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with the ‘Memoiis of Colonel Bvrd, j
of Westover,’ the founder, during
George Il.’it reign, of Virginia's beau
tiful capital at Richmond. The very
bricks, paving-stones, and window
frames, of W estover, Brandon or Strat
ford, exhaled a:i atmosphere which was
fragrant to hit) nostrils, and enabled
him again to summon into fleshy ex
istence those English worthies of whose
literature he was so fond. There he
loved to rehearse that Charles 11. wore
a coronation robe of Virginia silk
when reinstalled upon the throne of
Great Britain; and that, in gratitude
for her loyalty in the hour of his
abasement, he permitted the proud
old State to rank thenceforward in
the British Empire with England,
Scotland and Ireland, and to bear
upon her shield the motto, En dal
vlr'flihia, quartern.
The early influences of the old
grange at Stratford, in which he was
born, had much to do with shaping the
character of General Lee.
“ Critics," says Mr. Cooke, “charged
him with family pride. If he possess
ed that virtue or failing, the fact was
not strange. Stratford ojienod before
his childish eyes a memorial of the old
splendor of the Lees. He saw around
him old portraits, old plate, and old fur
niture. Old parchments contained his
tories of the deeds of hiiyace ; old gen
ealogical trees traced their life far back
into the past; old servants grown grey
in the house waited upon the child;
and, in a corner of one of the great
apartments, an old soldier, grey too,
and shatered in health, once the friend
of Washington and Greene, was wri
ting the history of the battles in which
he had drawn his sword for his native
land.”
[to be continued.]
Agricultural.
David Dickson's Mode of Cotton Plant
ing,
Lay off the rows four feet apart;
ran the second furrow seven or eight
inches deep; deposit the fertilizer in
tended to be used either with the hand
or fertilizer sower at the rate of 400
lbs. or upwards to the acre. With a
long scooter plow run on each side of
that furroikanacover it up. Bun tke
same plow furrows
time, or the
Use a W^rae
scooter furrows,
"and scooter fin-rows in each of those
turning furrows, or a subsoil. Split
out the middles with a largo shovel as
deep as the horse will pull it. That
tinishes the bed.
When ready to plant, open with a
bull-tongue. Sow the seed with the
hand or cotton seed Bower —the cotton
seed sower preferable. If the cotton
seed sower is used it tinishes tlie whole
operation at once.
The earlier cotton is planted the
lighter it must be covered.
Cotton may be planted from the first
of April till the 15th of May. From
the 10th to the 25th of April [ con
sider the best time. You may plant
with high manuring as late even as the
Ist of June. By extending your
planting over the longest periods you
can raise the largest crops, the bulk
being put in about the 15th to the
20th of April.
Ifi the first working of the cotton,
side with a 22 inch sweep, with the
right wing tolerably flat, going veri
close to the plant, not exceeding a half
inch depth in the plowing. It may be
hoed by scraping with a sharp No. 2
Soovill hoe any time after plowing.
Leave two to three stalks in a hill, the
width of the hoe being the space that
the stalks should be apart. Some ad
vantage is gained by keeping as near
the middle as possible. You will be
able to see what grass the plow left.
The shaving of the grass with the hoe
will act as a second working of the
crop. It will always be safe if you
can return to the cotton once in three
weeks.
Side shallow and close again the se
cond time. Occasionally, to keep the
surface very level, you may run the
plow in the middle of the row. By
leaving the proper periods between the
plowing, you may carry the point
about the Ist to the 10th of August,
which is a very good time to cease
BANNER OF THE SOUTH AND PLANTERS’ JOURNAL.
