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Wetiuj Co ustitutio imlist.
BY GARDNER.
[COMMUNICATED.]
Mr. Editor; The secession of the Georgia dele
gation from the Charleston convention, was, in
my judgment, an iil advised movement. By the
compromise measures of 1350, the doctrine of non
interference by Congress with the subject of slave
ry in the Territories, gave peace and quiet to the
country. The bill organising governments for
Kansas and Nebraska in 1554, was formed upon
that principle, and its friends and supporters
agreed upon every provision it contained, with a
single exception. Many contended, and I believe
they were right, that as Congress had no power
under the Constitution to exclude slavery from
the common Territory, a Territorial legislature
could not do so, for the reason that the creature
could not be greater than the creator. Others said,
Congress has the power, it can delegate it, and
the Territorial Legislature may exercise it, if it
sees proper. The difference was settled by de
claring in the bill, that the people of the Territo
ries were “perfectly free to form and regulate their
domestic institutions in their own way, subject
only to the Constitution of the Uuited States”—
that the Constitution should govern, and as both
parties were equally confident they were right,
they mutually agreed that the question should be
settled by the Supreme Court. In so doing, they
acted wisely, and deserve, and have received, the
gratitude of tbeir country.
The Democratic convention which met iu Cin
cinnati in 1856, did the same thing, and were sus
tained by a majority of the best men in all sec
tions of the Confederacy. From the proceedings
of the Charleston convention, the delegates from
the North as well as the South, with the exception
of those gentlemen who seceded, were willing to
settle the question again in the same way, the
northern delegates doing so in the face of the dicta
expressed by the Supreme Court, in the famous
Dred Scott decision. Why ask anything more?
Why change the agreement made years ago ? If
it was wise to do so then, why was it not wise and
proper to do so again ? Are not slaves and the
products of 9lave labor, worth more to-day than
at any former period of our history? Are our
titles to them less secure? Have we not pros
pered since we first made this agreement beyond
our most sanguine cal-Uiations. And did the future
ever promise more to the people of the South than
it now does, if things are only permitted to move
along as they are, and h ive been doing? Why
change the agreement? Were the seceding dele
gates at Charleston wiser, and more patriot
ic than Clay, Webster, and Cass, who, in 1850, in
augurated this mode of settlement, which then
gave peace to a trouoled and distracted nation,
and saved the Union of these States ?
As for myself, “sink, or swim, live, or die, sur
vive or perish,” I am for standing up to the
gain heretofore made, willing to give the right
hand of fellowship to every Democrat in this broad
laud, who will stand to, abide by, and maintain
the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United
States upon the question at issue. By this policy
we will keep the janizaries of Black Repulicanism
from the possession of the government, maintain
our rights, and save the Union.
Asa matterot course delegates will be appoint
ed to the convention which meets in Baltimore on
the 18th of June next.
Thomas I\ Saffold.
-o
[COMM CMC ATCI >.J
As a citizen of Georgia, anti au humble member,
of the Democratic party, permit me, Mr. Editor,
to express my views upon the proceedings of the
party at Charleston.
I was an anxious spectator, and beard the do
bates during the tirst week of the convention; and
although my mind was ill prepared to receive ar
guments presented by northern men, jealous as I
was of the rights of my section, yet when 1 heard
the report ot the several committees on platform,
I, as a southern Democrat, whose every interest is
interwoven and blended with my section, preter
ed, bo'h lor consistency, practicability, und expe
diency, the resolutions' ot ibe minority report, as
presented by Mr. Samuels, of lowa, which was
finally adopted by the National convention. No dis
passionate Democrat who is not ultra in his views,
could have listened unmoved to, and remain un
convinced by, the arguments advanced by the gen
tleman from lowa, (who is himself a southerner by
birth). ...
I believe “that Democratic principles are un
changeable in their natnie, when applied to the
same subject matters,” and lind the report, as pre
sented by Uea. Butler, been adopted, the Cincin
nati platform, “pure and undeliled” as to the ques
tion of slavery in the Territories, the South would
have had no cause for complaint. Four years ago,
the doctrine of non-intervention by Congiem in
the Territories was the great principle on which
the entire South was a unit—that was the great
principle on which the campaign of 1856 was
fought and won. The entiro South voted as a unit
upon that question.
The extremists now say that it was an experi
ment, and resulted unfavorably to the interests of
that section which it was its purpose to protect
How has it injured the South ? Has our peculiar
institution suffered aught in the past four years
from the establishment of this great principle?
The enhanced value of our property is the most
effectual and conclusive refutation of this asser
tion. hut, say they, Kansas hav been lost. True,
but were we not prepared tor this? Our own
stater.nen mid us that Kansas would be a free
.State, the very hour we exulted over our triumph
in wresting this principle from the hands of our
opponents. ....
tine principle is well established —one which is
esgrafled ou no plaliorm, made hv no convention;
s principle nut enunciated by parties —one on
which the safety of our lu.-titutton securely rests ;
it is the principle of gdf-inUrest. Slavery will go
and be securely established wherever soli and cli
mate will muk’e it profitable; Us protection will
there be shore eil'ectual than all the principles a: d
abstractions lor which the secediug delega ions
contend; where sml and climate are inimical,
slavery will be excluded, aye, even abolished a
effecuiallv as the enforcement of the Wiiinot pro
viso. If’sml and climate be favorable, men trout
Massachusetts will purchase slaves and settle the
Territories; U unfavorable, citizens of Georgia will
cultivate their native soil and slay at home.
