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YOL. XXII. NO 21.
•ftlsL
VIENNA, GA. THURSDAY, DECEMBER 81, 1008
TERMS
ifyOU 'are a printer and want a job, come running. No time to waste with ceremoniesT
SB. STEVENS TALKS
TO GEORGIA FARNEGS
, ■,
8ubjjot, the State College of
Agrloulture.
SOME TIMELY SUGGESTIONS,
In the laboratory; also Agricultural
Chemistry and Botany.
The flrst floor of Agricultural Hall
is equipped with dairying apparatus.
MHk testing, butter and cheese mak
ing are carried on. The principles
o^stjOOk judging ere Illustrated by test
ing slock belonging to the Farm and
also by'visiting the various livery and
sales stables In Athens. Poultry rais
ing and boo keeping are taught prac
tically.
Surveying, Leveling; Terracing, etc.,
are taught by exorcises in tho (leld.
Arithmetic Is applied in Farm Account
ing. The Important subject of Good
Hoads la presented by lectures. ,
The use, conJtruetlon, repair, 1 etc.,
of farm m*:chlnery b taught by the
every resource at his command will t5 r storing and-curing. These are
prove to be the most successful m rals- w0 u supplied with shelves so arranged
tng abundant crops. Decayed vege- that the free pM8a8e ot tte alr wl „
table matter, the compost heap , th« prev#n t the brush from being molded
commercial fertiliser produce tbeli ^ dani aged.
Short Courses, Recently Introduced,
Make It Practicable For Many Farnv
ere 1 Sons to Enjoy Benefits of ths
Institution.
December 9, 1908.
inasmuch as everything pertaining pro ;~“ r in wnMctlon ^tfheTmpta
to the upbuilding of the agricultural, mt< belonging to the Farm and by
tnterebta of Georgia is of general in-j Tl3lta to tho Rehouses in Athens,
terest to myself, I have concluded to w (, 0 re such machinery Is examined
talk with the farmers this month up
on the State -College of Agrloulture,
located Athens.
''•ip-offleers of that Institution have
•eon introducing ffcort courses, which
make It practicable for many more
farmers' sons to enjoy the benefits In
tended for them by the establishment
of Agricultural Colleges.
It Is of Importance that the farmers
should be Informed of the data ro
uting to the winter cour.se In agricul
ture in the State College of Agricul
ture, University of Georgia,
For several years past the State
'Agricultural Colleges throughout the
9 country have been endeavoring to
reach out to the farmers and bring
V to them more practical benefits from
the Federal funds which have been
devoted under the original
Morrill Bill, and its Amendment to
scientific and agricultural education.
Formerly, .the colleges seemed not to
Itnow how to do anything except to
'j<. prepare a full scientific course, Intend-
: ed to occupy four years, and to lead
to tno degree of Bacheibr of Science
/ la Agriculture.
This course attracted a few students
fn each state, who undoubtedly receiv
ed great benefit from the education
thus offered, but the number, com
pared with the number that ought to
have been reached, was 4 ?treaely-llm-, ftn orchard ^ ?0 ,000 peach t^e:
„ WKstanEeT la Wisconsin, i TmeJ , ard e [ 15,000 grave vlaes.
re the State made appropriations
%
to supplement the Federal Fund, and
Where splendid facilities were offered
, f in the way of laboratories and equlp-
ST meat, the Dean of the College of Agrl-
f culture stated that In 14 years there
had only been 14 graduates.
Under the leadership of the Wiscon
sin College and of Cornell, which are
recognized as the most advanced agri
cultural Institutions In the country,
shorter courses have been devised. In
tended to attract larger numbers of
students, and especially those who
could not remain In college for four
years. These courses have been re
spectively, a one-year course, and a
short, three-months couse, the latter
fixed In the winter, so that the sons
. - ■* of farmers who could not get away
during the busiest season, might at
tend at That period. They have been
made Intensely practical in the form
of the instruction given and In the
application of the instruction to prac
tice. These courses were established
two years ago in the State College of
Agriculture, at Athens, and have been
attended by comparatively good class
es, showing that there was a demand
for such Instruction In the State, and
Ithcl the meeting of the demand was
appreciated by farmers and their sons.
