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rcYonahß and well and fined j w? are
v.-. arir to re. eg Tze t.hote on each
file * i .hat Ine c'ft’r.ft focietics,
pm; t? cnr did f112.1l he reftlTary to
rnaik it moie pklniv than nature
hif done, ye u fhn.ll have i:. 1 th;:k
v ,th yet:, than on this reduced kale,
it will be rriO?e eaiy (. r you to in
troduce the regular adoimftration
Ci ..<u a *
In proceeding to the eftalTfh
r.f at of lavi s you wifii to adopt them
Lorn curp, and fuch only for the
profit as fuit your prefect condi
ti a; chit fly indeed thole for the
p urn foment cf crimes and the pro
u. .on of property. But who ic to
oh ermine which of our laws fuit
’ cur oor.dition, and flic. 11 be in force
Vviih y< u ? All of jou being tqual
r o, no one has a right to fay
•- 1 a; fin 11 be law f.:r the others.*—
h r v-ay is to put thefe questions to
t e vm :-, and to ccr.ficTr that as
>av; {< : which the majority votes—
-1 t* f .':I has as creat a rig ht to ex
.o
v:t . ;.:s opinion by vc.se as ti e
, b.naufe he is equally free,
;;; By mautr of himftlf.—
Ia- it would be ii.ooj.vtr.ient for
. e.-.i r rxu to meet in one place,
> uid it :v t be better for ever)
i-'v-n to no as we do—that is to
ft • : (\oofte by tie vote cf she
i* j ; cf the town and cf tns
< > ‘ peopJe nearer to that than
o r y < her town,’ one, two, thite
* t■>■ r- , arco, ciirg to tl.e f.ae of
• i wn, cf thofe whom each voter
and T . the v, T ft c*.d hen eft eft men
r tn ■;n phtcc, and let the;d meet
t.j.-roei and rgi.ee v/hhh cf cur
} •sf it them. Bat thefe men
*l-.. • ■ i tiling of cur laws. Ilov/
t r *: \ they know which to. a
t. v Let them fibekte in their
< :v.< ; l cur beloved man Irving
v -h them, Col. Mtdgs, and he
v. 11 t; 1 them v;ha: our law is on
; .it they tit ft re. K ui hi
fi jt- th ’na alio of our methods of
< ’ ‘ .cfinds in our councils, fo as
t o p; derve order, and to obtain the
;•. L : every mcmber la• rj y. Thts
( : c:i can make a law for giving
to cm ry iu ad cfa family a fi-parate
•j-. rc 1 of land, which, when he has
i u.lr upon and improved, it fhall
! eh'j.g to him and his d.fceodants
i ■vi r, and which the nation itfclf
;fn dl b.-.ve no right to fed from un
tv r r.k to. t. They will determine
t w .at punifhtmnt fhallbein
j.; ft -. u for every crime. In our
{• u :? generally, we punifh murder
ojjiy, by death, and all other crimes
by khtary confinement in a priion.
But when you fha’.! have adopted
V v,who arc to exccv-rv them
*: v ..;ps, it miy be btilto permit
(u rv town and the feeders in its
,ii* gkb'uhood a ached to if, to ft
i ; i me cf <h. ir btft “, by a
?.r.. j -.ii'v of its voters, to be judges
in ail o If n nc.es, and to execute the
v a.-.cording to their own judg
xr ? nt. Your council cf repri ienfa
\ s w : !i cccide on this or fuch o
t • r mode as may belt fuit you. I
iV c- ft thefe ti.o gs my children,
J i he confideratich of the Upper
r i owns of your nation, to be de
< cd on as they think beft, and I
iir.ceuly wifh you may fupceed in
your laudable endeavors to lave the
icrrrns of your nation, by adopt
ing tnduftnous occupations and a
govc rnment of re gular law. In this
you mav rely a 1 wavs on the council
and : ffiftance cf the government of
the United States. Deliver thefe
words to your people in rny name,
at.d allure them of my frVcndihip.
T 11: JEFF&RSQN,
Jcr.::"v c, ISO 9.
SPE S C H
Delivered by the Pr> ft.dent of the
U j.red Stares to the Deputies of
the C heroic* t s cf the Upper and
1.0 ver Towns.
