' l '
! lev, S. F. D.
j Also, a new supply of Rose Clarke; by , aiir
: Fern.
j The Old Homestead; by Mr-. Ann .'v Slept
i Just received, and for sale bv
M. G. McKINNL,
j janl Bookseller and Station^
ON CONSIGNMENT
l,>o sacks Extra FLOUR, from A. K nne<j>
j Mills, Tennessee. janl T. W. FLEMING
ON CONSIGNMENT—
-100 barrels No. 1 LEAF LARD, of sniemlM
j quality. janl T. VV. FLEMING.
fRISfI POTATOES. 5" bbls. Dish POT A
TOES, for sale low. to eh - consignment,
janl 6 THOS P. STOV ALL kI O.
u ,f I.ABD.
jMi “ T w mouse.