But to the principles of intervention by Con
gress to protect slavery in the Territories, as asked
for hv [he secediug delegations. To ask protec
tion is to ask lor legislation; to legislate is the
power loestablish or prohibit. Do the seceders
prav lor Congressional legislation? If so, they
must be convinced that prohibition must be the
result. If the united efforts of Democrats North
ami Southcould not deteat the election of Black Re
publican speakers, what are our prospects for
Congressional protection when, the power to legis
late is delegated to Congress? It is the exercise
of this dangerous cower that we dreaded, and that
fear urged us to adopt that principle which is “the
only sound and safe solution of the 'slavery ques
tion’ upon which the great national idea of the
people of this whole country cun_repo.se in its de
termined conservatism of the Cub a—turn inter
venturn by Longrett with slavery in State or Terri
tory, Or m the Ihetnct of .Columbia.”
If, then, the South deems it dangerous for Con
gress to intervene on this subject, what belter pro
tection can she have than that afiorded by the
Constitution itself, which the Supreme court, in
the Drvd Scott decision, says, recognises and pro
tec s slave y But, should there exist any doubts
as to the protection thus afforded, does not the
second and third resolutions ot the platform adopt
ed in Charleston, by the National convention, in
terpret the meaning, and breathe the very spirit
of protection? The second resolution is—
“ 2. Rtsoloed. That the Democratic party will
abide by the decisions of the Supreme court of the
Honed States, on the questions of Constitutional
This is a clear and henest endorsement of the
principles decided in the Dred Scott case, as to
the recognition, and pruteettou ot slavery by the
Constitution. The third resolution is—
“ 3. Res deed, That it is the duty of the United
States to afford ample and complete protection to
all its citizens, whether at home or abroad, and
whether native or foreign.”
This resolution certainly annihilates every doubt
as to whether or not the Constitution gives protec
tion to all. Whut stronger, more conservative j
principles can we ask ior? If these be carried oat,
and they fail to give us “ ample and complete”
protection, we are indeed hopeless.
The principles, or rather abstractions, contended
or by the seceding delegations, are such that dis
union men should earnestly contend for, and were
it not for the. strong denial on the part of the
most prominent seceders, I should believe that
they took the preliminary steps for disunion.
When once the power is delegated to Congress to
protect, which means legislate on the subject ©f
slavery in the Territories, it will be exercised in
favor of exclusion, and disunion or a dishonorable
submission must follow.
The seceders not only abandon the principle of
nonintervention, but repudiate and contend for
intervention by Congress. Great parties should not
abandon great principles, and never repudiate
them.
The convention at Charleston was truly national
in its character. The action and arguments of the
northern men were characterised by a sound, na
tional and conservative spirit; and, t say it regret
fully, the demon of sectionalism first made its ap
pearance in our latitude. The fifth resolution
evinces clearly that no freesoil element pervaded
the delegates from the North. They “are in favor
of the acquisition of the Island of Cuba, on such
terms as shall be honorable to ourselves, and just
to Spain.” The sixth resolution, though a truism
in itself, is nevertheless an index to the true feel
ings of northern Democrats, and shows conclusive
ly that the Democratic party can justly claim, that
proudest of titles, that it is a National party, and
as such, the only one that can secure the rights of
all sections of the Union. Democrat.
[communicated.]
The Augusta and Macon Railroad,
Although the friends of this enterprise have for
some time held undisputed possession of all ave
nues to the public ear, it ha 9 been a difficult task
to impress men, who control their own capital,
with conjidencs. So obvious, indeed, are the diffi
culties under which the stock, would labor, that
ouly three classes of persons are likely to invest:
1. Those who are willing to invest without hope
of profit—as the people of Hancock county, who
want a railrvad. 2. Those who are excited, and
willing to pay for the privilege—as some of the
people of Augusta. 3. Those who have confidence
in the two former classes, and iniagiue their sub
scriptions to be based upon purely cash considera
tions.
An analysis of the recent subscription list,
which revived temporary and unexpected hopes of
life to the road, shows, that of a total subscrip
tion, conditional aud unconditional, of nominally
over eighteen hundred thousand dollars, (subject
to considerable scaling, however—witness the
imaginary two hundred thousand dollars to be
taken in Bibb, and worked out; aud the Jones
county subscription, on condition of going by
Cliuton), on any given route the private subscrip
tions bear a very small proportion to city and cor
poration subscriptions. A few telling men have
subscribed in Augusta, belonging, probably, to
the second class above referred to, whose influence
has contributed not a little towards enlarging the
third class. But, of the whole sum, the city of
Augusta subscribes five hundred thousand dollars,
the city ot Charleston two hundred and fifty thou
sand dollars, the city of Macon fifty thousand dol
lars, the city of Milledgeville (we believe,) sixty
thousand dollars, the South Carolina railroad two
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, while all the
private subscriptions, on any one route, amount
to about one bait the subscription of the city of
Augusta. The ellbrt is evidentlv not to appro
priate the gams, but to distribute the losses of the
enterprise.
There is no hope of a direct route, upon the pru
dent and sensible condition suggested by “A Cash
Subscriber,” of starting with capital enough to
build and equip the road without incurring a debt,
so as to be ready, at once, on the completion of
the road, to divide out among the stockholders
whatever profits may accrue—lurge or small. It
is probable that not more limn one half of the nec
essary amount for this could be raised, and wretch
edly crippled with conditions at that; tor the new
road must be a first class road ; if indifferently
built, it must prove a dead failure. It will need
to be first class in construction, equipment, and
management, to do any business ut all; otherwise,
the existing Augustu and Macon line, which is first
class, would ruo a lightning tram and beat it to
dacon; otherwise, the Georgia railroad (on the
supposed penchant of which road for losing its ,
travel such reliance is placed) would wake up s*nd
test the easier problem of getting first to Opelika,
at which point travelers who parted company with
the Georgia, road at Augusta or Warrentou, would
im et those who adhered to it.