My Children , Dpt Kites eftbe
Cbcr:kses if the Upper
£■■;./ Lower ‘towns ,
I UNDLRSi’AND by the
ft ■ eech-s vv hich you hadciiv ?: and
ni'-, that there is a difference of d;f
poficion among the people of both
parts cf your na .ion 5 lome cf them
defires to rema n on their lands, to
betake themfdvts to agricultnrr,
and the induftrious occupations of
civilized life ; while othurs, fetain
iug tlieir attachment t j the hun
tff's life, and having little game on
their ptefent lands are delirocs to re
move acrcfs the IMiffiftippi, 10 1 me
of the vacant lands cf tee L. 7 . States
whrri game is abundant. I am
plcufed to find fo many difpoisd to
tnfuse the cnlrivaaon of the earth,
a plentiful fubfiftance to their fami
lk s j and to itnorove their mi. ids
by education : But I do not blame
thofe who havs'.g been bro’t up
from their infancy to the purlcit of
game, defire ftill to follow it to d;ft
as 1 1 cc v n t r ies. Ik no -.v h 0 w and hi: n1:
it is t ;r men to change the habits in
which they have been ra fed. The
*J. itr and States my children, are the
friends of both parties, and as far as
can re. fan ably be afked, they will
be willing to fat is f y the v/ifiie- of
b'th. ’i’h-do who remain may be
allured of cur patronage, our aid and
g >od neighbourhood : Thofe, who
wofh to remove are peirnitted to
fend an exp! nirg party to :<con
rj itre the country on-fhe-wstters of
the A1 kar fa, a r.d Whleßi vc r, and
to- higher rp the better, as they
will be the longer unapprcached by
cur fettlcments, which will begin at
the rucuih of thole rivers.—The
rft-rular diftridls of thr govfernrner t
cf Sr. Loti’s, are already laid cfF
to Sr. Fra cis.
When this party fhal! have found
a trad of country fiuring the emi
grants, and not chimed by other
10-iaus, we will ana ge with them
and vc u, the exchange of chat for a
juft proportion cf the country they
leave, and to a part of which, pro
portioned to their numbers, the/
have a right. Evely-aid towards
their removal, and what will be ne
ceffary for them there, will then be
freely admicilDred to them ; and
vh< n eftabhfhed in their new fetde
ments, ve fnall frill corfider them
rs our children, give them the be
n-fit of exchanging their peltries
for what tney w-iil want at oti** faefo
rics, and always hold them firmly
by the hand.
I will now, mv children, proceed
to ailwer our kind add refs cn my
retiring fre m the government. —
Serfible that I am become too old
To watch over the exttnfive con
cerns cf the fevtr.teen ftarep, and
their territories, I rcqutfted my
fellow cifzer.r, to permit me to
retire, to five with mv family, and
to thowle another P ftdenc lor
themfelves, and Father for you.-
They have done fo jad in a
time I (hall rf fire, and r.fign into
his hands, the care of ycur and our
concerns. Be allured ray children,
that he will have the fame friendly
difpt fition towards you which I
have had, and that vou will find in
h m a true and affectionate Father.
Indeed this is now the difpeftcion cf
nil our people towards you. They
lock upon ycu as brethren, born m
the fame land, and having the fame
intenefts; tell your people there
fore, to er.certain no uncafinefs cn
account of this change, for there
YtU be aP charge as to them. Ds
jVf- ; 0 the ha r**’ ad! n y
players to fhe Q: z: Spfti iot it heir
hnppir.efs j £.’ 11 thr u, that during
m adfhmiftradun, I have he; J tht ir
l and :2ft in mine, and that I will
put it into the hand of their new
father, who wili bold it as I have
done.
TH : JEFFERSON.
January 9, 1809.
“>■—. 0 <ce> c
Frew the Lcndc.-i Morning Chronicle.
TO THE ID I TOR.
Sip.— i obierve in your paper of
this day, that you fate as an article
of iu ; T’.b;'rnce, that the miniftrrs
have Cut an pgaitinto the Mediier
ranc?.n, to purchafe corn for the ufe
c f Spain, Portugal and the Weft-
Indies. I applaud’ the v/lfdorn of
the mtnifters in the adoption cf this
mesfure. Spain in no one year
produces torn mor: than fufHcient
t r its confumpri >n during half the
year j her fupplics are ufutlly drawn
from the Medircrranean, (viz. from
the coDh of Africa, the ifiands of
the Archipelago, Sicily, and fome
ttnaes ever, from Aft a Minor.) from
the Baltic, Torn America, from
I .angue.doc, and fo roe times from
Lrgland. Even fuppofing that
dunng the Eft fummer her crops
ha/e be? n abundant, yet the cobec
tiun of her harveft mu ft have been
much injured ft om the number of
I erfons t; ken cfF for military fer
vice, and from the movements of
various arrcoes. Another circum
fta .ee abii 211 jukl b-:* taken into the
account, viz. that during the 1 ill
furomer b.paui has not received her
pfual fnppiics of corn from the Bal
tic, America or Languedoc. I arn
therefore graceful to the murders
for iiaving turned their attention to
the means cf /upjfty.ing Spain y/ith
rl;is nect flary article. But while I
Applaud their conduct in endeavor
ing ro procure for Spain the full
fupj iy of every thing *hich can be
ferniftied from the Mediterranean,
I regret that they perfevere in re
fufn g to adopt thofe meafures by
which they might procure another
fupply more abundant, and in which
they are lefs likely to be counter
acted by Bonaparte: I mean the
fupply from the American market.
