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SOUTHERN BANNER: APRIL 2, 1878
Side Glances at the Past.
TIIK KiBTH—ITS HASS AND DESIINY.
“We have now seen,’’ Chambers
«oes on to say, “that the earth is a
sphere slightly flattened at its poles
—what is culled by geometers an el
liptical sheroid—of a mean radius of
somewhat less than 4,000 miles. We
have next to consider its mass and
density. Nothing astonishes the
young student more than the idea of
weighing the earth ; but there are
several ways of doing it; and unless
we could do it we could never know
its density.
The first method is by observing
how much the attraction of a moun
tain deflects a plummet from the ver
tical line. This being observed, if
we can ascertain the actual weight of
the mountaiu, we can calculate that
of the earth. In this way, Dr. Mas-
kelync, in the years 1774-’76, by ex
periments at Sohehallicn, in Pert-
shire—a large mountain mass lying
east and west and steep on both
sides—calculated the earth's mean
density to be five times greater than
that of water. The observed deflec
tion of the plummet in these experi
ments was between four and five
primes.
In the method just described,
there must always be uncertainty,
however accurate the observations in
regard to the mass or weight of the
mountain. The method known as
Cavendish's Experiment is freer from
liability to error. This experiment
was first made by Henry Cavendish
on the suggestion of Michel, and has
since been repeated by Reich, of
Freyberg, and - Mr. Francis Baily.”
Chambers presents in bis Encyclo
paedia a figure representing Baily’s
Apparatus, which, of course, is an
impossibility to present here, ns we
have not the cut; but the following
description may enlighten our read
ers as to the e instruction of the
nbove.incntioned apparatus. It con
sists of two small balls at the ex
tremities of a fine rod, which, for the
sake of convenience, we will ©til C.
D., suspended by a wire, P. Q., and
their position carefully observed by
the aid of a good telescope. Large
balls of lead, It. S. placed on a turn
ing frame afe then brought near
them in such a maimer that they can
effect them only by the force of their
attraction. “On the large balls be
ing so placed, the small ones move
toward them through a small space,
which is carefully measured. The
position of the large balls is then re
versed (they are brought into the
positions T. U.) and the change of
the position of the small balls is
agi’in observed. Many observations
are made, till the exact amount of
the deviation of the balls is ascer
tained without a doubt. Then by
calculation the amount of attraction
of the large balls to produce this de
viation is easily obtained. Having
reached this, the next question is,
what would this attraction be if they
were as large as the earth ? This is
easily answered, and hence, as we
know the attractive force of the
earth, we can at once compare its
mean density with that of lead.
Mr. Baily’s experiments lead to
t lie result that the earth’s mean den
sity is 5.67 times that of water.
A third mode has lately been
adopted by Mr. Airy, Astronomer-
royal, comparison of two invariable
pendulums, one at the earth’s sur
face, the other at the bottom of a
pit at Horton Colliery near Newcass
tie, 1260 feet below the surface. The
density of the earth, as ascertained
by Mr. Airy, from this experiment,
is between 6 and 7 times that of wa
ter ; but for various reasons this re
suit is not to be accepted as against
that of the Cavendish experiment,
and it is said that Mr. Airy himself
is dissatisfied with it, and means to
repeat the experiment with new pre
cautions. The density of the earth
being known, its mass is easily calcu
lated, and made a unit of mass for
measuring that of the other bodies in
the system- It is found that the
mass of the earth, compared with
that of the sun, .0000028173.”
A Kentucky man married four
sisters. He was very sister-matic.
The Fall of a Mountain.
On* ofth* Vnxt Prominrnt Landmarks in Montana
Tumbles U the Plain.
[From tbe Helena Independent.]
Nearly every resident of Montana
has either seen or heard of the famous
Bear Tooth Mountain, the most
prominent landmark in northern
Mt^bana. It is visible from different
points at distances ranging from forty
to sixty miles, and is in full view from
Helena and the surrounding country.