These conditions, however, of a first class road,
well equipped, and all paid for, are not at alPlikely
to be fulfilled. The prospect is more promising
for a poor, halting, struggling, enterprise—half
built—half paid for, and its backers fatigued with
iheir burden, and uncertain whether their interest
deni »nds of them to return or go on.
Nor do we see that it would be a valuable pro
perty, even if completed—well built and paid for.
The chief point iu ease of the stockholder, in that
event, would be that his loss being realised, he
would be in condition to turn his attention else- :
where.
For be it remembered, that the Augusta and Ma
con railroad relies not upon converting a wagon
into a railroad business, but. upon diverting a busi
ness already dune by rail. It can hope to prosper
ouly by such business in the way of freight as it
can conquer from the Central, and in the way of
passengers us it can conquer from the Augusta &,
Savannah, the Central, and (principally) from the
Georgia road.
Now, albeit We are often told that this is all le
gitimate, as it clearly is, not less obviously legiti
mate is it for the other roads to help themselves if
they can. And their powers for so doing are cer
tonly by no means inconsiderable.
The Central railroad would strengthen its con
nections beyond Macon, and reduce to a minimum
the cotton that would stop there. It would never
consent to a union of depot or tracks with the new
road. Cotton from the remotest finger of its h*ng
arms would reach the Centra! railroad depot on
the car on which it was loaded. Its connection
with the Macon and Western and the South
western railroad are extremely intimate. With
the enlarged arrangements for cotton not to
stop, Macon would derive little benefit. With the
dam between Augusta and the South Carolina rail
road entirely removed, Augusta would take little
toll. As to that cotton, however, which still
stopped in Macon, the Central railroad could cer
tainly afford to carry it to the sea cheaper than any
other route. The character of the cotton trade,
too, is rapidly changing. The planter’s market is
brought to his doer. Men sell now in Americus,
Albany, Griffin, in Madison, Greensboro’, Coving
t *n, iu LaGrunge, and Newnan. The merchants of
these interior towns and villages do the sorting,
and it next seeks the sea. The moderate quantity
carried by the Augusta and Macon road would be
at low rates—exceedingly low. And after de
ducting the common expense, the margin of profit
between high and low freight is wonderfully dif
ferent. The Augusta aud Savannah railroad car
ries considerably more cotton than the Atlanta and
West Point, but gets much less gross profit, and
hugely less net profit, tor carrying it.
So far as Charleston capital drew cotton, it
would, of course, enure little to the benefit of Au
gusta, or Georgia. The conditions attached to her
subscription are not at all obscure in their mean
ing-
Up freight on the new road would be a meagre
item of local business. The Central railroad, for
Macon and points beyond, would retain its busi
ness almost intact. The route by Savannah for
heavy goods is obviously better; for light goods, the
Savannah steamers and Central railroad furnish
every desirable facility.
In the competition for travel, the Georgia rail
road route would be but thirty miles, i. e., one
hour and a half longer than the Augusta and
Macon route. The changes at Macon and Colum
bus would involve loss of time sufficient or nearly
so, to cover the difference in distance. The capaci
ty for speed of *he upper route is superior. The
connections would be the same ;even if the lower
route gained time, the passengers would have to 1
-ATJG-TTBTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, !M_AY 16, 1860.
wait, for the Montgomery and West Point train at
Opelika would wait for the Georgia railroad and
LaGmnge railroad passengers. The rates being the
same, and the effective time the same, the choice
of routes would be a mere matter of taste. Cer
tainly. railroad would keep a good
share of the travel.
The Central railroad would extend her efforts
for steamship travel to repair what she would lose.
She would make good terms with the Augusta
and Savannah road for any travel which cheap
ness and accommodation could secure, aDd at least
keep rates of travel low. There would be on the
new route an omnibus ride, a change of baggage
not required t n present route. The cars at Macon
would wait, ot uour&e, tor the Savannah train.
Take it altogether, the through travel not al
ready diverted by more northern routes, would be
drvicled out, and not, by any means, altogether ab
sorbed by the Augusta and Macon railroad.
The comparative relations of the new road to
the Central road, and to the Georgia road, seem
to be singularly miscoustrued. It is admitted that
to the Central the new road will be a rival, com
peting for its freight. But it its thought that to the
Georgia road it is no rival, because it ouly com
petes lor its travel—the very cream of its busi
ness. It seems to be quietly taken for granted
that the Georgia road is anxious to exchange the
through travel over one hundred and twenty miles
of its own road, and over the eutire Atlanta and
West Point road, (of which, nearly one-third be
longs to the Georgia road,) for a very thin and un
profitable down freight over fifty miles of its own
road, on which down freight is already in excess,
the cars frequently going up empty. Or if this
exchange be undesirable, the through, or direc*
line, to Macon is a rod to force a connection at
Warrenton, and possibly even a subscription. We
think the relation of the new road to the Georgia
road more injurious than to the Central. A road
connecting Augusta with the Ceulral railroad at
Davisboro’, seventy miles below Macon, would be
almost as direct as the Air line proposed, and need
be only about fifty-five miles long. Davisboro’ is,
indeed, much nearer a straight line joining Au
gusta aud Macon than a line joining Savannah and
Macon. It is less out of line between Augusta and
Macon than some points on the Macon and West
ern road are out ot line between Atlanta and Ma
con. A much better argument could be addressed
to tlie Central railroad for subscribing to and co
operating in a load from Augusta to Davisboro*,
than to the Georgia road for one from Macon to
Warrenton—so much better, indeed,that the former
road, if proposed, might deserve some considera
tion, but tor its injurious influence on other rail
roads already constructed.