Cotton may be made with two to j
tlwee plowings. Four sidings and two I
middle splittings are all that it ever j
wants under the most unfavorable cir- ]
cumstances. The greatest amount of j
work the cotton requires is only ten j
furrows to the row for all cultivation, j
The whole flowing occupies one and a!
fourth days work per acre, under!
favorable circumstances; and it may
be completed with three-fourths day s
work per acre. It is essential that
each of these plowings should be done
very shallow and close, never stopping
for dry- weather. If the ground stays
wet you may stop a few hours and
hoe. The hoeing and plowing during
the cultivation of the crop closes up
the land sufficiently to cause the fruit
to set finely. At the beginning of the
planting it was sufficiently porons for
the roots to penetrate in every direc
tion and to any desired depth. The
cotton plant is like the cultivated plum
or cherry, requiring the land to be
pretty close around the roots to Set its
trait well, and prevent its drowning in
excessive rains. To cause early ma
turity, the rows should be one way,
four feet apart, and there should be
from two to three stalks in a hill at the
distance of every nine inches. When
the cotton commences to bloom each
stalk will bloom, and take on just
as many bolls as if there were only
three stalks to the yard. This system,
stated above, will insure eight stalks to
the yard, if hoed with care, which is
166 per cent, more stalks than if one
stalk is left in every twelve inches.
By placing the stalks thick in the drill
and wide apart the laud is less shaded,
and gets more light and sun. If you
wish to shade with a given number of
plants, the more equally the land is
divided the more completely is it
shaded.
Prepared, manured find cultivated as
directed, there never has been any
reason, any year, to prevent making a
good average crop —Bradical Fann
ing, pp. 57-59.
Corn—-Oats—-“Slip-Shod' Farming*
<tc.
Editors South mix Cultivator.—
Last year I planted one acre of worn
out red hill land that M ould not with
ordinary preparation and cultivation—
have made inflft-fjh.pi .three buts <-is of
trfnW' land close
JR - Tleep with turn plow; laid oft’
rows six feet apart with long straight
shovel, running bevil pointed scooter
in same furrow, and continued this
process until all u-as bedded as for cot
ton. When ready to plant 1 ran twice
in water furrow with shovel, dropped
corn (one grain to hill) three feet
apart and covered lightly with a hoe;
corn planted March 16th. As soon as
the corn was well up ran with a long
narrow plough close to the corn, break
ing out thorohglily with shovel. Be
fore second ploughing dropped on each
side of the hill about double handfull of
cotton seed that had been previously
killed by heating, then ploughed out
with sweep run shallow, followed by
hoe covering what seed the plough
failed to cover, and planting peas; in
ten days ploughed again with sweep
which completed the work. Yield 15
bushels of corn and a fair crop of pea
vines, but few peas (which 1 turned
under with oats.) Owing to excessive
rains in early Summer, I do not think it.
did so well as it it had been planted on
a level, but when dry weather struck it
afterwards, I could see the advantage
of water-furrow planting.
One year after another I take it to
be the surest plan with up lands, as I
have tried it several years both ways.
I think I lost one-half the manurial
value of my seed by killing them. If
lands without soil will produce thus,
why can we not on moderate uplands
in this part of Georgia, make a plenty
of good corn. Year before last I
soiled oats in August, September,
October; also following January, Feb
ruary and March. The best oats I made
clearest of rust and heaviest were those
sown in January, ripening several days
before the rest. All sown on stubble
lands (except January soil ing) pre
viously turned with one horse Bruily.