The mountain is distant about thirty
miles from Helena, and stands like a
grim and mighty sentinel at the end
of the canon known as the Gate of
the Mountains, through which flows
the Missouri river. The Bear Tooth
was fully described as a wonderful
landmark of the early explorers,
Lewis and Clark. In all photographs
of the northern country' the two
tusks, rising black and grim hundreds
of feet above the mountain, are the
prominent objects. The main tusk
remains looking lonely and insolated
in its grandeur.
Last Monday a party of hunters,
who were chasing game several miles
north of the Bear Tooth, observed a
rumbling sound and a quaking of the
earth, and supposing it was an earth
quake, and not noticing a repetition
of it, they soon forgot the occurrence,
and continued their chase until they
reached the Bear’s Tooth. Here they
were astonished by the appearance
of the eastei n tusk. This was a per
pendicular mass of rock and earth,
fully 500 feet high, 3 r ’0 f-et in cir
cumference at its base, and about 150 ,
feet at the top. This immense mass
had become dislodged, and coming
down with the speed of an avalanche
had swept through a forest of large
timber for a quarter of a mile, entire
ly levelling it. The country around
is now covered with a great mass of
broken trees and tons upon tons of
rocks, many of them as large as an
ordinary house.
—
Tree Felling by Machinery.
An English paper has an interesting
account of-the recent trial of a new
machine for cutting down trees, at which
Mr. Gladstone, who has attained fame ;
as an amateur chopper, was present.
The machine consists of a steam cylin- :
der pivoted on a cast iron bed plate,
and having a long stroke, which puts
a saw in motion. The steam is sup
plied from a portable boiler through a
flexible tube, - and is chiefly admitted
into the cylinder at the piston end,
only a little steam passing in behind
the piston to serve as a cushion. The
effect of this arrangement is that the
saw cuts in the return stroke and not
in the thrust, the teeth being all
curved accordingly. The apparatus,
which can be carried by four men, is
laid on the ground near the tree, to
| which it is fixed by two jaws and by
a chain placed round the tree just
below the saw-cut,’and drawn taut by
a screw. From this it »vili be seen
that the machine cuts close to the
ground, thus economising the timber.
The first tree felled was an elm, two
feet and nine inches across the cut,
which came down in less than four
minutes. When the work goes on
uninterruptedly the task is accomplish
ed with great rapidity. In a private
trial, fire trees were felled, inclusive
of the time occupied in moving and
adjusting the apparatus, in thirty five
minutes. In the heart of one of these
trees, by the way, was found and en
tire brick. The saw was not made to
cut brick, but as it was driven by
steam it had not time to debate the
point, and so went right through the
impediment, with the loss of a tooth.
As the saw cuts well into the tree,
wedges are driven in, as is usual in
felling. The pleasure of steam re
quired for the felling of such trees as
were operated upon is abont fifty
pounds from a three of four-liorse pow
er. It was the general opinion of the
gentlemen present at the trial that the
machine was perfectly successful and
that where there was much good to
fell it would be of great service, par
ticularly in American, Indian and
colonial forests, which it was designed
to dear.
“ Gone, but not forgotten,” long
held its place as a sort of refrain to G.
Washington Childs’ obituary verses;
but latterly hocuses, “ Fondly loved,
sadly missed.’'
Navigation in the Air.
A FLYING MACHINE IN WHICH THE
HON. P. T. BARNUH IS INTERESTED.
[Bridgeport Standard.]
Mr. C. F. Ritchel of -{jorry has
been perfecting a flying machine on a
new plan in the Riverside Hotel,
East Bridgeport; the machine stands
in the hall nearly completed. It
consists of a black silk cylinder twen
ty-four feet long and twelve feet in
diameter, holding 3,800 feet of gas,
and a car suspended from the silk
cylinder by cords and rods. This
car is of slender brass rods, and ex
tends the whole length of the cylin
der, tapering to a point at each end.
In the centre is a platfonn upon which
the occnpant sits. In front of the
seat are two cranks attached tj a
wheel, which in turn is connected
with an upright shaft, at Jthe lower
end of which is a fan similar to the
screw of a propeller. Tfejs fan is
about level with the bottom of the
platform, and is made of thin brass
plates. At the front end <?f the long
car is another brass fan, which is so
constructed that it can bf£tumed in
any direction by the feet of the occu
pant of the car, while the centre fan
is at the same time worked by his
hands.