The connection at Warrenton would rob the
Georgia railroad of only three-fourths instead of
four-fifths of the travel diverted from it. Obliged,
all events, by her other travel to run two
trains a day each way, the profits of her through
travel are almost nett profit, as before expressed
the cream of her business. The new road would
not only detiact from her own business, but lo the
same extent injure her interest in the Atlantic and
West Point road, and well nigh ruin her invest
ment in the Augusta and Savannah road, in re
turn (or which it could at best but crowd the lower
aud most crowded part of her road with unremu>
nerative down freight, already overbalincingjip
freight.
There aie other views of the subject which we
will not lake time in this hasty review to present.
The whole enterprise is an effort to divert busi
ness already well provided for from its present
channels; and if it can be carried out, will lead to
a crash of railroad interests in Georgia. It has
had its origin, iu great measure, in excitement
rather than cool judgment. But lor the Eatont><n
and Madison road, it would probably not again
have been agitated. The writer, years ago, was
favorably inclined to that, road as a branch of the
Georgia railroad. Let the latter now accommo
date the good citizens of Hancock by agreeing to
favorable terms with a road to Spuria, substantial
ly the same with those made with the Washington
branch. In many respects this is desirable. Han
cock is a vutulthy county, making large crops, de
siring to import fertilisers, its people inclined to
travel on business and pleasure. If not fully up
to the average of the main road, it will at least do
a fair business, and hardly affect the stock appre
ciably. Lei this be done, and then let the matter
re9t, and all the great interests of the State pros
per. Macon and Atlanta are well connected, Ma
con fnd Augusta well connected, Madison and
Gordon will be. Let a road from the Georgia
railroad penetrate to Sparta, and no portion of the
South (nor of any moderately populated country,
especially when roads pay anything,) w ill bo better
accommodated for freight and travel than the
quadrangle, bounded - u the North by the Georgia
railroad, East by the Augusta and Savannah, South
by the Central railroad, West by the Macon and
Western, intersected by the Gordon, Milledge
ville, Eatonton, and Madison roads, and penetrated
in the only destitute part by the Sparta branch.
A Country Stockholder of the G. K. R.
Washington, Ga., April 20, 1800.
Front the Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser, April 15.
California Beer.
Mr. Editor: Seeing an article going the rounds
of the papers in regard to the character of the
California beer, as it is sometimes called, and be
lieving a misapprehension is prevalent iu regard
to it, 1 send you the following facts :
The material that produces the fermentation in
the sweetened water, that is applied to it, is the
same as pure, ordinary yeast. Under the rrucio
scopc it appears exactly like yeast. The cells an*
identical, in appearance, to yeast cells and arrang
ed in series like them. By analysis they yield the
same products, they act exactly like ordinary good
yeast. Yeast, as is well known, generates yeast
when the nitrogeuised materials are present for its
production. The California yeast does the sumc.
If water sweetened with pure crystals of sugar be
alone applied to the yeast it will not only cease to
grow, but will diminish and disappear.
The nitrogenised ingredients in the molasses,
that came from the juice of the sugar cane affords
the material for its continued increase, and ordi
nary yeast will do the same. It is common yeas*,
neither more nor less. We are told that persons
have been killed by the use of this yeast iu bread
and beer, and the “yeast has been found in the
viscera by post moitem examination.” This may
be possible, but it is exceedingly improbable.
Yeast is a changing substance, and it is the
change, that gives it its power to convert sugar
into alcohol and carbonic acid, which is fermenta
tion or beer making, or bread raising. Iu the
bread the heat destroys the yeast. In the beer the
yeast is in the bottom, and constitutes no part of
the beer itself, and should not be drunk.
We have heard of several who have been very
much pleased with the use of the California ye;.st,
as it is called, but from the articles in the papers
alluded to, have thrown it aside. We think there
is no good cause for such a course. If persons
have taken the yeast into the system, and have
been injured by it, there should be no wonder, as
common yeast, we do not imagine, would be a
healthy article of diet; but there is uo call for such
a course, in employing it in any of its useful ap
plications. Yeast colls taken into a healthy stems
ach would undergo immediate change; and fur
thermore, their action as yeast cells w’onld pro
duce no fatal results or any chemical effects they
are known to produce. Facts are wanted to prove
the injurious action of this material.
Very respectfully, J. Darby.
East Ala., Male coilege, Auburn, April 12th, '6O.
State Democratic Convention 4tii of June
Next. —So far as we have heard, there is a unan
imous desire among all classes of the Democracy,
the returning delegates included, in respect to a
State convention, to counsel together in this peril
ous crisis of the Democratic party and the coun
try. All desire it as early as possible, consistent
with a fair and full representation from every part
of the State. We have a month to Monday, 4th
June next, and that will be one week before the
session of the convention which has been called
at Richmond, and a fortnight before the Baltimore
convention—leaving time for delegates to reach ;
either. We confidently believe, in this state of af
fairs, the Democrauc Executive committee will ;
unite at once m designating Monday, the 4th of i
June next, as the day lor a general State cooven- ■
tion ot the Democracy, at Muledgcville, and the
people will proceed to appoint delegates to that '
convention.— Macon Telegraph , sth msi.
From the Baltimore Sun.
Thirty-Sixth Congress—First Session.
Washington, May 3.—The Senate is not in ses
sion.
House. —Mr. Lake presented a communication
from Mr. Chaffee, the Librarian of the House, call
irg attention to the injury to about seventy thous
and v(flumes of public documents now stored away
in the damp vaults of the Capitol,and suggesting
that a part of the old hall of Representatives be
fitted up for tbeir reception.
Mr. Lake, after the paper was read, submitted a
resolution in order to carry out the suggestion of
the librarian.