Now why is this difference ? I have
always been very successful with oats
sown in January, until this year they
ivere badly killed in the sprout. I used
and had used on my lands last year one
ton of guano. On close red land it,
paid me nothing, on open gray lands it:
paid very well. Ain I to infer from j
this that it will pay on the one and not
on the other, or shall I blame the sea-:
son ? Fanners are generally behind
with work, though pushing up rapidly
and preparing to cotton it heavy. It is
astonishing to see the amount of sup
plies of all kinds, and guanoes, that are 1
being hauled from the Bail Roads into
the country, to Vie paid for next fall. ;
Will we not have hard times so long as
this state of things exists and cotton j
rale our destiny 1
I do not profess to be clear of sin,
yet I must throw a few stones, if I do ,
break somebody's glass. Did vou ever |
see a “slip-shod" farmer? I have;
they are in this country, and I have
seen them in places u-herc I have
travelled. A fanner that does not clean
ont his fence only once in four or five 1
years, and lets the birds keep pushing j
him back until he cannot get his horse j
nearer to the fence than one rod, is a |
‘fsllpfshodl’ The farmer that does
c-lean out his fence on one side, and '
throws everything into the corners on
the other, is a “slip-shod.” The farmer
whose fence, by the rotting of a rail,
or stock pushing oft’, or wind blowing i
oft some gets a loiv place in it,
and somebody's moles get into his rye
or barley lots, is a little “slip shod"—a
stitch in time saves nine." The farmer
who throws, or suffers his hands to
throw all the chunks, trash and logs
near the fence into the corner, is “slip
shod." The farmer Mho does not have
a gate or bars to his field, but pulls
down the gap every time he passes,
having ten or fifteen pannels of fence
in an uneasy position by such conduct
is “slip-shod,” and should be reprimand
ed by the editota of the Southern, Cul
tivator, or somebody else. The far
mer M-ho leaves a pile of logs in his
field to plough and hoe around, thereby
losing time and land, also breaking
down his corn and brtuing his cotton,
and generating a patch of briars is
“slipshod." . If you canot bum them,
cut them short, split and haul them to
yonr M'ood-pile at the house. If a
gully starts in your field, and you
know that after awhile one must be
there, take and run as
straight as to give
sufficient Ml.)
angles. wluvli will be the
’cascWrlell to itself. Any farmer that.
M ill roll or cuff. to be rolled, throiv
or suffer to be thrown, one chunk or
other obstruction*into a gully of such
character, is “slip-shod,” and deserves
to save large crooked gullies in his
field. I will perhaps in an after article,
; give you other evidence of slip-shod
farming— "leaks." «
Strong ashes lightly sprinkled on
cabbages early in the morning, will
1 drive off hugs and worms that infest
j them for me. Boron Land.
Palmetto, Ga, March 13, 1872.
PREMIUMS FOR FIELD CROPS.
Georgia State Agricultural Society.
Secretary's Office, )
Atlanta, Ga., March 12, 1872.)
In accordance with the action of this
body, at its recent session iii/Savanuah,
the next Semi-annual Convention will be
held in the city of Griffin. And the day
having been left to the discretion of the
President, notice is hereby given that
the time of meeting M’ill be Tuesday, Au
gust 13th, at noon.
The Annual State Fair for the year
1872 will be held in the city of Atlanta,
and will begin on Monday, October 14tli.
To furnish proper notice of premiums
which require early attention, thefollow
ing partial list is given in advance of the
complete premium list:
FIELD CROPS.
Restricted to crops produced in Geor
gia, or'by citizens of Georgia.
For the most economical result ivith
full report on the following crops.
PROVISION- CROPS —CEREALS.
1. Corn, ten acres, minimum, 50
bushels SSO
2. Wheat, one acre 50
3. Oats, one acre 50
4. Rye, one acre 50
5. Barley, one acre 50
HAY CROPS.
6. Clover hay, one acre, minimum,
two and a half tons SSO
7. Lucerne hay, one acre, minimum,
two and a half tons.- 50
8. Native grass hay, one acre, mini
mum, one and a half tons 50
9. Cultivated grass hay, without
clover, two tons ' 50
10. l’ea-vine hay, two and a half
tons. ‘ 50
11. Corn forage, four tons 50
BOOT CROPS.
12. Sweet potatoes, one acre 820
13. Irish potatoes, one acre 20
14. Turnips, one acre 50'
15. Ground Peas, one acre 20
16. Beets, one acre.. 20
FRA CROPS.
17. Field peas, one acre 820
18. Beans 20
MONEY CROPS.