The winter course consists of in
struction In Agriculture, Horticulture,
“ airying. Animal Husbandry, by Pro-
essors J. M. Johnson and J. F. Hart,
'Jsi In Agricultural Chemistry, by Dr.
C. White; in Farm Engineering by
ot'essor C. M. Strahan; Business
‘Daw, relating to the farm, by Chancel
lor Hill; In English by Professors
iPark and Sanford; in Farm Accounting
and Bookkeeping and Mathematics, by
IProfesBor Barrow.
It is sometimes objected that agri
cultural, education is not practical. An
earnest effort has been made to re-
| move all possible force from ttfB ob-
ction by the introduction in the Win
er course at Athens of practice along
Irlth teaching.
The area of seven acres on the Cam
pus, adjoining Agricultural Hall, and
the University Farm, 130 acres, are
wsed for experimentation and illustra
tion: tho former on the intensive,
$he latter on the extensive scale. The
e pus area is under the eyes of the
ents dally; the farm is visited
fwice a week by the students In com
pany with the Professor, who resides
S n the farm and conducts all the op-
rations there.
The subject of Soil Physics Is taught
by the professor and students conjoint
ly.
The ranking Professor ot Agricul
ture fn the State College Is not a mere
theorist, but one who conducts the op
orations on the University farm and
the experiments on the University
Campus. He Is a horoughly practical
teacher as also Is his assistant, Mr.
J. F. Hart, Jr., who is a native el
Georgia and familiar with all the local
conditions of agriculture.
The students have not only ths gen
eral advantages ottered by the Univer
sity Library, but the speolal Library
of Agricultural works In Agricultural
Hall, and they also have an opportun
ity to read all of the valuable ourrent
periodicals In Agriculture, Horticulture
and Dairying.
It la not too much to say that any
young man who goes through this
oourso, will be able, If offered'a posi
tion on a dairy farm, to conduct Its op
orations and to carry on the mnaufac-
ture of cheese and butter in the dairy.
An opportunity for valuable positions
is offered through thia college. There
is a large amout ot capital being In
vested over the Sate In orchards oi
apples, peaches, etc. There will be
a demand for young men who can man
age these enterprises. One membei
of the class of 1902 is now managing
trees and a
Ths
British South Africa Company has re
cently applied to the president of ths
college to recommend young men at
a salary of $1,600 and all expenses, to
go to South Africa and teach tho na
tives the culture of cotton.
The accommodations are so cheap
as to be within the reach of all. Dor
mitory rooms are free; good board can
ho had at $8.60 per' month—16(1
would cover all the expense
of the winter course. A young
man who has good stuff In him
cannot be deprived of the benefits oi
an education for the want of $60. II
he didn’t have it, and if he was ths
best results when intelligently ban-
died. :l-
The cold weather that we have had
up to this date warns us that we may
be at the threshhold of a severe winter.
Hence, there Is great n scesslty fot
giving proper shelter tor all stock,
such as horses, eaf'.lo, sheep and hogs.
In v»!n will the farmer purchase high-
grade stock tor his farm, if, like ths
barbarian, he leaves them Ao shift foi
themselves. The anlny' \ his mas
ter, is Improved by i,.... Jtlon. A
good shelter from the weather, clean
straw to lie upon, goed, wholesome
food go a long ways toward making
stock healthy and. enabling them to
render their boat service to. their ma»
ter. O. B. 8TEVENS,
Commissioner of Agriculture.
BROOM CORN.
,If the brush is harvested green, the
seed Is generally separated from It
before ouring, either with a hand ma
chine made for the purpose, or by
holding the head of the brush to the
cylinder of a grain threshing machine
and not permitting the brush to jbe
drawn in.
The stalk of the broom com when
out at the proper time, makes a fair
ly good coarse forage, comparing fav
orably with our common corn-stalk
forage.—Georgia Department of Agri
culture.