Mr. Peyton remarked that the committee on
public buildings and grounds have the subject in
charge, and believe they can make better arrange
ments than occupying the old hall of Representa
tives.
Ths matter was referred to the committee.
Mrflpheruian made a suggestion as to early ac-
Uo the iff bill.
’s . Cobb said be wanted to make a speech on
in* «,tat3l»f the Union generally, but desired to
ihit till after the Charleston convention acted. If
that convention should be turned out to grass, he
v;ould forbear a speech. [Laughter.]
Mr. Sherman said he would call up the tariff bill
on Wednesday, and it was general I v agreed that
after to-day debate should be confined in commit
tee to that subject until disposed of.
.The House then went into committee of the
whole.
Mr. Gooch, of Massachusetts, made a speech in
review of the Dred Scott decision, refuting the po
sitions therein assumed.
Mr. Hall, of Pennsylvania, made a speech de>
fending the party, asserting as tbeir
doctrines the non-extension of slavery and the pro
tection of domestic industry.
Mr. Stanton, of Ohio, said that the outer}' against
negroes was a low, vulgar prejudice, and consti
tuted the stock in trade of the Democrats of the
Northwest. lie occupied his hour in discussing
the slavery question in its northern aspect. Mr.
Stanton maintained that the Union could only be
preserved by the election of a Republican Presi
dent.
The committee rose, and the House adjourned.
Washington, May 4.— Senate. —The Vice-Presi
dent lUid before the Senate a message from the
President of the United States, m compliance with
a resolution of the Senate of the 22d March, call
ing for information concerning the expulsion of
Eugene Delli, a native of Prussia, aud a naturalis
ed citizen of the United States, from that country
in or about the year 1857 ; which was read and
laid on the table.
Also, a message from the President, in answer
to a resolution ot the Senate of the lDlh of March,
calling for correspondence in relation to the Moun
tain meadow and other massacres in Utah Terri
tory ; which was read and laid on the table.
Also, a letter from the Postmaster Genera), com
municating in compliance with a resolution
of the Senate of the 2‘3d ulitimo, copies of
the contracts of Daniel U. Johnson and Cornelius
Vanderbilt for transporting the mails betweeu
New York, New Orleans and San Francisco, via
the Isthmus route, with the correspondence rela
ting thereto ; which was read and ordered to lie
i on the table.
Mr. Crittenden asked and obtained leave to in
> trod ace a bill to provide for the ascertainment and
satisfaction of the claims of American citizens for
. spoliations committed by the French, prior to the
t 31st of July, 1801, which was read twice and rc
> ferred to a select committee of live, to be appoint
t ed by the Chair,
i On motion of Mr, Clingmau, a resolution was
, adopte.d, instructing the committee on Indian at*
, fairs to inquire into the expediency of amending
i the second portion of the third section of the In
: umn appropriation bill of 1855, so as to exempt
. from the operation of said proviso all of the N. C.
. Cberokees who have become citizens tindei the
. treaties of 1817 and 1810, and subsequent treaties,
i aud are embraced in the census of the State taken
- ui 1850.
After a short executive session, the doors were
) opened, and the piivale calendar »*•*.•> taken op.
, Several billy were passed, when the Senate ad
, jounied till Monday next.
Jimese. —The House was occupied with the eon
■ sideratiou of private bills.
> The House concurred in the report of the com
mittee of conference on the disagreeing umend
i merits of the two Houses fit 'he Washington Centre
, market house bill, authorising a loan of two huu
. died thousand dollars lor that purpose.
On motion of Mr. Curtis, a resolution was
adopted calling on the Secretary of War to furnish
> tlie committee on military affairs a statement
, showing the expense and progress of Stevens’ iron
battery for harbor defense, now in the course ot
i construction iu the vicinity of New York.
Tlie House considered and passed private bills,
among them, to pay for depredations committed
by the whites on the Kansas Shawnee Indians.
The House then went into committee of the
whole on the tariff bill.
Messrs. Longnecker, Adr&iu, aud Nixon made
speeches in favor of protection to American indus
try, after which
The House adjourned.
From the Charleston Courier , May 8.
Tribute of Worth.
There is now on exhibition at the store of Mr.
J. Spear, 235 King street, a magnificent silver
pitcher, ot exquisite workmanship and art, of the
renowned Rebecca style or pattern, manufactured
by this celobruted jeweler ot our city, which bus
been presented by a number of the non-resident
members of the press, who were in attendance on
the Charleston convention, to Mr. W. T. J. O.
Woodward, the favorite and popular agent of
“Adams’ Express Company.”
The following is the correspondence between the
parties ;
Charleston, May 3,1560.
IF. T. J. O. Woodward, Esq., Agent Adams Express:
Dear Sir: The undersigned, members of the
press, representing the journals to which our
names aie attached, and now in attendance on the
Charleston convention, in consideration of your
kiud atteutioDS and the facilities afforded us in tlie
transmission of our communications through the
Adams’ Express, and in uppr'tciatim ot your
high moral worth aud character ts a gentleman,
take this occasion to present to }t u the accom
panying silver pitcher as a testimonial of our high
regard aud esteem.
E. Barksdale, Jackson Mississippian.
John C. Burch, Nashville Union.
Sam’l C. Reid, Jr., New Orleans Picayune.
W. 11. Pritchard, Augusta Constitutionalist.
Chas. C. Fulton, Baltimore American.
Wm. H. Parsons, Galveston News.
Henry J. Leovy, New Orleans Delta.