19. Cotton—five acres, minimum, 2,-
000 pounds per acre 850
20. Tobacco, five acres 50
21. Cane—Ribbon—five acres 50
22. Sorgho, etc., five acres 50 j
23. Rice—lowland—minimum, seventy
bushels per acre 50 ;
24. Rice—upland—one acre. 50
25. Broom corn, one acre 60
CROPS BY BOYS UNDER SIXTEEN YEARS OP
age.
28. Cotton, one acre 825 1
27. Corn, one acre 25 :
I SAMPLES OF CROPS —PROVISION CROP.
| 28. Bread corn, one lmshel 810 j
i 29. Stock corn, one bushel 10
i 30. Ten ears bread coni 5
[3l. Ten ears stock corn 5
32. Stalk of com with ears and roots 5
; 33. Wheat, one bushel 10 j
I 34. Oats, one bushel 5 j
I 35. Rye, one bushel • 5
I 36. Barley, one bushel 5 j
37. Field peas, one bushel 5
38. Garden peas, one bushel 5 !
j 39. Rice, one bushel 5
’ 40. Sweet potatoes, one bushel 5 !
i 41. Irish potatoes, one bushel 5 j
i 42. Onions, one bushel 5
43. Onion sets, one peck 5 !
44. Sugar—Ribbon cane—one barrel 25
45. Syrup—Ribbon cane—one barrel 10
46. Sugar—Sorgho, etc. —one barrel. 25
47. Syurp—Sorgho, etc. —one barrel. 10
SEEDS.
48. Grass seeds, best collection of
Georgia raised 810
49. Clover seed, one bnshel 5
60. Lucerne, one bushel 5
61. Bine Grass, one bnshel 6
52. Herd's Grass, one bushel 5
53. Timothy, oue.bushel 5
54. Meadow Grass, one bnshel 5
55. Orchard Grass, one bushel 6
56. Garden seed, best collection... 10
SAMPLE OF MONEY CROPS.
57. Cotton, best bale upland 8100
08. Cotton, best bale upland long
staple 20
59. Cotton, best bale sea island ~ . 20
60. Tobacco, best box chewing,
Georgia raised. .. ..., .. 265
4*. tfldut. Geor
gia raised 20
62. Tobacco, best box leaf, Georgia
raised 5 '
63. Best box segars 5
64. Two stalks of cotton 5
65. Specimen of cotton roots 5
EXPERIMENT IN IRRIGATION.
66. Ten acres with full details, by
water in motion 8100
67. Ten acres by flowing or warping
(not by tide water) 100
The experiment must be carefully
made and the details of a permanent
character.
FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF COUNTY
SOCIETIES.
68. To the county which (through
its society or clubs) shall fur
nish the largest and finest dis
play, in merit and variety, of
stock, products and results of
homo industries, all raised or
produced in the county, in g01d.8500
In competing for premiums for the
most economical results in the produc
tion of different crops, the item of cost
must be carefully reported, including
the origin, fertility of the land, the cost
of fertilizers, and the cost of prepara
tion, cultivation and gathering tlie crop.
Certificates, also, must be furnished of
two disinterested witnesses of the
measurement of the land and the yield
:.per acre.
! Persons competing for premiums in ir
rigation must give notice to the Secreta
ry by the first of July.
Samuel Barnett, Secretarx.
M
* Gapes in Chickens. —lt is now well
understood that gajies in young
chickens is produced by vvorn.s in the
throat. A writer in the American
Entomologist recommends carbolic
i acid in small quantities in the feed as a
preventive. In cases where ihe disease
has already shown itself, he proposes a
cure by stripping a small quill feather
to near the small end, dipping it into a
solution of the acid, and swabbing
out the throat of the bird.
Brussels, April 4, evening. — Rinder
pest has wholly disappeared from Bel
gium.
Tlie strike of the London compositors !
has been successful. The demand was
for increase of wages and the limitation j
of a day’s work to nine hours, which has !
been conceded by 142 firms.
horticultural.