I knew that I fhall be told that this
fupply cannot be obtained without
a per fed reconciliation with Ame
rica, and that a perfedt reconcilia
tion with America cannot be eft', di
ed but by the abandonment cf our
maritime claims. Are we certain
that the h* maritime claims are well
founded? and even admitting that
the law cf nations jufolks us in af
fetring thefe claims, yet may not
the general wifii of civilized nati
ons, which fir ft eftabiifhed the lav/,
alter and chorge this law ? No
law eftabiifhed by man ern, from
irs nature, be unchangeable—the
fame leg dative power which crea
ted may repeal or new model a
law. But even admitting that this
doftrinemay be difputed, is it not
man Lit that perfeveranee in thefe
maritime claims mt;ft not only ren
der air.ity between this country and
America impracticable, but that it
inuft alfo render us the or.j- cc of
hatred to ail ether maritime flares.
It 1805, at the very moment
v.heo the emperer Alexander was
enteiing into an cfFenfive alliance
wnh ur, yet he referved to himfelf
the right cf difputing our maritime
ck ms. Is not this a fufficient
proof that thofe maritime claims
are odious to other nations ? If
ihefe claims cannot be lubmitted to
by America at the prefent day is it
hkeiy that they will be ftbmitred to
five and twenty years hence, when
her ftrer gph will be t ’ 3 j
ki'O’.v it k laid, chat Am: rica Rif r\
fo much from no- be! -g able to ; C (j
hei corn, traf b- r. rc fix months are
a; an end her fubj. w:h n.e ia r /
belhon a gain it tneir government ;
but do we not play too decn .1
game, do we not rifk too perilous
a flak ‘, when we try which country
fhaii be tired ft ft ; America of not
being able to fell her corn, or Ero„
land of not being able to purchafe
it; for in the prefent conteft the
fupplying Spain with corn, is as dV
Teritsally nee? fiary for our intereds’
as the fupplyirg England itfclf*
for if spain cannot be fupplied vvirix
corn by other means, lhs muft be
fupplied from this country. Bet
even admitting that Spain may be
fupplied with corn from the Me
diterranean, will there be no ad
vantage in procuiirg her a fecond
ftp ply ftorri the American market ?
Reconciliation with America wili
m: ft certainly facilirare reconcilia
tion with the powers cf the Baltic -
if ‘it does not procure us new al
lies, it will dimimfh the number of
cur enemies. Our prefent conteft
with Dana parte is for our exigence;
if he conqueis Spain and Portugal,
Ireland cannot be defended, and
when Ireland is loft, what is Great
Britain ? I know that Mr. George
Role, who, at prefent in the cha
racter cf minifter, excrcifes deft>o
tic power over nil the commercial
concerns of this country, has re
peatedly declared, that thefe mari
time claims fhall never be abandon
ed, and 2 large portion of the mer
cantile inrerdls applauds thk fen
timent.—Trade by a neutral flair,
they fay, is war in difguife again ft
us and whatever trade has been
heretofore’ carried cn by America
may now be gained by England;
but in this they are mifkken, and
though I do not expeft iu u
lievrd, I do not ferupie to prophe
cy, that thefe maritime claims muft,
fooner or later, be abandoned j they
may be per fevered in for fome time
longer : but except you decide that
England fhall forever continue in a
{late of war, thefe unjuft claims,
fo injurious to other dates, muft
ultimately be abandoned.
CASSANDRA.
GEORGIA EXPRESS.
ATHENS, MARCH 25.
WASHINGTON CITY.
March ij.
On Ftlday licut. Gibbons, the
mtflVr.ger from England, and cn
Saturday Mr. Purviance, the mef
ftnger from France, arrived in this
city, fiom on beard the United)
States fnip Ur.icn, which they left’
in the Delaware at New-Gallic.
The Union left Plymouth on
the 2d of January, and ever fince ‘
leaving port has been expofed to
the xn ? ft furious (lor ms.
By her dlfpatches from England
are received, which we underftand, \
do not other wife change die fub
fiftirg relations between the United
States and Great Britain, than as
they may be ?ft;cled by the
irg order cf council [extrafled from,
the London Gazette cf December
27th] the operation cf which, fo
far as rd 1-i S to this country, would
feem to be nugatory, the late aft!
cf Congrefs interdidlirg intercccrfe
with Great Britain and France ex
cluding the Britifli fl ?g from our
pertf. Colton, likewife, it will be j
reccllefted, is prohibited from ex-j
portation. t
i( ITis M;j?fty in virtue of the
power ukrVvd to him by two cer-