We hare been asked
“What Is the time for planting broom
com?
And again: “Does It pay to raise
broom corn In Georgia?
Our answer to the first question Is
that the best lme for planting broom
corn in Georgia Is near the flrst ol
April.
To the second question, we would
answer that It la a profitable crop to
raise In sections well suited o It. As
there seems to be no substitute for
the broom corn brash, and as there la
always a demand for it, It will pay
well to raise it where the farmer has
the space and time. The average pro
duction Is aboi^t 600 pounds to the
acre, though real good soil has been
known to produce as high as 1,000
pounds to the acre. Whan prepared
for the market and baled^in either
a common cotton press or In a press
for baling hay, the prloes range from
6 to 9 cento a pound, according to
quality.
The seed makes a very good feed
for horseg when mixed with oats, and
is also fine for poultry, especially for
young chicks past two or thro* weeks,
old, when given with other food.
Broom corn is a variety of sorghum,
and {(rows beat where our common
pom thrives well. Good river or branch
bottom land suit It best, but any good
land, well drained, will, with barn
yard manure or a good fertilizer, give
good results. The preparation Is sim
ilar to that for corn. A well approved
plan Is to broadcast thej manure, plow
It in, and harrow so age to pulverize
the soli thoroughly ar^make a good
seed-bed.
Plant In drills or IinWlHk The rows
, , ... _ may bo from 3 to 4 feet t opart, accord-
rlghh sort of a man, he oould borrow • iQ g to var j e t y grower; three feet apart
it, and hi* course would enable him, Jor tho dwar j varieties and four feet
more speedily to pay it back. j for the larger ones, The hills may be
A handbook has been published glv-, t or th feet;apart . seed, if
lng a l details In regard to course sound and u rl d wlll not
and giving handsome Illustrations ] t1 f,
showing tho class In dairying at work,
experiments in forage crops and cotton
growing on the campus, orchard, etc.,
at the University Farm, with pacturea
of Agricultural Hall and other build
ings In which the Instruction Is carried
on. This pamphlet will be mailed on
.ppilcation to the Chancellor, at Athena
or Dr. H. C. White, president of the
State College.
Let the farmers of Georgia note
these things and govern themselves
accordingly. We think that our pros
pective young farmers can deriva
great benefit by attending some or all
of the courses above described. j
Now for a few words with the
farmers on other subjects of profit to
them.
Every thrifty farmer has, of course,
by this time gathered and stored away
his crops or the past season, sowed his
winter ■. ho t and oats, or such vego,
tables as hj desires for his winter
garden.
He should now see that his hatsls
are kept husy preparing his land nol
now under cultivation for the -»orl(
that will be expected of it. Jv«t as
he must feed his stock, so he must
see that his land receives the nourish
ment, that will fit It to bear tis com
ing crops. Let him gather all thd
m anuria 1 resources of his farm and
with his turning plows bur$ In ths
soil the roots, weeds and, grasses,
which, decaying before spring, will
furnish the plant-food s_q. needful foi
quire more than two quarts to the
acre. The cultivation is slmlar to
that of corn, except that there Is
need of more care and skill on account
of the plant: Thinning should be
done when the plants are two or three
inches high; leaving five or six in the
hill. If drived, the stalks should be
left three,or four inches apart.
If the farmer has planted for the
sake of the brush, tho time for harvest’
lng Is when the blossoms begin to
fall, because the brush Is better when
cut green, since tho consequent tough
ness of the straw and Its live color
will command a better price In the
market. ,
With the tall varieties. It Is cusomary
before harvesting It to' break down the-
rjralks about three feet above the-
ground, turning the tops of the stalks
of two rows towards each other. The-
stalks will cross each other In such,
a manner that the tops will project
about a foot on each side. Each two-
rows will be treated in this way until
the crop has been fiuished.
Through the spaces thus left, the
harvester can pass In cutting the
brush, which is usually done Immedi
ately after the crop Is broken.
The dwarf varieties do not need the
breaking process since the stalk is
low.