From the Farmer £ Gardener.
Our Native Flora
[continued.]
DECIDUOUS TREES (LOSING THEIR LEAVES
IN WINTER.)
1. Cucumber Tree (Magnolia Acu
minata.) —The deciduous magnolias are
all conspicuous for their monstrous
leaves and large showy flowers.
This is a very desirable species, and
of fine shape, growing to a large tree.
It prefers rich soils, and ranges from
the Southern States as far North as
New* York and Ohio. The young
fruit resembles a cucumber; hence its
name. Leaves from eight to nine
inches long.
2. Umbrella Tree (Magnolia Um
brella.) —A small sized tree, with leaves
from one to one and a halt feet long;
and white flowers, four to six inches
wide. The branches are irregular and
unsymmetrieal, and it is mostly prized
for its conspicuous leaves and flowers.
3. Large-leaved Magnolia (M. Ma
crophylla.)—This is only a shrub, or
small tree, but with monstrous, auric')
lar leaves, two to three feet long ; and
large white, fragrant flowers, eight to
ten inches in diameter. Bather rare,
but ranges from Florida to (Tennessee
ami Kentucky. All these Magnolias
are in cultivation by nurserymen. The
other tM'o -pecies— M. Cordate and
M. F, •aseri — are both small trees, and
less conspicuous in their foliage and
flowers*
4. Tulip Tree (Liriodendron Tu
lipitera )—This magnificent tree, (some
times, but improperly, called l’oplar,)
with angled, truncated leaves, and
greenish, hell-shaped flowers, grou-s to
an immense size in our forests, where
the soil is suitable. It prefers a rich,
dampish soil, and, along the margin of
swamps, attains a diameter of four to
six teet. In age, the branches become
rather straggling, and the head not
compact or regular enough fojJUpauty ;
but young trees are quite graceful. The
wide leaves are set on long, slender
petioles, which chase them, like those
yif the AspefTSml Poplar, to be stirred
by every breeze. The wood in large
trees is soft and easily worked—of an
olive green, and close-grained. Large
quantities of this timber are sailed up
and sold for ornamental work.
5. Linden, or Bass-wood (Tilia
Americana) —This, the finest of our
American species of Linden, is a large
tree, and rivals the European for beauty
and ornament. Ranges from the moun
tains of Georgia to Canada.
6. White Linn (T. Heterophylla,) is
a smaller tree, with larger leaves.—
Ranges from oar mountains ivest
ivardly.
7. Southern Linn (T. Pubesoens.) —
This is more common in the lower dis
tricts of the Southern States, attaining
a height of forty to fifty feet.
The Lindens are all ornamental, and
prized for shade trees and for pic
turesque effect, in lawns.
The wood is white and soft, and em
ployed in the manufacture of wooden
ware. It is from the inner bark of the
European Linden that the “Bast," so
much used in the manufacture of coarse
cordage and matting, is made.
8. Loblolly Bay (Gordonia Pubes
oens.) —Os our two species of Gor
donia, one (G. Lasianthus.) has been
already noticed under the list of Ever
greens. This species loses its leaves
in winter. It is a smaller tree, and
more restricted in its range, being
found only along the sivamps of lower
Georgia and Florida. Flowers large,
white and showy, meriting more atten
tion for ornament.
9. Bride of India (Melia Azede
raek.) —This favorite yard and city tree,
though an exotic, is so thoroughly
naturalized as to deserve a passing
notice. For gracefulness of foliage,
there are few trees more ornamental.
The clusters of lilac flowers open in
early spring, just as the leaves are ex
panding, and the yellow berries lian<»
on the tree all n inter. It is sometimes
objected to for streets in cities on
account of the roots extending so near
the surface as to injure the brick pave
ments, and being a rapid grower, with
large expanding head, it is more lhble
to be blown down by high winds,
unless kept annually pruned. The
berries, bark and root have strong