H. F. Cooper, Chattanooga Advertiser.
T. A. Burkk, Savannah News.
M. H alstead, Cincinnati Commercial.
B. F. Dill, Memphis Appeal.
J. P. Hamblktox, Atlanta Southern Confederacj .
J. Edmund Burke, Atlanta Intelligeucer.
John M’Clkxahan. ( v - v .», ~
Samuel li. Glen, f New 1 ork U>;rttld -
Wm. Wand, Frank Leslie’s News.
Charleston, May 5, 1880.
Gentlemen: Your complimentary letter of the
3d inst., preseulmgto me a beautiful silver pitcher
“as a testimonial of your high regard ami esteem,”
for the simple act of civility extended to you by
the Adams’ Express Company, was received this
morning.
The unexpected and distinguished manifesta
tions of your sentiments of regard are as much to
my surprise as 1 feel they are unmerited on my
part. The observance of courteous civilities is
but a common duty we owe at all times to one
another. But towards you, gentlemau of the
Press, whose genius and talent, in your labors
and toils for the public, are so rarely appreciated,
it is but the smallest tribute to your corps, that go
where you may, you should receive from every
stranger hand those courtesies ot life which are but
a faint acknowledgement of your worth.
I accept, with feelings of the deepest gratitude,
the beautiful present you have tendered me]
and shall ever cherish the memory ol your visit
to Charleston, and your kind expressions of regard
for me, with the liveliest emotions. With great
respect, I have the honor to be, your obedient ser
vant,
(Signed), W. T. J. O. Woodward.
To .Messrs. E. Barksdale, Samuel C. Reid, jr., Jn«.
C. Burch, and others.
Terrible Catastrophe.
Oar community is overwhelmed in gloom, in
consequence of a heartrending disaster, which
occurred on Saturday afternoon last, about 5
o clock, at Boykin s mill, eight miles from town.
In the morning, a party of ladies and gentlemen
from Camden and the neighborhood met at the
place mentioned, on a picnic excursion, and after
spending the most of the day, concluded in the
afternoon to get aboard a flat boat near the shore,
for the purpose of going out into the pond. Some
fifty persons, it is said, got on, and the flat was
moved off, and when about fifty or sixty yards out
into the water, it is supposed that it struck a snag,
which caused the boat to commence leaking, and,
in a few minutes, from the heavy weight upon it,
commenced sinking. In the consternation which
seized hold upon the party, many jumped over
board, and out of the number, we are pained to
say that twenty-four persons were drowned—
mostly ladies. Others, more fortunate, were just
saved, mainly through the assistance of those who
had not left the flat, or went to their rescue from
the shore.
What a sad and calamitous termination of a fes
tive occasion!
The following is a correct list of those who
were drowned, and whose bodies have all been re
covered.
Miss Sarah Howell, Camden.
“ Salina Crosby “
“ Marv Hinson, “
“ Louisa S. Nettles, “
“ Elizabeth McKagen, “
“ Margaret McKown, “
“ Louisa McKown, •*
“ Amelia A. Alexander, “
41 Alice Robinson, “
“ Jane Kelly, Boykin’s T. O.
Two daughters and one son of Mr. Samuel H.
Young, near Boykin’s T. O.
Mis* Jenkins, daughter of Mr. M. D. Jenkins,
Clarkson’s T. O.
Mr. Jeremiah R. McLeod, Sumter District.
“ Joseph Hugcins, 44
“ T. S. S. Richbourg, 41
“ Lucius R. LeGrand, Camden.
“ Wm. C. LeGrand, 44
“ John A. Oaks, 44
Master Wm. McKagen, 44
Mr. B. F. liocott, near Camden.
And two negroes, making twenty-four persons
in all.
The pall of gloom is spread over the entire
community, and there is not a single heart which
we are sure does not feel painfully impressed with
this sad and overwhelming calamity.
On Sunday last our town presented a scene
which we pray it may never be our lot to witness
again. In every direction distress and lamenta
tion might have been witnessed, and our sympathi
sing, noble-hearted community, were aIT alive in
ministrations of kindness and sympathy—visiting
the stricken homes of our bereaved and deeply af
flicted fellow citizens. Everything that the most
thoughtful and unremitting kindness aud attention
could suggest, was promptly done to soothe the
crushed and broken hearted relatives of the unfer
■ tunute victims.
Inasmuch as it was a public calamity, it was
thought best to make a common burial, and to this
end, funeral services were held over the following
in the Methodist church,'at four o’clock :
Miss Elizabeth McKagen. Miss Louis S. Nettles,
the Misses McKown, Miss Howell, Miss Hinson,
Miss Alexander, Messrs. L. Iv. and W. C.
Legrand, and Master William Kagen.
Rev. K. .1. Meynardie conducted the services, as
sisted by the Rev. S. 11. Hay, of the Presbyterian,
1 »nd Kev. W. E. Hughson, of the Baptist churches.
The congregation was a very large and deeply
: affected one. A large number of our citizens fol
lowed the remains to their last earthly restin '
1 place.
T e funeral services of Miss Crosby were held
at the Episcopal church yesterday morning, con
, ducted by Rev. T. I’. Davis.
1 The fuueral of Alice Robirson took place ur the
Methodist church, conducted by Rev. E. J. Mey
‘ nardie; and those of Mr. John A. Oaks, at theßap
cliureh, in the j Mflwronr*fi, conducted by Rev.
W. E. Hughson, assisted by Iter. J. E. Rodgers,
and E.J. Mey nardie.
The sevtral occasions were well improved by
most excellent, we'l tuned and solemn admoni
tions to the living. Surely the voice of the most
High is heard, preaching louder and in more ter
rible language than human lips can speak.
Will that voice be heard and obeyed? We trust
that it may be so, and ihat great good to our whole
community may eventuate from this sudden and
crashing calamity. If we do not believe now,
neither would we, were one sent from the dead.
