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VOL, L
PRINTED WEEKLY,
Jir HODGE W l\[' ,y ONNELL.
mmmmmmrntKk *
CONDITIONS. -
lit. The Annual StJl>«:rij»‘ion will be
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Letters addressed to (he Lni
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1 -i
<&> :<* ~ “:r • •> ■
Tup. foils* Inr c£itripK&# are re
quested and authorized to receive Sub
atriptions and give receipts for this
jKiher. viz *—-
W.atMns'iftih, Dr. Win. Wright 8c
Mr. Joseph Moss. V
count}] Capt. Boyle*
l.ex>ngeoor— ■ i lit Post Master* ( |
Gret te anmty, Mr. Wvley Gres
ham. P. M. (L eenesLo o\ Mr. Grant,
I*. M Grants*fifl.e? and the Post
Master, Putvtlum.
lViikes cmitity— Mr. James Wing
field!. P. M. /Washington, and Mr.
Robert Grier. <
Haysv*ll e—i M (**£ John barnett.
Columbia Court-House—# • Master.
fiancee k —Mr. Abercrombie, P.
fyL and Joseph Bryan, -Esq.
Elbe’ .-'W in. Woods.
Hetersburgh— \ lt* Alex. Pope.
Augus /ft—Mr,’ Fraser. P. M* -and
Mltinr v ' ; Pbmteyi .
Harm: Cunninghams P. Mr
jasper —Dr. Shurter.
jHt&nmn —Bribe Gaither, F.S([.
RJilledgeville— .The Post Master.
j| fajdison Long, IVM.
sm;l William Hodge, Esq.
Franklin —The Post Master and
tjif: Rev./ Messrs. Thomas Newton
qpd Sampson Lane.
Washirigton countj>— General Irwin.
Warren*— \ he Post Master*
Lincoln —The Post Master.
Savannah,— Samuel Esq.
Midivay-*-loh\\ E.Fraser* Esq.
St. Marys— Major Clark, P. M*
Abbeville, S* L.—Mr. Moses W*
Dobbins.
Without intending any disparage*.,
rnent to the useful and valuable pa
pers printed in Augusta, Milledgc
ville and elsewhere in this State, we
-will take the liberty to mention the
following considerations as in some
degree recommending this to public
putt onagtv and especially in the up*
per t ounlies.
it will be large, and will conse
quently contain only a variety,
but a considerable quantity of mat*
tjur—--selected with care.
It will be published at the'Seat of
the University of this State, ; and
viil derive from that circumstance
gome general interest and import
ance.
It will be published on Thursday
}n every week soon after the arrival
«f the Northern and Southern Mails
at this place* and will contain a
condensed v summary of the latest
and most interesting^news from the
North and South.
From a direct communication
thro* Greenville, S. C. k Buncombe
to Tennessee this paper will proba
bly derive the eurlio*t intelligence
from Tennessee,- Kentucky, Ohio &
Other Northern and Western States
and Territories.
It will contain besides the com
mon subjects oi a newspaper, some
moral, religious and scientific mat
ter, which will be carefully selected
and made as far as possible subser
vient to the practiced Christianity
and to the pursuits of common life.
The more eileotually to attain tins
onjuct, we heie beg leave respectful
ly to invite and solicit gentlemen of
science, wlih are friends to niun
.ftind, and who would meliorate the
‘Ogjidiuon of hu&ran hie, vo favor Us
ATHENS, THURSDAY\ NOVEMBER 10, 1814.
with their aid. Pieces on the vari
ous subjects alluded to, whether orir
ginal or well selected. will be thank
fully received—-subject however to
the correction and modification of
the Editors* Nothinir Sectarian will
be admitted. Not only the man of
letters , but the plain practical philo
sopher, the ingenious farmer and
mechanic may be useful here.—
From them will be gladly received
and attentively noticed any useful
discoveries and impmvments in a-
Cfriculiuve or thte mechanical arts.
It is not intended that this paper
shall .be made the vehicle oiprivate
or personal scurrility and abuse.
JC"?* Gentlemen holding Subscrip
tion papers fur the Gazette* are res
pectfully requested to transmit to the
• Editors immediately ific names of sub
/strikers* y■ ‘• ‘ ■. _ ;-w
THE INSTRUCTIONS
To the Senate and House of 1 Represen
tatives cf the w . Stales . >y:
T now transmit to Congress copies
of the instructions to the Plenipoteh*
tiaries of the U. States, charged with
negotiating a peace with Great* Bri
tain, as referred to in my message
of the lOtii inst.
jAMES MADISON.