In cutting the brush leave only 8
or 10 inches of the stalk below it and
no leaves. When cut, they should be
gathered in small bundles and placed
productive harvests. CommercldTfer-1 ander 8h ® lter - because It is better not
tilizers properly applied are great j *» oar « th «“ tbe san ' and the M
agents for building up the land, but| ®bould not fall on them after they
they do not aupoly the place of tSS «ave been cut.
things just mentioned,
When very large crops of broom
Th° former who avails hlp^elf 01 PW, special barns are buill
BAN JOBE 8CALE.
Since Disappearance of the San Joss
scale In Georgia many expensive ex
periments have ben oarrtd out with a
▼lew to controlling this pest Al
is well known, this Insect Is one ol
the most serious enemies to success
ful fruit growing. When the seals
has once obtained access to a peach
or apple orchard Us complete eradica
tion Is impossible, aat unless kepi
under control by thorough spraying,
It will In two or three years entirely
ruin the orchard. The Georgia Stats
Board of Entomology has succeeded
In thoroughly controlling this pest by
the use of what Is known as the "lime-
sulphur-salt wash," and has demon
strated that profitable crops of fins
frtut can be grown In orchards In
fested with the scale.
In spite of this fact, however, such
spraying Is expensive and In localities
where the San Jose soale has not yel
appeared, the old adage of “an oiracs
of prevention. Is better than a pound
of cure,’’ holds true. For preventing
its spread to unlnfested orchards
and localities no measure has
proved so effective as the enforce
mont of the Georgia law regulating
the sale and shipment of nursery stock.
This law, briefly stated, requires that
all nursery stock sold In the State ol
Georgia must be Inspected by ths
State Entomologist or bis assistants
before being offered for sale or ship
mont. If, upon a close Inspection, ths
entomologist finds no San Jose scale
or other dangerous insect pest oi
plant disease, the nurseryman Is given
a certlflficate to that effect, The sals
or shipment of any nursery stook,
without such certificate attached li
strictly a violation of the law, and all
parties purchasing trees should bi
careful to see that this certflcate Is
attached to all trees offered them, la
case uncertified stock Is offered foi
Bale, the prospective purchaser should
at once notify the State Entomologist,
Atlanta, Ga. In this way the fruit
growers and farmers can be protected
against the introduclon of dangerous
Insects or diseases Into their orchards
All railroads, express companies
and steamship lines are strictly for
bidden to receive for shipment or de
livery any nursery stock which docs
not bear the certificate of the State
Entomologist of Georlga. The regula
tions of the Georgia State Board ol
Entomology which have the force ol
laws by virtue of an Act of the Gen
eral Assembly of the State of Georgia,
approved Dec. 20, 1898, amendatory
to an Act of Assembly approved Dec.
21, 1897, creating a Board of Entomol-
and h-ae them analyzed.
The chemist reports that be finds
the acid phosphate to contain 14 per
cent of- nitrogen, 2V& per cent of phos
phoric acid, and 1% per cent of pot
ash, and that the kainit contains 1214
per cent of potash. With these data
to go by the manufacturer, alter some
figuring, calculates tllat he can make
the goods he wants by taking 1,050
pounds of the acid phosphate, 060
■pounds of tho cotton seed meal, 30U
poundsO ol' the kainit; total 2,000
pounds.
So lie has this formula made up,
perhaps 600 tons of It, by having all
those materials thoroughly mixed in
the above proportions, passing them
through his disintegrators, screens and
other machinery, until he feels satis
fied a complete mixture has been ef
fected. Then to be sure everything
is right, he has another sample drawn
from the mixed goods and sent to the
chemist for analysis, who, if the mix
ture has been properly made, ought
to report an analysis as follows:
Available phosphoric acid, 8.16 per
cent; nitrogen, 2.11 per cent; potash,
2.36 per cent.