\\ ith most commendable good taste, our wor
thy town council requested all places of business
to be closed during the entire day of yesterday,
and without a solitary exception, the stores were
closed, aud the community united in demonstra
tions of respect for ihe i!eau, aud sympathy ft*r the
living.
In just such a place as dear old Camden we want
to live, and when our summons comes, among our
own sainted dead to be buried and mingle our
dust.
It is a shock which our quiet community never
felt before, and many long years must elapse be
fore the recollections of this sad eveut will pass
away among the things that were.
Our spirtt is overwhelmed by this crushing ca
(amity, and it would be an idle mockery of words
in attempting to give an idea of the grief which
has been carried to so many kiudred hearts by
this sudden and most remarkable visitation.
But He who doeth ail things well, is too wise to
err, and too good to be unkind.
’Tis not ours to question, but adore.
A Perilous Undertaking.—The attention of a
very large number of persons was attracted, this
morning, to the movements of one of the woik
men who has recently been employed in painting
the State house steeple. The flag on the main
building had become entangled with the rod ut
the extreme top of the steeple, far above the ball
and vane. For months the ragged remains of the
streamer have been fluttering from the rod, and it
seemed probable that they were destined to re
main there until they should gradually rot avrav
and blow off This morning the workman alluded
to, placed a ladder from the topmost scaffolding
on the st«'ej*le, and by meaus of this he mounted
npoli the extreme top of the spire. By holding
ou to the rod he was enabled to maintain his font
ing, although the large gilt ball was just above
him. With one hand he held on to the rod below
the ball, and he then made a long reach over and
around the ball, and'having obtained a hold
above, a pole was handed up to him, and bv means
of it he patieutly disentangled the fragments of the
Hug, and they were blown away by the wind. All
this was accomplished with one band, nearly two
hundred feet above the ground, while he had but
a mere toe-hold on the summit of the spire, and
he was only able to hold on by reaching over the
ball. After accomplishing the task, the intrepid
man descended in the same manner that he hud
mounted, aud with as much apparent coolness as
though he was creeping from a hay mow down to
a barn floor. The lookers on gazed with breath
less attention at the feat, and very liberal sums
ttere named as insufficient to induce the namers
to attempt the same exploit.
Philadelphia Inquirer, April 3.
Washington, May 4.—The Supreme Court of
the Lnited States adjourned to-day until the next
regular term, m December next. During the late
term about seventy California land cases have
been decided. Os these, upwards of thirty con
tested ones in favor of the government of the
L nited States, embraciug at le«st a million of acres
ot land, worth from fifteen to twenty millions of
dollars. Among these is the case of Bolton, the
claini being for ten thousand acres in the city of
S.»n rmncisco, and twenty thousand acres outside
he corporate limits, worth it is supposed, ten mil
lions ot dollars. In the latter (as iu the other
twenty-nine,) the general ground was fraud, the
court basing »ts opinion on the following points:
First, that the claimants showed no legal tide,
and no recorded evidence in support of the grant;
second, that the claimants have no euuity for want
ot consideration, possession and improvements,
and third, the evidence satisfied the court that
the claim was fraudulently fabricated, probably in
1830, and autedated, and was false and forged.
The court therefore reversed the decision of the (
California District Court and the board cf com- 1
miss ioners.
VOL. 39—IS O. 21
The Methodist General Conference*
Buffalo, May 3. —Third Day. —Various prelimi-
D ? r^f?i dtters °* no S enera * interest were disposed
or. 1 here were presented a mass of petitions and
memorials on the subject of slavery, asking for a
change of rules.
Among the delegates appointed on the slave
ry committee, are the Rev. N. B. J. Morgan
ot the Baltimore Conference ; Rev. Geo. Hildt, of
the East Baltimore Conference ; and Rev. James
r . Drummond, of the West Virginia Conference.
Rev. Calnn Kingsley, of the Erie Conference, is
the Chairman. He is in favor of changing the church
discipline on the subject.
Ex-President Fillmore appeared m the hall, and
a resolution was unanimously adopted invitiDg
him to a seat on the platform. He was received by
the bishops and cordially welcomed, the confer
ence rising in a mass.
The report of the managers of the New York
Book Concern shows that the total number of books
published during the last four years is three mil
lion eight hundred thousand dollara worth, besides
twenty-seven million eight hundred and two thou
sand pages of tracts. Total sales for the four
years, one million one hundred and seventy-live
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four dollars, an
increase of one hundred and seventy-five thousand
one hundred and thirty-three dollars over the pre
vious four years. The debt of the Book Concern
in 1856 was one hundred and seventy thousand
seven hundred and four dollars, but now only
amounts to sixty-seven thousand eight hundred
and nine dollars. The total profits of the concern
since 1836, are set down at one million one hun
dred and seventy-one thousand five hundred and
eighty-four dollars.— Balt. Sun.
Monticbllo, Ga., April 26, 1860.
In accordance with a previous notice, a very
large portion of the citizens of Jasper county this
day convened in the court house, for the purpose
of considering the feasibility of the project of a
railroad communication from Madison, through
this county to Barnesville and Gritiin, when, on
motion of Col. J. R. Dyer, Col. Avis Newton was
called to the Chair, and Ed. B. Smith appointed
Secretary.
Col. J. R. Dyer introduced the following pream
ble and resolution :
Whereas, the annual convention of the stock
holders of the Georgia Railroad and Banking Com
pany is shortly to convene in the city of Angustu,
and with a view to bring to the notice ot the con
vention the project of a railroad communication
from Maoism through our county to Barnesville
uud Griffin, and, if possible, to enlist the Georgia
i Railroad and Banking Company in behalf of the
i contemplated railroad route above designated.