A man of ordinary strength can
revolve the handies at the rate of
100 a minute, which gives the fan
3,500 revolutions. The silk cylinder,
tilled with hydrogen gas, which is
the lightest that can be used, is to
sustain all but a traction of the
weight to be carried, and (jjp cent ral
fun is expected to lift the rest by a
pressure upon the air similar to that
which a propeller wheel has upon the
water. The air being much less
dense, the fan or aerial screw is given
a rapidity of motion sufficient to par
tially overcome this difference. By
reversing the motion of the fan the
power is so exerted as to raise or
lower ihc machine at will. The fan
at the end of the framework is also
revolved with great rapidity, by foot
power, and can be-tunjBfstraiyht
ahead or on either side, ^Irking on
a plan similar to that of the Fowler
steering propeller. By ti e use of
this fan the machine can be steered
like a ship, and the inventor expects
that aerial navigation will be accom
plished in the same manner that the
ocean is traversed by ships, the
gas-filled cylinder serving the pur
pose of a sail, and the fans guiding
the machine through the air.
Mr. P. T. Barnum, who is inter
ested iu the invention, was present at
yesterday’s test. There was a flaw
in the steerage apparatus, by which
the fan was caught and broken ;
nevertheless the machine raised as
high as the ceiling, and was lowered
at the will of the operator. We are
informed that the machine was tested
Women Who Want to Vote.
Sixteen women and two reporters
attended the fifth annual meeting of
the New York State WoinanSuffrage
Association at 81 Willoughby street,
Brooklyn, yesterday afternoon. Mrs.
Anna Field, who was conspicuous in
the Beecher trial as the constant
escort and friend of Mrs. Elizabeth
Tilton, presided, Miss White, a fash
ionably dressed young lady, wearing
gold riiuiued eye glasses hung with a
gold chain, read the minutes, which ,
recited that there are 34,000 tax-pay
ing women in Massachusetts, whose
wealth aggregates 8200,000,000.
Mrs. Fales, richly dressed in the
height of fashion, read a paper on
woman suffrage, in which she said
that the question of universal suffrage
was one that the ladies of to-day
could scarcely expect to settle in their
favor. The thing now wanted was
equalization of sexes, so that men
and women shall be equal in the
family, society, church and State.
Women had been long enough la
boring under restriction. It the
bondage was not removed diseased
action would take place.
It was then moved that a petition
be circulated asking for municipal
suffrage for tax-paying women.
Mrs. Field said that the necessity
for woman’s suffrage was clear in
Brooklyn. She met a great many
women who expressed what they
would do if they had only a say in
affairs.
Mrs. Walton said that she wanted
to get the benefi’ of suffrage, but she
didn’t think she would be forced to
buy property and pay taxes.
0Thc resolution was adopted. |
Meriwether A Few,
BLACKSMITH’S
TWO SHOPS FOR 1877.
One at the old stand in front ot
Messrs. GANN & REAVES,
The other on the road to the upper bridge and
* Mr. John z. c6oper’s,
Livery Stable. We have first class workmen
HORSE SHOEX2TG
of every description,
Plating and Concave Shoes
Manufactured to order.
WAGONS, BUGGIES, CARRIAGES,
And all .kinds of Machines and Im
plements repaired on short notice.
jan9-tf.
LIVERY AND SALE
STABLE,
Tiacmao S-fc_, A.-fcHeaaj3, Ga
ll. Z. COOPER, Proprietor.
a day »r two ago in the presence of
an expert from New York, and that
it worked perfectly, sailing abont the
room and all the time under the
perfect control of the operator. Mr.