Washington , Get, [2th 1814. v
Mr. Monrot to jhe PI nipotentiaries
of the United Stales* for treating of
peace with Great Britain . dated , 1
, JJepa r tme.it vj State , April 15/1814*.
CIhNTLKMtN,
1 iiact the honor,; on the——ult.
to receive from Mr. Adams two let
ters, tme bearing date the 30th Sep
tember, and the other on the 17th
Oct. last, communicating the over
ture ot the emperor of Russia, to
promote peace by his friendly medi
ation between the U States and G.
Britain.’ On the day following, Mr.
Daschkoff, the Russian minister,
made a sijnilar communication to this
department. The subject itas in
consequence, been duly considered,
and 1 have now. to make known to
you the result.
The President has not hesitated to
accept the mediation of Russia, and
he indulges a strong \\ops that it
will produce the desired eftect. It is
not known that Great Britain has
acceded to the proposition, but- it is
presumed that she will not decline
it. The president thought it impro
per to pospone his decision until lie
should hear of that of the British go
vernment. Sincerely desirous of
peace/h£ has been willing to avail
himself of every opportunity which
might tend to promote it on just and
ii inorable cbnditions, and in accept
ing this overture he has been parti
cularly gratified to evince, by the
manner of it, the distinguished con
sideration which the U. States en
tertain lor the emperor Alexander.
Should the British government ac
cept the mediation, the negotiation
to which it leads will be heid at St.
Petersburg. The President commits
it to you, tor which a. commission
is enclosed, and he has appointed
Mr. Harris Secretrry to the mission.
The impressment of our seamen
and illegal blockades, as exemplified
more particularly in the orders in
council, were the principal causes
ot the war. Had not Great, Britain
persevered obstinately in the viola
tion ot these important rights the
war would not have been declared.
It will cease as ioon as these rights
are respectcdr The proposition
made by Mr. Russell to tne British
government immediately after tlie
war, and the answer given by this
department to Admiral Warren’s
letter since, shew the ground on
Which the U. States were willing to
adjust the controversy relative to im
pressment.
This has been further evinced by
a report of the committee of Foreign
Relations of the House of Represen
tatives, and an act of Congress pas-;
seam consequence of that. By these
documents you wtU see- fjfat to §£»
commodate this important difference
the U. States are disposed to exclude
British seamen altogether from the
American service. This being 1 effec
tually done, the Bitish government
can have no pretext for the practice.
How shall it be done? By restraints
to he imposed by each nation on the
naturalization of the seamen , of the
other, excluding at,the same time
all others not naturalized—or shall
the right of each\nation to naturalize
the seamen ofthe other he prohibited
and each exclude from its service of
the natives of the other ? Whate
ver the rule is. it ought to be reci
procal. If G. Britkn is allowed to
naturalize American seamen, the U.
States should enjoy the same privil
ege. If it is demanded that the U.
State shall exclude from their ser
vice all native British subjects, a like
exclusion of American citizens from
British service ought to be recipro
cated The made also should be
common to both countries. Each
should be at liberty to give the same
facilities, or jbe bound to impose
the same restraints that the other
does. The President is willing to
agree to either alternative, and to
carry it into effect by the most eli
gible regulations that can be devi*
fied.
If the first alternative is adopted,
the extent of the proposed exclusion
will depend on the impediments of
naturalization on the efficacy of the
regulations to prevent imposition, or
the fidelity of their execution. The
greater the difficulty in acquiring
the right of citizenship the easier it
will be to avoid imposition, and the
more complete thfe desired exclusion.