• And, whereas, it is considered importunt that our
■ county should be prepared to present to the con
i vention the reasons which have induced us to the
; conclusion that it would be to the interest of the
■ Georgia Railroad and Banking Company to lend
l material aid to the proposed road from Madison
i to Barnesville and Griffin, therefore,
; Resolved t That the Chairman appoint a de’ega
- tion ol fifteen gentlemen from our county t«> pre
sent the matter to the consideration of the stock
s holders of the Georgia Railroad and Banking Com
s panv, asking the favorable notice of the company
' to liie proposed railroad from Madison to Griffin
and Barnesville.
, The meeting was then addressed by Hon. N. G.
, Foster, of Madison, Col. J.S. Boynton, of Jackson,
and Col. Stewart, of Gritiin, in some verv impres
sive remarks, urging the necessity of immediate
- action a hearty co-operation. In considera
, tion of which, on motion of Major A. W. Luufc, it
was ordered that the thanks of the meeting be
■ voted to them.
On motion of T. J. Smith, Esq., the preamble
: and resolution were adopted.
The Chairman then appointed the f< bowing
i named gentlemen to constitute the delegation in
• accordance with the above resolution, to wit:
Col. Fleming Jordan. Thomas J. Smith. A. W.
l.ane,H K Uimrr. O. T. B-n-itot. fur.i.t. I'•
I, XV. Pon, K. \V. Bin lie.*, K. Toniol ii . I i‘.
Hallon. W. D. Maddux. J. M. Willian >. tt
Lotto .. K. S. Ulmer, mi-! B. A. H'all n
The Chairman of the meeting, on moth , . F.
J. Smith, Est]., was added t«> the delegatet .
On motion ofG. T. Bartlett, E-q , tHe \ ■
ings of the meeting were ordered to b * \ 1
in the papers of Augusta, Madison, G?..: l
Midedgeville.
On motion of 11. S. Glover. Esq, th .g
then adjourned. Avis Newton, Chairman.
E. H. Smith, Secretary.
Don’t ij«: Frigiituned.—We, the junior editor,
arrived in this city on yesterday morning, uud
discovered a great deal ot anxiety and apprehen
sion existing among some of our friends, in con
sequence ot ihe recent bolt of sere:at southern
delegations from the regular National Democratic
convention. Several of the dispatclc-s that we
have see® relating to this matter, are entirely
waiiting in truth. The Alabama, Florida, Texas
and Miss.sstppi delegation withdrew m totor
Louisiana, Arkansas, south Carolina and Dela
ware, each left delegates behind, who were not
disposed to give sanction to such an imprudent
and unwise course of action. When we left the
, city of Charleston, we were assured by three of
; the Georgia delegation, that there would be a se
cession <>n the part of some of their party, but
that this would be confined principally to those
: who are known to be especial tonls’of Howell
Cobb. William L. Yancey is at the li ad of this
move, and is now laboring with undimicished ac
tivity and energy, to complete urn! carry out his
, designs, as were pla nly la d down in his Liter to
Mr. Slaughter, ot Georgia. He has “inflamed the
southern mind,and tired the southern heart,’’and
has now only to “precipitate the cotton States into
a levolutiou.” God forbid that we should ever
. >ee this ; bur we will tell the people of this State
’ and the people of this great country, that unless
the mad schemes of this dtsigi ii g, reckless and
overbearing politician are crushed, such will be
our fate. The action of these bobers seemed
neither to disturb the orderly pioceedings of the
regular convention, nor to arouse sympathy in the
hearts of any one.
Montgomery • A ’a.) Con Jtde ration
The Protection Platf* km —When is it Neces
sary To intervene?—The protection platform of
the seceding Richmond convention is embraced
m the toll wing resolution—a dim and misty an
nouncement of the doctrine, which Winston, of
Alabama, in a speech elsewhere published, char
acterised as a “humbug,” as “bilkutg the question”
—as a “delusion/ a gull trap—as not embracing
the doctrine of Alabama:
2d. That it is the duty of the Federal Govern
ment, in all its departments, to protect when nec
essary*. the righ s of persons and property in the
Territories, and wherever else its constitutional
authority extends.
Congress is to intervene for the protection of
slavery "when necessary,'" of which necessity, they,
of course, are to be sole judges. It is on this issue,
that Congress is to protect slavery in the Territo
ries when they third' it necessary, that the Rich
mond conventiou is called. Now, gentlemen of
Richmond, in order to get at the true merits and
value of your Congressional protection platform,
appoint a committee of correspondence to demand
Seward, Hale, Wilson, Sumner, Lovejny, Sherman,
and .he rest of them, and ascertain definitely the
precise point of time or concatenation of circum
stances when they think it will be “necessary” for
Congress to intervene for the protection of slavery
in the Territories! Pray do it at once, ond throw
light on the platform ! — Macon. Telegraph, st/i inst.
Washington, May 4.—There has been much ex -
citement to-day among southern Democratic Con
gressmen upon a proposition for their uuiting in
a request to the southern delegates to Charleston
that did not erode from the convention to join, at
Richmond, tho-e that did secede. I hear from most
prominent gentlemen that the effort will be una
vailing. For all that, several Senators and Rep
resentatives, from what is termed the cotton States,
will sign a request to the effect above stated.
I hear that Mr. Seward no longer hesitates
about running for tbe nomination at Chicago, but
the Republicans have plenty of trouble among
themselves as t<> who shall be their nominee.
Norfolk, May 7.—The venerable Little Waller
Tazewell, formerly U. S. Senator from, and Gov
ernor of Virginia, died yesterday, at the age of
eighty-five. His remains will be taken to the
Eastern Shore for interment.