Ritchel has been working upon the
invention since 1871, and is confident
he has found the much-sought-for
principle to be safely applied in aerial
navigation. He has applied for a
patent in tbe United States^ Canada,
Great Britain, and France. He ex
pects that a larger machine, capable
of carrying several men, would work
even more successfully than the small
one now being tested, as more power
could be employed, and lie even has
hopes of a still larger one, in which
the motive power will be furnished
by a -mall engine. He informed us
that the model of his invention had
been shown to the editor of the Sci
entific American, who said that he
believed it might be made so success
ful that a trip could be taken to the |
North Pole in it. Mr. Ritchel is a
very intelligent-looking gentleman,
apparently about 35 years of age.
He claims that all other inventors
have failed with their flying machines
because they have trusted entirely to
the lifting capacity of the balloon
appendage, rising by throwing out
ballast, and falling by letting out gas.
Another defect has been the placing
of the steering apparatus in the cen
tra, where only a comparatively small
amount of power coaid be exercised.
Good and Gentle Horses, Curriasres, Buggies,
(top and no top) Phaetons, <fcc., <fec., for hire.
Careful Drivers sent with teams when desired.
DROVERS
Are reminded that I have ample Stable Room,
Clean Stalls and Extensive lot for their accom
modation. Give me a call.
jan292m.
J. Z. COOPER.
THE WHITE SEWING MACHINE,
Said to be the lightest-running, the most
beautiful, cheapest, Lest, and largest Sewing
Machine in the world. Ladies and the public
are invited to call and see, at the Office, next
door to Wm. McDowell’s, C liege Avenue.
J. BANCROFT, Agent.
feb5-ly.
PIANO AND ORGAN Luddkn
A Bates hold the field and compete with the
world. 1,000 Superb Instruments from Reliable
Makeia at Factory Rates. Every man his own
agent. Bottom prices to all. New Pianos. $136,
*1S<), $170. NewOntans, $40, $50, $67. Six
years guarantee. Fifteen days trial. Maker’s
names on all Instruments. Square dealing, the
honest truth, and best bargains in the U. 8. From
$50 to $100 actually saved in buying from Lnddea
A Bat**’ Wholesale Plano and Organ Depot, Sa
vannah, da. febl9-lm.
LAW XTOnCES-
8. DORTCH,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Carnesville, Ga.
ap!8-1873-tf
g E. THRASHER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Watkinsville, Go.
Office in former Ordinary’s Office.
jan25-1876-ly
p G. T£IO Ms* ON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Special attention paid to criminal practice.
For reference apply to Ex-Gov. T. It. Watts
and Hon. Davia Clopton, Montgomery, Alo.
Office over Post-Office Athens, Ga.
feb3-lS75-tf
JOHN W. OWEN.
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Tocoa City, Ga.
Will practice in all the counties of the West
ern Circuit, Hart and Madison of the Northern
Circuit. Will give special attanion to nil claims
entrusted to his care. oct20-1875-ly.
Pops Barrow. D. C. Barrow, Jr
garrow Hros.,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Office over Talinadge, Hodgson & Co.
jan4-ly
£)'!>. HILL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Athens, Ga.
Prompt attention given to all business and
the same respectfully solicited. janll-ly
Lamar Cobb. Howell Cobb.
g & II. COBB,
ATTORNEY'S AT LAW,
* Athens, Ga
■Office in Deupree Building,
feb22-1876-ly
Alex S. Erwin. Andrew J. ConB.
T^R WIN & COBB,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
|Athens, Ga
Office on Corner of Broad and Thomas streets,
over Childs, Nickerson & Co.
feb23-1876-ly
j^SUBY G. McCUIlKY,
•Afetorzieyr act Law,
Hartwell, Georgia,
Will practice in the Superior Courts of North
east Gcoigia and Supreme Court at Atlanta.
Aug 8.1876 tf
James R. Lyle, Alex. S. Ebwin,
Watkinsville. Athens.
J^YLE & ERWIN,
ATTORNETS AT LAW.
Will practice in partnership in the Superior
Court of Oconee County, and attend promptly
to all business intrusted to their care.
jsin9-3m.
JACKSON * TtYMAs!
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Athens, Ga.
Office South West Corner of College Avenue
and Clayton Street, also at the Court House.