The law of the last session of Con
gress relative to seamen proves how
sincerely desirous the Legislative as
well as the Executive branch of our
government is, to adjust this con
troversy on conditions which may
be (satisfactory to Great Britain. By
that law it is made indispensible for
e&*ry British subject who may here
after become a citizen to reside five
years without intermission within the
U. States, and xo many guards are
imposed to prevent frauds, that it
seems to be impossible that they
should be eluded. No British sub
ject can be employed in a public or
private ship of the United States,
unless he produces to the commander
in one instance, and to the collector
in the other, a certified copy of the
act by which he became naturalized.,
A list of the crew, in the case
of a private ship, must be ta
ken, certified and recorded by the
collector, and the consuls or com
mercial agents of Great Britan may
object to any seamen and attend the
investigation. The commander of
public ship on receiving a person
not duly qualified shall forfeit a
thousand dollars and the comman
der or owner of a private ship, know
ing thereof five hundred dollars
to be obtained by an action of
debt; one half to the informer and
One half to the United States. It is
also made punishable as a felony by
imprisonment and labor from three
to five years, or by fine, from five
hundred to a thousand dollars, for a
person to forge a counterfeit, or
To pass or usfc any forged or counter
feited certificates of citizenship, or to
sell or dispose of one.
It may be fairly presumed if this
law should be carried into effect, it
would exclude all British seamen
from our service.
By requiring five years continued
residence in the United States, as
the condition of citizenship, few if
any British seamen would ever take
advantage of it.—Such as had left
Great Britain and had resided five
years in this country, would be like
ly to abandon the sea forever. And
by mikiug it the duty of com
manders of our public, and the col
lectors in the case of 01$ private
ships, to require an authenticated
copy from the clerk of the court,
before which a British subject, who
©fersd his service) had heso
ized as inclispensibfr to his admis
sion. and highly penal in .ritber to
take person not duly qualified. and
by flowing also the British agents
to objeet to any one offering their
service, and to prosecute by suit
the commander’ or collector, as the
case might be. for receiving an im
proper person, it seems to be im
possible that such should be receiv
ed.
If the second alternative is adopt
ed ,* that is, if all native British sub
jects are td be hereafter excluded
from our serviced it js important that
the stipulation providing for it sho'd o
pera^t?so as not to effect those who are
already naturalized. By ouf law all
the rights of natives are given to na
turalized citizens.—lt is contended
by some that these complete rights
do not extend beyond the limits of
the United States; that naturalizing
a foreigner, no state can absolve
him** from the obligation which he
owes to his former government)
and that he becomes a citizen in a
qualified sense only, Th s doctrine
if true iu any case, is less applica
ble to the United States than any
other power. Expatriation seem®
to be a natural right, and by the ori
ginal character of our institutions
founded by compact, on principle*
and particularly by the unqualified
investment of the adopted citizen
with the full rights of the native, all
that the United States coudi do, to
place him on the same footing, has
been done. In point of interest, tho
object is of little importance to ei
ther party. The number to be ef
fected by the stipulation is inconsi
derable ; nor can that be a cause of
surprize, when the character of that
class of men is considered. It rare
ly happens that a seaman who settle®
on a farm or engages in trade, and
pursues it lor any length of time,
turns to sea. His youthful days aro
exhausted in his first occupation*
He leaves it with regret, and adopts
another, either in consequence of
marriage, or disease, or as an asylum,
for age. . /
To a stipulation Whicn shall ope*
rate prospectively only ob
jection does not apply. Irt natural
izing foreigners, the United States
may prescribe the limit to which
their privileges shall extend. If ifc
is made a condition that no native*
British subject, who may hereafter
become a citizen, shall be empioy§
ed in our public or , private ships,
their exclusion will violate no right*
Those who might become citizen®
afterwards would acquire the right
subject to that condition, and would
be bound by it;* To such a stipula
tion the President is willing to ast
sent,, although he would much pre
ier the alternative of restraints on
naturalization ; & to prevent frauds*
and carry the same fully into effect
you are authorised to apply all the*
restraints and checks, with the neces^
N sary modifications, to suit the caseji
that are provided in the act above re
cited, relative to seamen, for the>
purposes of that act.
In requiring that the stipulates
to exclude British seamen from oiub
Service, with regulations for carrying
it into effect, be . made reciprocal $
the President desires that you make
a provison* authorising the United
States if they should be thus dispose
ed, to dispense with the obligations
imposed by it on American citizens.
The liberal spirit of our governmenfc
and laws is unfriendly to restraints
on our citizens, such at least as are
imposed on British subjects from be-i
coming members of other societies*
This has been ahtwp m the law of
the last session relative to seamen
to which your particular attention
has been already drawn. This pro-*
vision may also be reciprocated if de
sired.
*he president is not particularly
solicitous that either of these alter*
natives ( making the proposed reser
vation in case the latter be,J should
be preferred. To secure the United!
fcutes qjpuast impressment bo- w
m xxxix