Suppose now the manufacturer is
called upon by a peach grower, who
has found that he needs a large quan
tity of phosphoric acid and potash for
his crop, to make him- up a goo
rrv - ■••• * •*** - -rv-
available phosphoric acid, per coni
of nitrogen and 7£\ per cent ot pet-
ash. The manuL-VSturer soon sees by
a little figuring that he cannot make
this goods up with tho material* he
has on hand, but must go Into the
market and buy higher grade mate
rials. He finds he cannot make out
of South Carolina rock an acid phos
phate high enough for his require
ments, but must buy some Tennessee
rock , He does so, and after making
It up into acid phosphate finds that
it analyzes 17 per cent available phos
phoric acid; he also buys some muri
ate of potash, analysing 60 per cent
of potash, and some sulphate of am
monia, analyzing £0 6-10 per oent ol
nitrogen. Having these data he cal
culates the following formula:
Seventeen per cent add phosphate,
1,200 pounds; Muriate of potaeh, 300
pounds; Sulphate ot ammonia, 300
pounds; Cotton seed meal, 2flfe pounds,
Total 2,000 pounds.
Artor thorough mixing and manipu
lation in the faetd.y as before, he
■ends a sample ot tbe well-mixed
goods to bis chemist, and receives an
analysis like this:
Available phosphoric add, 10.46 pet
oent; nitrogen, 8.74 per oent; potash,
7.66 per oent, which makes him feel
satisfied, a« In has guaranteed to
make for his customer a oomplete fer
tilizer containing:
Available phosphoric add, 10 pel
cent; nitrogen, 8.6 per cent; potash,
7.6 per cent, and he finds that he hu
done this, with a small margin to
■pare.
JOHN M. MeCANDLESS,
| State Chemist.
QUESTIONS.
& northern gentleman who Is think
ing of moving to Georgia Inquires:
“Can I raise Timothy successfully
In Georgia?"
To be candid with our friend. w«
'must say that Ti'mothf does not suc
ceed In Georgia like other grasses,
But we hare grasses salted to out
soil that are just as good as Timothy
Is for other latitudes. Our Berumds
grass Is peculiarly suited to Georgia
and In sncculen tand nutritious quali
ties la not surpassed by any of ths
grasses which are Buoh favorites In
the north and west. It flourishes in
every section of our state, makes s
splendid pasturage, and produces abun
dance of good hay. . Seven-eighth!
of an aero has been known to pro
duce $U-( worth of Bermuda grass In
one season. Both this and orab grasi
are perfectly at home In Georgia, and
boar well, even when neglect/ : but,
when cultivated, they mgfce t Hendld
returns for the attention If letawed
upon them.
To make good bay and fqrnleh th«
largest yield Bermuda should be mow
ed from three to five times eYerj
summer.
“the poorest farmer can raise Ben
mud a successfully. It Is cldlmed that
one acre of this grass on boII well suit'
ed to It (and such soli Is found p.
over the northern and middle and
large parts of southern Georgia) win
maintain ten sheep for ten months.
On one acre In Greene county, in
the middle Georgia belt, there havi
been ralsd as high as 13,968 pounds,
or 6.9 tons of the best Bermuda hay In
one season. This shows what can hi
done in Georgia by our best farmers.
Bermuda will stand the severest
grazing and, after th estock has been
removed, show largely increased yteldi
over similar land that has not been
grazed upon.
The cowpea furnishes also a splen
did hay. Tho peas make excellent
food for stock and are also highly
prized for the table, and the vlnei
properly cured make a most nutrltloui
hay. Peavlne hay is a great favorite
not only in Georgia, but In all the
south. The production of peavlne hay
to the acre varies from 2,500 to 10,-
000 pounds, depending upon the soil
and the skill of tho farmer. Undsi
average conditions four thousand
pounds to the acre Is a very good
yield.
We do not wish to be understood as
saying that Timothy will not succeed
at all in Georgia. The well-drained
rice land of the Georgia coast will rlv«
good yields, as will also the richest rl
the bottom land that Is good for wheat
But other grasses in Georgia are fai
more profitable.—Georgia Department
of Agriculture.
Ida—So Myrtle inherited a for
tune. I suppose it burned a hole
in her pocket.
May—No; in !