All parties desiring Criminal Warrants, can get
them at any time by applying to the County
Solicitor at this office. decl6-1874-tf
J> T. NELMS?,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Harmony Grove, Jackson County, Ga.,
Will practice in the Superior Courts ot Jack-
son, Madison, Banks und Clarke counties.
Special attention given to collection of claims.
Refers to Judge A. M. Speer, Griffin, Ga.,
and Hon. J. T. Spence, Jonesboro’, Ga.
oet9-tf.
yyr it. little,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Carnesville, Ga.
up!8-1873-tf
BUSHTESS CARDS.
rjl A. ILER,
Watahnalwr 2e Jeweler,
At Miohael’store, next door to Reaves & Nich
olson’s, Broad street, Athens, Georgia. All
work warranted 12 months.
aeptl2-tf.
CIIAS. C. JONES, JK. F. E. EVE.
JONES Sc ZEVZE!,
ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW
SIBLEY’S NEW BUILDING,
211 BItOAD STREET, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
o6-6m
THE NEW YORK
WEEKLY HE11ALD
JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Proprietor.;
The Best and Cheapest Newspaper Published.
POSTAGE rH’PHEGIHJ.
OWE nObbAB
PER YEAP,
60 CENTS FOR 6 MONTH
An Extra Copy to every Club of Ten.
The N. 7. Daily Herald.
Published every day in thefyeai
Fo&rbage Free.
$ 10 pays for one year, Sunday* included.
$8 pay* for one year, without Sundays.
SB pays tor six months, Sundays Included*
$4 pays for six months, without Sundays.
$2 pays for one year for any specified day ol tn
week.
$ 1 pays for six months for any specified day ol
week.
1 pays for one month, Sundays Included.
NEWSDEALERS SUPPLIED.
Postage Free.
Daily
tion 4 cents.
•y. Address
Jan23-4m
edition, 2% cants per copy. Sunday edl-
nts per copy. Weekly edition 2 cents par
kddress NEW YORK IIBBALP,
toil l iM»!
CLAIM to have the Largest Stove
in this market.
CLAIM to have the Heaviest
Stove for the price in Athens.
I CLAIM to. have the Finest Ar
ranged and most Elegantly
Finished Cook Steve Manu
factured
I
I
CLAIM thatj.1 can; Furnish the
Best Tinware in the State as
Cheap as inferior Tinware is
now sold at in Athens. |
CAN Substantiate the above
claims and would be pleased to do so
to any one desiring to purchaso. Call
and be convinced at the
SION OF THE BIG COFFEE POT.
Broad Street., Athens, Georgia.
J. C. WILKINS,
aug7-taa
Ahead of AH
U0MPETITI0.H
« 0. ROBINSON
-wsss.
H as jsut returned from a visit
nmongthe Principal PIANO and ORGAN
factories in New York, Boston nnd other chic?-
having arranged for the Largest and most eon ,
plete assortment ever offered South, at prices
ABSOLUTELY
BEYOND COMPETITION I
P B ,CE S Q„,C S.
Musical Instruments
OF EVERY VARIETY.
Sheet Music and Music Boob,
THE LATEST PUBLICATIONS.
Musical Merchandise,
And everything pertaining to a
First Class Music House,
TUNING AND REPAIRING, , PIANOS,
Church, Pipe and Reed Organs, and all kinds ot
Musical Instruments Tuned nnd Repaired by
Mr. C. H. Taylor, the best skilled and one ot
the most thorough workmen South. Mr. Taylor
devoted nearly fifteen years in the constructor
of instruments in some of the best factories in
this country, and is the only authorized Tuner
for the AUGUSTA MUSIC HOUSE.
G. O. ROBINSON & CO,
265 Broad Street, Augusta, Ga.
o2-tf
CENTRAX. HOTEL
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
Mrs. W. M. THOMAS, Prop’r.
This Hotel, to'well known to the citizens of
Clarke and adjoining counties, is located in the
centre of the business portion of Augusta, con
venient to Post Office, Telegraph Office and
Depot, and offers inducements to the public
unequaled bv any other Hotel in the City
deoi-tf.
J OB WORK OF. ALL TESCRIP-
tionjneatly done at thif office.
